EP1331690A1 - Base station antenna arrangement with adjustable beam - Google Patents

Base station antenna arrangement with adjustable beam Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1331690A1
EP1331690A1 EP02001533A EP02001533A EP1331690A1 EP 1331690 A1 EP1331690 A1 EP 1331690A1 EP 02001533 A EP02001533 A EP 02001533A EP 02001533 A EP02001533 A EP 02001533A EP 1331690 A1 EP1331690 A1 EP 1331690A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transmission power
transmission
solid angle
elements
value
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Granted
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EP02001533A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1331690B1 (en
Inventor
Karl-Georg Kettering
Markus Doetsch
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Siemens Schweiz AG
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Siemens Schweiz AG
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Priority to DE50206457T priority Critical patent/DE50206457D1/en
Priority to AT02001533T priority patent/ATE323953T1/en
Priority to EP02001533A priority patent/EP1331690B1/en
Priority to US10/345,488 priority patent/US20030171131A1/en
Publication of EP1331690A1 publication Critical patent/EP1331690A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1331690B1 publication Critical patent/EP1331690B1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for Radiating and receiving electromagnetic waves with a number of transmission elements and with one design-related spatially diversifiable Emission characteristics of a basic transmission power.
  • Such a device is described, for example, in the article by H. Briel, "Adaptive antennas", Funkschau, Issue 22, 1998, disclosed.
  • Cellular antennas are constructed as antenna arrays, in which are matrix-like transmitting and receiving elements are connected separately. It allows the separate Wiring when receiving, the so-called uplink Determining the location of the mobile transmitter, i.e. it is determined in detail by evaluating the phase and Amplitude position in the individual receiving elements of the incoming signal determines the direction from which Receive the transmission signal of the mobile transmitter (e.g. mobile phone) has been. Accordingly, when sending Signals to the mobile transmitter, i.e.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object Device for receiving and sending electromagnetic Specify waves that allow it particularly well, very complex Radiation diagrams while maintaining allow allowable limits.
  • This task is the beginning of a device mentioned type solved according to the invention in that an antenna structure and a driver logic circuit for the Transmitting elements are provided such that an individual Predefinable limitation depending on the direction and / or solid angle the basic transmission power to the maximum permissible transmission power in selectable directions or in selectable solid angles is provided.
  • the radiated Transmission power for certain directions and / or certain Solid angle down from normal to the rest Radiated directions and / or solid angle Basic transmission power deviates.
  • the antenna is so far easily dimensionable because of certain antenna parts certain directions and / or solid angles can be assigned and given values for these antenna parts for maximum permissible transmission power are predefined and therefore in this direction and / or in this solid angle maximum specified values for the transmission power are not can be exceeded.
  • a particularly low-radiation transmission variant results if by means of the driver circuit an adaptive transmission and Reception characteristics can be implemented. That way the beam particularly efficient for communication with a moving transmitter / receiver can be used.
  • moving with a moving transmitter / receiver Beam corresponding to the predetermined maximum permissible transmission power - as previously provided - decrease if the transceiver is in an area moved in, not with the usual Basic transmission power, but only with an opposite reduced transmission power is to be sent.
  • This limiting function can be implemented in a simple manner realized in the form of a programmable map be discretized for the direction or for the Solid angle Maximum values for the permissible transmission power be filed.
  • the map can e.g. so constructed be that a full beam angle of 360 ° in 10 ° steps divided corresponding values for the maximum permissible transmission power contains.
  • an after Map coordinates constructed map are provided at the azimuth angle ⁇ and the angle ⁇ also in 10 ° steps can be discretized and for each pair of angles ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) a corresponding value for the maximum permissible Transmission power is stored.
  • the limiting function is also considered a Programmable map is realized in which discretized for the direction or for the solid angle Attenuation values, i.e. Numbers greater than / equal to zero and are less than or equal to one, are stored with which the value multiply for the basic transmission power.
  • a another possible alternative is one Mitigation function that is considered to be continuously differentiable Function or can be constructed as a polynomial and as Function of the direction and / or as a function of the solid angle corresponding values for the intended, if necessary Reduction in transmission power supplies.
  • an array to provide individual transmission and reception elements, wherein a permissible maximum value for each transmitting and receiving element for the transmission power or an attenuation value for the Reduction in base transmission power is assigned.
  • This Array construction with which adaptive antenna systems are already compatible a single antenna mast is therefore predestined for this procedure with "protected" Transmission zones. It is to comply with the maximum permitted by definition for a protected zone Transmission power requires that the allowable maximum value or the attenuation value according to the number immediately adjacent to the same subscriber Transmitting and receiving elements is reduced. Otherwise, would otherwise be in phase due to the superposition radiated waves in the (desired) Overlapping areas of the radiation lobes excessive values for result in the transmission power.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a top view the 0dB line L of a circular radiating Cellular antenna A.
  • the cellular antenna A transmits a frequency of 925 to 960 MHz with a maximum System limit for the electric field strength of 4 V / m. In this way, the basic transmission power is defined.
  • the electrical field strength is inversely proportional to the simple distance from the cellular antenna A (far field).
  • Direction in degrees and multiplier for the basic transmission power in the corresponding directions Range (degrees) 0-30 31-68 69-242 243-265 266-292 293-320 321-359 multiplier 1.0 0.15 1.0 0.10 1.0 0.1 1.0
  • the table above shows how the Basic transmission performance in the areas that are particularly worth protecting is weakened. This table can be found here Driver device for the not shown Mobile radio antenna A can be stored in the manner of a map.
  • the function of the map is exemplary for yourself with a vehicle F moving along a route R.
  • Cellular subscriber explained that along this route R mobile phone.
  • the maximum is in the output area permissible transmission power equal to the basic transmission power. According to the quality of the radio connection and the measured
  • the level of uplink and downlink is due to the proximity to the cellular antenna certainly a clearly below that Basic power level is automatically on.
  • the cellular antenna A which in the exemplary embodiment as a array-like base station is allowed the tracking of the beam along the Direction of travel of the mobile subscriber on his Route R.
  • Weakening factor a significantly reduced value for the in permissible maximum transmission power in this range.
  • This reduced transmission power can be despite sending with the maximum allowed in this area Transmission power occur that a on the cellular antenna A Area covered by object 01 on the leeward side may no longer be sufficient Radiation density is supplied.
  • the remedy here Create antenna diversity where a second is in phase transmitting antenna is provided with her or her Beams this leeward area from another Can cover location from sufficient or supplementary.
  • FIG. 2 shows a unit ball E. with radius 1 and for reasons of clarity here only a solid angle RW in which only about 50% of the Basic transmission power may be sent. One in these Therefore, beam angle traveling in solid angle area is experienced so the intended reduction in the maximum allowable Transmission power.
  • Attenuation factor should be provided, the value of which with Number of senders immediately adjacent to a subscriber Transmission elements correlated. For example, with the Passing the beam from a transmitting element to next immediately adjacent transmission element Transmission power in favor of the previously leading transmission element the transmission power in the soon leading transmission element be reduced, i.e. the sum of these two Power emitted by transmitter elements is not greater than that maximum permitted radiated by a transmitting element Transmission power. This additional reduction in Transmission power in such an adjacent radiating Sending elements naturally do not only apply to the particularly protected radiation areas, but also for all other transmission areas in which with the Basic transmission power may be radiated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)

Abstract

The system has a number of transmission elements and a base transmission power radiation characteristic that can be spatially diversified dependent on its arrangement. An antenna structure and a driver logic circuit for the transmission elements are provided to enable individually definable direction and/or spatial angle-dependent limiting of the base transmission power to maximum permissible levels in selectable directions or spatial angles.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum Abstrahlen und Empfangen von elektromagnetischen Wellen mit einer Anzahl von Sendeelementen und mit einer auslegungsbedingten räumlich diversifizierbaren Abstrahlcharakteristik einer Grundsendeleistung.The invention relates to a device for Radiating and receiving electromagnetic waves with a number of transmission elements and with one design-related spatially diversifiable Emission characteristics of a basic transmission power.

Eine derartige Vorrichtung wird beispielsweise in dem Artikel von H. Briel, "Adaptive Antennen", Funkschau, Heft 22, 1998, offenbart. Die in diesem Artikel beschriebenen Mobilfunkantennen sind als Antennen-Arrays aufgebaut, in denen matrixartig angeordnete Sende-und Empfangselemente separat beschaltet sind. Dabei erlaubt es die separate Beschaltung beim Empfang, dem sogenannten Uplink, den Aufenthaltsort des mobilen Senders festzustellen, d.h. es wird im Einzelnen durch die Auswertung der Phasen- und Amplitudenlage in den einzelnen Empfangselementen des ankommenden Signals ermittelt, aus welcher Richtung das Sendesignal des mobilen Senders (z.B. Mobiltelefon) empfangen worden ist. Entsprechend kann dann beim Aussenden von Signalen an den mobilen Sender, d.h. beim sogenannten Downlink, entweder im Fixed Beam-Verfahren mit einzelnen Sendeelementen des Antennenarrays mit deren vergleichsweise schmalen Strahlungskeulen oder im Steered Beam-Verfahren unter Formung eines neuen Abstrahldiagramms durch die Verwendung mehrerer Sendeelemente mit entsprechend eingestellter Phasen- und Amplitudenbeziehung richtungsbezogen gesendet werden. Auf diese Weise kann ein besonders strahlungsarmer und kostengünstiger Verkehr zwischen der Mobilfunkantenne und dem mobilen Sender/Empfänger, also z.B. einem Handy, einem PDA usw. erzielt werden.Such a device is described, for example, in the article by H. Briel, "Adaptive antennas", Funkschau, Issue 22, 1998, disclosed. The ones described in this article Cellular antennas are constructed as antenna arrays, in which are matrix-like transmitting and receiving elements are connected separately. It allows the separate Wiring when receiving, the so-called uplink Determining the location of the mobile transmitter, i.e. it is determined in detail by evaluating the phase and Amplitude position in the individual receiving elements of the incoming signal determines the direction from which Receive the transmission signal of the mobile transmitter (e.g. mobile phone) has been. Accordingly, when sending Signals to the mobile transmitter, i.e. in the so-called Downlink, either in the fixed beam procedure with individual Transmitting elements of the antenna array with their comparative narrow beams or using the steered beam process forming a new radiation pattern by the Use of several transmission elements with accordingly set phase and amplitude relationship are sent directionally. In this way, a low-radiation and low-cost traffic between the cellular antenna and the mobile Sender / receiver, e.g. a cell phone, a PDA, etc. be achieved.

Weiterhin ungelöst ist es mit dieser Art des Betriebs von Mobilfunkantennen, dass gerade im Wege der adaptiven Vorgehensweise bestimmte Abstrahlcharakteristika, die sich aufgrund von örtlichen und gesetzlichen Beschränkungen ergeben können, nur durch ein aufwendiges Antennen-Diversity einstellen lassen. Trotzdem kann es dabei unumgänglich sein, dass z.B. in bestimmten Richtungen oder bestimmten Raumwinkeln sehr nahe an die zulässigen Grenzwerte für die nicht-ionisierende Strahlung herangegangen wird, obwohl der Betreiber der Mobilfunkantenne gewillt ist, diese Grenzwerte auch aus Gründen der öffentlichen Akzeptanz deutlich zu unterschreiten.With this type of operation it is still unsolved Cellular antennas that just by way of adaptive Approach specific radiation characteristics, the due to local and legal restrictions can only result from a complex antenna diversity let set. Nevertheless, it can be unavoidable that e.g. in certain directions or certain Solid angles very close to the permissible limit values for the non-ionizing radiation is approached, although the Operator of the cellular antenna is willing to meet these limits also for reasons of public acceptance below.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zum Empfangen und Senden von elektromagnetischen Wellen anzugeben, die es besonders gut erlaubt, sehr komplexe Abstrahldiagramme bei gleichzeitiger Einhaltung von zulässigen Grenzwerten zu ermöglichen.The invention is therefore based on the object Device for receiving and sending electromagnetic Specify waves that allow it particularly well, very complex Radiation diagrams while maintaining allow allowable limits.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass ein Antennenaufbau und eine Treiberlogikschaltung für die Sendeelemente derart vorgesehen sind, dass eine individuell vorgebbare richtungs- und/oder raumwinkelabhängige Begrenzung der Grundsendeleistung auf maximal zulässige Sendeleistungen in auswählbaren Richtungen bzw. in auswählbaren Raumwinkeln vorgesehen ist.This task is the beginning of a device mentioned type solved according to the invention in that an antenna structure and a driver logic circuit for the Transmitting elements are provided such that an individual Predefinable limitation depending on the direction and / or solid angle the basic transmission power to the maximum permissible transmission power in selectable directions or in selectable solid angles is provided.

Auf diese Weise ist es erzielt, dass die abgestrahlte Sendeleistung für bestimmte Richtungen und/oder bestimmte Raumwinkel nach unten von der normalen in die übrigen Richtungen und/oder Raumwinkel abgestrahlten Grundsendeleistung abweicht. Die Antenne ist dabei insofern leicht dimensionierbar, weil bestimmten Antennenteilen bestimmte Richtungen und/oder Raumwinkel zugewiesen werden und dabei für diese Antennenteile vorgegebene Werte für die maximal zulässige Sendeleistung vordefiniert gegeben sind und daher in dieser Richtung und/oder in diesem Raumwinkel maximal vorgegebene Werte für die Sendeleistung nicht überschritten werden können.In this way it is achieved that the radiated Transmission power for certain directions and / or certain Solid angle down from normal to the rest Radiated directions and / or solid angle Basic transmission power deviates. The antenna is so far easily dimensionable because of certain antenna parts certain directions and / or solid angles can be assigned and given values for these antenna parts for maximum permissible transmission power are predefined and therefore in this direction and / or in this solid angle maximum specified values for the transmission power are not can be exceeded.

Eine besonders strahlungsarme Sendevariante ergibt sich, wenn mittels der Treiberschaltung eine adaptive Sende- und Empfangscharakteristik umsetzbar ist. Auf diese Weise kann die Abstrahlkeule besonders effizient zur Kommunikation mit einem bewegten Sender/Empfänger genutzt werden. Zugleich kann sich die bei einem bewegten Sender/Empfänger mitbewegende Abstrahlkeule entsprechend der vorbestimmten maximal zulässigen Sendeleistung - wie vorher vorgesehen - verringern, wenn sich der Sender/Empfänger in einen Bereich hineinbewegt, in dem nicht mit der sonst üblichen Grundsendeleistung, sondern nur mit einer hiergegenüber verringerten Sendeleistung gesendet werden soll.A particularly low-radiation transmission variant results if by means of the driver circuit an adaptive transmission and Reception characteristics can be implemented. That way the beam particularly efficient for communication with a moving transmitter / receiver can be used. At the same time moving with a moving transmitter / receiver Beam corresponding to the predetermined maximum permissible transmission power - as previously provided - decrease if the transceiver is in an area moved in, not with the usual Basic transmission power, but only with an opposite reduced transmission power is to be sent.

In konstruktiv und schaltungstechnisch recht einfacher Weise lässt sich diese richtungs- bzw. raumwinkelabhängige Minderabstrahlung realisieren, wenn in der Treiberschaltung für die Antenne eine richtungs- und/oder raumwinkelabhängige Begrenzungsfunktion implementiert ist, mit der der Wert für die Grundsendeleistung in der entsprechenden Richtung bzw. in dem entsprechenden Raumwinkel überlagerbar ist.In a constructively and technically simple way this can be dependent on the direction or solid angle Realize less radiation when in the driver circuit for the antenna a direction and / or solid angle dependent Limiting function is implemented with which the value for the basic transmission power in the corresponding direction or in the corresponding solid angle can be superimposed.

In einfach umzusetzender Weise kann diese Begrenzungsfunktion in Form eines speicherprogrammierbaren Kennfeldes realisiert sein, in dem diskretisiert für die Richtung bzw. für den Raumwinkel Maximalwerte für die zulässige Sendeleistung abgelegt sein. Dabei kann das Kennfeld z.B. so aufgebaut sein, dass ein vollumfänglicher Abstrahlwinkel von 360° in 10°-Schritten unterteilt entsprechende Werte für die maximal zulässige Sendeleistung enthält. Alternativ kann ein nach Kugelkoordinaten aufgebautes Kennfeld vorgesehen sein, bei dem der Azimut-Winkel ϑ und der Winkel ϕ ebenfalls in 10°-Schritten diskretiert sein können und für jedes Winkelpaar (ϑ, ϕ) ein entsprechender Wert für die maximal zulässige Sendeleistung abgelegt ist. Alternativ ist es auch möglich, dass die Begrenzungsfunktion ebenfalls als ein speicherprogrammierbares Kennfeld realisiert ist, in dem diskretisiert für die Richtung bzw. für den Raumwinkel Abschwächungswerte, d.h. Zahlen, die grösser/gleich Null und kleiner/gleich Eins sind, abgelegt sind, mit denen der Wert für die Grundsendeleistung zu multiplizieren ist. Eine weitere mögliche Alternative besteht in einer Abschwächungsfunktion, die als stetig differenzierbare Funktion oder als Polynom aufgebaut sein kann und als Funktion der Richtung und/oder als Funktion des Raumwinkels entsprechende Werte für die bedarfsweise vorgesehene Verringerung der Sendeleistung liefert.This limiting function can be implemented in a simple manner realized in the form of a programmable map be discretized for the direction or for the Solid angle Maximum values for the permissible transmission power be filed. The map can e.g. so constructed be that a full beam angle of 360 ° in 10 ° steps divided corresponding values for the maximum permissible transmission power contains. Alternatively, an after Map coordinates constructed map are provided at the azimuth angle ϑ and the angle ϕ also in 10 ° steps can be discretized and for each pair of angles (ϑ, ϕ) a corresponding value for the maximum permissible Transmission power is stored. Alternatively, it is also possible that the limiting function is also considered a Programmable map is realized in which discretized for the direction or for the solid angle Attenuation values, i.e. Numbers greater than / equal to zero and are less than or equal to one, are stored with which the value multiply for the basic transmission power. A another possible alternative is one Mitigation function that is considered to be continuously differentiable Function or can be constructed as a polynomial and as Function of the direction and / or as a function of the solid angle corresponding values for the intended, if necessary Reduction in transmission power supplies.

Diesbezüglich ist es auch weiter möglich einen Array-Aufbau von einzelnen Sende- und Empfangselementen vorzusehen, wobei jedem Sende- und Empfangselement ein zulässiger Maximalwert für die Sendeleistung bzw. ein Abschwächungswert für die Verringerung der Grundsendeleistung zugewiesen ist. Dieser Array-Aufbau, mit dem sich adaptive Antennensysteme schon mit einem einzigen Antennenmast realisieren lassen, ist daher prädestiniert für diese Vorgehensweise mit "geschützten" Sendezonen. Dabei ist es zur Einhaltung der maximal definitionsgemäss für eine geschützte Zone zulässigen Sendeleistungerforderlich, dass der zulässiger Maximalwert bzw. der Abschwächungswert zudem entsprechend der Anzahl unmittelbar benachbarter zu demselben Teilnehmer sendender Sende- und Empfangselemente verringert ist. Anderenfalls würden sich sonst aufgrund der Superposition der phasengleich abgestrahlten Wellen in den (gewünschten) Überlappungsbereichen der Abstrahlkeulen überhöhte Werte für die Sendeleistung ergeben. In this regard, it is also possible to build an array to provide individual transmission and reception elements, wherein a permissible maximum value for each transmitting and receiving element for the transmission power or an attenuation value for the Reduction in base transmission power is assigned. This Array construction with which adaptive antenna systems are already compatible a single antenna mast is therefore predestined for this procedure with "protected" Transmission zones. It is to comply with the maximum permitted by definition for a protected zone Transmission power requires that the allowable maximum value or the attenuation value according to the number immediately adjacent to the same subscriber Transmitting and receiving elements is reduced. Otherwise, would otherwise be in phase due to the superposition radiated waves in the (desired) Overlapping areas of the radiation lobes excessive values for result in the transmission power.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den übrigen Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the other subclaims.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:

Figur 1
in schematischer Darstellung eine Aufsicht auf die 0dB-Linie einer Mobilfunkantenne mit einer Anzahl von geschützten Bereichen; und
Figur 2
eine Darstellung einer dreidimensionalen Funktion für die Abschwächung der Mobilfunksendeleistung bei einer als Array aufgebauten Mobilfunkantenne.
Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. Show:
Figure 1
a schematic representation of a view of the 0dB line of a mobile radio antenna with a number of protected areas; and
Figure 2
a representation of a three-dimensional function for the weakening of the mobile radio transmission power in a mobile radio antenna constructed as an array.

Figur 1 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung eine Aufsicht auf die 0dB-Linie L einer kreisrund abstrahlenden Mobilfunkantenne A. Die Mobilfunkantenne A sendet dabei auf einer Frequenz von 925 bis 960 MHz mit einem maximalen Anlagengrenzwert für die elektrischen Feldstärke von 4 V/m. Damit wird auf diese Weise die Grundsendeleistung definiert.Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a top view the 0dB line L of a circular radiating Cellular antenna A. The cellular antenna A transmits a frequency of 925 to 960 MHz with a maximum System limit for the electric field strength of 4 V / m. In this way, the basic transmission power is defined.

Bedingt durch eine Reihe von Objekten O1 bis O6 existeren jedoch auch eine ganze Reihe von Bereichen, in denen mit dieser Grundsendeleistung nicht abgestrahlt werden darf. In den Bereichen mit den Objekten O1 und O2, vorliegend Häuser, in denen sich Personen regelmässig während längerer Zeit aufhalten, sind die Sendeleistung erheblich zu verringern, um einen bestmöglichen Schutz der Personen gewährleisten können. Aus diesem Grund wird in diesen Richtungen auslegungsbedingt mit einer elektrischen Feldstärke gesendet, die am Ort dieser Objekte O1, O2 maximal 0,4 V/m erreicht. In einem weiteren Bereich mit den Objekten O3 bis O6 wird mit einer demgegenüber etwas höheren elektrischen Feldstärke von 0,6 V/m abgestrahlt, weil hier die besonders schützenswerte Bereiche etwas weiter von der Mobilfunkantenne A entfernt sind als die Objekte O1 und O2. Die elektrische Feldstärke verhält sich dabei umgekehrt proportional zum einfachen Abstand von der Mobilfunkantenne A (Fernfeld). Richtung in Winkelgrad und Mulitplikator für die Grundsendeleistung in den entsprechenden Richtungen Bereich (Grad) 0-30 31-68 69-242 243-265 266-292 293-320 321-359 Multiplikator 1,0 0,15 1,0 0,10 1,0 0,1 1,0 Due to a number of objects O1 to O6, however, there are also a whole range of areas in which this basic transmission power may not be used for radiation. In the areas with objects O1 and O2, in the present case houses, in which people regularly stay for a long time, the transmission power must be reduced considerably in order to ensure the best possible protection for people. For this reason, due to the design, transmission takes place with an electric field strength that reaches a maximum of 0.4 V / m at the location of these objects O1, O2. In another area with objects O3 to O6, the radiation is at a somewhat higher electric field strength of 0.6 V / m, because here the areas that are particularly worth protecting are a little further away from the cellular antenna A than objects O1 and O2. The electrical field strength is inversely proportional to the simple distance from the cellular antenna A (far field). Direction in degrees and multiplier for the basic transmission power in the corresponding directions Range (degrees) 0-30 31-68 69-242 243-265 266-292 293-320 321-359 multiplier 1.0 0.15 1.0 0.10 1.0 0.1 1.0

Die voranstehende Tabelle zeigt, in welcher Weise die Grundsendeleistung in den besonders schützenswerten Bereichen abgeschwächt wird. Diese Tabelle kann dabei in einer hier nicht weiter dargestellten Treibereinrichtung für die Mobilfunkantenne A nach Art eines Kennfeldes abgelegt sein.The table above shows how the Basic transmission performance in the areas that are particularly worth protecting is weakened. This table can be found here Driver device for the not shown Mobile radio antenna A can be stored in the manner of a map.

Die Funktion des Kennfeldes sei beispielshaft für einen sich mit einem Fahrzeug F entlang einer Route R bewegenden Mobilfunkteilnehmer erläutert, der entlang dieser Route R mobiltelefoniert. In dem Ausgangsbereich ist die maximal zulässige Sendeleistung gleich der Grundsendeleistung. Entsprechend der Güte der Funkverbindung und der gemessenen Pegel bei Up- und Downlink stellt sich hier aufgrund der Nähe zur Mobilfunkantenne sicher ein deutlich unterhalb der Grundsendeleistung liegender Pegel selbsttätig ein.The function of the map is exemplary for yourself with a vehicle F moving along a route R. Cellular subscriber explained that along this route R mobile phone. The maximum is in the output area permissible transmission power equal to the basic transmission power. According to the quality of the radio connection and the measured The level of uplink and downlink is due to the proximity to the cellular antenna certainly a clearly below that Basic power level is automatically on.

Die Mobilfunkantenne A, die im Ausführungsbeispiel als eine arrayartig aufgebaute Basisstation ausgestaltet ist, erlaubt die Nachführung der Abstrahlkeuel entlang der Fortbewegungsrichtung des Mobilfunkteilnehmers auf seiner Route R. Beim Eintritt in die geschützte Zone um Objekt O1 gilt nun jedoch aufgrund des im Kennfeld abgelegten Schwächungsfaktors ein deutlich verringerter Wert für die in diesem Bereich zulässige maximale Sendeleistung. Damit verringert sich die Leistung der in dieser Zone zu dem Mobilfunkteilnehmer abgestrahlten Mobilfunkwellen. Als Konsequenz dieser verringerten Sendeleistung kann es trotz des Sendens mit der in diesem Bereich zulässigen maximalen Sendeleistung vorkommen, dass ein auf die Mobilfunkantenne A bezogener vom Objekt 01 leeseitig gelegener Bereich möglicherweise nicht mehr mit einer ausreichenden Strahlungsdichte versorgt ist. Abhilfe kann hier das Antennendiversity schaffen, bei dem eine zweite phasengleich sendende Antenne vorgesehen ist, die mit ihrer oder ihren Abstrahlkeulen diesen leeseitigen Bereich von einem anderen Standort aus ausreichend oder ergänzend abdecken kann.The cellular antenna A, which in the exemplary embodiment as a array-like base station is allowed the tracking of the beam along the Direction of travel of the mobile subscriber on his Route R. When entering the protected zone around object O1 however, now applies due to the one stored in the map Weakening factor a significantly reduced value for the in permissible maximum transmission power in this range. In order to the performance of that zone decreases to that Cellular subscribers emitted cellular waves. As The consequence of this reduced transmission power can be despite sending with the maximum allowed in this area Transmission power occur that a on the cellular antenna A Area covered by object 01 on the leeward side may no longer be sufficient Radiation density is supplied. The remedy here Create antenna diversity where a second is in phase transmitting antenna is provided with her or her Beams this leeward area from another Can cover location from sufficient or supplementary.

Mit dem Herausbewegen des Mobilfunkteilnehmer entlang seiner Route R aus diesem geschützen Bereich steigt nun entsprechend mit der maximal zulässigen Sendeleistung auch die Reichweite in diesem Bereich wieder auf den Wert der Transmission mit Grundsendeleistung. Hiervon wird der Mobilfunkteilnehmer im vorliegenden Fall voraussichtlich nichts merken, weil die ihn betreffende Funkverbindung aufgrund seiner geringen Entfernung von der Mobilfunkantenne A mit einer erheblich niedrigeren Sendeleistung auskommt. Ungeachtetdessen wird jedoch bei dem auf dem TDMA-Verfahren beruhenden Mobilfunk mindestens einer der acht Zeitschlitze (Slots) zur Übertragung des Kontrollkanals genutzt, so dass eine im Ruhezustand befindliche Basisstation selbst ohne das Vorhandensein von Kommunikation mit Teilnehmern permanent und auf maximaler Leistung auf allen acht Kanälen pro Zelle den Kontrollkanal sendet. Diese Eigenschaft ist auch den gegenüber dem GSM-Standard fortgeschrittenen Datendiensten, wie HSCSD, GPRS und EDGE, gemeinsam.With the mobile subscriber moving out along his Route R from this protected area now rises accordingly with the maximum permissible transmission power also the range in this area again with the value of transmission Basic transmit power. Of this, the mobile subscriber in This case is unlikely to notice anything because of him concerned radio connection due to its low Distance from the cellular antenna A with a significant gets lower transmission power. Nevertheless however, in the case of the mobile radio based on the TDMA method at least one of the eight time slots Transmission of the control channel used so that an in Base station in hibernation mode even without that Existence of communication with participants permanently and for maximum performance on all eight channels per cell Control channel sends. This property is also the data services that are more advanced than the GSM standard, like HSCSD, GPRS and EDGE, together.

Mit Bezug auf die Figur 2 findet sich dort ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer array-artig aufgebauten Mobilfunkantenne A. Auch im vorliegenden Fall ist die Begrenzung der maximal zulässigen Sendeleistung vorgesehen. Es wird jedoch ein dreidimensionales Kennfeld für die Abschwächungsfaktoren vorgegeben, das entsprechend nach Kugelkoordinaten aufgebaut ist. Es ergeben sich so im vorliegenden Kontext als Raumwinkel bezeichnete Raumsegmente, die ggfs. mit einer gegenüber der Grundsendeleistung verringerten maximal zulässigen Sendeleistung beaufschlagt werden dürfen. Die Figur 2 zeigt daher eine Einheitskugel E mit dem Radius 1 und aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit hier nur einen Raumwinkel RW, in dem nur mit etwa 50% der Grundsendeleistung gesendet werden darf. Eine in diesen Raumwinkelbereich hereinwandernde Abstrahlkeule erfährt daher so die beabsichtigte Verringerung der maximal zulässigen Sendeleistung.With reference to Figure 2 there is another Embodiment with an array-like structure Cellular antenna A. In the present case, too Limitation of the maximum permissible transmission power provided. However, it becomes a three-dimensional map for the Mitigation factors specified, according to Sphere coordinates is built up. It results in existing context called spatial segments, if necessary with a compared to the basic transmission power reduced maximum permissible transmission power may be. FIG. 2 therefore shows a unit ball E. with radius 1 and for reasons of clarity here only a solid angle RW in which only about 50% of the Basic transmission power may be sent. One in these Therefore, beam angle traveling in solid angle area is experienced so the intended reduction in the maximum allowable Transmission power.

Wegen der engen räumlichen Überlappung von Abstrahlkeulen, die von benachbart angeordneten Sendeelementen des Antennenarrays abgestrahlt werden, kann zudem neben den vorstehend beschriebenen Abschwächungswerten ein weiterer Abschwächungsfaktor vorgesehen sein, dessen Wert mit der Anzahl unmittelbar benachbart zu einem Teilnehmer sendender Sendeelemente korreliert. So kann beispielsweise mit dem Übertreten der Abstrahlkeule von einem Sendeelement zum nächsten unmittelbar benachbarten Sendeelement die Sendeleistung in dem bisher führenden Sendeelement zugunsten der Sendeleistung in dem demnächst führenden Sendeelement verringert werden, d.h. die in Summe dieser beiden Sendeelemente abgestrahlte Leistung ist nicht grösser als die von einem Sendeelement zulässigerweise abgestrahlte maximale Sendeleistung. Diese zusätzliche Verringerung der Sendeleistung bei derart benachbart abstrahlenden Sendeelementen gilt dabei selbstverständlich nicht nur für die besonders geschützten Abstrahlbereiche, sondern auch für alle übrigen Sendebereiche, in denen mit der Grundsendeleistung abgestrahlt werden darf.Because of the close spatial overlap of beams, that of adjacent arranged transmission elements of the Antenna arrays can be emitted, in addition to the attenuation values described above are another Attenuation factor should be provided, the value of which with Number of senders immediately adjacent to a subscriber Transmission elements correlated. For example, with the Passing the beam from a transmitting element to next immediately adjacent transmission element Transmission power in favor of the previously leading transmission element the transmission power in the soon leading transmission element be reduced, i.e. the sum of these two Power emitted by transmitter elements is not greater than that maximum permitted radiated by a transmitting element Transmission power. This additional reduction in Transmission power in such an adjacent radiating Sending elements naturally do not only apply to the particularly protected radiation areas, but also for all other transmission areas in which with the Basic transmission power may be radiated.

Es ist daher durch einfache mathematische Mittel in der Treiberlogik möglich, durch die separate Ansteuerung der einzelnen Sendeelemente die gewünschte Abstrahlkeule synthetisch zusammenzusetzen und dabei die entsprechenden Werte für die maximal zulässige Sendeleistung, die im Kennfeld oder als analytische Funktion der Richtung oder des Raumwinkels abgelegt sind, zu unterschreiten.It is therefore by simple mathematical means in the Driver logic possible through the separate control of the individual transmission elements the desired beam put together synthetically and thereby the corresponding Values for the maximum permissible transmission power, which in the Map or as an analytical function of the direction or the Solid angle are dropped below.

Auf diese Weise gelingt es ganz allgemein, im besonderen natürlich bei adaptiv arbeitenden Basisstationen, die einzelnen Antennenelemente so anzusteuern, dass vorherig definierte besonders zu schützende Bereiche auch tatsächlich nur mit der zulässigen Sendeleistung bedient werden.In this way it succeeds in general, in particular of course with adaptive base stations that to control individual antenna elements so that previously actually defined areas to be protected can only be operated with the permissible transmission power.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

AA
Mobilfunkantennecellular antenna
Ee
Einheitskugelunit sphere
FF
Fahrzeugvehicle
LL
0dB-Linie0dB line
O1 bis O6O1 to O6
Objekteobjects
RWRW
Raumwinkelsolid angle
x, y, zx, y, z
karthesische KoordinatenCartesian coordinates
rr
Radius der EinheitskugelRadius of the unit sphere
RR
Routeroute

Claims (7)

Vorrichtung (A) zum Abstrahlen und Empfangen von elektromagnetischen Wellen mit einer Anzahl von Sendeelementen und mit einer auslegungsbedingten räumlich diversifizierbaren Abstrahlcharakteristik einer Grundsendeleistung,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
ein Antennenaufbau und eine Treiberlogikschaltung für die Sendeelemente derart vorgesehen sind, dass eine individuell vorgebbare richtungs- und/oder raumwinkelabhängige Begrenzung der Grundsendeleistung auf maximal zulässige Sendeleistungen in auswählbaren Richtungen bzw. in auswählbaren Raumwinkeln (RW) vorgesehen ist.
Device (A) for radiating and receiving electromagnetic waves with a number of transmission elements and with a design-related spatially diversifiable radiation characteristic of a basic transmission power,
characterized in that
an antenna structure and a driver logic circuit are provided for the transmission elements in such a way that an individually definable directional and / or solid angle-dependent limitation of the basic transmission power to maximum permissible transmission powers in selectable directions or in selectable solid angles (RW) is provided.
Vorrichtung (A) nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
eine adaptive Sende- und Empfangscharakteristik vorgesehen ist.
Device (A) according to claim 1,
characterized in that
an adaptive transmission and reception characteristic is provided.
Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
eine richtungs- und/oder raumwinkelabhängige Begrenzungsfunktion vorgesehen ist, mit der der Wert für die Grundsendeleistung in der entsprechenden Richtung bzw. in dem entsprechenden Raumwinkel (RW) überlagerbar ist.
Device according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
a directional and / or solid angle-dependent limiting function is provided, with which the value for the basic transmission power can be superimposed in the corresponding direction or in the corresponding solid angle (RW).
Vorrichtung (A) nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Begrenzungsfunktion als ein speicherprogrammierbares Kennfeld realisiert ist, in dem diskretisiert für die Richtung bzw. für den Raumwinkel (RW) Maximalwerte für die zulässige Sendeleistung abgelegt sind.
Device (A) according to claim 3,
characterized in that
the limiting function is implemented as a programmable map in which maximum values for the permissible transmission power are stored discretely for the direction or for the solid angle (RW).
Vorrichtung (A) nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Begrenzungsfunktion als ein speicherprogrammierbares Kennfeld realisiert ist, in dem diskretisiert für die Richtung bzw. für den Raumwinkel (RW) Abschwächungswerte, d.h. reelle Zahlen, die grösser/gleich Null und kleiner/gleich Eins sind, abgelegt sind, mit denen der Wert für die Grundsendeleistung zu multiplizieren ist.
Device (A) according to claim 3,
characterized in that
the limiting function is implemented as a programmable map in which attenuation values, i.e. real numbers greater than / equal to zero and less than / equal to one, are stored discretely for the direction or for the solid angle (RW) with which the value for the Multiply the basic transmission power.
Vorrichtung (A) nach Anspruch 4 oder 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
ein Array-Aufbau von einzelnen Sende- und Empfangselementen vorgesehen ist, wobei jedem Sende- und Empfangselement ein zulässiger Maximalwert für die Sendeleistung bzw. ein Abschwächungswert für die Verringerung der Grundsendeleistung zugewiesen ist.
Device (A) according to claim 4 or 5,
characterized in that
an array structure of individual transmission and reception elements is provided, with each transmission and reception element being assigned a permissible maximum value for the transmission power or an attenuation value for the reduction in the basic transmission power.
Vorrichtung (A) nach Anspruch 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der zulässiger Maximalwert bzw. der Abschwächungswert zudem entsprechend der Anzahl unmittelbar benachbarter sendender Sende- und Empfangselemente verringert ist.
Device (A) according to claim 6,
characterized in that
the permissible maximum value or the attenuation value is also reduced in accordance with the number of immediately adjacent transmitting and receiving elements.
EP02001533A 2002-01-23 2002-01-23 Base station antenna arrangement with adjustable beam Expired - Lifetime EP1331690B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE50206457T DE50206457D1 (en) 2002-01-23 2002-01-23 Mobile radio antenna system with adjustable directional behavior
AT02001533T ATE323953T1 (en) 2002-01-23 2002-01-23 MOBILE RADIO ANTENNA SYSTEM WITH ADJUSTABLE DIRECTIONAL BEHAVIOR
EP02001533A EP1331690B1 (en) 2002-01-23 2002-01-23 Base station antenna arrangement with adjustable beam
US10/345,488 US20030171131A1 (en) 2002-01-23 2003-01-17 Mobile radiotelephone antenna array with adjustable directional characteristic

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02001533A EP1331690B1 (en) 2002-01-23 2002-01-23 Base station antenna arrangement with adjustable beam

Publications (2)

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EP1331690A1 true EP1331690A1 (en) 2003-07-30
EP1331690B1 EP1331690B1 (en) 2006-04-19

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ID=8185329

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EP (1) EP1331690B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE323953T1 (en)
DE (1) DE50206457D1 (en)

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BRPI0416645A (en) * 2003-11-24 2007-01-16 Interdigital Tech Corp Method and apparatus for using directional beam antenna in wireless transmission and reception unit
WO2007003205A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-11 Telecom Italia S.P.A. Method and system for selecting radiation diagrams of antennas for mobile-radio communication networks
WO2017198293A1 (en) * 2016-05-18 2017-11-23 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) First communication device and methods performed thereby for managing beamforming by a second communication device for transmission of a signal
EP3518587B1 (en) * 2018-01-26 2022-04-06 Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy Regulating transmission powers from nodes
EP3864772A4 (en) * 2018-10-09 2022-06-15 Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) Method and apparatus for power control

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US20030171131A1 (en) 2003-09-11
ATE323953T1 (en) 2006-05-15
EP1331690B1 (en) 2006-04-19

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