EP1224632B1 - Detection device - Google Patents
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- EP1224632B1 EP1224632B1 EP01954036A EP01954036A EP1224632B1 EP 1224632 B1 EP1224632 B1 EP 1224632B1 EP 01954036 A EP01954036 A EP 01954036A EP 01954036 A EP01954036 A EP 01954036A EP 1224632 B1 EP1224632 B1 EP 1224632B1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
Definitions
- the invention relates to a detection device for detecting persons or objects and their direction of movement, with a sensor arrangement for detecting electromagnetic radiation with the wavelength of visible and / or invisible light, which is reflected or emitted by a person or an object and with an evaluation unit which is connected to the sensor arrangement and is designed to derive a signal from the radiation detected by the radiation sensor arrangement and to emit a detection signal for as far as possible every object or person detected by the radiation sensor arrangement.
- the invention relates to a counting device for persons, which is connected to a corresponding detection device.
- detection devices which, with respect to the intended direction of movement of the passengers, have sensor elements arranged one behind the other and determine the direction of movement of detected persons by correlation of the radiation detected by the sensor elements. Such detection devices are thus able to determine not only the presence of an object or a person as in a simple light barrier, but also their direction of movement.
- One problem is to reliably recognize non-targeted people who are standing in the entrance area of a bus, for example, or to distinguish those originating from different persons in close proximity.
- a detection device which is able to detect the intensity distribution of a person emanating heat radiation in a matrix-like manner.
- the US 5,187,688 and US 5,255,301 each show an arrangement of a plurality of sensor elements with which can be determined during runtime measurement of the distance between a respective sensor element and the surface of a person.
- a detection device of the type mentioned in the introduction which comprises individualizing means which are connected to the evaluation unit and designed to obtain information or information individualizing an object or person and which is connected to a memory which is formed, at least one section the history signal and the object or the person individualizing information as a characteristic parameter associated with the history signal store.
- the detection device comprises parameter determination means, which are connected to the evaluation unit (18, 36) and designed to emit an additional signal.
- the evaluation unit (18; 36) is designed to form the characteristic parameter as a function of the additional signal.
- the parameter determination means (16, 18.1) comprise a radiation source (16) for radiation detectable by the sensor arrangement (12, 14; 32, 34) and an evaluation module (36.1 ').
- the radiation sensor arrangement comprises a sensor matrix (32.1) and both the radiation source and the radiation sensor arrangement are connected to the evaluation module.
- the evaluation module is designed to form from the radiation source (44) a radiation reflected by a person or an object and detected by the sensor matrix (32.1) as an additional signal determining the characteristic parameter and the information individualizing a respective person represents, wherein the matrix corresponds to the three-dimensional surface contour of a detected object or a detected person.
- the parameter is derived from the history signal and an additional signal.
- This additional signal is obtained by an additional passive sensor and derived from an active radiation source.
- the parameter is multi-dimensional, ie a matrix with several values, which in particular individualize a person.
- the invention is based on the idea of combining in a manner known per se a passively obtainable progress signal with at least one characteristic parameter, so that an at least two-dimensional signal or parameter matrix results, which includes information about the time course of the radiation detected by the sensor arrangement additional information combined.
- a passively obtainable progress signal with at least one characteristic parameter, so that an at least two-dimensional signal or parameter matrix results, which includes information about the time course of the radiation detected by the sensor arrangement additional information combined.
- Such an arrangement allows, in itself from the DE 42 20 508 or the EP 0 515 635 known manner from the waveform signals to derive a motion signal by signal correlation and assign this motion signal by means of the or the characteristic parameters as reliably as possible to an individual object or an individual person.
- the characteristic parameter describes a person-individual parameter, such as hair color, size, stature, etc.
- the additional, characteristic parameter could be determined in a passive arrangement solely from the signal morphology. It is, however, according to the invention an idea, which supports the invention, to provide the detection device with additional means for determining the characteristic parameter.
- additional means two alternatives have proven to be particularly suitable in an unpredictable manner, namely a radiation source for realizing an active arrangement of the detection device, or additionally an additional sensor for detecting a further signal besides the radiation, e.g. an acoustic signal or an odor signal.
- the additional parameter is determined by evaluating the radiation reflected by an object or a person in relation to the radiation emitted by the radiation source. In this way, information about the duration of a signal from the radiation source about a person reflecting the sensor arrangement or the degree of reflection can be obtained.
- the range greater than 1400 nm is preferred. In an active arrangement with a radiation source, this wavelength range also applies to the radiation source. It has been found that in this wavelength range, both a favorable signal-to-noise ratio as well as achieve a high eye safety.
- a radiation power lying in this wavelength range can be more than 1000 times greater than, for example, in the range of 1050 nm, without this being associated with a health risk.
- embodiments of the detection device are preferred, which are designed for arrangement in input and output openings such as doors of vehicles or rooms.
- a preferred application of the detection device is the passenger count, for example in buses.
- the detection device is preferably connected to a local encoder such as a GPS receiver.
- a local encoder such as a GPS receiver.
- the numbers of passengers determined by the detection device by means of a counting unit for the passengers entering and exiting passengers can be assigned to specific routes or stops of a bus.
- integrated vehicle management is thus possible. This can be used for a whole fleet, if the detection devices and local givers of different vehicles are configured via radio to a central connectable.
- the radiation source is arranged, for example, in the entrance area of a vehicle such that the radiation emanating from the radiation source strikes the person crossing the entrance area from above and is reflected by the head of the person from the duration of the signal Person is determinable.
- the characteristic parameter to be stored then corresponds to the size of the person.
- the synchronously recorded progress signal can be uniquely assigned to a person of the appropriate size by means of the characteristic parameter. Since most persons differ in size at least within certain limits, a largely individual assignment of progress signals is possible in this way, so that also such progress signals are to be assigned as starting from two different persons, which are close to each other from two persons present outgoing radiation.
- An essential difference to that from the DE 197 21 741 known device is that, for example, in the case of person size determination for Forming the characteristic parameter not the distance function - ie the distance change - stored and compared with other distance functions, but only the minimum of the distance between the radiation source and the sensor arrangement on the one hand and the top of a person's head on the other.
- the characteristic parameter is not derived from a comparison or correlation of functions among waveforms, but is formed from a signal alone.
- This signal can originate, for example, from an infrasound sensor for detecting heart sounds and thus the heart rate, or from the already described arrangement for detecting the person size or also according to the invention by a sensor matrix arrangement onto which an image of the persons crossing an entrance area is projected, so that from the Image can be obtained a characterizing the contour of the person parameters.
- the sensor matrix arrangement can be connected to a radiation source of the type described above to form an active sensor, so that a three-dimensional contour of a detected person can be recorded as a characteristic parameter.
- the detection device For receiving such or other signals individualizing a person, at least one corresponding sensor is preferably provided in each case. This sensor is preferably switched on when the history signal indicates that the detected person is currently in the greatest proximity to the sensor. Alternatively, the sensor remains continuously on and only that portion of the signal originating from the sensor is utilized, which was recorded at the time of closest approach to the sensor.
- the detection device preferably comprises corresponding location or distance determination means and a selection unit connected to these, which selects the corresponding sensor-derived signal section for further processing.
- the detection device preferably corresponding location or distance determining means and a selection unit connected thereto, which selects the corresponding sensor-derived signal portion for further processing.
- a plurality of characteristic parameters or parameter profiles can be obtained simultaneously and combined with one another in order to allow an even more precise differentiation of the information obtained and thus an even clearer individualization of the detected persons. Further preferred embodiments are mentioned in the subclaims.
- These include in particular detection devices with an additional sensor for individual characteristics such as height, shape, hair color, heart tones or smell of a person or an object.
- Evaluation unit 18 is also connected to a memory 20 and a counting unit 22.
- the sensor 12 and the radiation source 16 are connected together with the distance module 18. 1 of the evaluation unit 18.
- the distance module 18. 1 the phase relationship between the radiation emitted by the radiation source 16 and the radiation received by the sensor 12 is determined, thus determining the transit time required for the signal emitted by the radiation source 16 and reflected by an object to be picked up by the sensor 12 to become.
- the distance between radiation source 16 and sensor 12 on the one hand and a reflective surface on the other hand can be determined.
- the distance to a reflecting object can also be determined directly via the wavelength of the signal emitted by the radiation source 16 and the phase relationship between emitted and received radiation.
- the technologies required for this purpose are known in principle.
- the radiation source 16 and the sensor 12 are arranged vertically above the entrance of a bus, for example, and the distance to the ground is known, it is possible to deduce the minimum of a sequence of successive distance measurements on the size of a person passing through the access area. This minimum is stored as a person size in the memory 20 and represents a parameter characteristic of the person.
- the two sensors 12 and 14 record and correlate the radiation signals reflected or emitted by a person. Due to the movement of a person 24 who, for example, is entering the bus, the two radiation sensors 12 and 14 record similar course signals that are time-displaced relative to one another. From the distance of the two sensors 12 and 14 and the time offset between the waveform signals recorded by them, the direction of movement and the speed of a person ascending or descending 24 can be determined.
- the correlation module 18.2 determined information to be linked by the distance module 18.1.
- a person standing in the entrance area of a bus can easily be identified for the distance module 18.1.
- the size information about a person is stored in such a manner as to be associated with the history signal output from that person. The combination of the two pieces of information is highly characteristic of a person and makes it possible to recognize a person not only when boarding, but also when getting out.
- the counting unit 22 is connected to the assignment module 18.3 and designed such that a counter is incremented by one for each person identified as being to be entranced by the assignment module 18.3 and is decremented by one for each departing person.
- the count in the counting unit 22 thus indicates the number of persons who are, for example, in a bus.
- the counting unit can do this be connected to a plurality of evaluation units 18, which are assigned to several input areas of a means of transport.
- the detection device 10 'in FIG. 2 has a passive sensor unit formed by the sensors 12 and 14 for receiving the progress signal.
- an additional sensor 26 is provided, which receives a person-individual characteristic, such as the hair color or heart sounds or the like.
- the evaluation of the additional signal is carried out by an evaluation module 18.1 'of the evaluation unit 18'.
- the assignment to the recorded by the sensors 12 and 14 history signal takes place, as already for FIG. 1 described by the assignment module 18.3.
- the evaluated additional signal is associated with the history signal stored in the memory 20.
- the detection device 30 in FIG. 3 is similar in construction, as the detection device 10 from FIG. 1 , Also provided are two infrared sensors 32 and 34, an evaluation unit 36, a memory 38 and a counting unit 40. An active radiation source such as the radiation source 16 is not provided FIG. 1 ,
- the sensor 32 contains a plurality of sensor elements 32.1 in a matrix-like arrangement.
- the sensor elements 32.1 are in the focus of an imaging device such as in a converging lens 32.2.
- the radiation emitted by a person 42 is thus projected onto the sensor matrix 32. 1 as an image of the person 42.
- Each person results in a largely individual projection pattern, which is characteristic of the respective person 42.
- This projection pattern is fed to an image module 36. 1 of the evaluation unit 36.
- a characteristic pattern is extracted from the projection pattern as a characteristic parameter and stored in the memory 38.
- signals are recorded by means of the sensors 32 and 34. It is sufficient if the sensor 34 contains only one sensor element and for the course signal of the sensor 32, only one sensor element of the sensor matrix 32.1 is used.
- the two progress signals are, as already for FIG. 1 , in a correlation module 36.2 of the evaluation unit 36 correlated with each other to a movement information receive.
- This movement information is stored in the memory 38 associated with the corresponding characteristic pattern.
- An assignment module 36.3 of the evaluation unit 36 works analogously to the assignment module 18.3 FIG. 1 and outputs, depending on the optionally stored output values of the image module 36.1 and the correlation module 36.2 for each rising or falling person from a signal which serves to control the counting unit 40 and increases or decreases in this counter accordingly.
- the detection device 30 'differs FIG. 4 from the detection device 30 FIG. 3 essentially in that it comprises a radiation source 44, which makes it possible to expand the sensor matrix 32.1 into an active sensor unit.
- a radiation source 44 By means of the radiation source 44 and the sensor matrix 32.1, it is possible to form a three-dimensional contour of an object or a person in the detection area of the sensor matrix 32.1. This is done by evaluating the radiation detected by the sensor matrix 32.1 with respect to the radiation emitted by the radiation source 44 in an evaluation module 36.1 '.
- the evaluation module 36.1 is for this purpose connected to the radiation source 44 and the sensor matrix 32.1 and designed so that from the radiation emitted by the radiation source 44, reflected by a person or an object and detected by the sensor matrix 32.1 radiation forms a matrix that the three-dimensional surface contour corresponds to the detected object or person.
- This matrix is stored as a characteristic parameter and the person individualizing information in the memory 38 associated with the history signal.
- the assignment module 36.3 is designed to compare matrices acquired when boarding persons with those matrices that were detected when persons were getting off. The entry and exit direction results from the progress signal.
- the assignment module 36.3 is also designed for the matrix comparison for transforming matrices, in particular for rotating matrices, in order to be able to take into account the different orientation of persons ascending and descending and the resulting change in the contour images to be compared.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Erfassungsvorrichtung zum Erfassen von Personen oder Objekten und deren Bewegungsrichtung, mit einer Sensoranordnung zum Erfassen von elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit der Wellenlänge sichtbaren und/oder unsichtbaren Lichtes, die von einer Person oder einem Objekt reflektiert oder ausgestrahlt wird und mit einer Auswerteeinheit, die mit der Sensoranordnung verbunden und ausgebildet ist, aus der von der Strahlungssensoranordnung erfassten Strahlung ein Signal abzuleiten und ein Erfassungssignal für möglichst jedes von der Strahlungssensoranordnung erfasste Objekt oder jede Person abzugeben. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung eine Zählvorrichtung für Personen, welche mit einer entsprechenden Erfassungsvorrichtung verbunden ist.The invention relates to a detection device for detecting persons or objects and their direction of movement, with a sensor arrangement for detecting electromagnetic radiation with the wavelength of visible and / or invisible light, which is reflected or emitted by a person or an object and with an evaluation unit which is connected to the sensor arrangement and is designed to derive a signal from the radiation detected by the radiation sensor arrangement and to emit a detection signal for as far as possible every object or person detected by the radiation sensor arrangement. In particular, the invention relates to a counting device for persons, which is connected to a corresponding detection device.
Ein Anwendungsbereich derartiger Erfassungsvorrichtungen ist das Erfassen von Personen, die den Ein- oder Ausstiegsbereich eines Verkehrsmittels durchqueren, um die Fahrgäste zu zählen, die in das Verkehrsmittel einsteigen oder es verlassen. Aus der
Ein Ansatz zur Lösung des letztgenannten Problems ist in der
Aus der
Aus der
Die
Es ist ein Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Erfassungsvorrichtung anzugeben, die auf einfache Weise eine noch genauere Objekt- oder Personenerfassung oder Zählung erlaubt.It is an object of the present invention to provide a detection device which allows a more accurate object or person detection or counting in a simple manner.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dieses Ziel mit einer Erfassungsvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art erreicht, welche Individualisierungsmittel umfasst, die mit der Auswerteeinheit verbunden und ausgebildet sind, ein Objekt oder eine Person individualisierende Informationen zu gewinnen und die mit einem Speicher verbunden ist, der ausgebildet ist, zumindest einen Abschnitt des Verlaufssignales und die das Objekt oder die Person individualisierende Information als charakteristischen Parameter dem Verlaufssignal zugeordnet zu speichern.According to the invention, this object is achieved with a detection device of the type mentioned in the introduction, which comprises individualizing means which are connected to the evaluation unit and designed to obtain information or information individualizing an object or person and which is connected to a memory which is formed, at least one section the history signal and the object or the person individualizing information as a characteristic parameter associated with the history signal store.
Hierzu umfasst die Erfassungsvorrichtung Parameterbestimmungsmittel, die mit der Auswerteeinheit (18; 36) verbunden und ausgebildet sind, ein Zusatzsignal abzugeben. Die Auswerteeinheit (18; 36) ist ausgebildet, den charakteristischen Parameter in Abhängigkeit von dem Zusatzsignal zu bilden. Die Parameterbestimmungsmittel (16, 18.1) umfassen eine Strahlungsquelle (16) für durch die Sensoranordnung (12, 14; 32, 34) erfassbare Strahlung sowie ein Auswertungsmodul (36.1'). Die Strahlungssensoranordnung umfasst eine Sensormatrix (32.1) ausgebildet und sowohl die Strahlungsquelle als auch die Strahlungssensoranordnung sind mit dem Auswertungsmodul verbunden. Das Auswertungsmodul ist ausgebildet, aus der von der Strahlungsquelle (44) ausgesandten, von einer Person oder einem Objekt reflektierten und von der Sensormatrix (32.1) erfassten Strahlung eine Matrix als Zusatzsignal zu bilden , die den charakteristischen Parameter bestimmt und die eine jeweilige Person individualisierende Information darstellt, wobei die Matrix der dreidimensionalen Oberflächenkontur eines erfassten Objektes oder einer erfassten Person entspricht.For this purpose, the detection device comprises parameter determination means, which are connected to the evaluation unit (18, 36) and designed to emit an additional signal. The evaluation unit (18; 36) is designed to form the characteristic parameter as a function of the additional signal. The parameter determination means (16, 18.1) comprise a radiation source (16) for radiation detectable by the sensor arrangement (12, 14; 32, 34) and an evaluation module (36.1 '). The radiation sensor arrangement comprises a sensor matrix (32.1) and both the radiation source and the radiation sensor arrangement are connected to the evaluation module. The evaluation module is designed to form from the radiation source (44) a radiation reflected by a person or an object and detected by the sensor matrix (32.1) as an additional signal determining the characteristic parameter and the information individualizing a respective person represents, wherein the matrix corresponds to the three-dimensional surface contour of a detected object or a detected person.
Der Parameter ist aus dem Verlaufssignal und einem zusätzlichen Signal abgeleitet. Dieses zusätzliche Signal wird durch einen zusätzlichen passiven Sensor gewonnen und von einer aktiven Strahlungsquelle abgeleitet. Der Parameter ist mehrdimensional, also eine Matrix mit mehreren Werten, die insbesondere eine Person individualisieren.The parameter is derived from the history signal and an additional signal. This additional signal is obtained by an additional passive sensor and derived from an active radiation source. The parameter is multi-dimensional, ie a matrix with several values, which in particular individualize a person.
Der Erfindung liegt der Gedanke zugrunde, auf an sich bekannte Weise ein passiv zu gewinnendes Verlaufssignal mit zumindest einem charakteristischen Parameter zu kombinieren, so dass sich eine zumindest zweidimensionale Signal- oder Parametermatrix ergibt, die Informationen über den zeitlichen Verlauf der von der Sensoranordnung erfassten Strahlung mit zusätzlichen Informationen kombiniert. Eine derartige Anordnung erlaubt es, auf an sich aus der
Der zusätzliche, charakteristische Parameter könnte zwar bei einer passiven Anordnung allein aus der Signalmorphologie bestimmt werden. Es ist jedoch erfindungsgemäß ein, die Erfindung tragender Gedanke, die Erfassungsvorrichtung mit zusätzlichen Mitteln zum Bestimmen des charakteristischen Parameters auszustatten. Unter der Vielzahl der denkbaren zusätzlichen Mittel haben sich zwei Alternativen in nicht vorhersehbarer Weise als besonders geeignet erwiesen, nämlich eine Strahlungsquelle, um eine aktive Anordnung der Erfassungsvorrichtung zu verwirklichen, oder zusätzlich ein Zusatzsensor zum Erfassen eines weiteren Signals neben der Strahlung, z.B. eines akustischen Signals oder eines Geruchssignals.The additional, characteristic parameter could be determined in a passive arrangement solely from the signal morphology. It is, however, according to the invention an idea, which supports the invention, to provide the detection device with additional means for determining the characteristic parameter. Among the multitude of conceivable additional means, two alternatives have proven to be particularly suitable in an unpredictable manner, namely a radiation source for realizing an active arrangement of the detection device, or additionally an additional sensor for detecting a further signal besides the radiation, e.g. an acoustic signal or an odor signal.
Bei der beanspruchten aktiven Anordnung mit einer Strahlungsquelle wird der zusätzliche Parameter durch Auswerten der von einem Objekt oder einer Person reflektierten Strahlung im Verhältnis zu der von der Strahlungsquelle ausgesandten Strahlung ermittelt. Auf diese Weise können Informationen über die Laufzeit eines Signals von der Strahlungsquelle über eine reflektierende Person zur Sensoranordnung oder den Reflektionsgrad gewonnen werden.In the claimed active arrangement with a radiation source, the additional parameter is determined by evaluating the radiation reflected by an object or a person in relation to the radiation emitted by the radiation source. In this way, information about the duration of a signal from the radiation source about a person reflecting the sensor arrangement or the degree of reflection can be obtained.
Als Frequenz- bzw. Wellenlängenbereich der elektromagnetischen Strahlung, zu dessen Erfassung die Sensoranordnung ausgebildet ist, wird der Bereich größer 1400 nm bevorzugt. Bei einer aktiven Anordnung mit einer Strahlungsquelle gilt dieser Wellenlängenbereich auch für die Strahlungsquelle. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass sich in diesem Wellenlängenbereich sowohl ein günstiges Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis als auch eine hohe Augensicherheit erzielen lässt. Insbesondere kann eine in diesem Wellenlängenbereich liegende Strahlungsleistung mehr als 1000 mal größer sein, als beispielsweise im Bereich von 1050 nm, ohne dass damit eine Gesundheitsgefährdung verbunden ist.As the frequency or wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation, for the detection of which the sensor arrangement is formed, the range greater than 1400 nm is preferred. In an active arrangement with a radiation source, this wavelength range also applies to the radiation source. It has been found that in this wavelength range, both a favorable signal-to-noise ratio as well as achieve a high eye safety. In particular, a radiation power lying in this wavelength range can be more than 1000 times greater than, for example, in the range of 1050 nm, without this being associated with a health risk.
Grundsätzlich sind Ausgestaltungen der Erfassungsvorrichtung bevorzugt, die zur Anordnung in Ein- und Ausgangsöffnungen wie beispielsweise Türen von Fahrzeugen oder Räumen ausgebildet sind.In principle, embodiments of the detection device are preferred, which are designed for arrangement in input and output openings such as doors of vehicles or rooms.
Ein bevorzugtes Einsatzgebiet der Erfassungsvorrichtung ist die Fahrgastzählung beispielsweise in Bussen. Insbesondere für dieses Anwendungsgebiet ist die Erfassungsvorrichtung vorzugsweise mit einen Ortsgeber wie beispielsweise einem GPS-Empfänger verbunden. Damit können die von der Erfassungsvorrichtung mittels einer Zähleinheit für die ein- und aussteigenden Passagieren ermittelten Fahrgastzahlen bestimmten Fahrstrecken bzw. Haltestellen eines Busses zugeordnet werden. Zusammen mit einer optionalen Auswerteeinheit ist somit ein integriertes Fahrzeugmanagement möglich. Dieses kann für einen ganzen Fuhrpark eingesetzt werden, wenn die Erfassungsvorrichtungen und Ortsgeber verschiedener Fahrzeuge über Funk mit einer Zentrale verbindbar ausgestaltet sind.A preferred application of the detection device is the passenger count, for example in buses. In particular, for this application, the detection device is preferably connected to a local encoder such as a GPS receiver. Thus, the numbers of passengers determined by the detection device by means of a counting unit for the passengers entering and exiting passengers can be assigned to specific routes or stops of a bus. Together with an optional evaluation unit, integrated vehicle management is thus possible. This can be used for a whole fleet, if the detection devices and local givers of different vehicles are configured via radio to a central connectable.
In einer bevorzugten Anordnung ist die Strahlungsquelle beispielsweise im Eingangsbereich eines Fahrzeuges derart angeordnet, dass die von der Strahlungsquelle ausgehende Strahlung die den Eingangsbereich durchquerende Person von oben trifft und derart von der Kopfoberseite der Person reflektiert wird, dass aus aus der Laufzeit des Signals die Größe einer Person bestimmbar ist. Der zu speichernde charakteristische Parameter entspricht dann der Größe der Person. Das synchron aufgenommene Verlaufssignal kann mit Hilfe des charakteristischen Parameters eindeutig einer Person mit der entsprechenden Größe zugeordnet werden. Da sich die meisten Personen in ihrer Größe zumindest in gewissen Grenzen unterscheiden, ist auf diese Weise eine weitgehend personenindividuelle Zuordnung von Verlaufssignalen möglich, so dass auch solche Verlaufssignale als von zwei unterschiedlichen Personen ausgehend zuzuordnen sind, die sich aus der von zwei in großer Nähe voneinander befindlichen Personen ausgehenden Strahlung ergeben.In a preferred arrangement, the radiation source is arranged, for example, in the entrance area of a vehicle such that the radiation emanating from the radiation source strikes the person crossing the entrance area from above and is reflected by the head of the person from the duration of the signal Person is determinable. The characteristic parameter to be stored then corresponds to the size of the person. The synchronously recorded progress signal can be uniquely assigned to a person of the appropriate size by means of the characteristic parameter. Since most persons differ in size at least within certain limits, a largely individual assignment of progress signals is possible in this way, so that also such progress signals are to be assigned as starting from two different persons, which are close to each other from two persons present outgoing radiation.
Ein wesentlicher Unterschied zu der aus der
Im Grunde genommen basieren sowohl die aus der
Die Sensormatrixanordnung kann mit einer Strahlungsquelle der zuvor beschriebenen Art zu einem aktiven Sensor verbunden sein, so dass eine dreidimensionale Höhenkontur einer erfassten Person als charakteristischer Parameter aufgenommen werden kann.The sensor matrix arrangement can be connected to a radiation source of the type described above to form an active sensor, so that a three-dimensional contour of a detected person can be recorded as a characteristic parameter.
Zur Aufnahme solcher oder anderer eine Person individualisierenden Signale ist vorzugsweise jeweils zumindest ein entsprechender Sensor vorgesehen. Dieser Sensor wird vorzugsweise dann eingeschaltet, wenn sich aus dem Verlaufsignal ergibt, dass sich die erfasste Person gerade in größter Nähe zu dem Sensor befindet. Alternativ bleibt der Sensor fortwährend eingeschaltet und es wird nur derjenige Abschnitt des von dem Sensor stammenden Signals verwertet, welches zum Zeitpunkt größter Annäherung an den Sensor aufgenommen wurde. Dazu umfasst die Erfassungsvorrichtung vorzugsweise entsprechende Orts- oder Distanzbestimmungsmittel und eine mit diesen verbundene Auswahleinheit, die den entsprechenden vom Sensor stammenden Signalabschnitt für die Weiterverarbeitung auswählt. die Erfassungsvorrichtung vorzugsweise entsprechende Orts- oder Distanzbestimmungsmittel und eine mit diesen verbundene Auswahleinheit, die den entsprechenden vom Sensor stammenden Signalabschnitt für die Weiterverarbeitung auswählt.For receiving such or other signals individualizing a person, at least one corresponding sensor is preferably provided in each case. This sensor is preferably switched on when the history signal indicates that the detected person is currently in the greatest proximity to the sensor. Alternatively, the sensor remains continuously on and only that portion of the signal originating from the sensor is utilized, which was recorded at the time of closest approach to the sensor. For this purpose, the detection device preferably comprises corresponding location or distance determination means and a selection unit connected to these, which selects the corresponding sensor-derived signal section for further processing. the detection device preferably corresponding location or distance determining means and a selection unit connected thereto, which selects the corresponding sensor-derived signal portion for further processing.
In differenzierteren Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung können mehrere charakteristische Parmeter oder Parameterverläufe gleichzeitig gewonnen und miteinander kombiniert werden, um eine noch genauere Differenzierung der gewonnenen Informationen und damit eine noch eindeutigere Individualisierung der erfassten Personen zu ermöglichen. Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind in den Unteransprüchen genannt.In more differentiated embodiments of the invention, a plurality of characteristic parameters or parameter profiles can be obtained simultaneously and combined with one another in order to allow an even more precise differentiation of the information obtained and thus an even clearer individualization of the detected persons. Further preferred embodiments are mentioned in the subclaims.
Hierzu zählen insbesondere Erfassungsvorrichtungen mit einem Zusatzsensor für personenindividuelle Merkmale wie Größe, Gestalt, Haarfarbe, Herztöne oder Geruch einer Person oder eines Objektes.These include in particular detection devices with an additional sensor for individual characteristics such as height, shape, hair color, heart tones or smell of a person or an object.
Die Erfindung soll nun anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert werden.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments.
Die Figuren zu den Ausführungsbeispielen zeigen:
- Figur 1
- eine nicht beanspruchte erste Variante einer Erfassungsvorrichtung mit einer aktiven Sensoreinheit;
Figur 2- eine nicht beanspruchte Erfassungsvorrichtung ähnlich
Figur 1 mit passiver Sensoreinheit und einem Zusatzsensor für eine personenindividuelles Merkmal; - Figur 3
- eine nicht beanspruchte Erfassungsvorrichtung mit einer passiven Sensormatrix zur Aufnahme eines mehrdimensionalen personenindividuellen Merkmals; und
- Figur 4
- eine erfindungsgemässe Erfassungsvorrichtung ähnlich
Figur 3 mit einer aktiven Sensormatrix zur Aufnahme eines mehrdimensionalen personenindividuellen Merkmals.
- FIG. 1
- an unclaimed first variant of a detection device with an active sensor unit;
- FIG. 2
- an unclaimed detection device similar
FIG. 1 with passive sensor unit and an additional sensor for a person-specific feature; - FIG. 3
- an unclaimed detection device with a passive sensor array for receiving a multi-dimensional person-individual feature; and
- FIG. 4
- a detection device according to the invention similar
FIG. 3 with an active sensor matrix for receiving a multi-dimensional person-individual feature.
Auswerteeinheit 18 ist darüber hinaus mit einem Speicher 20 und einer Zähleinheit 22 verbunden.
Der Sensor 12 und die Strahlungsquelle 16 sind gemeinsam mit dem Abstandsmodul 18.1 der Auswerteeinheit 18 verbunden. In dem Abstandsmodul 18.1 wird die Phasenbeziehung zwischen der von der Strahlungsquelle 16 ausgesandten Strahlung und der von dem Sensor 12 empfangenen Strahlung ermittelt und so die Laufzeit bestimmt, die das von der Strahlungsquelle 16 ausgesandte und von einem Objekt reflektierte Signal benötigt, um vom Sensor 12 aufgenommen zu werden. So kann der Abstand zwischen Strahlungsquelle 16 und Sensor 12 einerseits und einer reflektierenden Fläche andererseits ermittelt werden. Statt die Laufzeit zu evaluieren, kann über die Wellenlänge des von der Strahlungsquelle 16 ausgesandten Signals und die Phasenbeziehung zwischen ausgesandter und empfangener Strahlung der Abstand zu einem reflektierenden Objekt auch unmittelbar bestimmt werden. Die hierzu erforderlichen Technologien sind grundsätzlich bekannt. Da die Strahlungsquelle 16 und der Sensor 12 senkrecht über dem Eingang beispielsweise eines Busses angeordnet sind, und der Abstand zum Boden bekannt ist, kann aus dem Minimum einer Folge von aufeinanderfolgenden Abstandsmessungen auf die Größe einer den Einstiegsbereich durchschreitenden Person geschlossen werden. Dieses Minimum wird als Personengröße in dem Speicher 20 gespeichert und stellt einen für die Person charakteristischen Parameter dar.The
Gleichzeitig mit der Größenbestimmung werden mit den beiden Sensoren 12 und 14 die von einer Person reflektierten oder ausgesandten Strahlungssignale aufgenommen und miteinander korreliert. Aufgrund der Bewegung einer in beispielweise den Bus einsteigenden Person 24 nehmen die beiden Strahlungssensoren 12 und 14 ähnliche Verlaufssignale auf, die zueinander zeitverschoben sind. Aus dem Abstand der beiden Sensoren 12 und 14 und dem Zeitversatz zwischen den von ihnen aufgenommenen Verlaufssignalen können die Bewegungsrichtung und die Geschwindigkeit einer ein- oder aussteigenden Person 24 ermittelt werden.Simultaneously with the size determination, the two
Auf diese Weise werden die folgenden Informationen gewonnen:In this way, the following information is obtained:
Ändert sich das vom Sensor 12 aufgenommene Signal gegenüber dem vom Sensor 14 aufgenommenen Signal oder umgekehrt, ist dies ein Hinweis auf ein reflektierendes oder strahlendes Objekt im Erfassungsbereich der Sensoren 12 und 14.If the signal received by the
Änderungen des Strahlungshintergrundes treten von beiden Sensoren 12 und 14 synchron auf und können daher ausgeblendet werden. Ergibt die Auswertung der auf diese Weise gewonnenen Verlaufssignale der Sensoren 12 und 14, dass die beiden Verlaufssignale zeitversetzt oder auch nicht miteinander derart korrelieren, dass die Korrelation ein bestimmtes Maß überschreitet, kann aus dem Zeitversatz der Signale die Geschwindigkeit eines Objektes ermittelt werden.Changes in the radiation background occur synchronously by both
Da, wie bereits eingangs erläutert, nicht immer alle miteinander korrelierenden Signale einer Person zuzuordnen sind oder eine Person auch im Eingangsbereich eines Busses stehen bleiben kann, so dass sich der Verlauf der beiden von den Sensoren 12 und 14 aufgenommenen Verlaufssignale wenig ändert, kann die von dem Korrelationsmodul 18.2 ermittelte Information mit der von dem Abstandsmodul 18.1 verknüpft werden. Ein im Eingangsbereich eines Busses stehen bleibende Person ist für das Abstandsmodul 18.1 leicht zu identifizieren. In dem Speicher 20 wird die Größeninformation zu einer Person in einer Weise gespeichert, dass sie dem von dieser Person ausgehenden Verlaufssignal zugeordnet ist. Die Kombination beider Informationen ist für eine Person höchst charakteristisch und macht es möglich, eine Person nicht nur beim Einsteigen, sondern auch möglicherweise beim Aussteigen wieder zu erkennen.Since, as already explained at the outset, not all correlated signals can be assigned to a person or a person can also remain in the entrance area of a bus, so that the course of the two signals recorded by the
Da durch Verbinden der Größeninformation mit der aus dem Vergleich der Verlaufssignalinformation eine stärkere Individualisierung ein- oder aussteigender Personen möglich ist, können diese auch genauer gezählt werden. Die Zuordnung der mit Hilfe des Abstandsmoduls 18.1 gewonnenen Information zu der mit Hilfe des Korrelationsmoduls 18.2 gewonnenen Information, das zielgerichtete Abspeichern dieser Informationen und das Aufrufen der abgespeicherten Informationen geschieht durch das Zuordnungsmodul 18.3.Since by connecting the size information with the from the comparison of the progress signal information a greater individualization on or off persons is possible, they can also be counted more accurately. The assignment of the information obtained with the aid of the distance module 18.1 to the information obtained with the aid of the correlation module 18.2, the targeted storage of this information and the retrieval of the stored information is done by the assignment module 18.3.
Unter Berücksichtigung der Richtungsinformation aus dem Korrelationsmodul 18.2 ist es dem Zuordnungsmodul 18.3 möglich, eine Person als ein- oder aussteigend zu identifizieren. Die Zähleinheit 22 ist mit dem Zuordnungsmodul 18.3 verbunden und derart ausgebildet, dass für jede vom Zuordnungsmodul 18.3 als zusteigend erkannte Person ein Zähler um eins erhöht wird, und für jede aussteigende Person um eins erniedrigt. Der Zählerstand in der Zähleinheit 22 gibt somit die Anzahl der Personen an, die sich beispielsweise in einem Bus befinden. Die Zähleinheit kann dazu mit mehreren Auswerteeinheiten 18 verbunden sein, die mehreren Eingangsbereichen eines Verkehrsmittels zugeordnet sind.Taking into account the direction information from the correlation module 18.2, it is possible for the assignment module 18.3 to identify a person as getting in or out. The
Die Erfassungsvorrichtung 10' in
Die Erfassungsvorrichtung 30 in
Dafür enthält zumindest der Sensor 32 mehrere Sensorelemente 32.1 in matrixartiger Anordnung. Die Sensorelemente 32.1 befinden sich im Fokus einer bildgebenden Einrichtung wie in einer Sammellinse 32.2. Die von einer Person 42 ausgehende Strahlung wird somit auf die Sensormatrix 32.1 als Abbild der Person 42 projiziert.For this purpose, at least the
Jede Person ergibt dabei ein weitgehend individuelles Projektionsmuster, was für die jeweilige Person 42 charakteristisch ist. Dieses Projektionsmuster wird einem Bildmodul 36.1 der Auswerteeinheit 36 zugeführt. In dem Bildmodul 36.1 wird aus dem Projektionsmuster ein charakteristisches Muster als charakteristischer Parameter extrahiert und in dem Speicher 38 gespeichert.Each person results in a largely individual projection pattern, which is characteristic of the
Parallel zur Bildung des charakteristischen Musters werden mittels der Sensoren 32 und 34 Verlaufssignale aufgenommen. Dabei genügt es, wenn der Sensor 34 nur ein Sensorelement enthält und für das Verlaufssignal des Sensors 32 nur ein Sensorelement der Sensormatrix 32.1 verwendet wird.Parallel to the formation of the characteristic pattern, signals are recorded by means of the
Die beiden Verlaufssignale werden, wie schon zur
Ein Zuordnungsmodul 36.3 der Auswerteeinheit 36 arbeitet analog dem Zuordnungsmodul 18.3 aus
Erfindungsmäss unterscheidet sich die Erfassungsvorrichtung 30' aus
Durch Matrizenvergleich kann eine einsteigende Person beim späteren Aussteigen wiedererkannt werden. Dazu ist das Zuordnungsmodul 36.3 ausgebildet, beim Einsteigen von Personen erfasste Matrizen mit solchen Matrizen zu vergleichen, die beim Aussteigen von Personen erfasst wurden. Die Ein- und Ausstiegsrichtung ergibt sich dabei aus dem Verlaufssignal. Das Zuordnungsmodul 36.3 ist für den Matrizenvergleich auch zum Transformieren von Matrizen, insbesondere zum Drehen von Matrizen, ausgebildet, um die unterschiedliche Ausrichtung ein- und aussteigender Personen und die daraus resultierende Änderung der zu vergleichenden Konturbilder berücksichtigen zu können.By matrices comparison, a beginner can be recognized on later boarding. For this purpose, the assignment module 36.3 is designed to compare matrices acquired when boarding persons with those matrices that were detected when persons were getting off. The entry and exit direction results from the progress signal. The assignment module 36.3 is also designed for the matrix comparison for transforming matrices, in particular for rotating matrices, in order to be able to take into account the different orientation of persons ascending and descending and the resulting change in the contour images to be compared.
Durch vielfältige Variationen der beschriebenen und beanspruchten Konzepte ist es möglich, die gewünschte Genauigkeit und die Individualisierung einer Erfassungsvorrichtung zu erzielen.By various variations of the described and claimed concepts, it is possible to achieve the desired accuracy and the individualization of a detection device.
Claims (15)
- Detection device (30') for detecting persons (42) or objects and their direction of movement comprising:- a radiation sensor arrangement (32.1) for detecting electromagnetic radiation with the wavelength of visible and/or invisible light, which emanates from a person or an object, and- an evaluation unit (36') that is connected to the sensor arrangement (32, 34) and is designed to form a variation signal, which corresponds to the time variation of the radiation detected by the radiation sensor arrangement, characterised in that the detection device further comprises- individualising means (32.1, 36.1'; 44) that are connected to the evaluation unit (36') and are designed to obtain information that individualises an object or person, and that are connected to a memory (38) which is designed to store at least a portion of the variation signal and the information individualizing the object or the person as characteristic parameters in association with the variation signal, and
in that the detection device further comprises- parameter determining means (36.1', 44) that are connected to the evaluation unit (36') and that are designed to emit an additional signal and in that the evaluation unit (36') is designed to form the characteristic parameters as a function of the additional signal,
wherein- the radiation sensor arrangement comprises a sensor matrix (32.1),- the parameter-determining means comprise a radiation source (44) for radiation which can be detected by the sensor matrix (32.1) as well as an evaluation module (36.1'),- and both the radiation source and the sensor matrix (32.1) are connected to the evaluation module (36.1'),- and the evaluation module is designed to form a matrix as an additional signal from the radiation sent from the radiation source (44), reflected by a person or an object and detected by the sensor matrix (32.1), which matrix determines the characteristic parameters and which represents information individualising the respective person, whereby the matrix corresponds to the three-dimensional surface contour of a detected object or a detected person. - Detection device (30') according to claim 1, characterised in that the radiation source (44) is an infrared light source which preferably emits radiation in a wavelength range greater than 1400 nm.
- Detection device (30') according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the evaluation module (36.1) is connected with the radiation source (44) and the sensor arrangement (32.1) and is designed to determine the running times of a signal sent from the radiation source (44), reflected by an object or a person and received from the sensor arrangement (32, 34) as an additional signal.
- Detection device (30') according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the radiation source (44) is designed to emit a coded signal and in that the evaluation unit (36') is designed to determine the portion of the coded signal on the radiation received from the sensor matrix (32.1).
- Detection device (30') according to claim 4, characterised in that the coded signal is a periodic signal and in that the evaluation unit (36') is designed to determine the running time of a reflected signal as a function of the phase relationship between a coded signal received by the sensor arrangement (32, 34) and a coded signal sent by the radiation source (44).
- Detection device (30') according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the sensor arrangement (32, 34) comprises at least two sensor elements and in that the evaluation unit (36') is designed to form at least two variation signals for different sensor elements.
- Detection device (30') according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the evaluation unit (36') is designed to compare sections of one or more variation signals which have been recorded simultaneously or with a time-shift.
- Detection device (30') according to claim 7, characterised in that the evaluation unit (36') is designed to form a correlation coefficient as the result of the comparison of the variation signal sections.
- Detection device (30') according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the evaluation unit (36') is designed to perform a comparison of signal sections originating from various sensor elements a plurality of times, in that the signal sections for each comparison are time shifted relative to one another by different time differences, and in that a running time signal is formed which corresponds to the time shift which has the greatest similarity or best correlation with the compared signal sections.
- Detection device (30') according to claim 9, characterised in that the evaluation unit (36') is designed to form a velocity signal from the running time signal and from a predetermined spacing of said sensor elements, to which the signal sections used to form the running time signal relate.
- Detection device (30') according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the sensor matrix comprises several sensor elements which are arranged in the form of a matrix and in that the evaluation unit (36') is designed to compare time-shifted signal sections originating from different sensor elements and to derive from the signal section comparison a directional signal, in that from the spatial arrangement of such sensor elements which are assigned to the signal sections of greatest similarity a directional vector is produced.
- Detection device (30') according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised by an additional sensor which is designed to detect hair colour and emit an additional signal dependent on the hair colour.
- Detection device (30') according one of the claims 1 to 11, characterised by an additional sensor, which is designed in the form of a microphone for detecting an acoustic signal such as for example cardiac sounds and emitting an additional signal dependent on the acoustic signal.
- Detection device (30') according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised by an additional sensor which is designed for detecting a scent signal and emitting an additional signal dependent on the scent signal.
- Detection device (30') according to one of claims 1 to 14 and a counting device for moving persons or objects, characterised in that the counting device (40) is connected to the detecting device.
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DE10034976A DE10034976B4 (en) | 2000-07-13 | 2000-07-13 | Detecting device for detecting persons |
PCT/EP2001/008067 WO2002007106A1 (en) | 2000-07-13 | 2001-07-12 | Detection device |
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USRE47134E1 (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2018-11-20 | Leddartech Inc. | Multiple-field-of-view scannerless optical rangefinder in high ambient background light |
US9378640B2 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2016-06-28 | Leddartech Inc. | System and method for traffic side detection and characterization |
US9235988B2 (en) | 2012-03-02 | 2016-01-12 | Leddartech Inc. | System and method for multipurpose traffic detection and characterization |
DE102015202223A1 (en) | 2015-02-09 | 2016-08-11 | Iris-Gmbh Infrared & Intelligent Sensors | control system |
WO2016128081A1 (en) | 2015-02-09 | 2016-08-18 | Iris-Gmbh Infrared & Intelligent Sensors | Control system |
WO2019092277A1 (en) | 2017-11-13 | 2019-05-16 | Iris-Gmbh Infrared & Intelligent Sensors | Detection system |
US11525937B2 (en) | 2017-11-13 | 2022-12-13 | Iris-Gmbh Infrared & Intelligent Sensors | Registration system |
Also Published As
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JP2004504613A (en) | 2004-02-12 |
CN1243327C (en) | 2006-02-22 |
WO2002007106A1 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
AU2001276401A1 (en) | 2002-01-30 |
DE10034976B4 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
DE10034976A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
JP5064637B2 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
CN1393005A (en) | 2003-01-22 |
RU2002109242A (en) | 2004-02-10 |
US6774369B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 |
EP1224632A1 (en) | 2002-07-24 |
MXPA02002509A (en) | 2004-09-10 |
US20020148965A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
DE50115259D1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
ATE452387T1 (en) | 2010-01-15 |
BR0106974A (en) | 2002-05-21 |
RU2302659C2 (en) | 2007-07-10 |
ES2337232T3 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
BR0106974B1 (en) | 2012-12-11 |
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