EP1262447A2

EP1262447A2 - Apparatus for sterilising movable means in bottling machines

Info

Publication number: EP1262447A2
Application number: EP02011751A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Giovanni Nervo
Original assignee: Procomac SpA
Current assignee: Procomac SpA
Priority date: 2001-05-30
Filing date: 2002-05-27
Publication date: 2002-12-04
Also published as: EP1262447A3

Abstract

An apparatus for the sterilisation of movable means (12, 50) and provided with alternating motion and able to pass from a sterile area (23) to a non sterile area, is characterised in that it comprises heating means (25, 26) acting in correspondence with a localised and restricted area of the movable means (12, 50) proximate to the sterile area (23) to keep it at such a temperature as to guarantee its sterility so that the remaining part of each movable means (12, 50) is not heated by the heating means (25, 26).

The movable means can be the drawing rods of a blower, the stems (50) of a jack for lifting containers in a filling machine, or the shafts (12) supporting a capping head.

Description

The present invention relates in general to an apparatus for sterilising movable means, provided with reciprocating motion and able to pass from a sterile area to a non sterile area.
In particular, the invention finds its application for the sterilisation of drawing rods in machines for blowing blanks for the realisation of containers, for the sterilisation of stems in jacks for lifting containers and for the sterilisation of shafts supporting capping heads.
With particular reference to the latter application, automatic capping equipment are machines that allow tightly to close threaded caps or stoppers on the mouth of containers to be packaged, for instance of the kind destined to contain food substances such as drinks. Although capping equipment are known which allow to close a single container at a time, capping machines are widely used which accomplish the operation of closing multiple caps on respective containers that travel along a circular trajectory, which capping machines are known as carrousel machines.
More specifically, reference is made in the present invention to an automatic capping equipment provided with sterilisation means, having at least a rotary screwing head able to screw a cap onto the mouth of a container fed below the screwing head, in which the screwing head operates in a sterile area of the equipment and is supported by a related sliding support shaft, destined to be animated by an alternating motion, heating means being associated to each support shaft.
When capping equipment needs to be employed for packaging food substances susceptible to being contaminated as a result of contact with the outside environment, such as fruit juice based drinks or vegetable preserves, particularly in the case of products that do not contain preserving additives, the operation of closing the containers housing the product to be packaged must be performed under sterile conditions.
In the past, this was achieved by heating the product to be packaged to such a temperature as to allow its pasteurisation in order to guarantee its sterility. However, it is well known that heating food products above a determined temperature can cause an alteration thereof, which leads to a reduction of their quality and of their nutritional characteristics.
To overcome this drawback, use is preferred of "cold" packaging equipment in which the product to be packaged is only subjected to a quick heating, and subsequent cooling, so as not to compromise its nutritional characteristics. This light heating is due to the fact that the containers with the product to be packaged are fed in an area in which a controlled atmosphere, pressurised with sterile air and previously sterilised with disinfectant substances such as peracetic acid 2% in solution, is present. The screwing head is immersed in this controlled atmosphere, which is usually located in a lower part of the capping equipment, so that it also remains under sterile conditions. However, the shaft that supports the screwing head, due to its alternating motion, can drag into the sterile area impurities coming from the upper part of the equipment (which is not immersed in the controlled atmosphere) in which are located the mechanical devices for the actuation of the screwing heads and the electrical and electronic control sets of the system. These impurities, penetrating into the sterile area where the containers are closed, could compromise the preservation of the sterility and integrity of the product to be packaged.
For this purpose, equipment has been devised that comprises a pressurised system able to supply steam at a temperature of about 120°C in correspondence with the support shafts in order to maintain them under sterile conditions to prevent impurities coming from other areas of the machine and dragged by the alternating motion of the support shaft from penetrating into the sterile area where the containers are closed, contaminating it.
Capping equipment provided with this steam supplying system, which requires the presence of a steam generator and pipelines to transport the steam to the areas to be sterilised, have a rather complex structure, hence costly to produce. Moreover, the pressurised steam used for heating the support shaft, after exiting the pipelines, does not remain localised in correspondence with the parts of the support shaft that penetrate into the sterile area, but is dispersed towards other parts of the equipment. In particular, after the steam performs its heating action on the shafts, it penetrates in the areas where the mechanical actuation devices and the equipment control sets are present, heating them. Such heating causes thermal expansions of the mechanical organs of the equipment, which can lead to warping in said organs with the consequent reduction of the operational reliability of the equipment and the need to perform more frequent maintenance operations with additional operating costs.
The aim of the present invention is to eliminate the aforesaid drawbacks and this is achieved by the equipment of the present invention, which is characterised by the content of the claims set out below and in particular in that the heating means are associated to each support shaft in correspondence with an operating part thereof which is proximate to the sterile area and are able to perform a heating action that is localised to said operating part of the shaft to maintain it at such a temperature as to guarantee its sterile condition and in such a way that the remaining part of each shaft is not substantially heated by the heating means.
The present invention concentrating heat on the area to be protected, unlike the steam that heats the whole turret as in the prior art, allows the application on the turret itself of electronic systems for controlling the capping operation, which allow for instance the automatic ejection of any bottles capped incorrectly.
Thanks to these characteristics, an effective sterility is guaranteed for the equipment area in which the operation of tightly closing the caps onto the related containers takes place, in a simple and reliable manner, without undesired impacts on the operation of other elements of the equipment.
Advantageously, the heating means include at least a resistive organ able to be connected with a source of electrical energy.
Preferably, the equipment further comprises temperature sensor means, the heating means and the temperature sensor means being associated to control means able to regulate in feedback the supply of electrical energy to the resistive organs by said source, according to the temperature measured by the sensor means.
In this way, the temperature of the part of the shaft that supports the related screwing head and that comes in contact with the sterile area of the equipment, can be controlled in optimal fashion so as to remain within a predetermined range, sufficient to guarantee the sterility of this part of the shaft. Thanks to this control which allows to optimise the quantity of heat supplied to each shaft, there is no generation of excess heat which, in addition to constituting a waste and hence an undesired cost, could be transmitted to other parts of the equipment with harmful consequences.
The aim of the present invention is more generically to allow the localised sterilisation not only of the shafts for supporting the capping heads, but also those means, able to move with reciprocating motion between a sterile area and a non sterile area, with no need to sterile all the movable means over their entire length.
In particular, the invention finds its application for drawing rods in blowing machines and for the stems of jacks for lifting containers, in particular in filling machines.
This and other characteristics shall become more readily apparent in the following description of some preferred embodiments illustrated, purely by way of non limiting example, in the accompanying drawing tables in which:

Figure 1 is a sectioned front elevation view of an automatic capping equipment of the carrousel type, according to the invention,
Figure 2 is an enlarged view of a part indicated with arrow II in Figure 1,
Figure 3 is an enlarged view of a detail indicated with arrow III in Figure 2, and
Figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating in schematic form the main elements of a system for controlling the equipment according to the invention and their operative relationship;
Figure 5 shows a partially sectioned front view of an embodiment variation relating to a jack for filling machine;
Figure 6 shows an embodiment variation relating to the drawing rods of a machine for blowing container blanks.

With reference to Figures 1 through 3, the number 1 globally indicates a capping equipment according to the invention.
Although the accompanying figures and the description that follows consider a carrousel capping equipment, i.e. one that is able simultaneously to accommodate a plurality of containers set in motion on a circular trajectory of the machine to close them by means of caps subjecting the various containers to mutually staggered closing phases, the invention can be indifferently applied to a simpler capping equipment, able to close only a container at a time, individually fed thereto.
The equipment 1 comprises a stationary base structure 2 including pillars 4. Between the pillars 4 is present a tubular upright 6 so mounted as to be able to revolve about a cylindrical guide 7 whose axis 3 constitutes the main axis of the equipment 1. The upright 6 is set in rotation as a result of the operation of a motor set not shown herein as it is well known.
To the upright 6 are associated organs 8 for gripping and supporting a plurality of containers 9, for instance bottles, which are fed to the equipment 1 in usual fashion, typically by means of a conveyor belt and a worm screw feeder. The containers 9 can also be set to bear down onto a rotating platform not shown in the figures.
To the upright 6 is associated a plurality of screwing heads 10 (whereof only two are visible in Figure 1) in such a way as to be able to rotate together with the upright 6 on a circular trajectory concentric with the axis 3.
Each screwing head 10 is supported by the lower operating part 12a of a support shaft 12, also called piston, able to translate in alternating fashion as a result of the rotation of the upright 6. For this purpose the upper part 12b of each shaft 12, opposite to the related screwing head 10, is provided with a roller 14 able to rotate about an axis perpendicular to that of the related shaft 12. The roller 14 engages a cam track 15 formed on a cylindrical stationary body 16 according to a plane that is inclined relative to the axis 3 in such a way as to exhibit a descending part and an ascending part relative to a horizontal plane perpendicular to the axis 3.
Each shaft 12, and hence the related screwing head 10 which is integral in rotation therewith, is also able to rotate about its own axis in such a way that the related screwing head 10 is also animated with rotary motion. Normally, the rotating motion of each shaft 12 is derived from the rotating motion of the upright 6 relative to the base structure 2 by means of known gear wheel transmission organs.
To the base structure 2 is also associated a device 18 for feeding caps 19 between each screwing head 10 and the related container 9. As a result of the downward motion of each of the screwing heads 10, i.e. towards the related container 9, and of the rotation of the screwing head 10 about its own axis, the caps 19 fed by the device 18 are screwed onto the mouth of the containers 19.
To allow each shaft 12 to move in alternating fashion and simultaneously to rotate about its own axis, to the upright 6 is fastened a pair of annular flanges 21a and 21b, respectively lower and upper, in which are formed respective through holes aligned in pairs in correspondence with the shafts 12. To the flanges 21a and 21b are associated guiding bushings to guide the sliding and the rotation of the shafts 12.
Below the lower flange 21 a is defined an area 23, substantially closed to the outside environment, into which during the sterilisation phase is fed a sterilising agent (for instance a solution containing about 2% of peracetic acid, known also as "Oxonia", at a temperature of about 40°C), and during the production phases sterile air is fed, in order to create a controlled atmosphere to maintain under sterile conditions the environment that comes in contact with the product contained in the containers 9 during the closing of the caps 19.
The part of the equipment 1 above the flange 21a is not immersed in the controlled atmosphere present in the area 23 to that, because of the alternating motion of the shafts 12, impurities present in the part of the equipment above the flange 21 a can be dragged to the sterile area 23, which could contaminate it.
To prevent this from occurring, between the shelves 13a and 13b, hence in proximity to the area 23, preferably stationary heating means 25 are associated to each shaft 12, which heating means are destined to perform a heating action localised only to the part 12a of the shaft that is proximate to the related screwing head 10, i.e. to its part that penetrates in alternating fashion into the area 23, to maintain it at such a temperature as to guarantee its sterility.
These heating means 25 advantageously comprise for each shaft 12 an assembly that comprises a metallic sleeve 26 surrounding a portion of the part 12a and fastened, for instance, to the annular flange 21a. To the sleeve 26 is externally associated a resistive organ 27 provided with at least an electrical resistance element. Preferably, each resistive organ 27 is armband-shaped and comprises to semi-circular arched portions articulated about a shared axis parallel to the general axis of the sleeve 26, each of the two arched portions being provided with a resistance element. The two arched portions can assume a mutually approached configuration in which they are in contact with the outer surface of the sleeve 26, and a mutually distanced configuration in which it is possible to remove the armband-shaped resistive organ 27 from the sleeve 26 transversely to the axis of the shaft 12.
For instance, each resistance element of a resistive organ 27 is constructed in such a way as to be able to output a thermal power of about 140 W, once connected by means of conductors 27a to a source of electrical energy, so that the thermal power supplied to each part 12a of a shaft 12 is about 280 W, sufficient to maintain this part at a temperature ranging between about 100°C and 140°C, during normal operations.
The head supplied by each resistive organ 27, which is transferred to the part 12a through the sleeve 26, remains prevalently localised in correspondence only with the part 12a of the involved shaft 12, so that the remaining part of the shaft 12 is not substantially heated, or is heated only to a negligible extent, by the heat supplied by the resistive organ 27.
The sleeve 26 preferably extends over a length that is substantially equal, or slightly greater, than the stroke of the shaft 12. Its function is to serve as a thermal diffusion element for the heat supplied by the resistive organ 27 in order to distribute it in nearly uniform fashion over the portion 12a of the shaft 12.
At the axial ends of each shaft 26, in proximity to the shelves 21a and 21b, are associated respective thermal insulation heads 28, made for instance of a thermoplastic material able to withstand high temperature, such as a material known under the commercial name "TekaPeek".
Between the shaft 12 and the related sleeve 26 is obtained a tubular space in which an air gap is present. In this gap projects a sensitive end of a thermostatic thermocouple or sensor probe 29 mounted on the sleeve 26 in such a way as to traverse it.
The information about the heat measured by each probe 29 is transferred by means of conductors 29a towards an electronic control unit 36 (shown in Figure 4) to verify whether the generated heat exceeds a threshold value, in which case the electronic control unit 36 commands the opening of a switching device, described farther on, interposed between the resistive organs 27 and a source of electrical energy supply, until the temperature drops below the threshold, in order to perform a feed-back regulating action on the temperature.
Figure 4 shows, by way of example, a block diagram schematically illustrating the main elements of a system for controlling the temperature of the shafts 12 for carrousel capping equipment 1 provided with ten screwing heads 10.
At the sides of each screwing head 10 are present, on one side, a resistive organ 27 and, on the other side, a thermostatic sensor 29.
The information about the temperature measured by each sensor 29 is collected by means of one or more input modules for thermocouples 30, each serving as a collector, and sent to an adapter module 32, for instance with ten inputs and ten digital outputs, of the bus type. Through a rotating distribution module 34, typically of the eight pole mercury type, the signals are then transferred from the rotating part of the equipment 1 to the electronic control unit 36, of the PLC type, associated to the stationary part of the equipment. The input signals to the electronic control unit 36 are processed, for instance by comparing the temperature values measured by the sensors 29 to a pre-set threshold value, to generate digital control signals which in turn are transmitted to the adapter module 32, also through the rotating distribution module 34, and therefrom to modules 40 containing the switching devices. Said switching devices include static relays driven by means of direct current power supply, for instance at 24V, by a source 38 of direct current electrical energy, which also powers the adapter module 32 in a known manner.
The static relays of the modules 40 are operatively interposed between the resistive organs 27 and a source of electrical energy 44, typically of the alternating type at 220V, the source 44 being connected to the modules 40 by means of a rotating distribution module 42 of the type with brushes and with rings.
The modules 40 that contain the static relays can be four in the present case of equipment with ten screwing heads 10, to each whereof are connected two or three resistive organs 27. Each of the static relays of the modules 40, thanks to the fact that it has a settable minimum current threshold, is also able to generate an alarm signal in case of malfunction of a resistive organ 27.
With reference to Figure 5, it shows a rotary filling machine, only partially shown herein, comprising a fixed part 45 closed externally by a wall 46, and a rotating inner part 47. Between the fixed part 45, 46 and the rotating part 47 is defined a sterile area 23, indicated with oblique lines in the figure, in which a container 9 is filled in aseptic conditions by means of an appropriate filling valve 49.
A stem 50 of a jack, provided with a known rotation-preventing system, provides for the vertical actuation of the container 9 by means of a bracket 51. The stem 50 is in part originally able to slide inside a heating sleeve 26, able to sterilise that area of the stem that passes during the vertical motion from the sterile area 23 to a dirty environment 53.
The sleeve 26 is preferably heated with electrical resistors and cables 54 are provided for connecting to an electrical power supply source and a probe 55 for controlling the temperature.
With this solution, one avoids heating the neck of the container and also the gaskets of moving organs.
With reference to Figure 6, it schematically shows a blower of blanks 56 of substantially known type in which each blowing set comprises a drawing rod 57 able to slide vertically to draw the blank during the blowing process to favour the realisation of the final container. In the lower area of the drawing rod is present a spring 58, a bushing 59 and a tube 60 which, by moving because they are actuated by the tip of the drawing rod, allow to manipulate the entry of the blank and the exit of the container from the mould.
In this case as well, in correspondence with the passage area between a lower sterile area where the container is realised and an upper non sterile area, the drawing rod is wound by a heating sleeve, not shown in the figure but similar to the means 25 and 26 described above, having the purpose of sterilising the rod itself only in correspondence with a limited portion at the boundaries between the sterile area and the non sterile area.
The heating sleeve, which constitutes heating means, preferably acts along the entire travel of the drawing rod, which corresponds to about a third of the total length of the drawing rod.

Claims

Apparatus for sterilising movable means (12, 50), provided with reciprocating motion and able to pass from a sterile area (23) to a non sterile area,
characterised in that it comprises heating means (25, 26) acting in correspondence with a localised and restricted area of the movable means (12, 50) proximate to the sterile area (23) to keep it at such a temperature as to guarantee its sterility so that the remaining part of each movable means (12, 50) is not heated by the heating means (25, 26).
Machine for blowing blanks for the manufacture of bottles or containers made of plastic material, of the type comprising at least a drawing rod (57) able to slide in reciprocating fashion to allow drawing a blank (56) in the blowing process, said drawing rod (57) passing from a sterile area to a non sterile area, characterised in that it comprises heating means acting in correspondence with a localised and restricted area of the drawing rod (57) proximate to the sterile area to keep it at such a temperature as to guarantee its sterility to that the remaining part of the drawing rod (57) is not heated by the heating means.
Blowing machine as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heating means act along the entire travel of the drawing rod (57), which corresponds to about one third of the total length of the drawing rod (57).
Jack for lifting containers, in particular for machines for filling containers (9), said jack being of the type comprising a stem (50) able to slide in reciprocating fashion passing from a sterile area (23) to a non sterile area (53), characterised in that it comprises heating means (26) acting in correspondence with a localised and restricted area of the stem (50) proximate to the sterile area (23) to keep it at such a temperature as to guarantee its sterility so that the remaining part of the stem (50) is not heated by the heating means (26).
Automatic capping equipment provided with sterilisation means, having at least a rotary screwing head (10) able to screw a cap (19) onto the mouth of a container (9) fed below said screwing head (10), in which the screwing head (10) operates in a sterile area (23) of the equipment (1) and is supported by a related sliding support shaft (12) destined to be animated with an alternating motion, heating means being associated to each support shaft (12), characterised in that the heating means (25) are associated to each support shaft (12) in correspondence with an operating part (12a) thereof that is proximate to said sterile area (23) and are able to perform a heating action that is localised to said operating part (12a) of the shaft (12) to maintain it at such a temperature as to guarantee its sterile condition and in such a way that the remaining part of each shaft (12) is not substantially heated by the heating means (25).
Equipment as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that it is of the carrousel type and comprises a plurality of screwing heads (10) so mounted as to be able to revolve about a main axis (3) of the equipment (1) distanced from the axes of the support shafts (12) of the screwing heads (10), each of which is able to screw a cap (19) onto the mouth of a respective container (9) set in rotation about said main axis (3) synchronously with a screwing head (10).
Equipment as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the heating means comprise for each shaft (12) a heating assembly (25), stationary with respect to the related shaft (12).
Equipment as claimed in claims 1, 2, 4, 5, wherein the heating means include at least a resistive organ (27) able to be connected with a source of electrical energy (44).
Equipment as claimed in claim 7 or 8, wherein to each shaft (12) or to each movable means are associated temperature sensor means (29) in correspondence with or in proximity to its operating part (12a).
Equipment as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein the heating means (25) and the temperature sensor means (29) are associated to control means (36, 40) able to perform a feedback regulating action on the supply of electrical energy to the resistive organs (27) by said source (44), according to the temperature measured by the sensor means (29).
Equipment as claimed in claim 10, wherein said control means comprise a control unit (36) whereto are connected the sensor means (29) and a switching device (40) interposed between each resistive organ (27) and said source of electrical energy (44), each switching device (40) being susceptible to being commanded by said control unit (36).
Equipment as claimed in any of the claims from 7 to 11, wherein each heating assembly (25) includes a metal sleeve (26) which surrounds a related shaft (12), serving as a thermal diffusion element.
Equipment as claimed in claim 12, wherein the temperature sensor means comprise for each support shaft (12) a thermostatic probe (29) which traverses said sleeve (26) and is provided with a sensitive end which projects in an air gap interposed between each sleeve (26) and the related support shaft (12).
Equipment as claimed in claim 12 or 13, wherein each resistive organ (27) is removable in a direction substantially transverse to the axis of the related shaft (12) and comprises two arched portions articulated about an axis that is parallel to the general axis of the related sleeve (26), each of said portions being provided with a respective resistance element.