EP1330865A1 - Procede et circuit de commande par impulsions d'un composant de puissance - Google Patents
Procede et circuit de commande par impulsions d'un composant de puissanceInfo
- Publication number
- EP1330865A1 EP1330865A1 EP01983661A EP01983661A EP1330865A1 EP 1330865 A1 EP1330865 A1 EP 1330865A1 EP 01983661 A EP01983661 A EP 01983661A EP 01983661 A EP01983661 A EP 01983661A EP 1330865 A1 EP1330865 A1 EP 1330865A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- winding
- power
- current
- regeneration
- windings
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 102
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 abstract description 36
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/081—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters wherein the phase of the control voltage is adjustable with reference to the AC source
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC
- H02M5/04—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
- H02M5/22—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M5/25—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M5/257—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M5/2573—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with control circuit
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the control of power semiconductor components.
- the present invention relates more particularly to the pulse control of semiconductor power components used as switches and switching a load supplied by an alternating network.
- the most common static power switches are thyristors and triacs. Structures derived from these devices are also used which can combine several thyristors and use MOS transistors or else bipolar transistors in the gate circuit.
- Thyristor type devices are initialized in the open position at each alternation of the network. In the hypothesis where the power switch must be kept in the closed position, it is necessary, at each alternation of the network, to apply adequate control signals to it.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a circuit or a method making it possible, from a single control pulse, to ensure the switching on or blocking of the switch during several alternations until a contrary order be provided.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide such a circuit or method having the following characteristics: storage of the control signal without limitation of duration; -memory very faithful and in particular insensitive to external electrical disturbances as well as temperature and mechanical conditions;
- the present invention provides for the storage of the control pulse or writing pulse in the form of magnetic induction in a toroid made of ferromagnetic material.
- the present invention provides a control circuit for a power semiconductor component, comprising a ferromagnetic material core having at least one input winding, at least one interrogation winding, at least one read winding intended for be connected to the control terminals of the power component, and at least one regeneration winding.
- the power component is inserted in a power circuit supplied with alternating current, in which at least one of the interrogation windings receives a pulse of polarity given at the start of each alternation of the voltage applied to the power circuit that the component is likely to pass; and the regeneration windings are in series with the power component.
- the power component is a unidirectional component that can be controlled by pulse and defuses when the current flowing through it is canceled.
- the power component is bidirectional and is inserted in a power circuit supplied with alternating current, two windings are used to regenerate the magnetic state; and each regeneration winding is traversed by the current corresponding to one of the two half-waves.
- the power component consists of two thyristors mounted in parallel and in opposition, the read winding controls a bipolar transistor connected to supply the triggers of the thyristors; and a regeneration winding is placed in series with each thyristor.
- the power component is a triac
- the read winding is connected to the trigger of the triac
- two diodes mounted head to tail are placed in series with the two regeneration windings.
- the power component consists of two thyristors controlled by an MOS transistor, the two thyristors are placed in series and in opposition; each thyristor is connected, separately, to a read winding and to a regeneration winding; and a diode is placed in parallel on each thyristor and its associated regeneration winding.
- the present invention also provides a method for controlling a power semiconductor device, comprising the following steps: providing a toroid made of ferromagnetic material with at least four windings; applying to a first winding a positive or negative writing pulse; applying a second polarity interrogation pulse to a second winding; using as voltage control signal the voltage appearing on a third winding and resulting from the application of the interrogation pulse; and regenerate by action on a fourth winding the magnetic state prior to the interrogation.
- FIG. 1 shows in a way schematically a control circuit according to the present invention
- FIG. 2A represents a hysteresis cycle in a saturated ferromagnetic material
- Figure 2B shows a torus with a winding
- FIG. 2C represents the electrical diagram of a winding and indicates the conventions of the direction of the winding, the direction of the current and the direction of the voltage across the terminals of this winding
- FIG. 3 represents a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4A represents the timing diagram of the writing current of the first embodiment
- FIG. 4B represents the timing diagram of the magnetic induction in the torus of the first embodiment
- FIG. 4C represents the timing diagram of the alternations of the load supply network
- FIG. 4D represents the timing diagram of the interrogation current according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4E represents the timing diagram of the reading current according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4F represents the timing diagram of the current switched in the load according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 represents an insulated control gate thyristor (IGTH) usable in the first embodiment
- FIG. 6 represents a second embodiment of the invention where the power device is a device switching an alternating current
- FIG. 7 represents a third embodiment of the invention where the power device is a triac
- FIG. IGTH insulated control gate thyristor
- FIG. 8A proposes a generic diagram for switching the two half-waves from unidirectional current power devices
- FIG. 8B proposes a second generic diagram for switching the two half-waves of an alternating voltage source from unidirectional current devices
- FIG. 9 represents a fourth embodiment of the invention where two IGTH devices are used to control the two half-waves of the network.
- homologous elements are indicated by the same references.
- FIG. 1 represents a control system for a semiconductor component Sw, according to the invention. This component is placed in series with a load Z, supplied by an alternative network Ns.
- the control system comprises a torus T made of ferromagnetic material associated with at least four windings e, i, l, r.
- the winding We is connected to the input El of the system.
- the winding Wi named winding- interrogation ment, is connected to the alternative network.
- the winding Wl called the read winding, is connected to the control of the power device Sw.
- the current in the winding Wr called the regeneration winding, is linked to the current flowing through the load Z.
- control circuit The operation of the control circuit is as follows.
- a pulse applied in El creates a magnetic induction in the torus T, through the writing winding We.
- the direction of this induction depends on the direction of the pulse: it is positive or negative depending on whether one wants to control the closing or opening of the switch Sw.
- An interrogation phase takes place, in the general case, at the start of each alternation of the network.
- the winding Wi is connected to the network so that a magnetic induction, for example positive, is imposed in the torus T.
- the variation in the flux of the magnetic induction, generated in the torus during the interrogation phase is taken into account by the reading winding W1. If this variation is zero, there is no electrical read signal. If this variation is not zero an electromotive force appears at the terminals of Wl. This electromotive force creates a voltage or a current allowing the switching on of the switch Sw.
- the pulse applied to the input El corresponds to a command to turn on the power switch Sw
- this switch will be set to the on state at each alternation of the network without it being necessary to repeat the writing impulse and without time limitation.
- a new pulse on the input El will not cause any change of state of the switch Sw if it is identical to the previous one and will reverse this state if it is of opposite sign to the previous one and of sufficient amplitude.
- the magnetic induction When the magnetic field continues to decrease, the magnetic induction remains at its level (+ Bmax) as long as the applied magnetic field is not less than the coercive field -Hc. When the magnetic field becomes lower than this coercive field -Hc, the magnetic induction switches from + Bmax to -Bmax. This last value is maintained even if the magnetic field becomes zero again.
- FIG. 2B is a perspective view of a torus T usable in the present invention.
- the windings consist of a few turns of insulated electrical wire surrounding the ferromagnetic material of the torus.
- Ie (+ Bmax) is defined as the minimum intensity of the writing current allowing an induction + Bmax to be obtained.
- the (-Bmax) is the intensity of the write current generating an induction -Bmax.
- FIG. 2C the torus and the winding We are shown diagrammatically by a representation of self.
- the current is positive when it comes in through the pointed end of the choke.
- the dot on the choke marks the direction of the winding.
- the magnetic field is positive.
- a possible electromotive force Ne is shown, as well as its positive direction in FIG. 2C.
- FIG. 3 is an electrical diagram of a first embodiment of the invention.
- the power semiconductor component used as a switch is a thyristor Th.
- the control of this thyristor is constituted by a toroid comprising four windings We, Wi, Wl, Wr.
- the winding We is connected to the input El. It is assumed that a pulse of the negative writing current flowing through We controls the conductive state of the thyristor. Consequently, a positive pulse must control the blocked state of the thyristor.
- the interrogation winding Wi is connected between the anode and the thyristor cathode.
- a device D is preferably provided in series with the winding Wi. Device D has two functions.
- this device D allows the current to flow only at the start of each positive alternation of the network, on the other hand the device D limits the current in the winding Wi.
- the state of magnetic induction will be queried at the start of each positive alternation of the network.
- These positive half-waves correspond to the passing direction of the thyristor.
- the direction of the windings in Figure 3 represents that this interrogation is done by imposing a positive magnetic induction.
- the reading winding W1 is connected in parallel between the cathode and the trigger of the thyristor.
- a resistor R limits the current in this branch of the circuit.
- the winding W1 If the flux of the magnetic induction changes during the interrogation phase, the winding W1 generates a positive electromotive force and consequently a negative current in the trigger of the thyristor. This trigger current only exists if the write pulse has generated a negative magnetic induction. This current makes the thyristor conductive during the alternation positive.
- the regeneration winding Wr is placed in series with the thyristor. It is traversed by the main current Is.
- the timing diagram of FIG. 4A represents at instant ta a negative current pulse le, applied to the input
- the timing diagram of FIG. 4B represents the magnetic induction B in the torus. This induction is negative just after time ta and positive after time tb.
- the timing diagram of FIG. 4C represents the voltage Ns of the alternating network.
- the instant t1 is the start of the first positive half-wave after the instant ta.
- the instant t2 corresponds to the end of this first positive half-wave.
- the instant t3 corresponds to the start of the second positive half-wave.
- the timing diagram of FIG. 4D represents the current Ii in the interrogation winding Wi. At the instant t1 the thyristor is blocked because there is no voltage across its terminals and it is assumed that the main current Is is zero. As the network voltage increases, this voltage is found at the terminals of the device D current limiter and circuit breaker. This device D allows the current Ii to pass as long as it is less than Ii (+ Bmax). For Ii greater than Ii (+ Bmax) the device D cuts the current in the winding Wi. At the moment when Ii is equal to Ii (+ Bmax), the magnetic field in the torus switches from -Bmax to + Bmax as shown in the timing diagram 4B.
- the current in the thyristor is, to the nearest sign, the current in the regeneration winding.
- the chronogram of FIG. 4F represents this regeneration current which remains until the end t2 of the positive alternation. It imposes a negative magnetic induction -Bmax in the torus as 1 'illustrates the timing diagram of Figure 4B. During the negative alternation there is no interrogation because the device D does not allow the current to pass and thus the magnetic state of the torus remains unchanged.
- the thyristor Th is replaced by a thyristor controlled by a MOS transistor.
- the diagram of such a device constituting an insulated gate thyristor (IGTH) is represented in FIG. 5.
- the operation is similar to that of the first embodiment.
- the winding W1 must then generate a voltage greater than the threshold voltage of the MOS transistor to unblock the thyristor. This tension is proportional to the number of turns of the winding Wl and is therefore easy to adjust.
- FIG. 6 represents a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the power device operates with two alternations of the network.
- the Swl device consists of two anode gate thyristors, Tl and T2, mounted in parallel and in opposition, each being capable of passing the current corresponding to one of the two alternations of the network.
- the triggers of these two thyristors are connected and connected to the collector of a bipolar control transistor T3.
- the cathode of thyristor T1 is connected to one anode of thyristor T2 and to the base of transistor T3.
- the anode of thyristor T1 and the cathode of thyristor T2 are connected to each other through respectively Wrl and Wr2 windings.
- the control of this bidirectional power device uses a toroid with We, Wi, Wl, Wrl and Wr2 windings.
- the winding We is connected to the input and its operation has been described in relation to FIG. 3.
- the interrogation of the magnetic state is done by the winding Wi.
- the winding Wi is connected to the terminals of the power switch through a full-wave rectifier bridge Pr.
- Another equivalent solution consists in using two windings Wi each supplied by the one of the two half-waves through a diode and connected in such a way that the magnetic induction produced is always positive.
- FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment of the present invention using a bidirectional device of the triac type.
- the triac trigger is connected to the reading winding W1 and is triggered by the current induced in this winding during the reading phase.
- the current corresponding to the positive alternation and that corresponding to the negative alternation of the supply network.
- the present invention is adaptable to many unidirectional devices mounted in such a way that they use the two half-waves of the alternating network. Such arrangements are shown in Figures 8A and 8B.
- FIG. 8A represents two thyristors IGTH1 and IGTH2 controlled by a MOS and connected in series and in opposition.
- the IGTH1 thyristor anode is connected to the IGTH2 thyristor anode.
- Two diodes D5 and D6 are placed in parallel on the thyristors IGTH1 and IGTH2 respectively.
- diodes are mounted in opposition on the thyristors in such a way that when the thyristor IGTH1 conducts, the diode D5 is blocked.
- the current can pass through the diode D6 and the thyristor IGTH1 or else the diode D5 and the thyristor IGTH2 according to its direction.
- This type of assembly allows bidirectional use of the two thyristors controlled by a MOS transistor.
- each thyristor must support a reverse voltage which can be significant.
- FIG. 9 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- Two thyristors IGTH1 and IGTH2 controlled by a MOS transistor are mounted as in FIG. 8A.
- the control of these thyristors is carried out using a ferromagnetic material toroid which comprises the following windings: We, Wi, W15 and W16, Wr5 and Wr6.
- the system shown in Figure 9 uses the two alternations of the network.
- the connections and functions of the windings We and Wi have been described previously, in particular with the description of FIGS. 6 and 7.
- Two windings W15 and W16 participate in the phase of reading. They are placed between the control gate and the cathode of the respective thyristors IGTH1 and IGTH2.
- windings Wr5 and Wr6 develop voltages N15 and N16 higher than the threshold voltage of the MOS transistors controlling the activation of the thyristor.
- the regeneration of the previous magnetic state is done through the windings Wr5 and Wr6.
- the winding Wr6 is traversed by the main current Is of the load when the latter is positive; the current Is then crosses D5, IGTH2 and Wr6; there is no current in the branch made up of Wr5, IGTHl and D6.
- Is When Is is negative, it crosses only Wr5, IGTHl and D6.
- the direction of the windings Wr5 and Wr6 is such that a negative magnetic induction is regenerated.
- the present invention is susceptible of various variants and modifications which will appear to those skilled in the art.
- the type of semiconductor device switching the current is not limited as well as the control electronics specific to these devices.
- the number of windings of type We, Wi, Wl and Wr is not limited.
- the present invention can easily be adapted to many types of alternating networks characterized by the frequency, the waveform and the number of phases of the voltage.
- the charge Z can be complex and not only resistive.
- the torus T can be replaced by any device made of equivalent ferromagnetic material.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Power Conversion In General (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0014005A FR2816127B1 (fr) | 2000-10-31 | 2000-10-31 | Procede et circuit de commande par impulsions d'un composant de puissance |
| FR0014005 | 2000-10-31 | ||
| PCT/FR2001/003378 WO2002037657A1 (fr) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-30 | Procede et circuit de commande par impulsions d'un composant de puissance |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1330865A1 true EP1330865A1 (fr) | 2003-07-30 |
Family
ID=8855960
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01983661A Withdrawn EP1330865A1 (fr) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-30 | Procede et circuit de commande par impulsions d'un composant de puissance |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7109609B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1330865A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2816127B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2002037657A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3027472A1 (fr) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-04-22 | St Microelectronics Tours Sas | Circuit de redressement controle |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3093747A (en) * | 1960-06-27 | 1963-06-11 | Gen Precision Inc | Magnetic signal storage logic computing element |
| US3267441A (en) * | 1961-08-28 | 1966-08-16 | Ibm | Magnetic core gating circuits |
| US3246165A (en) * | 1961-12-21 | 1966-04-12 | Darco Inc | Method and circuit for static control of a. c. power |
| US3383623A (en) * | 1964-10-28 | 1968-05-14 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Pulse generators for phase controlled systems |
| US4642616A (en) * | 1985-02-14 | 1987-02-10 | Prime Computer, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detection of AC power failure conditions |
| US5831349A (en) * | 1997-02-03 | 1998-11-03 | Weng; Tianlu | AC two-wire switch |
-
2000
- 2000-10-31 FR FR0014005A patent/FR2816127B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-10-30 US US10/415,442 patent/US7109609B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-30 WO PCT/FR2001/003378 patent/WO2002037657A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2001-10-30 EP EP01983661A patent/EP1330865A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0237657A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2816127B1 (fr) | 2003-04-04 |
| US7109609B2 (en) | 2006-09-19 |
| WO2002037657A1 (fr) | 2002-05-10 |
| FR2816127A1 (fr) | 2002-05-03 |
| US20040027005A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20030520 |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: SANCHEZ, JEAN-LOUIS Inventor name: LAUR, JEAN-PIERRE Inventor name: BERNIER, ERIC Inventor name: JALADE, JEAN Inventor name: AUSTIN, PATRICK Inventor name: BREIL, MARIE |
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| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AT BE FR GB |
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Effective date: 20090505 |