EP1314171B1 - Electrical component and method for production thereof - Google Patents
Electrical component and method for production thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1314171B1 EP1314171B1 EP01957747A EP01957747A EP1314171B1 EP 1314171 B1 EP1314171 B1 EP 1314171B1 EP 01957747 A EP01957747 A EP 01957747A EP 01957747 A EP01957747 A EP 01957747A EP 1314171 B1 EP1314171 B1 EP 1314171B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- intermediate layer
- basic body
- solution
- liquid
- protective layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018651 Mn—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229960004624 perflexane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZJIJAJXFLBMLCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorohexane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ZJIJAJXFLBMLCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVBBRRALBYAZBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorooctane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YVBBRRALBYAZBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/04—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
- Y10T29/49085—Thermally variable
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
- Y10T29/49087—Resistor making with envelope or housing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
- Y10T29/49087—Resistor making with envelope or housing
- Y10T29/49098—Applying terminal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
- Y10T29/49147—Assembling terminal to base
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrical component with a A body comprising a ceramic material, and at least two contact areas arranged on the base body, where connecting elements are attached, which with a Enveloped with organic constituents protective layer is. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of the electrical component.
- the document DE 198 51 869 A1 discloses electrical components of the type mentioned above, the thermistor temperature sensor from a disk-shaped ceramic Represent material. Next to the material attached Lead wires, the temperature sensor has an epoxy resin cladding, the one additional component with hydrophobic properties contains.
- the known electrical component has the disadvantage that it is sensitive to moisture. Although it is a hydrophobic Envelope of epoxy resin possesses, for example, by Dipping can be made under action moisture and / or water as a result of migration effects Failures occur.
- applied voltage is namely between the two electric poles of the ceramic element, in which the Connecting wires are attached, a potential difference. If Under the conditions of use in a humid environment forms closed water film between the electrodes, so starts a material transport (mediated by silver, Tin and lead from that used when soldering the leads Lot) from the anode to the cathode. This forms metallic Films that are suitable, similar to printed conductors to act on the surface of the ceramic.
- Thermistor temperature sensors may therefore only be used for applications be provided, where a condensation or water on the temperature sensor not he follows.
- the thermistor temperature sensor with a To provide glass cladding In this construction can However, due to the high process temperatures no isolated Connecting wires are used. There is also here the danger that under appropriate conditions of use Damage due to electrochemical corrosion of the wires or Migration over the vitreous can occur.
- the aim of the present invention is therefore a component specify the type mentioned, which also under the influence moisture has a high useful life.
- the invention provides an electrical component, with a Basic body comprising a ceramic material and at least two arranged on the body contact areas on which connecting elements are attached, that of an organic Ingredients containing protective layer is wrapped and a disposed between the base body and the protective layer Intermediate layer comprising an intermediate layer material which is both hydrophobic and lipophobic is.
- the device according to the invention has the advantage that by the intermediate layer of hydrophobic material penetrate of moisture from the outside to the surface of the body the places where the main body of the intermediate layer is covered, can be effectively reduced.
- the device according to the invention has the advantage that due to the lipophobic material property of the intermediate layer this compatible with the surrounding the body Protective layer is.
- this can also be a migration of components of the Protective layer through the intermediate layer on the surface of the main body including thereby enabled Damage can be effectively prevented.
- the intermediate layer the Main body of the device tightly encloses, so that at the entire surface of the main body of the admission of moisture is difficult.
- a component is particularly advantageous in which the interlayer material is soluble in a liquid, with which the base body can be wetted.
- Such a device has the advantage that the intermediate layer in a simple way by dipping the Base body can be made into a solution that the Liquid and the intermediate layer material dissolved therein contains.
- a component is particularly advantageous in which the thickness of the intermediate layer at the thinnest point at least 1.5 microns. Because of this minimum thickness is guaranteed that at all points where the intermediate layer at Body is arranged, the access of moisture to Body is difficult.
- a suitable material for the intermediate layer, the required Properties, for example, is a fluoropolymer. It is a perfluorinated carbon skeleton.
- the carbon skeleton can consist of chains, from connected ring systems or even a mixed form of both be constructed.
- polyethers are also usable, which have no C-C chains but C-O-C chains.
- the molecular weight of the polymer is advantageously over 1000 g / mol.
- a fluoropolymer that in certain solvents, preferably in perfluorinated ones Alkanes, is soluble.
- the fluorine-containing polymer can furthermore have the advantage that it has a soft, waxy consistency, which Favorable to the thermal shock resistance of Layer and also of the entire component can affect.
- the protective layer of the component can advantageously made of a material that is electrically insulating and at the same time to protect the intermediate layer from abrasion suitable is.
- a protective layer of this material has the advantage that it is the device from the outside against protects electrical short circuits.
- the protective layer has the advantage that they are the intermediate layer of a Fluoropolymer, which have low mechanical resistance and may have a soft, waxy consistency, effective against mechanical damage by, for example Abrasion can protect.
- a protective layer with respect to the required properties the electrical insulation and the protection of the intermediate layer comprises, advantageously consists of epoxy resin, Silicone or urethane.
- the invention provides a method for producing a electrical component, which starts from a base body, comprising a ceramic material. It has the Base body at least two contact areas on which connecting elements are attached.
- the method comprises the following steps:
- the main body is in a solution submerged, the one wetting the main body liquid and a hydrophobic and lipophobic dissolved in this liquid Interlayer material contains.
- the base body is so immersed in the solution that the body is completely inside the solution.
- the body is so out of the solution taken from that part of the solution as a the basic body completely enveloping film adheres to it.
- the film contained therein Liquid deprived by evaporation, creating the intermediate layer arises.
- the protective layer is applied to the intermediate layer.
- the protective layer can advantageously turn by dipping of the body in a corresponding solution or Liquid are applied.
- the inventive method for producing the electrical Component has the advantage that it is particularly simple is to be realized, since for the application of the intermediate layer only the main body of the device immersed in a solution must become. Furthermore, the method has the advantage that the preparation of the intermediate layer from the solution Evaporation of liquid in a liquid film happens. Such evaporation requires in addition to simple storage of the component z. B. at room temperature no further technical measures and is therefore very cost-effective to realize.
- the method can be carried out particularly advantageously by the viscosity of the solution into which the base dips, by suitable choice of the content of the solution of interlayer material adjusted so that the at the base body sticky film leads to an intermediate layer, the on the thinnest point is at least 1.5 ⁇ m thick. Through this Measure is ensured that the interlayer at each Has the required minimum thickness.
- the intermediate layer material dissolved in Contains mold advantageously, a perfluoroalkane can be used in which a suitable as an interlayer material Fluoropolymer is soluble.
- the figure shows an example of an inventive electrical Component in schematic cross section.
- the figure shows an electrical component with a base body 1, which consists of a polycrystalline ceramic of the spinel type, in particular, of the Mn-Ni spinel type and above In addition, further doping or minor components may contain. In addition, ceramics are also conceivable which consist of other main components.
- the above Mn-Ni spinel type ceramic is usually used as a base body 1 used for thermistor temperature sensor. Just It is special with such thermistor temperature sensors important that the body has a stable electrical resistance which is not affected by the action of moisture is changed.
- the figure also shows a first contact region 2 and a second contact area 3, which at the top or Underside of the base body 1 are applied. These Contact areas, for example, by a silver-baking paste be prepared.
- a first connection element 4 is fixed, which for example a wire provided with an electrical insulation can be.
- the attachment of such a wire on the first Contact area 2 is preferably carried out by soldering.
- a second connection element 5 in Attached form of a soldered, insulated wire.
- the main body 1 is enveloped by an intermediate layer 7, by immersing the body 1 in a solution of a Fluoropolymer is applied.
- This fluoropolymer is off built up multi-cyclic monomer units and its molecular weight is about 2000 g / mol.
- the concentration of the solution This polymer is between 1% and 30%. By the Concentration of the solution can adjust the viscosity of the solution be, whereby the thickness of the intermediate layer. 7 is determined.
- solvents for example, the easy available perfluoroalkanes, in particular perfluorohexane or Perfluorooctane suitable.
- the sheath with a Two-component epoxy encapsulated in the dipping process, causing the Protective layer 6 is formed.
- the intermediate layer 7 it should be noted that due to the application of the layer in a dipping process a largely homogeneous layer thickness, as shown in the figure is, can not be achieved. Rather, the Layer at the edges of the body 1 much thinner be, for example, between the contact areas 2, 3. In the embodiment described here became an intermediate layer 7 made at the edges of the main body 1 a layer thickness of less than 2 microns and others Make thicknesses can have up to 5 microns.
- the protective layer 6 is by means of the dipping method described so applied that it has a layer thickness between 100 microns and 1000 microns. Regarding the protective layer 6 applies their layer thickness the same as for the intermediate layer 7 said.
- a protective layer 6 are all suitable Standard wrapping materials, for example based on Epoxy resin, which are electrically insulating and the minimum strength against the formation of cracks exhibit. In addition to epoxy resin also come PU resin or silicone varnish into consideration.
- the protective layer 6 may be in addition to the dipping method also applied with another method be, for. B. with the powder coating process.
- the base body 1 When producing the intermediate layer 7 or the Protective layer 6, the base body 1 is preferably in the immersed appropriate liquid that end portions 8, 9th the connection elements 4, 5 remain uncoated and so as electrical contacts for connecting the device in one Circuit can be used.
- Temperature sensor was under different test conditions tested for its water resistance. This was for example a water storage at a temperature of 80 ° C and an applied DC voltage of 3 V over 2000 hours carried out. This test was done by the temperature sensor without Change in electrical resistance survived.
- the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment, but becomes in its most general form defined by claim 1 or claim 8.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisches Bauelement mit einem Grundkörper, der ein keramisches Material umfaßt, und mit wenigstens zwei auf dem Grundkörper angeordneten Kontaktbereichen, an denen Anschlußelemente befestigt sind, das mit einer organische Bestandteile enthaltenden Schutzschicht umhüllt ist. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des elektrischen Bauelements.The invention relates to an electrical component with a A body comprising a ceramic material, and at least two contact areas arranged on the base body, where connecting elements are attached, which with a Enveloped with organic constituents protective layer is. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of the electrical component.
Aus der Druckschrift DE 198 51 869 A1 sind elektrische Bauelemente der eingangs genannten Art bekannt, die einen Heißleiter-Temperaturfühler aus einem scheibenförmigen keramischen Werkstoff darstellen. Neben an dem Werkstoff angebrachten Anschlußdrähten besitzt der Temperaturfühler eine Epoxydharz-Umhüllung, die eine Zusatzkomponente mit hydrophoben Eigenschaften enthält.The document DE 198 51 869 A1 discloses electrical components of the type mentioned above, the thermistor temperature sensor from a disk-shaped ceramic Represent material. Next to the material attached Lead wires, the temperature sensor has an epoxy resin cladding, the one additional component with hydrophobic properties contains.
Das bekannte elektrische Bauelement hat den Nachteil, daß es empfindlich ist gegenüber Feuchte. Obwohl es eine hydrophobe Umhüllung aus Epoxydharz besitzt, die beispielsweise durch Eintauchen hergestellt werden kann, können unter Einwirkung von Feuchte und/oder Wasser in Folge von Migrationseffekten Ausfälle auftreten. Durch die bei dem Betrieb des Bauelements verwendete anliegende Spannung besteht nämlich zwischen den beiden elektrischen Polen des Keramikelements, an denen die Anschlußdrähte befestigt sind, eine Potentialdifferenz. Wenn sich unter den Einsatzbedingungen bei feuchter Umgebung ein geschlossener Wasserfilm zwischen den Elektroden ausbildet, so startet ein Materialtransport (vermittelt durch Silber, Zinn und Blei von dem beim Anlöten der Anschlußdrähte verwendeten Lot) von der Anode zur Kathode. Dabei bilden sich metallische Filme, die geeignet sind, ähnlich wie Leiterbahnen auf der Oberfläche der Keramik zu fungieren. Dadurch nimmt der Widerstand des Sensors derart stark ab, daß es unter ungünstigen Umständen durch einen Kurzschluß sogar zu einem Totalausfall des Heißleiter-Temperaturfühlers kommen kann. Derartige Heißleiter-Temperaturfühler dürfen deshalb nur für Anwendungsgebiete vorgesehen werden, bei denen eine Betauung beziehungsweise Wassereinwirkung am Temperaturfühler nicht erfolgt.The known electrical component has the disadvantage that it is sensitive to moisture. Although it is a hydrophobic Envelope of epoxy resin possesses, for example, by Dipping can be made under action moisture and / or water as a result of migration effects Failures occur. By in the operation of the device applied voltage is namely between the two electric poles of the ceramic element, in which the Connecting wires are attached, a potential difference. If Under the conditions of use in a humid environment forms closed water film between the electrodes, so starts a material transport (mediated by silver, Tin and lead from that used when soldering the leads Lot) from the anode to the cathode. This forms metallic Films that are suitable, similar to printed conductors to act on the surface of the ceramic. As a result, takes the resistance of the sensor from so strong that it is unfavorable Circumstances caused by a short circuit even to a total failure the thermistor temperature sensor can come. such Thermistor temperature sensors may therefore only be used for applications be provided, where a condensation or water on the temperature sensor not he follows.
Zur Umgehung des geschilderten Problems ist es aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt, den Heißleiter-Temperaturfühler mit einer Glasumhüllung zu versehen. Bei dieser Konstruktion können allerdings aufgrund der hohen Prozeßtemperaturen keine isolierten Anschlußdrähte eingesetzt werden. Außerdem besteht hier die Gefahr, daß bei entsprechenden Anwendungsbedingungen Schädigungen durch elektrochemische Korrosion der Drähte oder Migration über den Glaskörper auftreten können.To circumvent the problem described it is from the state known in the art, the thermistor temperature sensor with a To provide glass cladding. In this construction can However, due to the high process temperatures no isolated Connecting wires are used. There is also here the danger that under appropriate conditions of use Damage due to electrochemical corrosion of the wires or Migration over the vitreous can occur.
Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein Bauelement der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, das auch unter Einwirkung von Feuchtigkeit eine hohe Brauchbarkeitsdauer aufweist.The aim of the present invention is therefore a component specify the type mentioned, which also under the influence moisture has a high useful life.
Dieses Ziel wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein elektrisches Bauelement nach Patentanspruch 1 erreicht. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Erfindung sind den weiteren Ansprüchen zu entnehmen.This object is achieved by an electrical component achieved according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention as well as a method for the production The invention can be found in the further claims.
Die Erfindung gibt ein elektrisches Bauelement an, mit einem Grundkörper umfassend ein keramisches Material und wenigstens zwei auf dem Grundkörper angeordneten Kontaktbereichen, an denen Anschlußelemente befestigt sind, das von einer organische Bestandteile enthaltenden Schutzschicht umhüllt ist und eine zwischen dem Grundkörper und der Schutzschicht angeordnete Zwischenschicht umfaßt, die aus einem Zwischenschichtmaterial besteht, welches sowohl hydrophob als auch lipophob ist.The invention provides an electrical component, with a Basic body comprising a ceramic material and at least two arranged on the body contact areas on which connecting elements are attached, that of an organic Ingredients containing protective layer is wrapped and a disposed between the base body and the protective layer Intermediate layer comprising an intermediate layer material which is both hydrophobic and lipophobic is.
Das erfindungsgemäße Bauelement hat den Vorteil, daß durch die Zwischenschicht aus hydrophobem Material das Eindringen von Feuchte von außen auf die Oberfläche des Grundkörpers an den Stellen, an denen der Grundkörper von der Zwischenschicht abgedeckt ist, wirksam reduziert werden kann.The device according to the invention has the advantage that by the intermediate layer of hydrophobic material penetrate of moisture from the outside to the surface of the body the places where the main body of the intermediate layer is covered, can be effectively reduced.
Desweiteren hat das erfindungsgemäße Bauelement den Vorteil, daß aufgrund der lipophoben Materialeigenschaft der Zwischenschicht diese verträglich mit der den Grundkörper umgebenden Schutzschicht ist. Insbesondere findet keine chemische Reaktion zwischen der Schutzschicht und der Zwischenschicht statt. Dadurch kann auch ein Wandern von Bestandteilen der Schutzschicht durch die Zwischenschicht auf die Oberfläche des Grundkörpers einschließlich der dadurch ermöglichten Schädigungen wirksam verhindert werden.Furthermore, the device according to the invention has the advantage that due to the lipophobic material property of the intermediate layer this compatible with the surrounding the body Protective layer is. In particular, there is no chemical reaction between the protective layer and the intermediate layer instead of. This can also be a migration of components of the Protective layer through the intermediate layer on the surface of the main body including thereby enabled Damage can be effectively prevented.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Zwischenschicht den Grundkörper des Bauelements dicht umschließt, so daß an der gesamten Oberfläche des Grundkörpers der Zutritt von Feuchte erschwert ist.It is particularly advantageous if the intermediate layer the Main body of the device tightly encloses, so that at the entire surface of the main body of the admission of moisture is difficult.
Desweiteren ist ein Bauelement besonders vorteilhaft, bei dem das Zwischenschichtmaterial in einer Flüssigkeit löslich ist, mit der der Grundkörper benetzt werden kann.Furthermore, a component is particularly advantageous in which the interlayer material is soluble in a liquid, with which the base body can be wetted.
Ein solches Bauelement hat den Vorteil, daß die Zwischenschicht auf einfache Art und Weise durch Eintauchen des Grundkörpers in eine Lösung hergestellt werden kann, die die Flüssigkeit und das darin gelöste Zwischenschichtmaterial enthält.Such a device has the advantage that the intermediate layer in a simple way by dipping the Base body can be made into a solution that the Liquid and the intermediate layer material dissolved therein contains.
Dadurch, daß der Grundkörper von der Flüssigkeit benetzt werden kann, ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß der Grundkörper problemlos so mit der Zwischenschicht bedeckt werden kann, daß die Zwischenschicht den Grundkörper dicht umschließt.Characterized in that the body are wetted by the liquid can, there is the advantage that the body easily so can be covered with the intermediate layer, that the intermediate layer tightly encloses the base body.
Desweiteren ist ein Bauelement besonders vorteilhaft, bei dem die Dicke der Zwischenschicht an der dünnsten Stelle wenigstens 1,5 µm beträgt. Aufgrund dieser Mindestdicke ist garantiert, daß an allen Stellen, an denen die Zwischenschicht am Grundkörper angeordnet ist, der Zutritt von Feuchte zum Grundkörper erschwert ist.Furthermore, a component is particularly advantageous in which the thickness of the intermediate layer at the thinnest point at least 1.5 microns. Because of this minimum thickness is guaranteed that at all points where the intermediate layer at Body is arranged, the access of moisture to Body is difficult.
Ein für die Zwischenschicht geeignetes Material, das die geforderten Eigenschaften aufweist, ist beispielsweise ein Fluorpolymer. Dabei handelt es sich um ein perfluoriertes Kohlenstoffgerüst. Das Kohlenstoffgerüst kann dabei aus Ketten, aus verbundenen Ringsystemen oder auch einer Mischform beider aufgebaut sein. Insbesondere ist ein Zwischenschichtmaterial besonders vorteilhaft, das aus kondensierten perfluorierten Ringsystemen besteht. Desweiteren sind auch Polyether verwendbar, die keine C-C-Ketten, sondern C-O-C-Ketten aufweisen. Das Molekulargewicht des Polymers liegt vorteilhafterweise über 1000 g/mol. Vorteilhaft ist auch ein Fluorpolymer, das in bestimmten Lösungsmitteln, vorzugsweise in perfluorierten Alkanen, löslich ist.A suitable material for the intermediate layer, the required Properties, for example, is a fluoropolymer. It is a perfluorinated carbon skeleton. The carbon skeleton can consist of chains, from connected ring systems or even a mixed form of both be constructed. In particular, an intermediate layer material particularly advantageous, that of condensed perfluorinated Ringsystems exists. Furthermore, polyethers are also usable, which have no C-C chains but C-O-C chains. The molecular weight of the polymer is advantageously over 1000 g / mol. Also advantageous is a fluoropolymer, that in certain solvents, preferably in perfluorinated ones Alkanes, is soluble.
Das fluorhaltige Polymer kann weiterhin den Vorteil haben, daß es eine weiche, wachsartige Konsistenz aufweist, welche sich günstig auf die Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit der Schicht und auch des gesamten Bauelements auswirken kann.The fluorine-containing polymer can furthermore have the advantage that it has a soft, waxy consistency, which Favorable to the thermal shock resistance of Layer and also of the entire component can affect.
Die Schutzschicht des Bauelements kann dabei vorteilhafterweise aus einem Material bestehen, das elektrisch isolierend und gleichzeitig zum Schutz der Zwischenschicht vor Abrieb geeignet ist. Eine Schutzschicht aus diesem genannten Material hat den Vorteil, daß es das Bauelement von Außen gegen elektrische Kurzschlüsse schützt. Zum anderen hat die Schutzschicht den Vorteil, daß sie die Zwischenschicht aus einem Fluorpolymer, das eine geringe mechanische Beständigkeit haben und eine weiche, wachsartige Konsistenz aufweisen kann, wirksam vor mechanischen Beschädigungen durch zum Beispiel Abrieb schützen kann.The protective layer of the component can advantageously made of a material that is electrically insulating and at the same time to protect the intermediate layer from abrasion suitable is. A protective layer of this material has the advantage that it is the device from the outside against protects electrical short circuits. On the other hand, the protective layer has the advantage that they are the intermediate layer of a Fluoropolymer, which have low mechanical resistance and may have a soft, waxy consistency, effective against mechanical damage by, for example Abrasion can protect.
Eine Schutzschicht, die die geforderten Eigenschaften bezüglich der elektrischen Isolierung und dem Schutz der Zwischenschicht aufweist, besteht vorteilhafterweise aus Epoxydharz, Silikon oder auch Urethan.A protective layer with respect to the required properties the electrical insulation and the protection of the intermediate layer comprises, advantageously consists of epoxy resin, Silicone or urethane.
Ferner gibt die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Bauelements an, das von einem Grundkörper ausgeht, der ein keramisches Material umfaßt. Dabei weist der Grundkörper wenigstens zwei Kontaktbereiche auf, an denen Anschlußelemente befestigt sind.Furthermore, the invention provides a method for producing a electrical component, which starts from a base body, comprising a ceramic material. It has the Base body at least two contact areas on which connecting elements are attached.
In einem ersten Schritt wird der Grundkörper in eine Lösung eingetaucht, die eine den Grundkörper benetzende Flüssigkeit und ein in dieser Flüssigkeit gelöstes hydrophobes und lipophobes Zwischenschichtmaterial enthält. Vorteilhafterweise wird der Grundkörper dabei so in die Lösung eingetaucht, daß der Grundkörper sich ganz innerhalb der Lösung befindet.In a first step, the main body is in a solution submerged, the one wetting the main body liquid and a hydrophobic and lipophobic dissolved in this liquid Interlayer material contains. advantageously, the base body is so immersed in the solution that the body is completely inside the solution.
In einem weiteren Schritt wird der Grundkörper so aus der Lösung entnommen, daß ein Teil der Lösung als ein den Grundkörper vollständig umhüllender Film daran haften bleibt.In a further step, the body is so out of the solution taken from that part of the solution as a the basic body completely enveloping film adheres to it.
In einem weiteren Schritt wird dem Film die darin enthaltene Flüssigkeit durch Verdunsten entzogen, wodurch die Zwischenschicht entsteht.In a further step, the film contained therein Liquid deprived by evaporation, creating the intermediate layer arises.
In einem sich daran anschließenden Schritt wird schließlich die Schutzschicht auf die Zwischenschicht aufgebracht. Dabei kann die Schutzschicht vorteilhafterweise wiederum durch Tauchen des Grundkörpers in eine entsprechende Lösung beziehungsweise Flüssigkeit aufgebracht werden.In a subsequent step will eventually the protective layer is applied to the intermediate layer. there The protective layer can advantageously turn by dipping of the body in a corresponding solution or Liquid are applied.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung des elektrischen Bauelements hat den Vorteil, daß es besonders einfach zu realisieren ist, da zum Aufbringen der Zwischenschicht lediglich der Grundkörper des Bauelements in eine Lösung eingetaucht werden muß. Desweiteren hat das Verfahren den Vorteil, daß die Herstellung der Zwischenschicht aus der Lösung durch Verdunsten von Flüssigkeit in einem Flüssigkeitsfilm geschieht. Ein solches Verdunsten erfordert neben einfacher Lagerung des Bauelements z. B. bei Zimmertemperatur keine weiteren technischen Maßnahmen und ist somit sehr kostengünstig zu realisieren.The inventive method for producing the electrical Component has the advantage that it is particularly simple is to be realized, since for the application of the intermediate layer only the main body of the device immersed in a solution must become. Furthermore, the method has the advantage that the preparation of the intermediate layer from the solution Evaporation of liquid in a liquid film happens. Such evaporation requires in addition to simple storage of the component z. B. at room temperature no further technical measures and is therefore very cost-effective to realize.
Das Verfahren kann besonders vorteilhaft durchgeführt werden, indem die Viskosität der Lösung, in die der Grundkörper eintaucht, durch geeignete Wahl des Gehalts der Lösung an Zwischenschichtmaterial so eingestellt wird, daß der am Grundkörper haftende Film zu einer Zwischenschicht führt, die an der dünnsten Stelle wenigstens 1,5 µm dick ist. Durch diese Maßnahme ist gewährleistet, daß die Zwischenschicht an jeder Stelle die erforderliche Mindestdicke aufweist.The method can be carried out particularly advantageously by the viscosity of the solution into which the base dips, by suitable choice of the content of the solution of interlayer material adjusted so that the at the base body sticky film leads to an intermediate layer, the on the thinnest point is at least 1.5 μm thick. Through this Measure is ensured that the interlayer at each Has the required minimum thickness.
Als Flüssigkeit, die das Zwischenschichtmaterial in gelöster Form enthält, kann vorteilhafterweise ein Perfluoralkan verwendet werden, in dem ein als Zwischenschichtmaterial geeignetes Fluorpolymer löslich ist.As a liquid, the intermediate layer material dissolved in Contains mold, advantageously, a perfluoroalkane can be used in which a suitable as an interlayer material Fluoropolymer is soluble.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels und der dazugehörigen Figur näher erläutert.In the following the invention with reference to an embodiment and the associated figure explained in more detail.
Die Figur zeigt beispielhaft ein erfindungsgemäßes elektrisches Bauelement im schematischen Querschnitt.The figure shows an example of an inventive electrical Component in schematic cross section.
Die Figur zeigt ein elektrisches Bauelement mit einem Grundkörper 1, der aus einer polykristallinen Keramik vom Spinelltyp, insbesondere vom Mn-Ni-Spinelltyp sein kann und darüber hinaus noch weitere Dotierungen beziehungsweise Nebenbestandteile enthalten kann. Daneben sind auch Keramiken denkbar, die aus anderen Hauptbestandteilen bestehen. Die oben genannte Keramik vom Mn-Ni-Spinelltyp wird üblicherweise als Grundkörper 1 für Heißleiter-Temperaturfühler verwendet. Gerade bei solchen Heißleiter-Temperaturfühlern ist es besonders wichtig, daß der Grundkörper einen stabilen elektrischen Widerstand aufweist, der nicht durch das Einwirken von Feuchte verändert wird.The figure shows an electrical component with a base body 1, which consists of a polycrystalline ceramic of the spinel type, in particular, of the Mn-Ni spinel type and above In addition, further doping or minor components may contain. In addition, ceramics are also conceivable which consist of other main components. The above Mn-Ni spinel type ceramic is usually used as a base body 1 used for thermistor temperature sensor. Just It is special with such thermistor temperature sensors important that the body has a stable electrical resistance which is not affected by the action of moisture is changed.
Die Figur zeigt weiterhin einen ersten Kontaktbereich 2 und
einen zweiten Kontaktbereich 3, die an der Ober- beziehungsweise
Unterseite des Grundkörpers 1 aufgebracht sind. Diese
Kontaktbereiche können beispielsweise durch eine Silber-Einbrennpaste
hergestellt sein. An dem ersten Kontaktbereich
2 ist ein erstes Anschlußelement 4 befestigt, das beispielsweise
ein mit einer elektrischen Isolierung versehener Draht
sein kann. Die Befestigung eines solchen Drahtes am ersten
Kontaktbereich 2 erfolgt vorzugsweise durch Löten. In gleicher
Weise wie auf dem ersten Kontaktbereich 2 ist auf dem
zweiten Kontaktbereich 3 ein zweites Anschlußelement 5 in
Form eines angelöteten, isolierten Drahtes befestigt.The figure also shows a
Der Grundkörper 1 ist umhüllt von einer Zwischenschicht 7,
die durch Eintauchen des Grundkörpers 1 in eine Lösung eines
Fluorpolymers aufgebracht ist. Dieses Fluorpolymer ist aus
mehrzyklischen Monomereinheiten aufgebaut und sein Molekulargewicht
beträgt zirka 2000 g/mol. Die Konzentration der Lösung
dieses Polymers liegt zwischen 1 % und 30 %. Durch die
Konzentration der Lösung kann die Viskosität der Lösung eingestellt
werden, wodurch auch die Dicke der Zwischenschicht 7
bestimmt wird. Als Lösemittel sind zum Beispiel die leicht
erhältlichen Perfluoralkane, insbesondere Perfluorhexan oder
Perfluoroktan geeignet.The main body 1 is enveloped by an
Nach Abtrocknen des Lösemittels wird die Umhüllung mit einem
Zweikomponenten-Epoxyd im Tauchverfahren umhüllt, wodurch die
Schutzschicht 6 entsteht.After drying the solvent, the sheath with a
Two-component epoxy encapsulated in the dipping process, causing the
Bezüglich der Zwischenschicht 7 ist zu beachten, daß aufgrund
der Aufbringung der Schicht in einem Tauchverfahren eine
weitgehend homogene Schichtdicke, wie sie in der Figur dargestellt
ist, nicht erreicht werden kann. Vielmehr wird die
Schicht an den Kanten des Grundkörpers 1 wesentlich dünner
sein, als beispielsweise zwischen den Kontaktbereichen 2, 3.
In dem hier beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel wurde eine Zwischenschicht
7 hergestellt, die an den Kanten des Grundkörpers
1 eine Schichtdicke von weniger als 2 µm und an anderen
Stellen Dicken bis zu 5 µm aufweisen kann.With regard to the
Die Schutzschicht 6 wird mittels des beschriebenen Tauchverfahrens
so aufgebracht, daß sie eine Schichtdicke zwischen
100 µm und 1000 µm aufweist. Für die Schutzschicht 6 gilt bezüglich
ihrer Schichtdicke dasselbe wie für die Zwischenschicht
7 Gesagte. Als Schutzschicht 6 kommen alle geeignete
Standardumhüllmaterialien, beispielsweise auf der Basis von
Epoxydharz in Betracht, die elektrisch isolierend sind und
die eine Mindestfestigkeit gegenüber die Bildung von Rissen
aufweisen. Neben Epoxydharz kommen auch PU-Harz oder Silikonlack
in Betracht. Die Schutzschicht 6 kann neben dem Tauchverfahren
auch noch mit einem anderen Verfahren aufgebracht
werden, z. B. mit dem Pulverbeschichtungsverfahren.The
Beim Herstellen der Zwischenschicht 7 beziehungsweise der
Schutzschicht 6 wird der Grundkörper 1 vorzugsweise so in die
entsprechende Flüssigkeit eingetaucht, daß Endabschnitte 8, 9
der Anschlußelemente 4, 5 unbeschichtet bleiben und so als
elektrische Kontakte zum Anschließen des Bauelements in einem
Schaltkreis verwendet werden können.When producing the
Ein nach dem beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel hergestellter Temperaturfühler wurde unter verschiedenen Testbedingungen auf seine Wasserbeständigkeit getestet. Dazu wurde beispielsweise eine Wasserlagerung bei einer Temperatur von 80°C und einer anliegenden Gleichspannung von 3 V über 2000 Stunden durchgeführt. Dieser Test wurde von dem Temperaturfühler ohne Veränderung des elektrischen Widerstands überstanden.A produced according to the described embodiment Temperature sensor was under different test conditions tested for its water resistance. This was for example a water storage at a temperature of 80 ° C and an applied DC voltage of 3 V over 2000 hours carried out. This test was done by the temperature sensor without Change in electrical resistance survived.
Auch weitere durchgeführte Tests, die eine Abfolge verschiedenartiger Belastungen beinhalteten, wie beispielsweise: Temperaturwechselbelastung, nachfolgend Vibration, anschließend Wasserlagerung bei 80°C und bei einer Gleichspannung von 3 V, danach elektrische Belastung mit einer Heizleistung von 60 mW, anschließend zyklische Betauung beziehungsweise Beeisung unter Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung sowie nachfolgend Alterung bei einer Temperatur von 155°C und anschließender Lagerung des Temperaturfühlers bei 80°C in Wasser unter Anlegen einer Spannung von 3 V. Auch diese Abfolge von Belastungen wurde von dem Temperaturfühler ohne Beschädigung bestanden. Die Tests wurden bestanden, ohne daß der Temperaturfühler seinen elektrischen Widerstand verändert hätte.Also, further tests that are a succession of different types Loads included, for example: thermal cycling, subsequently vibration, then Water storage at 80 ° C and at a DC voltage of 3 V, then electrical load with a heat output of 60 mW, followed by cyclic condensation or defrosting under application of an electrical voltage and subsequently Aging at a temperature of 155 ° C and subsequent Store the temperature sensor at 80 ° C in water while applying a voltage of 3 V. Also this sequence of loads was passed by the temperature sensor without damage. The tests were passed without the temperature sensor would have changed its electrical resistance.
Dieselben Tests wurden mit einem ähnlichen Temperaturfühler
durchgeführt, allerdings ohne Zwischenschicht 7. Solche Temperaturfühler
fallen bereits bei einer Wasserlagerung bei
80°C unter Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung von 3 V am
Fühler nach weniger als 100 Stunden zu 100 % aus.The same tests were done with a similar temperature probe
performed, but without
Die Erfindung beschränkt sich nicht auf das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel,
sondern wird in ihrer allgemeinsten Form
durch Patentanspruch 1 beziehungsweise Patentanspruch 8 definiert.The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment,
but becomes in its most general form
defined by claim 1 or
Claims (10)
- Electrical component havinga basic body (1) comprising a ceramic material,at least two contact regions (2, 3) arranged on the basic body (1), connection elements (4, 5) being fixed to said contact regions,which is encapsulated by a protective layer (6) containing organic constituents, andwhich has an intermediate layer (7) arranged between the basic body (1) and the protective layer (6), said intermediate layer being composed of an intermediate layer material which is both hydrophobic and lipophobic.
- Component according to Claim 1,
in which the intermediate layer material is soluble in a liquid with which the basic body (1) can be wetted. - Component according to Claim 2,
in which the intermediate layer (7) is produced by immersing the basic body (1) in a solution which contains the liquid and the intermediate layer material dissolved therein. - Component according to Claims 1 - 3,
in which the thickness of the intermediate layer (7), at the thinnest location, is at least 1.5 µm. - Component according to Claims 1 - 4,
in which the intermediate layer material comprises a fluoropolymer. - Component according to Claims 1 - 5,
in which the protective layer (6) is composed of a material which is electrically insulating and is suitable for protecting the intermediate layer (7) against abrasion. - Component according to Claim 6,
in which the protective layer (6) comprises an epoxy resin, silicone or a urethane. - Method for producing an electrical component, which proceeds from a basic body (1) comprising a ceramic material, at least two contact regions (2, 3) with connection elements (4, 5) fixed thereto being provided on said basic body, and which comprises the following steps of:a) immersing the basic body (1) in a solution which contains a liquid that wets the basic body (1) and a hydrophobic and lipophobic intermediate layer material dissolved in said liquidb) removing the basic body (1) from the solution in such a way that a portion of the solution adheres thereto as a film that completely encapsulates the basic body (1)c) producing the intermediate layer (7) by evaporation of the liquid contained in the filmd) applying the protective layer (6) to the intermediate layer (7).
- Method according to Claim 8,
the viscosity of the solution being set by a suitable choice of the content of intermediate layer material in such a way that the film adhering to the basic body (1) leads to an intermediate layer (7) having a thickness of at least 1.5 µm at the thinnest location. - Method according to Claim 8 or 9,
a perfluoroalkane being used as the liquid and a fluoropolymer being used as the intermediate layer material.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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DE10042636 | 2000-08-30 | ||
DE10042636A DE10042636C1 (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2000-08-30 | Electrical component and method for its production |
PCT/DE2001/002931 WO2002019348A1 (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2001-08-02 | Electrical component and method for production thereof |
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EP1314171A1 EP1314171A1 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
EP1314171B1 true EP1314171B1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
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EP (1) | EP1314171B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP5294528B2 (en) |
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2000
- 2000-08-30 DE DE10042636A patent/DE10042636C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2001
- 2001-08-02 EP EP01957747A patent/EP1314171B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2001-08-02 JP JP2002524157A patent/JP5294528B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20040026106A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
US7145430B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 |
JP2011223030A (en) | 2011-11-04 |
ATE298128T1 (en) | 2005-07-15 |
DE50106534D1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
US20070040646A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
AU2001279578A1 (en) | 2002-03-13 |
DE10042636C1 (en) | 2002-04-11 |
EP1314171A1 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
JP5340350B2 (en) | 2013-11-13 |
JP5294528B2 (en) | 2013-09-18 |
JP2004508702A (en) | 2004-03-18 |
US7430797B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 |
WO2002019348A1 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
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