EP1321730B1 - Low pressure accumulator particularly for a CO2 operated air conditioning system - Google Patents

Low pressure accumulator particularly for a CO2 operated air conditioning system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1321730B1
EP1321730B1 EP02027540A EP02027540A EP1321730B1 EP 1321730 B1 EP1321730 B1 EP 1321730B1 EP 02027540 A EP02027540 A EP 02027540A EP 02027540 A EP02027540 A EP 02027540A EP 1321730 B1 EP1321730 B1 EP 1321730B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
pressure accumulator
low pressure
low
refrigerant
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EP02027540A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1321730A3 (en
EP1321730A2 (en
Inventor
Günther Dr.rer.nat. Feuerecker
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Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
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Behr GmbH and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • F25B43/006—Accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • F25B43/02—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat for separating lubricants from the refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a low-pressure accumulator, in particular for a CO2 air conditioner for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1, an air conditioner according to the preamble of claim 9 and a method for operating a low-pressure accumulator according to the preamble of claim 10.
  • CO2 air conditioning systems usually have a low pressure accumulator of the type mentioned, which buffers the fluctuating at different operating requirements for refrigerant in the cycle of the air conditioning.
  • the low-pressure collector is gaseous refrigerant, liquid refrigerant and an only slightly miscible with the liquid refrigerant oil, which is usually contained in the liquid refrigerant some oil and some oil in the oil, so that the corresponding phases in the following as low oil or oil-rich phases be designated. Due to its greater density in the low-pressure collector, the oil-rich phase settles to the bottom and is returned to the extracted, gaseous refrigerant.
  • a corresponding low pressure accumulator according to the prior art is shown in FIG. 4.
  • This low-pressure accumulator 210 has a housing 211, a feed line 212 and a discharge line 213.
  • the gaseous refrigerant 214 in the middle part of the oil-poor phase 215 and in the lower part the oil-rich phase 216, as shown schematically in FIG.
  • the supply line 212 terminates in the upper region of the low pressure accumulator 210 and supplies gaseous refrigerant 214, as well as a small amount of liquid, consisting of oil and refrigerant, to the low pressure accumulator 210.
  • a disadvantage of such an arrangement is that when falling below a limit temperature to a floating of the oil-rich phase, so that the oil return mechanism, which supplies the oil-rich phase to the forwarded gaseous refrigerant fails.
  • the limit temperature is currently approx. -20 ° C for currently used oils and CO2. These temperatures can occur when the system is used as a heat pump at low ambient temperatures.
  • failure of the oil return mechanism there is an accumulation of oil in the low-pressure accumulator and thus to a depletion of the circulating oil in the circulation. As a result, there may be compressor damage due to poor lubrication due to insufficient oil supply.
  • the JP 2001-289539 A discloses an accumulator having a riser with ⁇ labsaugö réelle.
  • a mixed liquid refrigerant and oil separator provides, in a simple manner, an oil return mechanism which functions even at low operating temperatures which otherwise cause the oil or oil-rich phase to float.
  • an intermediate container is provided for this purpose.
  • a simple separation of liquid refrigerant and oil is possible by means of a liquid-permeable wall.
  • the wall may be designed in particular porous or have holes of small diameter.
  • the separation of the oil-rich and oil-poor phase is based on the different viscosity of both phases.
  • the permeability must be designed so that on the one hand, the low-oil phase expires quickly, that only a small proportion remains in the intermediate tank, on the other hand dammed so much oil-rich phase in the intermediate container that it can be fed to the derivative.
  • the low-pressure collector preferably has a mixing device which is connected upstream of the separating device and which serves to mix the low-oil and high-oil phases, so that a refrigerant oil Mixture of the separating device is supplied.
  • the supplied, mostly gaseous refrigerant is used for mixing the low-oil and oil-rich phases located around the lower part of the housing, while at the same time acting as a means of transport to supply the refrigerant-oil mixture to the separation device.
  • the supply line for the refrigerant preferably ends in the lower region of the low-pressure accumulator.
  • an oil return line is provided for discharge from the intermediate container, wherein the oil return line has a smaller diameter than the discharge and emanates from a respect to the height of the intermediate container middle portion of the intermediate container, whereby a floating of the oil or oil-rich phase in the intermediate container is not a problem, since it also comes in this case to the oil return line and thus to the derivative and back into the circulation.
  • the middle range here means that the oil return line does not start directly at the bottom or directly at the upper edge of the intermediate container.
  • the separation device is a calming device, preferably in the form of a cascade upstream.
  • Fig. 1 shows a CO2 air conditioner 1 with a compressor 2, a heat exchanger 3, which transfers heat between refrigerant and ambient air, an internal heat exchanger 4, which transfers heat between two streams of the refrigerant, an expansion element 5, a heat exchanger 6, which heat transfers between the refrigerant and the air supplied to the vehicle interior, and a 4/2-way valve 7, which switches the refrigerant flow so that the system is alternatively used for cooling or heating the air supplied to the vehicle interior, and a low-pressure accumulator 10 according to the first embodiment, which is shown schematically in Fig. 2.
  • the refrigerant leaving the compressor 2 is passed from the 4/2-way valve 7 to the heat exchanger 3, where it releases heat to the ambient air.
  • the cooled refrigerant is then further cooled in the internal heat exchanger 4. It is then throttled in the expansion element 5 to a low pressure and evaporated in the heat exchanger 6, wherein it deprives the vehicle interior of the air heat. It is then fed via the 4/2-way valve 7 via a line 12 to the low-pressure accumulator 10, flows through the inner heat exchanger 4, where it is heated and finally brought back to high pressure by the compressor 2.
  • the refrigerant is passed from the compressor 2 via the 4/2-way valve 7 to the heat exchanger 6, where it cools and in turn heats the air supplied to the vehicle interior. It is subsequently expanded by the expansion element 5 to a low pressure, flows through the inner heat exchanger 4 without any essential function and evaporates in the heat exchanger 3, where it extracts heat from the ambient air. It is then from the 4/2-way valve 7 to the low-pressure accumulator 10 and via the inner heat exchanger 4 to the compressor. 2 where it is put back on high pressure. In heating mode, correspondingly low ambient temperatures can lead to correspondingly low evaporation temperatures, which lead to the floating of the oil.
  • the low-pressure accumulator 10 has, as shown in Fig. 2, a housing 11, which is supplied by means of a supply line 12 refrigerant and removed by means of a discharge line 13 again.
  • the housing 11 contains gaseous refrigerant 14 in the upper part of the housing 11, as well as liquid refrigerant 15 and oil 16 in the lower part of the housing eleventh
  • the supplied through the supply line 12 refrigerant is predominantly gaseous, as well as the derivative through the discharge line 13 refrigerant.
  • the supply line 12 terminates in the lower part of the housing 11, in an area in which the liquid refrigerant 15 and the oil 16 are located. It ends below a vertically arranged, funnel-shaped open line 20, which ends in the upper part of the housing 11, in an area in which the gaseous refrigerant 14 is located. At this upper end, an upwardly open intermediate container 21 with walls 22 is provided on the line 20 such that the conduit 20 penetrates the intermediate container 21 from below and ends slightly above the walls 22 of the intermediate container 21. In this case, the intermediate container 21 above the located in the lower part of the housing 11 liquid refrigerant 15 and the oil 16 is arranged.
  • the walls 22 of the intermediate container 21 are porous, their function will be described in more detail later. From the intermediate container 21 branches laterally, approximately in the middle of the height of the walls 22 from an oil return line 23 from which the discharge line 13 further down in the housing 11 is supplied. Here, the diameter of the oil return line 23 is smaller than the diameter of the discharge line 13.
  • the feed line 12 serves as a mixing device 25.
  • the supplied gaseous refrigerant 14 ruptures a part of the refrigerant-oil mixture 24 and transports it through the line 20 into the intermediate container 21.
  • the intermediate container 21 thus serves as a separator 26 for liquid refrigerant 15 and oil 16, said the oil 16 accumulates in the intermediate container 21.
  • porous walls 22 As an alternative to porous walls 22, correspondingly small openings may be provided in the walls 22, which lead to a separation of the refrigerant-oil mixture 24.
  • oil 16 passes through the oil return line 23 to the discharge 13, while the liquid refrigerant 15 remains in the low-pressure accumulator 10. Since the oil return line 23 branches off laterally approximately in the middle of the height of the porous walls 22 of the intermediate container 21, it is ensured that even in the case of floating of oil 16 at very low temperatures, especially oil 16 is fed through the oil return line 23 of the discharge 13 and no or only in minimal amounts of liquid refrigerant 15 instead of oil 16 enters the circuit.
  • Fig. 3 shows the second embodiment.
  • the same or equivalent elements are designated by 100 higher reference numerals than in the first embodiment.
  • the low-pressure header 110 likewise has a housing 111 with a supply line 112 terminating in the lower part of the housing 111 and a discharge line 113 beginning in the upper part of the housing 111.
  • gaseous refrigerant 114 in the upper part, as well as liquid refrigerant 115 and oil 116 in the lower part of the housing 111 are included.
  • mixing of the liquid refrigerant 115 and the oil 116 located in the lower part of the housing 111 takes place through the gaseous refrigerant 114 fed through the feed line 112, so that a refrigerant-oil mixture 124 is again formed.
  • the feed line 112 according to the first embodiment serves as a mixing device 125.
  • a substantially vertically arranged line 120 is provided in the housing 111, which is widened like a funnel below and ends open at the top. Slightly below the upper end of the conduit 120, there is provided a calming device 120 'in the form of a cascade 120 "which serves to reduce turbulence in the refrigerant-oil mixture 124 which is thus calmly supplied to the intermediate vessel 121 disposed below the cascade 120" becomes.
  • the intermediate container 121 has, according to the first embodiment, porous walls 122 through which the liquid refrigerant 115 can exit and re-enter the lower part of the low-pressure header 110, where most of the refrigerant-oil mixture 124 is located the oil 116 enriches in serving as a separator 126 intermediate container 121.
  • an oil return line 125 from the discharge 113th
  • the function of the low pressure accumulator 110 substantially corresponds to that of the low pressure accumulator 10 according to the first embodiment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

A low-pressure collector (LPC) (10) has a gaseous coolant (14), a liquid coolant in the form of a small oil-volume phase (15) and oil in the form of a large oil-volume phase (16). There are inlet (12) and outlet (13) pipes for the gaseous coolant added to the large oil-volume phase. The LPC also has a separating device (26). <??>An Independent claim is also included for a method for operating a low-pressure collector for a carbon dioxide air-conditioning unit in a motor vehicle.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Niederdrucksammler, insbesondere für eine CO2-Klimaanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1, eine Klimaanlage gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 9 und ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Niederdrucksammlers gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 10.The invention relates to a low-pressure accumulator, in particular for a CO2 air conditioner for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1, an air conditioner according to the preamble of claim 9 and a method for operating a low-pressure accumulator according to the preamble of claim 10.

CO2-Klimaanlagen weisen üblicherweise einen Niederdrucksammler der eingangs genannten Art auf, welcher den bei unterschiedlichen Betriebspunkten schwankenden Bedarf an Kältemittel im Kreislauf der Klimaanlage puffert. Im Niederdrucksammler befindet sich gasförmiges Kältemittel, flüssiges Kältemittel und ein mit dem flüssigen Kältemittel nur begrenzt mischbares Öl, wobei in der Regel im flüssigen Kältemittel etwas Öl enthalten ist und im Öl etwas Kältemittel, so dass die entsprechenden Phasen im folgenden als ölarme bzw. ölreiche Phasen bezeichnet werden. Die ölreiche Phase setzt sich auf Grund ihrer größeren Dichte im Niederdrucksammler unten ab und wird dem abgesaugten, gasförmigen Kältemittel wieder zugeführt. Ein entsprechender Niederdrucksammler gemäß dem Stand der Technik ist in Fig. 4 dargestellt. Dieser Niederdrucksammler 210 weist ein Gehäuse 211, eine Zuleitung 212 und eine Ableitung 213 auf. Hierbei befindet sich im oberen Teil des Gehäuses 211 des Niederdrucksammlers 210 das gasförmige Kältemittel 214, im mittleren Teil die ölarme Phase 215 und im unteren Teil die ölreiche Phase 216, wie schematisch in Fig. 4 dargestellt. Die Zuleitung 212 endet im oberen Bereich des Niederdrucksammlers 210 und führt gasförmiges Kältemittel 214, sowie einen kleinen Anteil Flüssigkeit, bestehend aus Öl und Kältemittel, dem Niederdrucksammler 210 zu. Die bedarfsgerechte Weiterleitung des gasförmigen Kältemittels 214 einschließlich der ölreichen Phase 216, d.h. der Ölrückführmechanismus, erfolgt mittels eines U-förmig ausgebildeten Rohres, welches im oberen Teil des Niederdrucksammlers 210 beginnt und an seiner untersten Stelle mit einer Bohrung 217 versehen ist. Dieses Rohr bildet die Ableitung 213.CO2 air conditioning systems usually have a low pressure accumulator of the type mentioned, which buffers the fluctuating at different operating requirements for refrigerant in the cycle of the air conditioning. In the low-pressure collector is gaseous refrigerant, liquid refrigerant and an only slightly miscible with the liquid refrigerant oil, which is usually contained in the liquid refrigerant some oil and some oil in the oil, so that the corresponding phases in the following as low oil or oil-rich phases be designated. Due to its greater density in the low-pressure collector, the oil-rich phase settles to the bottom and is returned to the extracted, gaseous refrigerant. A corresponding low pressure accumulator according to the prior art is shown in FIG. 4. This low-pressure accumulator 210 has a housing 211, a feed line 212 and a discharge line 213. Here, in the upper part of the housing 211 of the low-pressure accumulator 210, the gaseous refrigerant 214, in the middle part of the oil-poor phase 215 and in the lower part the oil-rich phase 216, as shown schematically in FIG. The supply line 212 terminates in the upper region of the low pressure accumulator 210 and supplies gaseous refrigerant 214, as well as a small amount of liquid, consisting of oil and refrigerant, to the low pressure accumulator 210. The demand-based forwarding of the gaseous refrigerant 214, including the oil-rich phase 216, ie the oil return mechanism, by means of a U-shaped tube, which starts in the upper part of the low-pressure accumulator 210 and is provided at its lowest point with a bore 217. This tube forms the discharge 213.

Nachteilig bei einer derartigen Anordnung ist, dass es bei Unterschreiten einer Grenztemperatur zu einem Aufschwimmen der ölreichen Phase kommt, so dass der Ölrückführmechanismus, welcher die ölreiche Phase dem weitergeleiteten gasförmigen Kältemittel zuführt, versagt. Die Grenztemperatur liegt bei derzeit üblichen Ölen und CO2 bei ca. -20°C. Diese Temperaturen können auftreten, wenn das System als Wärmepumpe bei niedrigen Umgebungstemperaturen eingesetzt wird. Im Falle eines Versagen des Ölrückführmechanismuses kommt es zu einer Anreicherung der Öles im Niederdrucksammler und damit zu einer Verarmung des umlaufenden Öles im Kreislauf. In der Folge kann es zu Kompressorschäden wegen mangelhafter Schmierung infolge einer unzureichenden Ölversorgung kommen.A disadvantage of such an arrangement is that when falling below a limit temperature to a floating of the oil-rich phase, so that the oil return mechanism, which supplies the oil-rich phase to the forwarded gaseous refrigerant fails. The limit temperature is currently approx. -20 ° C for currently used oils and CO2. These temperatures can occur when the system is used as a heat pump at low ambient temperatures. In case of failure of the oil return mechanism, there is an accumulation of oil in the low-pressure accumulator and thus to a depletion of the circulating oil in the circulation. As a result, there may be compressor damage due to poor lubrication due to insufficient oil supply.

Die JP 2001-289539 A offenbart einen Akkumulator mit einen Steigrohr mit Ölabsaugöffnung.The JP 2001-289539 A discloses an accumulator having a riser with Ölabsaugöffnung.

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen verbesserten Niederdrucksammler zur Verfügung zu stellen. Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch einen Niederdrucksammler mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Based on this prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved low-pressure accumulator available. This object is achieved by a low pressure accumulator having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Durch die Verwendung einer Trennvorrichtung für vermischtes flüssiges Kältemittel und Öl wird auf eine einfache Weise ein Ölrückführmechanismus zur Verfügung gestellt, der auch bei niedrigen Betriebstemperaturen funktioniert, bei denen es ansonsten zu einem Aufschwimmen des Öles bzw. der ölreichen Phase kommt. Vorzugsweise ist hierfür ein Zwischenbehälter vorgesehen.The use of a mixed liquid refrigerant and oil separator provides, in a simple manner, an oil return mechanism which functions even at low operating temperatures which otherwise cause the oil or oil-rich phase to float. Preferably, an intermediate container is provided for this purpose.

Eine einfache Trennung von flüssigem Kältemittel und Öl ist mittels einer flüssigkeitsdurchlässige Wandung möglich. Hierbei kann die Wandung insbesondere porös ausgestaltet sein oder Bohrungen geringen Durchmessers aufweisen. Die Trennung der ölreichen und ölarmen Phase beruht dabei auf der unterschiedlichen Viskosität beider Phasen. Die Durchlässigkeit muss dabei so gestaltet sein, dass einerseits die ölarme Phase schnell abläuft, dass nur ein kleiner Anteil im Zwischenbehälter verbleibt, andererseits so viel ölreiche Phase im Zwischenbehälter aufstaut, dass diese der Ableitung zugeführt werden kann.A simple separation of liquid refrigerant and oil is possible by means of a liquid-permeable wall. In this case, the wall may be designed in particular porous or have holes of small diameter. The separation of the oil-rich and oil-poor phase is based on the different viscosity of both phases. The permeability must be designed so that on the one hand, the low-oil phase expires quickly, that only a small proportion remains in the intermediate tank, on the other hand dammed so much oil-rich phase in the intermediate container that it can be fed to the derivative.

Damit möglichst viel Öl der Trennvorrichtung zugeführt wird und eine möglichst einfache Ausgestaltung mit wenigen Behältern möglich ist, weist der Niederdrucksammler vorzugsweise eine Mischvorrichtung auf, die der Trennvorrichtung vorgeschaltet ist und welche dem Vermischen der ölarmen und der ölreichen Phasen dient, so dass eine Kältemittel-Öl-Mischung der Trennvorrichtung zugeführt wird. Hierbei dient vorzugsweise das zugeführte, größtenteils gasförmige Kältemittel zum Vermischen der sich um unteren Teil des Gehäuses befindlichen ölarmen und ölreichen Phasen, wobei es gleichzeitig auch als Transportmittel wirken kann, um die Kältemittel-Öl-Mischung der Trennvorrichtung zuzuführen. Hierfür endet die Zuleitung für das Kältemittel vorzugsweise im unteren Bereich des Niederdrucksammlers.So that as much oil as possible is fed to the separating device and the simplest possible configuration with few containers is possible, the low-pressure collector preferably has a mixing device which is connected upstream of the separating device and which serves to mix the low-oil and high-oil phases, so that a refrigerant oil Mixture of the separating device is supplied. In this case, preferably, the supplied, mostly gaseous refrigerant is used for mixing the low-oil and oil-rich phases located around the lower part of the housing, while at the same time acting as a means of transport to supply the refrigerant-oil mixture to the separation device. For this purpose, the supply line for the refrigerant preferably ends in the lower region of the low-pressure accumulator.

Vorzugsweise ist ausgehend vom Zwischenbehälter eine Ölrückführleitung zur Ableitung vorgesehen, wobei die Ölrückführleitung einen kleineren Durchmesser als die Ableitung aufweist und von einem bezüglich der Höhe des Zwischenbehälters mittleren Bereich des Zwischenbehälters ausgeht, wodurch ein Aufschwimmen des Öles bzw. der ölreichen Phase im Zwischenbehälter unproblematisch wird, da es auch in diesem Fall zur Ölrückführleitung und somit zur Ableitung und wieder in den Kreislauf gelangt. Mittlerer Bereich heißt hierbei, dass die Ölrückführleitung nicht direkt am Boden oder direkt am oberen Rand des Zwischenbehälters beginnt.Preferably, an oil return line is provided for discharge from the intermediate container, wherein the oil return line has a smaller diameter than the discharge and emanates from a respect to the height of the intermediate container middle portion of the intermediate container, whereby a floating of the oil or oil-rich phase in the intermediate container is not a problem, since it also comes in this case to the oil return line and thus to the derivative and back into the circulation. The middle range here means that the oil return line does not start directly at the bottom or directly at the upper edge of the intermediate container.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Trennvorrichtung eine Beruhigungsvorrichtung, vorzugsweise in Form einer Kaskade, vorgeschaltet.According to a preferred embodiment of the separation device is a calming device, preferably in the form of a cascade upstream.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand zweier Ausführungsbeispiele unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung im einzelnen erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer CO2-Klimaanlage mit einem Niederdrucksammler gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel,
Fig. 2
den Niederdrucksammler von Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
einen Niederdrucksammler gemäß dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel, und
Fig. 4
einen Niederdrucksammler gemäß dem Stand der Technik.
In the following the invention with reference to two embodiments with reference to the drawings will be explained in detail. In the drawing show:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a CO2 air conditioning system with a low-pressure accumulator according to the first embodiment,
Fig. 2
the low-pressure accumulator of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
a low-pressure accumulator according to the second embodiment, and
Fig. 4
a low-pressure accumulator according to the prior art.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine CO2-Klimaanlage 1 mit einem Kompressor 2, einem Wärmeübertrager 3, welcher Wärme zwischen Kältemittel und Umgebungsluft überträgt, einem inneren Wärmeübertrager 4, welcher Wärme zwischen zwei Strömen des Kältemittels überträgt, einem Expansionsorgan 5, einem Wärmeübertrager 6, welcher Wärme zwischen dem Kältemittel und der dem Fahrzeuginnenraum zugeführten Luft überträgt, sowie einem 4/2-WegeVentil 7, welches den Kältemittelstrom so schaltet, dass das System alternativ zum Abkühlen oder Aufheizen der dem Fahrzeuginnenraum zugeführten Luft dient, und einem Niederdrucksammler 10 gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel, der in Fig. 2 schematisiert dargestellt ist.Fig. 1 shows a CO2 air conditioner 1 with a compressor 2, a heat exchanger 3, which transfers heat between refrigerant and ambient air, an internal heat exchanger 4, which transfers heat between two streams of the refrigerant, an expansion element 5, a heat exchanger 6, which heat transfers between the refrigerant and the air supplied to the vehicle interior, and a 4/2-way valve 7, which switches the refrigerant flow so that the system is alternatively used for cooling or heating the air supplied to the vehicle interior, and a low-pressure accumulator 10 according to the first embodiment, which is shown schematically in Fig. 2.

Im Kühlbetrieb wird das den Kompressor 2 verlassende Kältemittel vom 4/2-Wege-Ventil 7 zum Wärmeübertrager 3 geleitet und gibt dort Wärme an die Umgebungsluft ab. Das abgekühlte Kältemittel wird anschließend im inneren Wärmeübertrager 4 weiter abgekühlt. Es wird im Expansionsorgan 5 anschließend auf einen niedrigen Druck gedrosselt und verdampft im Wärmeübertrager 6, wobei es der dem Fahrzeuginnenraum zugeführten Luft Wärme entzieht. Anschließend wird es über das 4/2-Wege-Ventil 7 über eine Leitung 12 dem Niederdrucksammler 10 zugeführt, strömt durch den inneren Wärmeübertrager 4, wo es sich erwärmt und schließlich vom Kompressor 2 wieder auf hohen Druck gebracht wird.In cooling operation, the refrigerant leaving the compressor 2 is passed from the 4/2-way valve 7 to the heat exchanger 3, where it releases heat to the ambient air. The cooled refrigerant is then further cooled in the internal heat exchanger 4. It is then throttled in the expansion element 5 to a low pressure and evaporated in the heat exchanger 6, wherein it deprives the vehicle interior of the air heat. It is then fed via the 4/2-way valve 7 via a line 12 to the low-pressure accumulator 10, flows through the inner heat exchanger 4, where it is heated and finally brought back to high pressure by the compressor 2.

Im Heizbetrieb wird das Kältemittel ausgehend vom Kompressor 2 über das 4/2-Wege-Ventil 7 zum Wärmeübertrager 6 geleitet, wo es sich abkühlt und im Gegenzug die dem Fahrzeuginnenraum zugeführte Luft aufheizt. Es wird anschließend vom Expansionsorgan 5 auf einen niedrigen Druck entspannt, strömt ohne wesentliche Funktion durch den inneren Wärmeübertrager 4 und verdampft im Wärmeübertrager 3, wo es der Umgebungsluft Wärme entzieht. Anschließend wird es vom 4/2-Wege-Ventil 7 zum Niederdrucksammler 10 und über den inneren Wärmeübertrager 4 zum Kompressor 2 geleitet, wo es wieder auf hohen Druck gebracht wird. Im Heizbetrieb kann es bei entsprechend niedrigen Umgebungstemperaturen zu entsprechend tiefen Verdampfungstemperaturen kommen, welche zum Aufschwimmen des Öles führen.In heating mode, the refrigerant is passed from the compressor 2 via the 4/2-way valve 7 to the heat exchanger 6, where it cools and in turn heats the air supplied to the vehicle interior. It is subsequently expanded by the expansion element 5 to a low pressure, flows through the inner heat exchanger 4 without any essential function and evaporates in the heat exchanger 3, where it extracts heat from the ambient air. It is then from the 4/2-way valve 7 to the low-pressure accumulator 10 and via the inner heat exchanger 4 to the compressor. 2 where it is put back on high pressure. In heating mode, correspondingly low ambient temperatures can lead to correspondingly low evaporation temperatures, which lead to the floating of the oil.

Der Niederdrucksammler 10 weist, wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt, ein Gehäuse 11 auf, welchem mittels einer Zuleitung 12 Kältemittel zugeführt und mittels einer Ableitung 13 wieder entnommen wird. Das Gehäuse 11 enthält gasförmiges Kältemittel 14 im oberen Teil des Gehäuses 11, sowie flüssiges Kältemittel 15 und Öl 16 im unteren Teil des Gehäuses 11.The low-pressure accumulator 10 has, as shown in Fig. 2, a housing 11, which is supplied by means of a supply line 12 refrigerant and removed by means of a discharge line 13 again. The housing 11 contains gaseous refrigerant 14 in the upper part of the housing 11, as well as liquid refrigerant 15 and oil 16 in the lower part of the housing eleventh

Das durch die Zuleitung 12 zugeleitete Kältemittel ist überwiegend gasförmig, ebenso wie das durch die Ableitung 13 abgeleitete Kältemittel. Die Zuleitung 12 endet im unteren Teil des Gehäuses 11, in einem Bereich in dem sich das flüssige Kältemittel 15 und das Öl 16 befinden. Sie endet unterhalb einer vertikal angeordneten, trichterförmig geöffneten Leitung 20, welche im oberen Teil des Gehäuses 11 endet, in einem Bereich in dem sich das gasförmige Kältemittel 14 befindet. An diesem oberen Ende ist an der Leitung 20 ein nach oben offener Zwischenbehälter 21 mit Wandungen 22 derart vorgesehen, dass die Leitung 20 den Zwischenbehälter 21 von unten her durchdringt und etwas oberhalb der Wandungen 22 des Zwischenbehälters 21 endet. Dabei ist der Zwischenbehälter 21 oberhalb des sich im unteren Teil des Gehäuses 11 befindlichen flüssigen Kältemittels 15 und des Öles 16 angeordnet.The supplied through the supply line 12 refrigerant is predominantly gaseous, as well as the derivative through the discharge line 13 refrigerant. The supply line 12 terminates in the lower part of the housing 11, in an area in which the liquid refrigerant 15 and the oil 16 are located. It ends below a vertically arranged, funnel-shaped open line 20, which ends in the upper part of the housing 11, in an area in which the gaseous refrigerant 14 is located. At this upper end, an upwardly open intermediate container 21 with walls 22 is provided on the line 20 such that the conduit 20 penetrates the intermediate container 21 from below and ends slightly above the walls 22 of the intermediate container 21. In this case, the intermediate container 21 above the located in the lower part of the housing 11 liquid refrigerant 15 and the oil 16 is arranged.

Die Wandungen 22 des Zwischenbehälters 21 sind porös, wobei deren Funktion an späterer Stelle näher beschrieben wird. Vom Zwischenbehälter 21 zweigt seitlich, etwa in der Mitte von der Höhe der Wandungen 22 eine Ölrückführleitung 23 ab, welche der Ableitung 13 weiter unten im Gehäuse 11 zugeführt ist. Hierbei ist der Durchmesser der Ölrückführleitung 23 kleiner als der Durchmesser der Ableitung 13.The walls 22 of the intermediate container 21 are porous, their function will be described in more detail later. From the intermediate container 21 branches laterally, approximately in the middle of the height of the walls 22 from an oil return line 23 from which the discharge line 13 further down in the housing 11 is supplied. Here, the diameter of the oil return line 23 is smaller than the diameter of the discharge line 13.

Durch die Turbulenzen, die beim Einströmen des durch die Zuleitung 12 zugeleiteten gasförmigen Kältemittels 14 entstehen, erfolgt eine ständige Vermischung der ölarmen Phase 15 und der ölreichen Phase 16, so dass eine inhomogene Flüssigkeit, im folgenden als Kältemittel-Öl-Mischung 24 bezeichnet, entsteht. Hierbei dient die Zuleitung 12 als Mischvorrichtung 25. Das zugeführte gasförmige Kältemittel 14 reißt einen Teil der Kältemittel-Öl-Mischung 24 mit und transportiert diese durch die Leitung 20 in den Zwischenbehälter 21. Insbesondere aufgrund der porösen Wandungen 22 kommt es zu einer Anreicherung der viskoseren Phase, d.h. des Öles 16, im Zwischenbehälter 21, weil die weniger viskose ölarme Phase 15 die porösen Wandungen 22 schneller durchdringt und nach unten abtropft als die höher viskose ölreiche Phase 16. Der Zwischenbehälter 21 dient somit als Trennvorrichtung 26 für flüssiges Kältemittel 15 und Öl 16, wobei sich das Öl 16 im Zwischenbehälter 21 anreichert.As a result of the turbulences which occur when the gaseous refrigerant 14 fed in through the feed line 12 flows in, the oil-poor phase 15 and the oil-rich phase 16 are mixed continuously, so that an inhomogeneous liquid, hereinafter referred to as the refrigerant-oil mixture 24, is formed , Here, the feed line 12 serves as a mixing device 25. The supplied gaseous refrigerant 14 ruptures a part of the refrigerant-oil mixture 24 and transports it through the line 20 into the intermediate container 21. In particular, due to the porous walls 22, there is an accumulation of viscous Phase, ie of the oil 16, in the intermediate container 21, because the less viscous oil-poor phase 15 penetrates the porous walls 22 faster and drips down than the higher viscous oil-rich phase 16. The intermediate container 21 thus serves as a separator 26 for liquid refrigerant 15 and oil 16, said the oil 16 accumulates in the intermediate container 21.

Alternativ zu porösen Wandungen 22 können entsprechend kleine Öffnungen in den Wandungen 22 vorgesehen sein, die zu einer Trennung der Kältemittel-Öl-Mischung 24 führen.As an alternative to porous walls 22, correspondingly small openings may be provided in the walls 22, which lead to a separation of the refrigerant-oil mixture 24.

Somit gelangt insbesondere Öl 16 durch die Ölrückführleitung 23 zur Ableitung 13, während das flüssige Kältemittel 15 im Niederdrucksammler 10 verbleibt. Da die Ölrückführleitung 23 etwa in Mitte der Höhe der porösen Wandungen 22 vom Zwischenbehälter 21 seitlich abzweigt, wird sichergestellt, dass auch im Falle eines Aufschwimmens von Öl 16 bei sehr niedrigen Temperaturen vor allem Öl 16 durch die Ölrückführleitung 23 der Ableitung 13 zugeführt wird und kein oder nur in minimalen Mengen flüssiges Kältemittel 15 anstelle von Öl 16 in den Kreislauf gelangt.Thus, in particular oil 16 passes through the oil return line 23 to the discharge 13, while the liquid refrigerant 15 remains in the low-pressure accumulator 10. Since the oil return line 23 branches off laterally approximately in the middle of the height of the porous walls 22 of the intermediate container 21, it is ensured that even in the case of floating of oil 16 at very low temperatures, especially oil 16 is fed through the oil return line 23 of the discharge 13 and no or only in minimal amounts of liquid refrigerant 15 instead of oil 16 enters the circuit.

Fig. 3 zeigt das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel. Hierbei sind gleiche oder gleichwirkende Elemente mit um 100 höheren Bezugszeichen als beim ersten Ausführungsbeispiel bezeichnet.Fig. 3 shows the second embodiment. Here, the same or equivalent elements are designated by 100 higher reference numerals than in the first embodiment.

Der Niederdrucksammler 110 weist ebenfalls ein Gehäuse 111 mit einer im unteren Teil des Gehäuses 111 endenden Zuleitung 112 und einer im oberen Teil des Gehäuses 111 beginnenden Ableitung 113 auf. Im Gehäuse 111 sind gasförmiges Kältemittel 114 im oberen Teil, sowie flüssiges Kältemittel 115 und Öl 116 im unteren Teil des Gehäuses 111 enthalten. Entsprechend dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel erfolgt durch das durch die Zuleitung 112 zugeleitete gasförmige Kältemittel 114 eine Vermischung des im unteren Teil des Gehäuses 111 befindlichen flüssigen kältemittels 115 und des Öles 116, so dass wiederum eine Kältemittel-Öl-Mischung 124 entsteht. Hierbei dient die Zuleitung 112 entsprechend dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel als Mischvorrichtung 125.The low-pressure header 110 likewise has a housing 111 with a supply line 112 terminating in the lower part of the housing 111 and a discharge line 113 beginning in the upper part of the housing 111. In the housing 111 gaseous refrigerant 114 in the upper part, as well as liquid refrigerant 115 and oil 116 in the lower part of the housing 111 are included. According to the first exemplary embodiment, mixing of the liquid refrigerant 115 and the oil 116 located in the lower part of the housing 111 takes place through the gaseous refrigerant 114 fed through the feed line 112, so that a refrigerant-oil mixture 124 is again formed. Here, the feed line 112 according to the first embodiment serves as a mixing device 125.

Entsprechend dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel ist im Gehäuse 111 eine im wesentlichen vertikal angeordnete Leitung 120 vorgesehen, welche unten trichterartig erweitert ist und oben offen endet. Etwas unterhalb von dem oberen Ende der Leitung 120 ist eine Beruhigungsvorrichtung 120' in Form einer Kaskade 120" vorgesehen, welche zur Verringerung von Turbulenzen in der Kältemittel-Öl-Mischung 124 dient, welche dem unterhalb der Kaskade 120" angeordneten Zwischenbehälter 121 somit beruhigt zugeführt wird. Der Zwischenbehälter 121 weist, entsprechend dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel, poröse Wandungen 122 auf, durch die das flüssige Kältemittel 115 austreten und wieder in den unteren Teil des Niederdrucksammlers 110 gelangen kann, wo sich der größte Teil der Kältemittel-Öl-Mischung 124 befindet, während sich das Öl 116 im als Trennvorrichtung 126 dienenden Zwischenbehälter 121 anreichert. Wie beim ersten Ausführungsbeispiel geht von dem Zwischenbehälter 121, etwa mittig bezüglich der Höhe der porösen Wandungen 122, eine Ölrückführleitung 125 aus zur Ableitung 113.According to the first embodiment, a substantially vertically arranged line 120 is provided in the housing 111, which is widened like a funnel below and ends open at the top. Slightly below the upper end of the conduit 120, there is provided a calming device 120 'in the form of a cascade 120 "which serves to reduce turbulence in the refrigerant-oil mixture 124 which is thus calmly supplied to the intermediate vessel 121 disposed below the cascade 120" becomes. The intermediate container 121 has, according to the first embodiment, porous walls 122 through which the liquid refrigerant 115 can exit and re-enter the lower part of the low-pressure header 110, where most of the refrigerant-oil mixture 124 is located the oil 116 enriches in serving as a separator 126 intermediate container 121. As in the first embodiment goes from the Intermediate tank 121, approximately centrally with respect to the height of the porous walls 122, an oil return line 125 from the discharge 113th

Die Funktion des Niederdrucksammlers 110 entspricht im wesentlichen derjenigen des Niederdrucksammlers 10 gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel.The function of the low pressure accumulator 110 substantially corresponds to that of the low pressure accumulator 10 according to the first embodiment.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

  • 1 CO2-Klimaanlage1 CO2 air conditioning
  • 2 Kompressor2 compressor
  • 3 Wärmeübertrager Kältemittel/Umgebungsluft3 heat exchanger refrigerant / ambient air
  • 4 Innerer Wärmeübertrager4 internal heat exchanger
  • 5 Expansionsorgan5 expansion organ
  • 6 Wärmeübertrager Kältemittel/Zuluft6 Heat exchanger refrigerant / supply air
  • 7 4/2-Wege-Ventil7 4/2-way valve
  • 10, 110, 210 Niederdrucksammler10, 110, 210 low-pressure accumulator
  • 11, 111, 211 Gehäuse11, 111, 211 housing
  • 12, 112, 212 Zuleitung12, 112, 212 supply line
  • 13, 113, 213 Ableitung13, 113, 213 derivation
  • 14, 114, 214 gasförmiges Kältemittel14, 114, 214 gaseous refrigerant
  • 15, 115, 215 flüssiges Kältemittel15, 115, 215 liquid refrigerant
  • 16, 116, 216 Öl16, 116, 216 oil
  • 20, 120 Leitung20, 120 line
  • 21, 121 Zwischenbehälter21, 121 intermediate container
  • 22, 122 poröse Wandung22, 122 porous wall
  • 23, 123 Ölrückführleitung23, 123 Oil return line
  • 24, 124 Kältemittel-Öl-Mischung24, 124 refrigerant-oil mixture
  • 25, 125 Mischvorrichtung25, 125 mixing device
  • 26, 126 Trennvorrichtung26, 126 separating device
  • 120' Beruhigungsvorrichtung120 'calming device
  • 120" Kaskade120 "cascade
  • 217 Bohrung217 bore

Claims (10)

  1. Low pressure accumulator, particularly for a CO2 air conditioning system (1) for a motor vehicle, which contains gaseous refrigerant (14; 114), liquid refrigerant in the form of a phase (15; 115) with low oil content, and oil in the form of an oil-rich phase (16; 116), with an inlet line (12; 112) and an outlet line (13; 113) for the refrigerant (14; 114) mixed with the oil-rich phase (16; 116), characterised in that the low pressure accumulator comprises a separator (26; 126), said separator (26; 126) comprising an intermediate container (21; 121) and a wall (22; 122) permeable to liquid, said wall being of porous structure or having holes of small diameter, and the low pressure accumulator also comprises a mixer (25; 125) connected upstream from the separator, an oil return line (23; 123) running from the said intermediate container (21; 121) to the said outlet line (13; 113) being provided, the said oil return line (23; 123) having a smaller diameter than the outlet line (13; 113) and running from an area of the intermediate container (21; 121) that is central in relation to the height of the intermediate container (21; 121).
  2. Low pressure accumulator according to Claim 1, characterised in that the separator (26; 126) is positioned in the upper part of the low pressure accumulator 10; 110).
  3. Low pressure accumulator according to Claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the refrigerant inlet line acts as a mixer (25; 125) in which the low-oil phase (15; 115) and the oil-rich phase (16; 116) are mixed.
  4. Low pressure accumulator according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the refrigerant passing in acts as a transport medium which carries the low-oil phase (15;115) and the oil-rich phase (16; 116) to the separator (26; 126).
  5. Low pressure accumulator according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inlet line (12; 112) leads to the lower part of the low pressure accumulator (10; 110).
  6. Low pressure accumulator according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the opening leading into the oil return line (23; 123) is positioned under the opening leading to the outlet line (13; 113).
  7. Low pressure accumulator according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that a turbulence-suppressing device (120') is provided upstream from, or in the separator (126).
  8. Low pressure accumulator according to Claim 7, characterised in that as the turbulence-suppressing device (120') a cascade (120") is arranged above the intermediate container (121).
  9. Air conditioning system, particularly a CO2 air conditioning system, characterised by a low pressure accumulator (10; 110) according to any of the preceding claims.
  10. Method for the operation of a low pressure accumulator (10; 110), particularly for a CO2 air conditioning system for a motor vehicle, which contains gaseous refrigerant (14; 114), liquid refrigerant in the form of a phase (15; 115) with low oil content, and oil in the form of an oil-rich phase (16; 116), with an inlet line (12; 112) and an outlet line (13; 113) for the refrigerant (14; 114) mixed with the oil-rich phase (16; 116), characterised in that the separator (26; 126) comprises an intermediate container (21; 121) and a wall (22; 122) permeable to liquid, the said wall being of porous structure or having holes of small diameter, and the low pressure accumulator also comprises a mixer (25; 125) connected upstream from the separator, so that the low-oil phase (15; 115) and the oil-rich phase (16; 116) are mixed by a mixer (25; 125) before separation and in the low pressure accumulator (10; 110) the low-oil phase (15; 115) and the oil-rich phase (16; 116) are separated by a separator (26; 126), and from the intermediate container (21; 121) an oil return line (23; 123) is provided between the intermediate container (21; 121) and the outlet line ((13; 113), the said oil return line (23; 123) having a smaller diameter than the outlet line (13; 113) and running from an area of the intermediate container (21; 121) that is central in relation to the height of the intermediate container (21; 121).
EP02027540A 2001-12-13 2002-12-09 Low pressure accumulator particularly for a CO2 operated air conditioning system Expired - Lifetime EP1321730B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10161238A DE10161238A1 (en) 2001-12-13 2001-12-13 Low pressure accumulator, in particular for a CO2 air conditioning system
DE10161238 2001-12-13

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EP1321730A3 EP1321730A3 (en) 2003-10-08
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JP2005337592A (en) * 2004-05-27 2005-12-08 Tgk Co Ltd Refrigerating cycle
US7082785B2 (en) 2004-07-13 2006-08-01 Carrier Corporation Oil separator for vapor compression system compressor
FR2941890B1 (en) † 2009-02-09 2011-09-09 Valeo Systemes Thermiques STORAGE DEVICE HAVING A MEANS FOR TURBULENCE.
FR2951256B1 (en) * 2009-10-12 2012-02-24 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa AIR CONDITIONING DEVICE COMPRISING A REGULATED LEVEL TANK
JP5888114B2 (en) 2012-05-23 2016-03-16 ダイキン工業株式会社 Refrigeration equipment
JP5842733B2 (en) * 2012-05-23 2016-01-13 ダイキン工業株式会社 Refrigeration equipment

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DD121979A1 (en) * 1975-10-20 1976-09-05
US5282370A (en) * 1992-05-07 1994-02-01 Fayette Tubular Technology Corporation Air-conditioning system accumulator and method of making same
JP3104513B2 (en) * 1993-12-28 2000-10-30 三菱電機株式会社 accumulator
JP3215614B2 (en) * 1995-11-02 2001-10-09 松下精工株式会社 Refrigeration cycle and refrigeration cycle parts for air conditioners
JP3339332B2 (en) * 1996-11-06 2002-10-28 三菱電機株式会社 Accumulator, refrigeration cycle device
US6026655A (en) * 1997-02-27 2000-02-22 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Liquid accumulator with inlet tube
JP3275229B2 (en) * 1997-03-19 2002-04-15 三菱電機株式会社 Accumulators and refrigeration cycles
JPH10267472A (en) * 1997-03-26 1998-10-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Accumulator for refrigerating cycle
JPH1114199A (en) * 1997-06-24 1999-01-22 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Accumulator
JP4069567B2 (en) * 1999-05-24 2008-04-02 株式会社デンソー accumulator

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DE50211199D1 (en) 2007-12-27
DE10161238A1 (en) 2003-06-26
EP1321730A2 (en) 2003-06-25
ATE378563T1 (en) 2007-11-15

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