EP1328682B1 - Composite doctor blade and its method of manufacture - Google Patents

Composite doctor blade and its method of manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1328682B1
EP1328682B1 EP01975455A EP01975455A EP1328682B1 EP 1328682 B1 EP1328682 B1 EP 1328682B1 EP 01975455 A EP01975455 A EP 01975455A EP 01975455 A EP01975455 A EP 01975455A EP 1328682 B1 EP1328682 B1 EP 1328682B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wear resistant
resistant strip
doctor blade
support band
blade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01975455A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1328682A1 (en
Inventor
Bilal Mehmood
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kadant Web Systems Inc
Original Assignee
Kadant Web Systems Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Kadant Web Systems Inc filed Critical Kadant Web Systems Inc
Publication of EP1328682A1 publication Critical patent/EP1328682A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1328682B1 publication Critical patent/EP1328682B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G3/00—Doctors
    • D21G3/005—Doctor knifes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/925—Relative dimension specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12965—Both containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12986—Adjacent functionally defined components

Definitions

  • This invention relates to doctor blades used in various applications, including cleaning, creping and coating in paper making, tissue making, web converting, and similar operations.
  • Doctor blades contact the surfaces of rolls in paper making, tissue making and web converting machines for the purpose of cleaning, applying coatings to sheets, or sheet removal.
  • Conventional doctor blade materials include metals, homogeneous plastics, and composite laminates made of synthetic and natural fibers.
  • blade loading is directly related to the contact area of the blade edge. As the blade wears, its contact area increases with a concomitant reduction in contact pressure. Lower contact pressures can reduce cleaning effectiveness, which in turn can produce holes in the sheet, sheet breaks and/or sheet wraps.
  • Ceramic wear strips beneficially extend blade life, their extreme hardness can produce excessive wear of certain roll surfaces, in particular the cast iron surfaces of yankee rolls. This in turn necessitates frequent and costly roll regrinding. Ceramic tipped blades penetrate much deeper into roll coatings, making it necessary to reduce blade loading pressures by as much as 30%. In creping operations, this reduced loading can have a detrimental effect on tissue properties. Ceramic materials are also expensive and as such, add significantly and disadvantageously to high blade costs.
  • the principal objective of the present invention is the provision of an improved doctor blade which has greater resistance to edge wear, thus providing a more consistent blade geometry, which in turn improves the quality and consistency of the paper products being produced. Greater resistance to blade wear also increases the overall efficiency of the paper making process by reducing the frequency of blade changing.
  • a doctor blade in accordance with the present invention has a steel support band configured with a width and thickness suitable for mounting in a blade holder, with tensile and yield strengths suitable for the intended doctoring application.
  • a wear resistant strip of high-speed steel is integrally joined to an edge of the support band, preferably by electron beam welding.
  • the wear resistant strip has tensile and yield strengths higher than those of the support band, with a hardness of between about 55 to 65 Rc.
  • a composite doctor blade in accordance with the present invention is generally depicted at 10 as comprising a steel support band 12 having a width W a and thickness T a suitable for mounting in a conventional blade holder (not shown).
  • the support band 12 has tensile and yield strengths suitable for the intended doctoring application, and may for example be selected from the group consisting of D6A, 6150, 6135, 1095, 1075, 304SS and 42OSS.
  • a wear resistant strip 14 of high-speed steel is integrally joined as at 16 to an edge of the support band 12.
  • the strip 14 has tensile and yield strengths higher than those of the support band 12, with a hardness of between about 55 to 65 Rc.
  • Such materials advantageously resist plastic deformation and wear under the elevated temperature conditions frequently encountered in doctoring applications.
  • the support band 12 and wear resistant strip 14 are joined by electron welding.
  • the wear resistant strip 14 has a width W b of between about 0.025 to 0.33 of the total blade width measured as W a + W b .
  • the wear resistant strip 14 and the support band 12 may have the same thickness T a , as shown in Figure 1.
  • the wear resistant strip 14 may have a thickness T b greater than the thickness T a of the support band.
  • the thicker wear resistant strip is offset with respect to the support band to provide a flat continuous surface on one side, and a stepped configuration in the opposite side.
  • the wear resistant strip is centrally located, thus providing stepped configurations on both sides of the blade.
  • the material of the wear resistant strip is preferably selected from the group consisting of molybdenum high-speed steels, tungsten high speed steels and intermediate high-speed steels, all as specified in ASM Metals Handbook: Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High Performance Alloys. Vol. 1 Tenth Edition. Copyright MARCH 1990 ASM INTERNATIONAL.
  • the wear resistant strip 14 is preferably substantially free from carbide segregation, and with well dispersed spheriodal carbides having a size ranging from about 3 to 6, and preferably from about 5 to 6 units of measurement based on ASTM sizing charts.
  • partial hardening in accordance with the present invention achieves lower hardness levels which are more compatible with roll surfaces, while still providing marked improvement in wear resistance, making it possible in most instances to at least double useful blade life.
  • the composite blade stock of the present invention may be produced continuously and economically in long coiled lengths, thus providing significant cost savings as compared to prior art batch processes.

Landscapes

  • Paper (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Rotary Presses (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

A composite doctor blade comprises a steel support band configured with a width and thickness suitable for mounting in a blade holder, with tensile and yield strengths suitable for a selected doctoring application. A wear resistant strip of high speed steel is integrally joined to an edge of the support band. The wear resistant strip has tensile and yield strengths higher than those of the support band, and has a hardness of between about 55 to 75 Rc.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention
  • This invention relates to doctor blades used in various applications, including cleaning, creping and coating in paper making, tissue making, web converting, and similar operations.
    • 2. Description of the Prior Art
  • Doctor blades contact the surfaces of rolls in paper making, tissue making and web converting machines for the purpose of cleaning, applying coatings to sheets, or sheet removal. Conventional doctor blade materials include metals, homogeneous plastics, and composite laminates made of synthetic and natural fibers.
  • Conventional doctor blades typically have a monolithic edge to edge structure. Selection of blade material therefore entails striking a compromise between materials which provide adequate resistance to edge wear, and materials having the tensile and yield strengths necessary to operate effectively in the intended doctoring mode. Often, this necessity to compromise results in the selection of a blade material with less than optimum resistance to edge wear.
  • There are numerous doctoring processes where blade edge wear can be particularly problematic. For example, in creping and coating, the quality of the resulting paper product is directly affected by the geometry of the blade edge. As the blade wears and the geometry changes, product characteristics such as bulk, tensile strength, softness or crepe count are adversely affected.
  • In cleaning operation, blade loading is directly related to the contact area of the blade edge. As the blade wears, its contact area increases with a concomitant reduction in contact pressure. Lower contact pressures can reduce cleaning effectiveness, which in turn can produce holes in the sheet, sheet breaks and/or sheet wraps.
  • In the past, those skilled in the art have sought to avoid or at least minimize the above problems by resorting to more frequent blade changes. However, this too is disadvantageous in that it reduces the overall efficiency of the paper making process.
  • Other attempts at extending blade life have included hardening blade surfaces by means of an ion nitriding process, as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,753,076 (King et al.), or employing ceramic wear strips as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,863,329 (Yamanouchi). A number of drawbacks are associated with ion nitriding processes, including inter alia, high capital investments for costly vacuum chambers, batch processing of individual blades as opposed to the more economical processing of long lengths of coiled blade stock, and the uncontrolled application of the process to all blade surfaces rather than to only the edge regions which are susceptible to wear, which further increases costs.
  • Although ceramic wear strips beneficially extend blade life, their extreme hardness can produce excessive wear of certain roll surfaces, in particular the cast iron surfaces of yankee rolls. This in turn necessitates frequent and costly roll regrinding. Ceramic tipped blades penetrate much deeper into roll coatings, making it necessary to reduce blade loading pressures by as much as 30%. In creping operations, this reduced loading can have a detrimental effect on tissue properties. Ceramic materials are also expensive and as such, add significantly and disadvantageously to high blade costs.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The principal objective of the present invention is the provision of an improved doctor blade which has greater resistance to edge wear, thus providing a more consistent blade geometry, which in turn improves the quality and consistency of the paper products being produced. Greater resistance to blade wear also increases the overall efficiency of the paper making process by reducing the frequency of blade changing.
  • A doctor blade in accordance with the present invention has a steel support band configured with a width and thickness suitable for mounting in a blade holder, with tensile and yield strengths suitable for the intended doctoring application. A wear resistant strip of high-speed steel is integrally joined to an edge of the support band, preferably by electron beam welding. The wear resistant strip has tensile and yield strengths higher than those of the support band, with a hardness of between about 55 to 65 Rc.
  • These and other features and advantages of the present invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
    • BRIEF DECRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    • Figure 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a doctor blade in accordance with the present invention;
    • Figures 2 and 3 are perspective views similar to Figure 1 showing other embodiments of doctor blades in accordance with the present invention; and
    • Figure 4 is a block diagram depicting the method of manufacturing doctor blades in accordance with the present invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • With reference initially to Figure 1, a composite doctor blade in accordance with the present invention is generally depicted at 10 as comprising a steel support band 12 having a width Wa and thickness Ta suitable for mounting in a conventional blade holder (not shown). The support band 12 has tensile and yield strengths suitable for the intended doctoring application, and may for example be selected from the group consisting of D6A, 6150, 6135, 1095, 1075, 304SS and 42OSS.
  • A wear resistant strip 14 of high-speed steel ("HSS") is integrally joined as at 16 to an edge of the support band 12. The strip 14 has tensile and yield strengths higher than those of the support band 12, with a hardness of between about 55 to 65 Rc. Such materials advantageously resist plastic deformation and wear under the elevated temperature conditions frequently encountered in doctoring applications.
  • Preferably, the support band 12 and wear resistant strip 14 are joined by electron welding. The wear resistant strip 14 has a width Wb of between about 0.025 to 0.33 of the total blade width measured as Wa + Wb.
  • The wear resistant strip 14 and the support band 12 may have the same thickness Ta, as shown in Figure 1. Alternatively, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the wear resistant strip 14 may have a thickness Tb greater than the thickness Ta of the support band. In Figure 2, the thicker wear resistant strip is offset with respect to the support band to provide a flat continuous surface on one side, and a stepped configuration in the opposite side. In Figure 3, the wear resistant strip is centrally located, thus providing stepped configurations on both sides of the blade.
  • The material of the wear resistant strip is preferably selected from the group consisting of molybdenum high-speed steels, tungsten high speed steels and intermediate high-speed steels, all as specified in ASM Metals Handbook: Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High Performance Alloys. Vol. 1 Tenth Edition. Copyright MARCH 1990 ASM INTERNATIONAL. The wear resistant strip 14 is preferably substantially free from carbide segregation, and with well dispersed spheriodal carbides having a size ranging from about 3 to 6, and preferably from about 5 to 6 units of measurement based on ASTM sizing charts.
  • With reference to Figure 4, a preferred method of manufacturing doctor blades in accordance with the present invention is shown as comprising the following steps, in sequence:
    • a) in block 18, electron beam welding the wear resistant strip 14 to the support band 12 to provide the composite blade structure;
    • b) in block 20, heating the composite blade structure 10 to a first temperature of preferably between about 1300 to 1450°F, to anneal and straighten the welded components;
    • c) in block 22, reheating the composite structure to a second temperature of between about 1500-2200°F to partially harden the wear resistant strip 14;
    • d) in block 24, quenching the composite structure; and
    • e) in block 26, reheating the composite structure to a third temperature of about 850-1200°F to temper and reduce the hardness of the wear resistant strip to a level within the range of between about 55 to 65 Rc.
  • In contrast to the usage of fully hardened high speed steels in other industrial applications, partial hardening in accordance with the present invention achieves lower hardness levels which are more compatible with roll surfaces, while still providing marked improvement in wear resistance, making it possible in most instances to at least double useful blade life. By varying the thickness of the wear resistant strip while allowing the thickness of the support band to remain constant, fine tuning of paper properties can be achieved without the necessity of having to change blade holders. The composite blade stock of the present invention may be produced continuously and economically in long coiled lengths, thus providing significant cost savings as compared to prior art batch processes.

Claims (13)

  1. A composite doctor blade (10) comprising:
    a steel support band (12) configured with a width and thickness suitable for mounting in a blade holder, and having tensile and yield strengths suitable for a selected doctoring application; and
    a wear resistant strip (14) of high speed steel integrally joined to an edge of said support band, said wear resistant strip having tensile and yield strengths higher than those of said support band, wherein said wear resistant strip has a hardness of between about 55 to 65 Rc.
  2. The doctor blade of claim 1 wherein said wear resistant strip (14) is joined to said support band (12) by electron beam welding.
  3. The doctor blade of claim 1 wherein said wear resistant strip has a width of between about 0,025 to 0,33 of the total blade width.
  4. The doctor blade of claim 1 wherein the thickness of said wear resistant strip is grater than the thickness of said support band (12).
  5. The doctor blade of claim 4 wherein the thickness of said wear resistant strip (14) is not more than twice the thickness of said support band (12).
  6. The doctor blade as claimed in claim 1 wherein the material of said wear resistant strip (14) is selected from the group consisting molybdenum high-speed steels, tungsten high-speed steels and intermediate high-speed steels.
  7. The doctor blade of claim 1 wherein said wear resistant strip (14) is substantially free from carbide segregation and has well dispersed spheroidal carbides.
  8. The doctor blade of claim 7 wherein said wear resistant strip has well dispersed spheroidal carbides having a size ranging from about 3 to 6 microns.
  9. The doctor blade of claim 8 wherein said spheroidal carbides have a size ranging from about 5 to 6 microns.
  10. A method of manufacturing the composite doctor blade (10) of claim 1, comprising
    a) electron beam welding said wear resistant strip (14) to said support band to provide a composite structure;
    b) heating said composite structure to a first temperature to anneal and straighten said composite structure,
    c) reheating said composite structure to a second temperature followed by quenching to partially harden said wear resistant strip; and
    d) reheating said composite structure to a third temperature to temper and reduce the hardness of said wear resistant strip to a level within the specified range.
  11. The method of claim 10 wherein said first temperature in step (b) is between about 705 - 788 °C (1.300 to 1.450 °F).
  12. The method of claim 10 wherein said second temperature in step (c) is between about 815 - 1478 °C (1.500 to 2.200 °F).
  13. The method of claim 10 wherein said third temperature in step (d) is between about 455 - 649 °C (850 and 1.200 °F).
EP01975455A 2000-10-26 2001-09-27 Composite doctor blade and its method of manufacture Expired - Lifetime EP1328682B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US697693 2000-10-26
US09/697,693 US6423427B1 (en) 2000-10-26 2000-10-26 Composite doctor blade and its method of manufacture
PCT/US2001/030203 WO2002035002A1 (en) 2000-10-26 2001-09-27 Composite doctor blade and its method of manufacture

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1328682A1 EP1328682A1 (en) 2003-07-23
EP1328682B1 true EP1328682B1 (en) 2004-12-29

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EP01975455A Expired - Lifetime EP1328682B1 (en) 2000-10-26 2001-09-27 Composite doctor blade and its method of manufacture

Country Status (13)

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US (2) US6423427B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1328682B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4024674B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1216205C (en)
AT (1) ATE286173T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2001294780A1 (en)
BR (1) BR0114904A (en)
CA (1) CA2426008C (en)
DE (1) DE60108155T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2233696T3 (en)
MX (1) MXPA03003720A (en)
RU (1) RU2238358C1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002035002A1 (en)

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US6423427B1 (en) * 2000-10-26 2002-07-23 Kadant Web Systems, Inc. Composite doctor blade and its method of manufacture
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DE102004034905A1 (en) * 2004-07-19 2006-04-13 Böhler-Uddeholm Precision Strip GmbH & Co. KG Steel strip for doctor blades, applicator blades and creping blades and powder metallurgical process for their production
ES2263347B1 (en) * 2004-09-13 2007-08-16 Amable Gallego Cozar STAINLESS STEEL SAW TAPE APPLICABLE FOR CUTTING AND DESPIRE OF FOOD PRODUCTS, LIKE MEAT, FISH AND SIMILAR.
JP4860134B2 (en) * 2004-10-20 2012-01-25 大王製紙株式会社 Coated paper manufacturing method and manufacturing equipment
JP4745639B2 (en) * 2004-10-28 2011-08-10 大王製紙株式会社 Method for producing coated paper for printing
JP4745640B2 (en) * 2004-10-28 2011-08-10 大王製紙株式会社 Method for producing coated paper for printing
JP5038590B2 (en) * 2004-11-04 2012-10-03 大王製紙株式会社 Coated paper manufacturing method and manufacturing equipment
US7431801B2 (en) * 2005-01-27 2008-10-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Creping blade
FI117403B (en) * 2005-09-28 2006-09-29 Ike Service Oy Manufacturing method of blade e.g. composite blade for e.g. paper machines involves forming composite base structure with at least one wear area that protrudes to outer side edge to form edge structure portion of blade
DE102005062911B4 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-10-25 Böhler-Uddeholm Precision Strip GmbH & Co. KG Composite doctor blade with powder metallurgical produced working edge
CN100374219C (en) * 2006-03-02 2008-03-12 上海爱凯思机械刀片有限公司 Compounding method of mechanical bit blank of hard alloy
US7505719B2 (en) * 2006-06-16 2009-03-17 Xerox Corporation Composite trim bar for developer system
US7691236B2 (en) * 2006-07-26 2010-04-06 The Procter + Gamble Company Creping blade with a highly smooth bevel surface
CN110735353B (en) * 2013-11-06 2021-06-25 卡丹特公司 Doctor blade holder system

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4024674B2 (en) 2007-12-19
ATE286173T1 (en) 2005-01-15
WO2002035002A1 (en) 2002-05-02
DE60108155D1 (en) 2005-02-03
US6565991B1 (en) 2003-05-20
WO2002035002B1 (en) 2002-07-18
US6423427B1 (en) 2002-07-23
CA2426008C (en) 2007-07-03
EP1328682A1 (en) 2003-07-23
RU2238358C1 (en) 2004-10-20
CA2426008A1 (en) 2002-05-02
CN1216205C (en) 2005-08-24
DE60108155T2 (en) 2005-12-15
CN1471600A (en) 2004-01-28
AU2001294780A1 (en) 2002-05-06
MXPA03003720A (en) 2005-01-25
JP2004512443A (en) 2004-04-22
ES2233696T3 (en) 2005-06-16
BR0114904A (en) 2003-10-14

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