EP1352372A1 - Multiplexeur frequentiel - Google Patents
Multiplexeur frequentielInfo
- Publication number
- EP1352372A1 EP1352372A1 EP01994904A EP01994904A EP1352372A1 EP 1352372 A1 EP1352372 A1 EP 1352372A1 EP 01994904 A EP01994904 A EP 01994904A EP 01994904 A EP01994904 A EP 01994904A EP 1352372 A1 EP1352372 A1 EP 1352372A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- multiplexer according
- contact
- frequency multiplexer
- signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C15/00—Arrangements characterised by the use of multiplexing for the transmission of a plurality of signals over a common path
- G08C15/02—Arrangements characterised by the use of multiplexing for the transmission of a plurality of signals over a common path simultaneously, i.e. using frequency division
Definitions
- the technical sector of the present invention is that of signal multiplexing systems, particularly applied to automation systems using a large number of all or nothing contacts subjected to electromagnetic disturbances.
- Recent automation systems be they automata or computers, offer the possibility of integrating a large amount of information.
- this possibility poses a problem of wiring volume between the transmitters and the automation manager.
- the use of a large number of all or nothing contacts, of the end-of-travel sensor type systematically requires two conductors between the contact and the manager.
- an automation using seventy-five all-or-nothing contacts will require seventy-six conductors.
- the distance separating the contacts and the automation manager quickly becomes an unacceptable financial element.
- the classic all-or-nothing information transmission methods have therefore turned to multiplexing. This technique consists in passing a significant amount of information through two conductors. Multiplexing can be of the type: - logic based on a binary principle,
- the use of the electronic principle based on the transfer of information by input-output bus of the I2C type for example does not solve the problems encountered by the systems described above.
- the installation of a computer processor at the contact level which sends the information to any medium compatible with a remote processor suffers from the same disadvantages.
- this system needs a computer code which, too, must be deported.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a robust device which is insensitive to attack by electromagnetic fields and capable of transmitting a large quantity of signals over a reduced number of conductors, generally two.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a frequency multiplexer intended to supply the state and address of at least one all-or-nothing contact to an automation system via two conductors, characterized in that it comprises a means of generation of a frequency signal, a passive component electrically connected to a contact and a receiver capable of determining the state and address of said contact.
- the means for generating a frequency signal consists of a control stage and a power stage.
- control stage comprises a generator delivering a sinusoidal signal according to a cyclic frequency sweep managed by a time base.
- the power stage is connected to the two conductors either directly or through a transformer.
- the passive component is electrically mounted in series with the contact, each free end of the contact and of the component being connected to one of the conductors.
- each contact corresponds to a passive component, each component entering into resonance at a frequency specific to said component and all different from each other.
- the passive component has a low impedance at its resonant frequency.
- the passive component is of the ceramic or quartz filter or LC filter type (self and capacity).
- the receiver is able to measure a current supplied by the generation means in the conductor and to measure the voltage supplied by the generation means in the conductor.
- the receiver consists, for example, of a resistor, a measurement stage and a comparison stage.
- the comparison stage compares an amplitude of the signal delivered by the measurement stage with a predetermined set point.
- each amplitude of the signal is the image of the state of a contact.
- a very first advantage of the signal transmission device lies in the fact that it allows a large amount of information to be conveyed simply.
- Another advantage is that it allows a self test.
- the address of the contacts is determined by correlation between the frequency delivered by the generator and the known resonant frequency of each contact.
- Another advantage of the device according to the invention lies in the fact that it is particularly insensitive to disturbances caused by electromagnetic fields.
- Another advantage is that it significantly reduces manufacturing and maintenance costs because it does not use an active component, card or microprocessor near the contacts.
- Another advantage lies in the fact that the multiplexer autonomously detects its internal failures or failures occurring on the conductors.
- Another advantage lies in the fact that the device requires only a low level of signal in operation and therefore allows it to be used in explosive atmospheres, for example in the presence of petrol vapor.
- Figure 1 is a general diagram illustrating the device according to the invention
- Figure 2 is a representation of the internal constitution of the device according to an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 3 is a graph representative of the amplitude of the voltage or current at the output of the measurement stage superimposed on the cyclic frequency band emitted by the generation means.
- FIG. 1 shows a general diagram illustrating the invention in an industrial context, for example an automation or a robot. This diagram is divided in three parts 1, 2 and 3. Part 1 illustrates the creation of information which is transmitted, via part 2 consisting mainly of two conductors 2a and 2b, to part 3. Part 1 comprises a set of sensors 4 each represented in the form of contacts 5, 6, 7, 8,
- the number of contacts is not limited to the embodiment shown in this figure. These contacts are of the all or nothing type commonly called dry contacts. Each of them has two electrical connection ends 5a, ⁇ a, 7a, 8a, 9a and 5b, ⁇ b, 7b, 8b, 9b.
- the ends referenced “a” are electrically connected for example to one of the two conductors, here 2a.
- the other ends referenced “b” are electrically connected to the housing
- each passive component has two ends, one of which is electrically connected to the contact, for example 5b with 11b, 6b with 12b, etc. The technical characteristics of these passive components will be described later.
- the free ends 11a, 12a, 13a, 14a and 15a of the passive components are connected equipotentially with the other conductor, here 2b.
- Part 2 illustrates the two conductors 2a and 2b and the distance which separates the sensors 4 from a management system 16 of the automation.
- Part 3 represents this management system 16 in which there is a means of generation 17 of a frequency signal, a receiver 18 of the signals conveyed by the conductors 2a and 2b and a management module 19 of the type known as an automaton, a computer or computer capable of driving automation A.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a detailed example of embodiment. Note in this figure that the contacts 7 and 9 are conducting, that is to say that they are closed and allow the passage of current.
- Part 3 is partially represented by the generation means 17 and the receiver 18.
- the means 17 for generating a frequency signal is divided into a control stage 17a and a power stage 17b.
- the control stage 17a comprises, by way of illustration, an analog time base 20, or a digital synthesizer, connected to a generator 21 with variable frequency delivering a sinusoidal signal 28.
- This generator attacks the power stage 17b by connecting to an amplifier 22.
- the signal 28 evolves according to a frequency sweep.
- the amplifier 22 delivers a signal 28a of necessary and sufficient power.
- This signal 28a passes either directly into the conductors 2a and 2b, or through a transformer 23 which can advantageously be an isolation transformer. The latter then distributes the signal 28a in the form of a voltage and a current to the two conductors 2a and 2b.
- All the contacts from 5 to 9 are electrically connected to the passive components 11 to 15, and each assembly is therefore mounted in parallel on the conductors 2a and 2b.
- These passive components are, for example, ceramic filters, quartz or LC filters. The latter conventionally include a choke mounted in parallel with a capacitor.
- This assembly being known, it is not necessary to describe it in more detail.
- the technical characteristic of the passive component necessary for the device according to the invention is that it becomes substantially passing at its own resonant frequency. Indeed, the passage of signal 28a at the specific frequency of the component causes the latter to resonate, its impedance is then very low (substantially less than a hundred Ohms) thus causing an increase in the current consumed in the conductors 2a and 2b.
- each passive component resonates at a specific and known frequency.
- the number of contacts is unlimited and cannot be limited to the embodiment described in this figure.
- Two passive components 24 and 24a are electrically and directly connected to the conductors 2a and 2b, and this inside the generation means 17 and 24a as close as possible to the contacts. This arrangement makes it possible to obtain a means of automatic control of the device, the operation of which will be described later.
- the receiver 18 consists of a resistor 25 connected on one side to the isolation transformer 23 and on the other to a ground 26 of the device.
- the measurement stage 18a is electrically connected on the one hand to the resistor 25 and on the other hand to the comparison stage 18b via a stage 43 which supplies a DC voltage at 27b proportional to the amplitude of the input signal 27a.
- Stage 18b receives a comparison setpoint 50.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the shape of the signal on the link 27.
- the curve 29 in strong lines is the amplitude of the current consumed in the line of the resistor 25
- the curve 41 in dotted lines is the representation of the frequency sweep 42 which, as as can be seen, changes substantially linearly from a starting frequency 30 called low to an arrival frequency 31 said high in a cyclic manner and according to a period 32.
- This frequency sweep 42 therefore performs a frequency sweep continuously.
- Each dash 33 corresponds to a resonant frequency of each passive component.
- the peaks 38, 39 on the curve 29 are the image of the current consumption caused by the closure of the contacts 9 and 7 respectively.
- We materialized by a dashed line the setpoint 50 delivered to the comparison stage 18b. This setpoint takes on a value which cannot be reached by noise 51 or any parasite but which is greatly exceeded by peaks in voltage or current amplitude images of the closing of the contacts.
- the operation of the frequency multiplexer is as follows.
- the variable frequency generator 21 continuously delivers a sinusoidal signal which scans a frequency band between a low value 30 and a high value 31 along a ramp and according to a determined period 32 to form a sinusoidal signal 28a at variable frequency. This signal is transmitted to conductors 2a and 2b. If all the contacts mounted in parallel on the conductors 2a and 2b are open, the voltage amplitude supplied by the resistor 25 is constant whatever the frequency swept and is less than the setpoint 50. The current consumed in the conductors 2a and 2b is then weak.
- a peak 38 of amplitude of current in resistance 25 appears exclusively at the moment when the frequency swept by the generator 21 corresponds to the natural frequency of resonance of the passive component 13 electrically connected to contact 7. If the current amplitude exceeds the setpoint 50, a contact is considered to be conducting.
- the frequency of signal 28a when the current amplitude peak (s) occurs, is compared with the resonant frequency of each passive component. It is then easy to determine the address of the passing contact (s).
- the operating principle is identical for contact 9 or all the other contacts connected to conductors 2a and 2b.
- the operation of the automatic control means is as follows.
- the passive components 24 and 24a are connected directly to conductors 2a and 2b. As they are not slaved to the closing of a contact, these components become conducting each time that the frequency of the signal 28a corresponds to their own resonant frequency, that is to say that we observe two peaks of current amplitude 40 and 40a over each period of signal 28a.
- the presence of peak 40 therefore attests to the validity and proper functioning of the generation means 17, and the presence of peak 40a attests to the good condition of conductors 2a and 2b.
- the number of contacts is unlimited provided that each passive component associated with the contact uses a different frequency and that sufficient space is left between each frequency so that there is no overlap between the different bands of frequency of passive components.
- the scanning speed of the generator 21 and the scanning speed of the receiver 18 are necessarily greater than the switching speed of the contacts, this to avoid any loss of information.
- This frequency multiplexer is particularly insensitive to electromagnetic disturbances because each resonant frequency band of the passive components is particularly narrow. They are therefore vulnerable over an extremely low period. In addition, being free to use a frequency range of the generation means 17 makes it possible to shelter from disturbing frequencies. This multiplexer is able to operate in explosive atmospheres because the currents involved cannot cause sparks.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0016967A FR2818841B1 (fr) | 2000-12-22 | 2000-12-22 | Multiplexeur frequentiel |
| FR0016967 | 2000-12-22 | ||
| PCT/FR2001/004058 WO2002052520A1 (fr) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-19 | Multiplexeur frequentiel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1352372A1 true EP1352372A1 (fr) | 2003-10-15 |
Family
ID=8858148
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01994904A Withdrawn EP1352372A1 (fr) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-19 | Multiplexeur frequentiel |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1352372A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2818841B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2002052520A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES8701440A1 (es) * | 1984-02-09 | 1986-11-16 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Un multiplexor pasivo para procesar un apluralidad de condiciones |
| DE3915188C1 (en) * | 1989-05-10 | 1990-11-22 | Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De | Wireless interrogation and current supply method for switches - using capacitative and inductive elements corresp. to sec. winding of transformer |
| US6147420A (en) * | 1997-12-16 | 2000-11-14 | Lear Automotive Dearborn, Inc. | Wireless switching system |
-
2000
- 2000-12-22 FR FR0016967A patent/FR2818841B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-12-19 EP EP01994904A patent/EP1352372A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-12-19 WO PCT/FR2001/004058 patent/WO2002052520A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO02052520A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2818841B1 (fr) | 2004-02-20 |
| FR2818841A1 (fr) | 2002-06-28 |
| WO2002052520A1 (fr) | 2002-07-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20030604 |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
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| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO SI |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: DURAND, DIDIER |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: NEXTER ELECTRONICS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20091223 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18W | Application withdrawn |
Effective date: 20131001 |