EP1197643B1 - Process and device for regenerating a particle filter placed in the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine moving an automobile vehicle - Google Patents

Process and device for regenerating a particle filter placed in the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine moving an automobile vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1197643B1
EP1197643B1 EP01402642A EP01402642A EP1197643B1 EP 1197643 B1 EP1197643 B1 EP 1197643B1 EP 01402642 A EP01402642 A EP 01402642A EP 01402642 A EP01402642 A EP 01402642A EP 1197643 B1 EP1197643 B1 EP 1197643B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
engine
filter
temperature
consumers
actuation
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EP01402642A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1197643A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Blanche
Benoît Thuault
Romuald Chaumeux
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Renault SAS
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Renault SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/06—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D2041/026—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus using an external load, e.g. by increasing generator load or by changing the gear ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
    • F02D2200/0812—Particle filter loading

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of regeneration of a particulate filter placed in the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine propelling a motor vehicle. More particularly, the present invention relates to such a method according to which the imminence of clogging of the filter is detected and this clogging is prevented by sweeping the filter with an exhaust gas stream at a temperature at least equal to auto-ignition temperature of the particles.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the annexed drawing of the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine 1, more particularly of the Diesel type.
  • This conventionally comprises a catalytic converter 2 for oxidation of unburned chemical species leaving the engine, a filter 3 designed to retain, in particular, particles of soot and other residues (oil, fuel additives, etc.) carried by engine exhaust.
  • These means commonly comprise a differential pressure sensor 4 placed at the terminals of the particulate filter 3 to deliver, to control means constituted by a management computer 5 of the engine 1, a signal representative of the measured differential pressure, corresponding to the loss. of the exhaust gas during the crossing of the filter, this pressure drop is even stronger than the clogging of the filter is more advanced.
  • the computer 5 triggers a regeneration of the filter by combustion of the particles retained in the filter.
  • the temperature of the exhaust gas passing through the filter above the autoignition temperature of these particles, of the order of 600 ° C.
  • the necessary increase in exhaust gas temperature can also be caused by momentarily degrading the efficiency of the engine by appropriate control of the operating point of the engine (reduction of the ignition advance angle, retardation the opening of the fuel injectors) or by a suitable control of peripheral members (throttle valve for adjusting the air flow entering the engine, exhaust gas recirculation control valve in this engine, etc. ).
  • US-A-4,719,751 discloses a method of regenerating a particulate filter placed in the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine propelling a motor vehicle equipped with a plurality of consumers of electrical energy drawn from the operation of said engine, according to which the imminence of a clogging of said filter is detected and this clogging is prevented by sweeping the filter with an exhaust gas stream at a temperature at least equal to the autoignition temperature of said particles , characterized in that, upon detection of said impending clogging during operation of the engine in idle mode, the activation of at least one of said energy consumers is called said activation contributing to increase the temperature of said gases exhaust to said self-ignition temperature
  • the present invention therefore aims to provide a method of regenerating a particulate filter placed in the exhaust line of a motor vehicle, designed to ensure efficient regeneration of the filter, including when the engine propelling the vehicle operates in idle mode.
  • the increase in the temperature of the exhaust gas thus obtained allows to bring the exhaust gas to a temperature of 600 ° C suitable for unclogging the filter by pyrolysis of soot particles or other residues it contains.
  • the device according to the invention comprises, in addition to the devices or bodies already described in the preamble of the present description, "consumers” C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , ... these consumers being constituted by various equipment of a motor vehicle supplied with electrical energy by a distribution network 6 of this energy, this network being powered by an alternator 7 mechanically coupled to the output shaft of the engine 1.
  • the alternator 7 then operates as a transducer, converting mechanical energy received from the engine into electrical energy suitable for supplying consumers C 1 , C 2 , C 3 .
  • the aforementioned energy consumers are conventionally activated either by the driver of the vehicle or by a command issued by the computer 5, then duly programmed to issue such a command.
  • a plurality C 1 , C 2 , C 3 ... of such consumers can be activated under the control of the computer 5.
  • the computer compares the current engine speed, known by conventional measuring means, not shown, to a value of threshold (for example 1000rpm) below which it is considered that the engine operates in idle mode and delivers then exhaust gas at a relatively low temperature, for example 200 ° C, very insufficient to allow destruction by pyrolysis soot particles and other residues that threaten to clog the particulate filter.
  • threshold for example 1000rpm
  • the computer is duly programmed so that, if the speed of the motor is then below this threshold value, the computer automatically activates one or more consumers C 1 , C 2 , C 3 ... so as to to increase the electric power delivered by the alternator 7, and therefore the mechanical power that the engine 6 must provide to the alternator, so that the latter can feed the activated consumers.
  • the computer 5 For the engine 6 to provide this additional mechanical power, the computer 5 must increase the fuel flow admitted into the cylinders of the engine. The consequence of this increase is an increase in the temperature of the exhaust gases leaving the engine.
  • the temperature increase of the gases thus obtained with that obtained from an increase in the idling speed of the engine (800 to 1000 rpm, for example), and to that which is drawn a deterioration of the combustion of the air / fuel supply of the engine, and thus of the efficiency of the engine, it is possible, according to the invention, to heat the exhaust gas above the temperature of 600 ° About C, which makes possible the self-ignition of the particles contained in the filter 3, and thus the cleaning by pyrolysis of this filter.
  • This degradation and this increase in the idling speed can both be controlled by the computer 5.
  • the map shown in FIG. 2 illustrates the efficiency of the exhaust gas heating process explained above.
  • This map represents the temperature of the exhaust gas, upstream of the particle filter 3, as a function of the engine R speed (in rpm) and the torque C delivered by this engine (in Nm).
  • the computer 5 deactivates the temporarily activated consumers and returns the operating point of the motor to the position prior to the initiation of the regeneration.
  • the computer can proceed by observing the evolution of the pressure drop in the filter, seen by the sensor differential pressure 4, or by detection, with the aid of a temperature sensor placed downstream of the filter, the passage of a peak temperature, significant that the amount of particles burned in the filter is reduced. It is also advantageous to observe the concentration of the carbon monoxide exhaust gas at the outlet of the filter.
  • the method according to the invention for heating the exhaust gas by activating energy consumers mounted in a motor vehicle makes it possible, by participating in the heating of the gases used to burn the particles retained in the filter, to shorten the duration of degradation of the efficiency of the engine when using this means to ensure this pyrolysis. It also makes it possible to reduce or eliminate the periods of time (traffic jams) during which any regeneration is impossible.
  • the process according to the invention could be used in combination with the use of a chemical additive added to the engine fuel, to lower the autoignition temperature of the particles retained in the filter. It is thus also possible for the regeneration of the filter to be triggered by detection of the crossing of a distance traveled by the vehicle (for example 500 km) or of a volume of fuel consumed by the engine, corresponding substantially to two successive blockages of the engine. filtered.

Description

La présente invention est relative à un procédé de régénération d'un filtre à particules placé dans la ligne d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne propulsant un véhicule automobile. Plus particulièrement, la présente invention est relative à un tel procédé suivant lequel on détecte l'imminence d'un colmatage du filtre et on prévient ce colmatage en balayant le filtre avec un courant de gaz d'échappement à une température au moins égale à la température d'auto-inflammation des particules.The present invention relates to a method of regeneration of a particulate filter placed in the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine propelling a motor vehicle. More particularly, the present invention relates to such a method according to which the imminence of clogging of the filter is detected and this clogging is prevented by sweeping the filter with an exhaust gas stream at a temperature at least equal to auto-ignition temperature of the particles.

On a représenté schématiquement à la figure 1 du dessin annexé la ligne d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne 1, plus particulièrement du type Diesel. Celle-ci comprend classiquement un pot catalytique 2 d'oxydation des espèces chimiques imbrûlées sortant du moteur un filtre 3 conçu pour retenir, notamment, des particules de suie et d'autres résidus (huile, additifs de carburant, ...) portées par les gaz d'échappement du moteur.FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the annexed drawing of the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine 1, more particularly of the Diesel type. This conventionally comprises a catalytic converter 2 for oxidation of unburned chemical species leaving the engine, a filter 3 designed to retain, in particular, particles of soot and other residues (oil, fuel additives, etc.) carried by engine exhaust.

Ce filtre s'encrassant progressivement sous l'effet de l'accumulation de ces particules, il est nécessaire de prévoir des moyens de décolmatage du filtre, mis en oeuvre périodiquement. Ces moyens comprennent couramment un capteur de pression différentielle 4 placé aux bornes du filtre à particules 3 pour délivrer, à des moyens de commande constitués par un calculateur 5 de gestion du moteur 1, un signal représentatif de la pression différentielle mesurée, correspondant à la perte de charge des gaz d'échappement pendant la traversée du filtre, cette perte de charge étant d'autant plus forte que l'encrassement du filtre est plus avancé.As this filter becomes progressively fouled by the accumulation of these particles, it is necessary to provide means for declogging the filter, which is periodically implemented. These means commonly comprise a differential pressure sensor 4 placed at the terminals of the particulate filter 3 to deliver, to control means constituted by a management computer 5 of the engine 1, a signal representative of the measured differential pressure, corresponding to the loss. of the exhaust gas during the crossing of the filter, this pressure drop is even stronger than the clogging of the filter is more advanced.

Au franchissement d'un seuil par cette perte de charge, le calculateur 5 déclenche une régénération du filtre par combustion des particules retenues dans le filtre. Pour ce faire il faut faire passer la température des gaz d'échappement passant dans le filtre, au-dessus de la température d'auto-inflammation de ces particules, de l'ordre de 600°C environ. Ce résultat peut être obtenu à l'aide d'un brûleur. On peut aussi provoquer l'accroissement nécessaire de la température des gaz d'échappement en dégradant momentanément le rendement du moteur par une commande appropriée du point de fonctionnement de celui-ci (réduction de l'angle d'avance à l'allumage, retardement de l'ouverture des injecteurs de carburant) ou par une commande convenable d'organes périphériques (papillon de réglage du débit d'air entrant dans le moteur, vanne de commande de recirculation des gaz d'échappement dans ce moteur, etc...).When a threshold is crossed by this pressure drop, the computer 5 triggers a regeneration of the filter by combustion of the particles retained in the filter. To do this it is necessary to pass the temperature of the exhaust gas passing through the filter, above the autoignition temperature of these particles, of the order of 600 ° C. This result can be obtained at using a burner. The necessary increase in exhaust gas temperature can also be caused by momentarily degrading the efficiency of the engine by appropriate control of the operating point of the engine (reduction of the ignition advance angle, retardation the opening of the fuel injectors) or by a suitable control of peripheral members (throttle valve for adjusting the air flow entering the engine, exhaust gas recirculation control valve in this engine, etc. ).

Le US-A-4 719 751 divulgue un procédé de régénération d'un filtre à particules placé dans la ligne d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne propulsant un véhicule automobile équipé d'une pluralité de consommateurs d'énergie électrique tirée du fonctionnement dudit moteur, suivant lequel on détecte l'imminence d'un colmatage dudit filtre et on prévient ce colmatage en balayant le filtre avec un courant de gaz d'échappement à une température au moins égale à la température d'auto-inflammation desdites particules, procédé caractérisé en ce que, à la détection dudit colmatage imminent lors d'un fonctionnement du moteur en régime de ralenti, on commande l'activation d'au moins un desdits consommateurs d'énergie ladite activation contribuant à faire croître la température desdits gaz d'échappement jusqu'à ladite température d'auto-inflammation US-A-4,719,751 discloses a method of regenerating a particulate filter placed in the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine propelling a motor vehicle equipped with a plurality of consumers of electrical energy drawn from the operation of said engine, according to which the imminence of a clogging of said filter is detected and this clogging is prevented by sweeping the filter with an exhaust gas stream at a temperature at least equal to the autoignition temperature of said particles , characterized in that, upon detection of said impending clogging during operation of the engine in idle mode, the activation of at least one of said energy consumers is called said activation contributing to increase the temperature of said gases exhaust to said self-ignition temperature

L'utilisation de brûleurs ou de bougies de chauffage électrique pour atteindre la température d'auto-inflammation des particules, présente l'inconvénient d'être coûteuse. Quant au procédé de relèvement de la température des gaz d'échappement par dégradation du rendement du moteur, s'il s'avère satisfaisant dans des conditions de roulage normal du véhicule, il n'en est pas de même quand le moteur du véhicule tourne à un régime de ralenti. Quand le véhicule est pris dans un embouteillage et que son moteur tourne alors au ralenti pendant une longue période de temps, il peut même devenir impossible de régénérer le filtre à particules par ce moyen. Cela est particulièrement dommageable quant au bon fonctionnement du moteur du fait que les embouteillages constituent une part importante de la circulation automobile en zone urbaine.The use of burners or electric heating candles to achieve the auto-ignition temperature of the particles, has the disadvantage of being expensive. As for the method of raising the temperature of the exhaust gas by degradation of the efficiency of the engine, if it proves satisfactory under normal driving conditions of the vehicle, it is not the same when the engine of the vehicle is running. idling. When the vehicle is caught in a traffic jam and its engine idling for a long period of time, it may even become impossible to regenerate the particulate filter by this means. This is particularly damaging to the proper functioning of the engine because traffic jams are an important part of the traffic in urban areas.

La présente invention a donc pour but de fournir un procédé de régénération d'un filtre à particules placé dans la ligne d'échappement d'un véhicule automobile, conçu pour assurer une régénération efficace du filtre, y compris quand le moteur propulsant le véhicule fonctionne en régime de ralenti.The present invention therefore aims to provide a method of regenerating a particulate filter placed in the exhaust line of a motor vehicle, designed to ensure efficient regeneration of the filter, including when the engine propelling the vehicle operates in idle mode.

On atteint ce but de l'invention, ainsi que d'autres qui apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, avec un procédé de régénération du type décrit iem dans la revendication 1.This object of the invention, as well as others which will become apparent from the following description, is achieved with a regeneration method of the type described in claim 1.

Comme on le verra plus loin, l'accroissement de la température des gaz d'échappement ainsi obtenu, éventuellement combiné à celui qui résulte d'une dégradation provoquée du rendement du moteur et éventuellement encore, d'un accroissement du régime de ralenti, permet de porter les gaz d'échappement à une température voisine de 600°C convenant au décolmatage du filtre par pyrolyse des particules de suie ou d'autres résidus qu'il contient.As will be seen below, the increase in the temperature of the exhaust gas thus obtained, possibly combined with that which results from an induced degradation of the engine efficiency and possibly even an increase in the idling speed, allows to bring the exhaust gas to a temperature of 600 ° C suitable for unclogging the filter by pyrolysis of soot particles or other residues it contains.

D'autres avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre et à l'examen du dessin annexé dans lequel:

  • la figure 1 est un schéma d'un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de régénération suivant la présente invention, schéma déjà partiellement décrit en préambule de la présente description, et
  • la figure 2 est une cartographie de la température des gaz d'échappement en fonction du régime du moteur et du couple délivré par celui-ci, cette cartographie illustrant l'efficacité du procédé de régénération de filtre à particules suivant la présente invention.
Other advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the description which follows and on examining the appended drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of a device for carrying out the regeneration method according to the present invention, a scheme already partially described in the preamble of the present description, and
  • FIG. 2 is a map of the temperature of the exhaust gas as a function of the engine speed and the torque delivered by it, this mapping illustrating the efficiency of the particle filter regeneration method according to the present invention.

On se réfère à la figure 1 du dessin annexé où il apparaît que le dispositif suivant l'invention comprend, outre les appareils ou organes déjà décrits en préambule de la présente description, des "consommateurs" C1, C2, C3, ... ces consommateurs étant constitués par divers équipements d'un véhicule automobile alimentés en énergie électrique par un réseau de distribution 6 de cette énergie, ce réseau étant alimenté par un alternateur 7 couplé mécaniquement à l'arbre de sortie du moteur 1. L'alternateur 7 fonctionne alors en transducteur, convertissant de l'énergie mécanique reçue du moteur en énergie électrique propre à alimenter les consommateurs C1, C2, C3... .Referring to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing which shows that the device according to the invention comprises, in addition to the devices or bodies already described in the preamble of the present description, "consumers" C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , ... these consumers being constituted by various equipment of a motor vehicle supplied with electrical energy by a distribution network 6 of this energy, this network being powered by an alternator 7 mechanically coupled to the output shaft of the engine 1. The alternator 7 then operates as a transducer, converting mechanical energy received from the engine into electrical energy suitable for supplying consumers C 1 , C 2 , C 3 .

A titre d'exemple de consommateurs ainsi alimentés équipant classiquement un véhicule automobile, on peut citer : les bougies de préchauffage électrique du mélange air/carburant d'un moteur Diesel, un groupe moto-ventilateur de circulation d'air dans l'habitacle d'un véhicule automobile, un compresseur de groupe de climatisation de cet habitacle (ou "climatiseur"), des résistances électriques de chauffage de l'eau d'un circuit de chauffage d'air, ou de chauffage des sièges du véhicule, etc, etc....As an example of consumers thus powered conventionally equipping a motor vehicle, there may be mentioned: the electric glow plugs of the air / fuel mixture of a diesel engine, a motorcycle fan assembly of air circulation in the passenger compartment. 'a motor vehicle, an air conditioning unit compressor of this cabin (or "air conditioner"), electric heating elements of the water of an air heating circuit, or heating of the vehicle seats, etc., etc ....

Les consommateurs d'énergie précités sont classiquement activés soit par le conducteur du véhicule, soit par une commande émise par le calculateur 5, alors dûment programmé pour émettre une telle commande.The aforementioned energy consumers are conventionally activated either by the driver of the vehicle or by a command issued by the computer 5, then duly programmed to issue such a command.

Suivant la présente invention, on prévoit qu'une pluralité C1, C2, C3... de tels consommateurs sont activables sous la commande du calculateur 5.According to the present invention, it is provided that a plurality C 1 , C 2 , C 3 ... of such consumers can be activated under the control of the computer 5.

Le procédé de régénération du filtre à particules 3 selon la présente invention, mis en oeuvre à l'aide du dispositif de la figure 1, s'établit alors comme suit.The regeneration method of the particle filter 3 according to the present invention, implemented using the device of Figure 1, is then established as follows.

Quand le capteur de pression différentielle 4 délivre au calculateur 5 un signal représentatif de l'imminence d'un colmatage du filtre 3, le calculateur compare le régime actuel du moteur, connu par des moyens de mesure classiques, non représentés, à une valeur de seuil (par exemple 1000t/mn) en-dessous de laquelle on considère que le moteur fonctionne en régime de ralenti et délivre alors des gaz d'échappement à une température relativement basse, par exemple 200°C, très insuffisante pour permettre une destruction par pyrolyse des particules de suie et autres résidus qui menacent de colmater le filtre à particules.When the differential pressure sensor 4 delivers to the computer 5 a signal representative of the imminence of clogging of the filter 3, the computer compares the current engine speed, known by conventional measuring means, not shown, to a value of threshold (for example 1000rpm) below which it is considered that the engine operates in idle mode and delivers then exhaust gas at a relatively low temperature, for example 200 ° C, very insufficient to allow destruction by pyrolysis soot particles and other residues that threaten to clog the particulate filter.

Suivant la présente invention, le calculateur est dûment programmé pour que, si le régime du moteur est alors inférieur à cette valeur de seuil, le calculateur active automatiquement un ou plusieurs des consommateurs C1, C2, C3... de manière à faire croître la puissance électrique délivrée par l'alternateur 7, et donc la puissance mécanique que le moteur 6 doit fournir à cet alternateur, pour que ce dernier puisse alimenter les consommateurs activés.According to the present invention, the computer is duly programmed so that, if the speed of the motor is then below this threshold value, the computer automatically activates one or more consumers C 1 , C 2 , C 3 ... so as to to increase the electric power delivered by the alternator 7, and therefore the mechanical power that the engine 6 must provide to the alternator, so that the latter can feed the activated consumers.

Pour que le moteur 6 puisse fournir cette puissance mécanique supplémentaire, le calculateur 5 doit faire croître le débit de carburant admis dans les cylindres du moteur. La conséquence de cet accroissement est un accroissement de la température des gaz d'échappement sortant du moteur.For the engine 6 to provide this additional mechanical power, the computer 5 must increase the fuel flow admitted into the cylinders of the engine. The consequence of this increase is an increase in the temperature of the exhaust gases leaving the engine.

On a pu chiffrer à plus de 100°C l'accroissement de température que l'on peut ainsi obtenir par l'activation de consommateurs d'énergie électrique.It has been possible to quantify at more than 100 ° C the temperature increase that can be obtained by the activation of consumers of electrical energy.

En combinant, éventuellement, l'accroissement de température des gaz ainsi obtenus à celui que l'on tire d'un accroissement du régime de ralenti du moteur (de 800 à 1000 t/mn par exemple), et à celui qu'on tire d'une dégradation de la combustion du mélange air/carburant d'alimentation du moteur, et donc du rendement du moteur, on parvient, suivant l'invention, à réchauffer les gaz d'échappement au-dessus de la température, de 600°C environ, qui rend possible l'auto-inflammation des particules contenues dans le filtre 3, et donc le nettoyage par pyrolyse de ce filtre. Cette dégradation et cet accroissement du régime de ralenti peuvent être tous deux commandés par le calculateur 5.By combining, if necessary, the temperature increase of the gases thus obtained with that obtained from an increase in the idling speed of the engine (800 to 1000 rpm, for example), and to that which is drawn a deterioration of the combustion of the air / fuel supply of the engine, and thus of the efficiency of the engine, it is possible, according to the invention, to heat the exhaust gas above the temperature of 600 ° About C, which makes possible the self-ignition of the particles contained in the filter 3, and thus the cleaning by pyrolysis of this filter. This degradation and this increase in the idling speed can both be controlled by the computer 5.

La cartographie représentée à la figure 2 illustre l'efficacité du processus de réchauffement des gaz d'échappement explicité ci-dessus. Cette cartographie représente la température des gaz d'échappement, en amont du filtre à particules 3, en fonction du régime R du moteur (en tr/mn) et du couple C délivré par ce moteur (en N.m).The map shown in FIG. 2 illustrates the efficiency of the exhaust gas heating process explained above. This map represents the temperature of the exhaust gas, upstream of the particle filter 3, as a function of the engine R speed (in rpm) and the torque C delivered by this engine (in Nm).

Lors d'un fonctionnement normal en régime de ralenti, au point de fonctionnement P1, on observe que les valeurs de régime (environ 800 tr/mn) et de couple (15 N.m) typiques d'un tel fonctionnement conduisent à la production de gaz d'échappement à une température inférieure à 200°C.During normal operation at idle speed, at operating point P 1 , it is observed that the values of speed (around 800 rpm) and torque (15 Nm) typical of such operation lead to the production of exhaust gas at a temperature below 200 ° C.

En combinant l'activation, suivant la présente invention, de consommateurs alors hors service, avec une remontée du régime de ralenti de 800 à 1000 tr/mn et une dégradation du rendement du moteur, on peut faire monter la température des gaz d'échappement à plus de 600°C (point de fonctionnement P2), température qui convient pour assurer le nettoyage par pyrolyse du filtre à particules 3. On remarquera que l'activation des consommateurs a provoqué, à cet effet, une remontée de 15 à 120 N.m du couple délivré par le moteur, du fait de l'accroissement de l'énergie absorbée par l'alternateur.By combining the activation, according to the present invention, of consumers then out of service, with a reversion of the idling speed of 800 to 1000 rpm and a deterioration of the efficiency of the engine, it is possible to raise the temperature of the exhaust gases. at more than 600 ° C (operating point P 2 ), suitable temperature to ensure the cleaning by pyrolysis of the particle filter 3. It will be noted that the activation of consumers caused, for this purpose, a rise from 15 to 120 Nm of the torque delivered by the engine, due to the increase of the energy absorbed by the alternator.

On remarquera aussi que la spectaculaire remontée de la température des gaz d'échappement ainsi obtenue est une conséquence de la forte raideur de la surface représentée à la figure 2, entre les points de fonctionnement P1 et P2.It will also be noted that the spectacular rise in the temperature of the exhaust gases thus obtained is a consequence of the high stiffness of the surface shown in FIG. 2, between the operating points P 1 and P 2 .

Quand la régénération du filtre est terminée, le calculateur 5 désactive les consommateurs temporairement activés et ramène le point de fonctionnement du moteur à la position antérieure au déclenchement de la régénération.When the regeneration of the filter is completed, the computer 5 deactivates the temporarily activated consumers and returns the operating point of the motor to the position prior to the initiation of the regeneration.

Pour arrêter la régénération du filtre, le calculateur peut procéder par observation de l'évolution de la perte de charge dans le filtre, vue par le capteur de pression différentielle 4, ou par détection, à l'aide d'un capteur de température placé en aval du filtre, du passage d'un pic de température, significatif de ce que la quantité de particules brûlée dans le filtre se réduit. On peut avantageusement procéder aussi par observation de la concentration des gaz d'échappement en monoxyde de carbone, à la sortie du filtre.To stop the regeneration of the filter, the computer can proceed by observing the evolution of the pressure drop in the filter, seen by the sensor differential pressure 4, or by detection, with the aid of a temperature sensor placed downstream of the filter, the passage of a peak temperature, significant that the amount of particles burned in the filter is reduced. It is also advantageous to observe the concentration of the carbon monoxide exhaust gas at the outlet of the filter.

On remarquera que le procédé suivant l'invention, de réchauffage des gaz d'échappement par activation de consommateurs d'énergie montés dans un véhicule automobile permet, en participant au réchauffement des gaz utilisés pour brûler les particules retenues dans le filtre, de raccourcir la durée de la dégradation du rendement du moteur quand on utilise ce moyen pour assurer cette pyrolyse. Il permet aussi de réduire ou de supprimer les périodes de temps (embouteillages) pendant lesquelles toute régénération est impossible.It will be noted that the method according to the invention for heating the exhaust gas by activating energy consumers mounted in a motor vehicle makes it possible, by participating in the heating of the gases used to burn the particles retained in the filter, to shorten the duration of degradation of the efficiency of the engine when using this means to ensure this pyrolysis. It also makes it possible to reduce or eliminate the periods of time (traffic jams) during which any regeneration is impossible.

Bien entendu l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et représenté qui n'a été donné qu'à titre d'exemple. C'est ainsi que le procédé suivant l'invention pourrait être utilisé en combinaison avec l'utilisation d'un additif chimique ajouté au carburant du moteur, pour abaisser la température d'auto-inflammation des particules retenues dans le filtre. C'est ainsi aussi que la régénération du filtre pourrait être déclenchée par détection du franchissement d'une distance parcourue par le véhicule (500 km par exemple) ou d'un volume de carburant consommé par le moteur, correspondant sensiblement à deux colmatages successifs du filtre.Naturally, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown which has been given only by way of example. Thus, the process according to the invention could be used in combination with the use of a chemical additive added to the engine fuel, to lower the autoignition temperature of the particles retained in the filter. It is thus also possible for the regeneration of the filter to be triggered by detection of the crossing of a distance traveled by the vehicle (for example 500 km) or of a volume of fuel consumed by the engine, corresponding substantially to two successive blockages of the engine. filtered.

Claims (6)

  1. A method of regeneration of a particle filter (3) disposed in the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine (1) driving an automobile vehicle fitted with a plurality of consumers of electrical energy (C1, C2, C3, etc.) supplied by an alternator (7) driven by the engine (1), in which imminent clogging-up of the filter (3) is detected and this clogging-up is prevented by sweeping the filter (3) with an exhaust gas current at a temperature at least equal to the spontaneous ignition temperature of the particles, which method is characterised in that on detection of this imminent clogging-up during operation of the engine (1) at idling speed, at least one of the energy consumers (C1, C2, C3, etc.) is actuated, this actuation helping to cause the temperature of the exhaust gases to increase to the spontaneous ignition temperature through an increase of the mechanical power of the engine supplied to the alternator, and in that an acceleration of the idling speed is commanded at the same time to help to raise the temperature of the exhaust gases.
  2. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that, at the same time as this actuation, a degradation of the combustion of the air/fuel mixture consumed by the engine (1) is commanded to ensure an additional heating of the exhaust gases.
  3. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the actuated energy consumer or consumers (C1, C2, C3, etc.) are selected from the group formed by the glow plugs for the air/fuel mixture consumed by the engine, a motor fan unit, an air conditioning compressor, electrical heating means of an air conditioning device and electrical resistances.
  4. A device for applying the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it comprises (a) means (4) for detecting the imminent clogging-up of the particle filter (3) through which the exhaust gases of the engine (1) pass, (b) means for measuring the speed of the engine (1) and (c) means (5) for controlling the actuation of at least one of the energy consumers (C1, C2, C3) fitted in the vehicle when the detection means (4) indicate imminent clogging-up of the filter (3) while the measuring means indicate that the engine (1) is operating at idling speed.
  5. A device as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that the control means (5) control a degradation of the combustion of the air/fuel mixture consumed by the engine (1) at the same time as the actuation of at least one of the energy consumers (C1, C2, C3).
  6. A device as claimed in any one of claims 4 and 5, characterised in that the control means (5) control an increase of the idling speed at the same time as the actuation of at least one of the energy consumers (C1, C2, C3).
EP01402642A 2000-10-12 2001-10-12 Process and device for regenerating a particle filter placed in the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine moving an automobile vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP1197643B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0013070 2000-10-12
FR0013070A FR2815379B1 (en) 2000-10-12 2000-10-12 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REGENERATING A PARTICLE FILTER PLACED IN THE EXHAUST LINE OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PROPELLING A MOTOR VEHICLE

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EP1197643A1 EP1197643A1 (en) 2002-04-17
EP1197643B1 true EP1197643B1 (en) 2006-06-14

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Families Citing this family (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2879671B1 (en) * 2004-12-17 2010-07-30 Renault Sas METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONDITIONING THE REGENERATION OF A DIESEL ENGINE PARTICLE FILTER OF A MOTOR VEHICLE
US7076945B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2006-07-18 Detroit Diesel Corporation Method and system for controlling temperatures of exhaust gases emitted from an internal combustion engine to facilitate regeneration of a particulate filter
AT510611B1 (en) * 2010-11-02 2012-12-15 Hanspeter Dipl Ing Mayer DEVICE FOR CLEANING A FILTER OR CATALYST

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4719751A (en) * 1984-03-31 1988-01-19 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo K.K. Diesel particulate oxidizer regeneration system

Family Cites Families (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3408057A1 (en) * 1984-03-05 1985-06-20 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Method for the ignition of soot burn-off filters and diesel engine with soot burn-off filter
EP0196421B1 (en) * 1985-04-04 1988-10-12 Zeuna-Stärker Gmbh & Co Kg Method for regenerating a soot filter in a diesel internal-combustion engine
JPS63297722A (en) * 1987-05-29 1988-12-05 Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd Regenerative method for exhaust purifier of diesel engine
DE69124227T2 (en) * 1990-02-27 1997-06-19 Orbital Eng Australia EXHAUST EXHAUST CONTROL

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4719751A (en) * 1984-03-31 1988-01-19 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo K.K. Diesel particulate oxidizer regeneration system

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DE60120587D1 (en) 2006-07-27
FR2815379A1 (en) 2002-04-19
DE60120587T2 (en) 2007-05-31
EP1197643A1 (en) 2002-04-17
FR2815379B1 (en) 2003-04-18

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