EP1124028B1 - Device for limiting the relative displacement of two elements of a civil engineering structure and structure with such a device - Google Patents

Device for limiting the relative displacement of two elements of a civil engineering structure and structure with such a device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1124028B1
EP1124028B1 EP01400242A EP01400242A EP1124028B1 EP 1124028 B1 EP1124028 B1 EP 1124028B1 EP 01400242 A EP01400242 A EP 01400242A EP 01400242 A EP01400242 A EP 01400242A EP 1124028 B1 EP1124028 B1 EP 1124028B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bars
bar
linked
template
approximately
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP01400242A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1124028A1 (en
Inventor
Alain Capra
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Vinci Construction Grands Projets SAS
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Vinci Construction Grands Projets SAS
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Publication of EP1124028A1 publication Critical patent/EP1124028A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • E04H9/0237—Structural braces with damping devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/028—Earthquake withstanding shelters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for limiting the amplitude of the relative displacement of two elements of a civil engineering structure or a building and absorb the deformation energy of this structure when it is subjected to an accidental stress, such as an earthquake, a wind exceptional, an explosion, a shock ...
  • the invention also relates to civil engineering structures or buildings with such a device.
  • the device according to the invention can be put in place in the structure during the construction thereof, or at a later stage for the purpose of strengthening the structure.
  • the object of the invention is to propose an improvement to the devices known, so as to provide a device which is very simple to make, which can be mass produced.
  • Another objective of the invention is to provide a device which is easy to implement, including in existing structures.
  • the invention therefore provides a device made in one piece, which solves the problem of positioning the different parts of the device together compared to others, and simplifies the manufacturing process.
  • the part capable of undergoing plastic deformation comprises at at least one bar, preferably of rectangular section, linked to the means of guiding the plastic deformation at one of its ends, and the means for guiding the plastic deformation comprise at least one bending template defining at least one curved surface on which the bend part capable of undergoing plastic deformation during said deformation.
  • the device can include several elements identical superimposed monoblocks.
  • the device can also include at least one fixed holding element at least one template and having a portion of its surface adjoining at least a bar, said holding element being intended to limit the spillage of the device during the deformation of said device.
  • the device comprises a plurality of bars arranged substantially parallel to each other others in the same plane, between two substantially parallel lines.
  • the ends of each of the bars that are aligned on a first line are linked to a first bending jig and the ends of each of the bars which are aligned on the second line are linked to a second template of bending.
  • the two templates are located in said plane, substantially perpendicular to said bars, and each define a curved surface on either side of each of the bars.
  • the invention also relates to a gantry structure defining meshes substantially rectangular elementaries, and comprising at least one such device.
  • This structure has four bars arranged in a cross, each bar being fixed, at one of its ends, at an angle of said mesh, two adjacent bars being fixed, at the other of their ends, to a first template of said device, the other two bars being fixed to the other of their ends, to the second template of said device.
  • the device comprises a bar linked at each of its ends to a bending template, each templates defining two curved surfaces arranged on either side of bar.
  • This device is intended to be placed in a structure comprising lintels, and to be fixed substantially horizontally on these lintels.
  • the invention also relates to a gantry structure comprising beams substantially horizontal and substantially vertical posts, and comprising at least one such device positioned at the intersection between beams and columns, the bars of the device being fixed substantially horizontally on the beams and the arms being fixed substantially vertically on the posts.
  • the end of the bar which is not linked to the guide means is rounded in shape or is provided with a articulation, the device being intended to be placed in an engineering structure civil comprising at least two parts between which are placed seismic isolators.
  • the guide means are fixed on a first part of said structure, and the end of the bar which is not linked to the guide means slides in a slide fixed on a second part of said structure.
  • the invention relates to a civil engineering structure comprising at least two parts and at least one device according to the second or third mode of realization, the said device being placed so that the central part of the device located towards the common end of the bars is linked to a device support fixed to a part of said structure, the end of each of the arms and / or bars which is not linked to the guide means being able to slide in a slide fastened to another part of said structure.
  • the device 1 comprises a bar 2 as well as a bending jig 3.
  • the bar 2 is linked to the template 3 at one of its ends 4, the assembly bar 2 - template 3 forming a one-piece element.
  • this one-piece element is planar. Thereafter, P 1 will denote the plane defined by this element, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the bending template 3 defines at least one curved surface 5 on which bends bar 2 during its plastic deformation.
  • FIG. 1 represents the position of the bar 2 at rest, in dotted lines, as well as the position of this bar 2 during its deformation, in solid lines.
  • the curved surface 5 is tangent to the bar 2 at the contact line 6 between the template 3 and the end 4 of the bar 2 linked to the template 3.
  • the surface curve 5 diverges from bar 2 when moving away from the line of contact 6, and the convexity of the curved surface 5 is directed towards the bar 2.
  • the radius of curvature R i of said curved surface 5 is proportional to the width h i of the bar 2 measured at a point on said bar 2 intended to come into contact with said point M i of the curved surface 5 during plastic deformation.
  • the template 3 will have a variable radius of curvature according to the point M i of the surface 5 considered, this radius of curvature depending on the corresponding width of the bar 2.
  • the ratio R i / h i can be a function calibrated according to the use of the device.
  • the bar 2 is of rectangular cross section and has a plane of symmetry P 2 perpendicular to the plane P 1 and arranged along the length of the bar 2.
  • the template 3 defines two curved surfaces 5, 5 'arranged on either side of the bar 2 and symmetrical with respect to the plane P 2 .
  • bar 2 is designed so that its deformations remain in the elastic domain, its displacements being compatible with the operation of the equipment and the finishing work, including facades, piping ...
  • the device is preferably made of steel, ductile iron, an alloy metallic, or a metallic matrix composite.
  • the device is produced by cutting a metal sheet, at by means of an oxycut torch, by high pressure water jet, laser beam or any other system giving equivalent cutting precision. he can also be formed by molding.
  • the width of the cutting groove 7 can be excessive with regard to the general dimensions of the device to be produced, as illustrated in figure 2.
  • the width of the groove can reach 4 mm.
  • the first and second embodiments which will be described below in referring to Figures 3 to 9, are intended to be implemented in gantry civil engineering structures, that is to say structures comprising substantially horizontal beams 10 and substantially vertical posts 11 forming elementary meshes substantially rectangular in a plane substantially vertical.
  • Figures 3, 6 and 9 show such structures, in which the beams 10 notably support the floors 9.
  • Figure 9 shows, in dotted lines, the position of the beams 10 and posts 11 in normal situation as well as, in solid lines, the position of the beams 10 and posts 11 following an accidental request.
  • the structure deforms into parallelogram.
  • the invention proposes to control the shortening and lengthening of the diagonals of the elementary mesh.
  • the device 1 comprises a plurality of bars 2 arranged substantially parallel to each other in the same plane P 1 , parallel to the cutting plane of Figure 3. These bars 2 have substantially identical lengths and are located in the plane P 1 , between two lines D 1 and D 2 substantially parallel.
  • each of the bars 2 which are aligned on the right D 1 are linked to a first bending jig 3, and the ends of each of the bars 2 which are aligned on the right D 2 are linked to a second bending jig 3 .
  • the two templates 3, 3 ′ are located in the plane P 1 , substantially perpendicular to the bars 2.
  • the two templates are of shapes identical.
  • Each bar 12 is fixed to one from its ends, at an angle to the rectangular mesh formed by the posts 11 and beams 10.
  • the bars 12 located on a first diagonal of the mesh will play the role of tie rods and lie down, while the bars 12 located on the second diagonal will compress.
  • the device 1 then deforms into a parallelogram, the bars 2 folding on the curved surfaces 5 defined by the templates 3, 3 '.
  • the device 1 may include holding elements 13 intended to limit the spillage of said device 1 during its deformation.
  • the device 1 comprises four holding elements 13 in the form of rods, plates, or stiffeners welded to the jigs 3, 3 ′ of said device 1. These four elements 13 are placed parallel to the straight lines D 1 and D 2 , two retaining elements 13 being welded to each template 3, on either side of said template relative to the plane P 1 , as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5. The retaining elements 13 are therefore attached to the bars 2, this which limits the spillage of the device 1 during its deformation.
  • the bars 12 are articulated to the level of their connection with the templates 3, 3 'of the device 1.
  • the device 1 according to the invention comprises two monobloc elements 14 of shapes identical overlapping.
  • Each one-piece element 14 comprises four bars 2 arranged crosswise in the same plane P 1 parallel to the section plane of FIG. 6, said bars being substantially perpendicular to each other.
  • Each element 14 also comprises four bending jigs 3 arranged in a cross in the plane P 1 , in a substantially symmetrical manner, each of the jigs 3 being positioned between two bars 2.
  • Each template 3 defines two curved surfaces 5, 5 ', so that a surface curve is arranged on either side of each of the bars.
  • the washers 15 are held integral with the elements 14 by fastening elements of the type screw nut. This allows to maintain a constant spacing between the two monobloc elements 14, to avoid the spillage of the device 1 during its deformation, and to facilitate the connection of the device 1 to the elementary mesh of the gantry structure.
  • the device according to the first embodiment described previously may have two identical one-piece elements superimposed instead of a single monobloc element provided with retaining elements 13 limiting the spill.
  • the device 1 according to this second embodiment is linked to the structure in gantry via eight metal bars 16.
  • the bars 16 located on a first diagonal of the mesh will play the role of tie rods and lengthen, while the bars 16 located on the second diagonal will compress.
  • the bars 2 of the device 1 will deform plastically by bending on curved surfaces 5 corresponding templates 3, said templates working in the field elastic.
  • the device 1 comprises a bar 2 linked at each of its ends 4 to a bending template 3, each of the templates 3 defining two curved surfaces 5 arranged on either side of the bar 2.
  • This device 1 is intended to be fixed substantially horizontally on the lintels 17 of a civil engineering structure, above an opening 18.
  • the device 1 can be bolted to the faces of the walls of said structure, as illustrated in figure 10. The device is then used for repair or strengthening the lintels.
  • the device 1 can also be incorporated into the reinforced concrete composing the walls, as illustrated in FIG. 11. In the latter case, the anchoring of the device 1 is ensured by its welding on the reinforcements 25 of the reinforced concrete.
  • FIG. 12 represents the deformation of a civil engineering structure comprising walls and lintels, and comprising a device 1 according to the third mode for carrying out the invention.
  • FIG. 13 represents a fourth embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • This device 1 is intended to be placed in a gantry structure, such as previously described. Said device 1 is placed at an intersection between the beams 10 and posts 11, the bars 2 being fixed substantially horizontally on the beams 10 and the arms 19 being fixed substantially vertically on the posts 11.
  • the elementary mesh deforms into a parallelogram, which leads to the plasticization of the bars 2, guided by the curved surfaces 5 of the templates 3, the arms 19 working in the elastic domain.
  • This device applies in particular to civil engineering structures comprising at least two parts 20, 21, a part 20 of said structure being placed on seismic isolators 22 with respect to part 21.
  • Seismic isolators 22 can be neoprene supports, sliding supports or any other system for isolating the structure from horizontal seismic vibrations from the ground.
  • This device applies in particular to bridges.
  • the device 1 comprises, in the same plane P 1 , a bar 2 linked by one of its ends 4 to a bending jig 3 defining a curved surface 5 on either side of said bar 2.
  • the jig 3 is bolted to one of the parts 21 of the structure.
  • the end 23 of the bar 2 which is not linked to the template 3 is of rounded shape, or provided with a joint, and is able to slide in a fixed slide 24 on the other part 20 of the structure.
  • a similar device can be positioned between the two parts 20, 21, in a plane P 2 orthogonal to the plane P 1 .
  • a holding element 13 having the shape of a rod, a flat or a stiffener can be positioned on the device 1 in order to limit the spillage of said device during deformation.
  • This holding element 13 is placed in a plane parallel to the plane P 1 and is fixed to the template 3, for example by welding. A portion of the surface of this element 13 is adjacent to the bar so as to prevent the bar from deforming outside the plane P 1 .
  • FIGS. 16 and 17 represent an engineering structure civilian comprising two parts 20, 21 capable of moving one by compared to the other under the effect of accidental stresses.
  • the plate 27 On the first part 21 is fixed a plate 27, substantially planar, by example by bolting.
  • the plate 27 comprises four slides 24 each comprising two projecting walls 28 substantially perpendicular to the plate 27 and parallel to each other.
  • the four slides 24 are located at the four corners of a rhombus.
  • the support device 30 may include fixing lugs 29 intended to receive means for fixing such as bolts.
  • the bearing device 30 is linked to the central part of a device 1 similar to that shown in Figures 7 or 13.
  • the device 1 rests freely on the plate 27 fixed to the first part 21, of such that the ends of each of the arms 19 and / or of the bars 2 which do not are not linked to the bending template 3 are each placed in a slide 24.

Abstract

Device (1) able to limit the amplitude of the relative movement of two elements of a civil engineering structure and for absorbing the deformation energy of this structure when the latter is subjected to an accidental stress. The device (1) includes: at least one portion able to undergo a plastic deformation at the time of the relative movement of the two elements of the structure, a guiding device for guiding the plastic deformation of the portion able to undergo a plastic deformation, the portion able to undergo a plastic deformation and the guiding device forming a single piece element.

Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif permettant de limiter l'amplitude du déplacement relatif de deux éléments d'une structure de génie civil ou d'un bâtiment et d'absorber l'énergie de déformation de cette structure lorsque celle-ci est soumise à une sollicitation accidentelle, telle qu'un séisme, un vent exceptionnel, une explosion, un choc...The invention relates to a device for limiting the amplitude of the relative displacement of two elements of a civil engineering structure or a building and absorb the deformation energy of this structure when it is subjected to an accidental stress, such as an earthquake, a wind exceptional, an explosion, a shock ...

L'invention se rapporte également à des structures de génie civil ou à des bâtiments comportant un tel dispositif.The invention also relates to civil engineering structures or buildings with such a device.

Le dispositif selon l'invention peut être mis en place dans la structure lors de la construction de celle-ci, ou à un stade ultérieur dans un but de renforcement de la structure.The device according to the invention can be put in place in the structure during the construction thereof, or at a later stage for the purpose of strengthening the structure.

On connaít déjà des dispositifs basés sur le même principe que celui de l'invention, à savoir la déformation plastique d'une barre guidée par son appui sur une surface courbe, ce qui garantit une plastification sur une grande longueur de la barre tout en contrôlant les déformations.We already know devices based on the same principle as that of the invention, namely the plastic deformation of a bar guided by its support on a curved surface, which guarantees plasticization over a large length of the bar while controlling the deformations.

De tels dispositifs sont notamment décrits dans le document FR 2 756 581 au nom de la demanderesse lequel représente l'état de la technique selon le préambule de la revendication 1 annexée.Such devices are described in particular in document FR 2 756 581 in name of the applicant which represents the state of the art according to the preamble of claim 1 appended.

Le but de l'invention est de proposer un perfectionnement aux dispositifs connus, de sorte à fournir un dispositif très simple à réaliser, pouvant être fabriqué en grande série.The object of the invention is to propose an improvement to the devices known, so as to provide a device which is very simple to make, which can be mass produced.

Outre la réduction substantielle des coûts de fabrication, un autre objectif de l'invention est de fournir un dispositif facile à mettre en oeuvre, y compris dans les structures existantes.In addition to the substantial reduction in manufacturing costs, another objective of the invention is to provide a device which is easy to implement, including in existing structures.

A cet effet, le dispositif selon l'invention comporte en outre :

  • au moins une partie apte à subir une déformation plastique lors du déplacement relatif des deux éléments de ladite structure,
  • des moyens de guidage de la déformation plastique de la partie apte à subir une déformation plastique,
ladite partie apte à subir une déformation plastique et lesdits moyens de guidage formant un élément monobloc.To this end, the device according to the invention further comprises:
  • at least one part capable of undergoing plastic deformation during the relative displacement of the two elements of said structure,
  • means for guiding the plastic deformation of the part capable of undergoing plastic deformation,
said part capable of undergoing plastic deformation and said guide means forming a one-piece element.

L'invention fournit donc un dispositif réalisé d'une seule pièce, ce qui résout le problème de positionnement des différentes pièces du dispositif les unes par rapport aux autres, et simplifie le procédé de fabrication.The invention therefore provides a device made in one piece, which solves the problem of positioning the different parts of the device together compared to others, and simplifies the manufacturing process.

De façon avantageuse, la partie apte à subir une déformation plastique comprend au moins une barre, de préférence de section rectangulaire, liée aux moyens de guidage de la déformation plastique au niveau d'une de ses extrémités, et les moyens de guidage de la déformation plastique comprennent au moins un gabarit de cintrage définissant au moins une surface courbe sur laquelle plie la partie apte à subir une déformation plastique lors de ladite déformation.Advantageously, the part capable of undergoing plastic deformation comprises at at least one bar, preferably of rectangular section, linked to the means of guiding the plastic deformation at one of its ends, and the means for guiding the plastic deformation comprise at least one bending template defining at least one curved surface on which the bend part capable of undergoing plastic deformation during said deformation.

Le dispositif peut comprendre plusieurs éléments monoblocs identiques superposés.The device can include several elements identical superimposed monoblocks.

Le dispositif peut également comprendre au moins un élément de maintien fixé à au moins un gabarit et ayant une portion de sa surface attenante à au moins une barre, ledit élément de maintien étant destiné à limiter le déversement du dispositif lors de la déformation dudit dispositif.The device can also include at least one fixed holding element at least one template and having a portion of its surface adjoining at least a bar, said holding element being intended to limit the spillage of the device during the deformation of said device.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, le dispositif comprend une pluralité de barres disposées sensiblement parallèlement les unes aux autres dans un même plan, entre deux droites sensiblement parallèles. Les extrémités de chacune des barres qui sont alignées sur une première droite sont liées à un premier gabarit de cintrage et les extrémités de chacune des barres qui sont alignées sur la deuxième droite sont liées à un deuxième gabarit de cintrage. Les deux gabarits sont situés dans ledit plan, sensiblement perpendiculairement auxdites barres, et définissent chacun une surface courbe de part et d'autre de chacune des barres.According to a first embodiment, the device comprises a plurality of bars arranged substantially parallel to each other others in the same plane, between two substantially parallel lines. The ends of each of the bars that are aligned on a first line are linked to a first bending jig and the ends of each of the bars which are aligned on the second line are linked to a second template of bending. The two templates are located in said plane, substantially perpendicular to said bars, and each define a curved surface on either side of each of the bars.

L'invention vise également une structure en portique définissant des mailles élémentaires sensiblement rectangulaires, et comprenant au moins un tel dispositif. Cette structure comporte quatre barreaux disposés en croix, chaque barreau étant fixé, à l'une de ses extrémités, à un angle de ladite maille, deux barreaux adjacents étant fixés, à l'autre de leurs extrémités, à un premier gabarit dudit dispositif, les deux autres barreaux étant fixés, à l'autre de leurs extrémités, au deuxième gabarit dudit dispositif.The invention also relates to a gantry structure defining meshes substantially rectangular elementaries, and comprising at least one such device. This structure has four bars arranged in a cross, each bar being fixed, at one of its ends, at an angle of said mesh, two adjacent bars being fixed, at the other of their ends, to a first template of said device, the other two bars being fixed to the other of their ends, to the second template of said device.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, le dispositif comprend :

  • quatre barres disposées en croix dans un même plan et sensiblement perpendiculairement les unes aux autres,
  • quatre gabarits de cintrage disposés en croix, dans ledit plan, de façon sensiblement symétrique, chacun des gabarits étant positionné entre deux barres, lesdits gabarits définissant chacun deux surfaces courbes,
de sorte qu'une surface courbe est disposée de part et d'autre de chacune des barres.According to a second embodiment, the device comprises:
  • four bars arranged crosswise in the same plane and substantially perpendicular to each other,
  • four bending jigs arranged in a cross, in said plane, in a substantially symmetrical manner, each of the jigs being positioned between two bars, said jigs each defining two curved surfaces,
so that a curved surface is arranged on either side of each of the bars.

L'invention se rapporte aussi à une structure en portique définissant des mailles élémentaires sensiblement rectangulaires, et comprenant au moins un tel dispositif. Cette structure comporte huit barreaux disposés de telle sorte que ;

  • à chaque angle de ladite maille sont fixés deux barreaux, par l'une de leurs extrémités,
  • deux barreaux fixés à deux angles adjacents sont liés, par leur autre extrémité, à une même barre dudit dispositif.
The invention also relates to a gantry structure defining elementary meshes which are substantially rectangular, and comprising at least one such device. This structure has eight bars arranged so that;
  • at each angle of said mesh are fixed two bars, by one of their ends,
  • two bars fixed at two adjacent angles are linked, by their other end, to the same bar of said device.

Selon un troisième mode de réalisation, le dispositif comprend une barre liée en chacune de ses extrémités à un gabarit de cintrage, chacun des gabarits définissant deux surfaces courbes disposées de part et d'autre de la barre.According to a third embodiment, the device comprises a bar linked at each of its ends to a bending template, each templates defining two curved surfaces arranged on either side of bar.

Ce dispositif est destiné à être placé dans une structure comportant des linteaux, et à être fixé sensiblement horizontalement sur ces linteaux.This device is intended to be placed in a structure comprising lintels, and to be fixed substantially horizontally on these lintels.

Selon un quatrième mode de réalisation, le dispositif comprend, dans un même plan :

  • deux barres alignées et liées l'une à l'autre par l'une de leurs extrémités,
  • deux bras disposés perpendiculairement aux barres au niveau de l'extrémité commune desdites barres, de sorte à former une croix,
  • deux gabarits de cintrage disposés de part et d'autre des deux barres, au niveau de l'extrémité commune desdites deux barres, chaque gabarit définissant une surface courbe pour chacune des deux barres.
According to a fourth embodiment, the device comprises, in the same plane:
  • two bars aligned and linked to each other by one of their ends,
  • two arms arranged perpendicular to the bars at the common end of said bars, so as to form a cross,
  • two bending jigs arranged on either side of the two bars, at the common end of said two bars, each jig defining a curved surface for each of the two bars.

L'invention vise également une structure en portique comprenant des poutres sensiblement horizontales et des poteaux sensiblement verticaux, et comprenant au moins un tel dispositif positionné au niveau de l'intersection entre poutres et poteaux, les barres du dispositif étant fixées sensiblement horizontalement sur les poutres et les bras étant fixés sensiblement verticalement sur les poteaux.The invention also relates to a gantry structure comprising beams substantially horizontal and substantially vertical posts, and comprising at least one such device positioned at the intersection between beams and columns, the bars of the device being fixed substantially horizontally on the beams and the arms being fixed substantially vertically on the posts.

Selon un cinquième mode de réalisation, l'extrémité de la barre qui n'est pas liée aux moyens de guidage est de forme arrondie ou est munie d'une articulation, le dispositif étant destiné à être placé dans une structure de génie civil comprenant au moins deux parties entre lesquelles sont placés des isolateurs sismiques. Selon ce mode de réalisation, les moyens de guidage sont fixés sur une première partie de ladite structure, et l'extrémité de la barre qui n'est pas liée aux moyens de guidage coulisse dans une glissière fixée sur une deuxième partie de ladite structure.According to a fifth embodiment, the end of the bar which is not linked to the guide means is rounded in shape or is provided with a articulation, the device being intended to be placed in an engineering structure civil comprising at least two parts between which are placed seismic isolators. According to this embodiment, the guide means are fixed on a first part of said structure, and the end of the bar which is not linked to the guide means slides in a slide fixed on a second part of said structure.

Enfin, l'invention concerne une structure de génie civil comprenant au moins deux parties et au moins un dispositif selon le deuxième ou le troisième mode de réalisation, le dit dispositif étant placé de telle sorte que la partie centrale du dispositif située vers l'extrémité commune des barres est liée à un appareil d'appui fixé à une partie de la dite structure, l'extrémité de chacun des bras et/ou des barres qui n'est pas liée aux moyens de guidage étant apte à coulisser dans une glissière fixée sur une autre partie de ladite structure.Finally, the invention relates to a civil engineering structure comprising at least two parts and at least one device according to the second or third mode of realization, the said device being placed so that the central part of the device located towards the common end of the bars is linked to a device support fixed to a part of said structure, the end of each of the arms and / or bars which is not linked to the guide means being able to slide in a slide fastened to another part of said structure.

D'autres objets et avantages de l'invention apparaítront lors de la description suivante de modes de réalisation, description qui va être faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en élévation d'un dispositif selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue agrandie d'un détail de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe d'une structure de génie civil comportant un dispositif selon l'invention selon un premier mode de réalisation ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue agrandie de la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue selon la coupe A-A du dispositif de la figure 4 ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe d'une structure de génie civil comportant un dispositif selon l'invention selon un deuxième mode de réalisation ;
  • la figure 7 est une vue agrandie de la figure 6 ;
  • la figure 8 est une vue selon la coupe B-B du dispositif de la figure 7 ;
  • la figure 9 est une représentation schématique de la structure de la figure 3 après déformation ;
  • la figure 10 est une vue en coupe d'une structure de génie civil comportant un dispositif selon l'invention selon un troisième mode de réalisation ;
  • la figure 11 est une vue en coupe partielle d'une structure de génie civil comportant un dispositif selon l'invention selon une variante du troisième mode de réalisation ;
  • la figure 12 est une représentation schématique en coupe de la structure de la figure 10 après déformation ;
  • la figure 13 est une vue de détail d'une structure de génie civil comportant un dispositif selon l'invention selon un quatrième mode de réalisation ;
  • la figure 14 est une vue en coupe d'une structure de génie civil comportant un dispositif selon l'invention selon un cinquième mode de réalisation ;
  • la figure 15 est une vue selon la coupe C-C de la structure de la figure 14 ;
  • la figure 16 est une vue en coupe d'une structure de génie civil comportant un dispositif similaire à celui représenté sur les figures 7 ou 13 ;
  • la figure 17 est une vue selon la coupe D-D de la structure de la figure 16.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear during the following description of embodiments, which description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings, among which:
  • Figure 1 is an elevational view of a device according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of a detail of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of a civil engineering structure comprising a device according to the invention according to a first embodiment;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a view along section AA of the device of Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a sectional view of a civil engineering structure comprising a device according to the invention according to a second embodiment;
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a view along section BB of the device of Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic representation of the structure of Figure 3 after deformation;
  • Figure 10 is a sectional view of a civil engineering structure comprising a device according to the invention according to a third embodiment;
  • Figure 11 is a partial sectional view of a civil engineering structure comprising a device according to the invention according to a variant of the third embodiment;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic sectional representation of the structure of Figure 10 after deformation;
  • Figure 13 is a detail view of a civil engineering structure comprising a device according to the invention according to a fourth embodiment;
  • Figure 14 is a sectional view of a civil engineering structure comprising a device according to the invention according to a fifth embodiment;
  • Figure 15 is a view along section CC of the structure of Figure 14;
  • Figure 16 is a sectional view of a civil engineering structure comprising a device similar to that shown in Figures 7 or 13;
  • FIG. 17 is a view along the section DD of the structure of FIG. 16.

On va tout d'abord décrire le principe général de l'invention, en référence à la figure 1, qui représente un dispositif selon l'invention.We will first describe the general principle of the invention, with reference to the Figure 1, which shows a device according to the invention.

Le dispositif 1 comprend une barre 2 ainsi qu'un gabarit de cintrage 3. The device 1 comprises a bar 2 as well as a bending jig 3.

La barre 2 est liée au gabarit 3 au niveau d'une de ses extrémités 4, l'ensemble barre 2 - gabarit 3 formant un élément monobloc.The bar 2 is linked to the template 3 at one of its ends 4, the assembly bar 2 - template 3 forming a one-piece element.

De préférence, cet élément monobloc est plan. Par la suite, on désignera par P1 le plan défini par cet élément, comme représenté sur la figure 1.Preferably, this one-piece element is planar. Thereafter, P 1 will denote the plane defined by this element, as shown in FIG. 1.

Le gabarit de cintrage 3 définit au moins une surface courbe 5 sur laquelle plie la barre 2 lors de sa déformation plastique.The bending template 3 defines at least one curved surface 5 on which bends bar 2 during its plastic deformation.

La figure 1 représente la position de la barre 2 au repos, en pointillés, ainsi que la position de cette barre 2 au cours de sa déformation, en traits pleins.FIG. 1 represents the position of the bar 2 at rest, in dotted lines, as well as the position of this bar 2 during its deformation, in solid lines.

La surface courbe 5 est tangente à la barre 2 au niveau de la ligne de contact 6 entre le gabarit 3 et l'extrémité 4 de la barre 2 liée au gabarit 3. La surface courbe 5 diverge par rapport à la barre 2 lorsque l'on s'éloigne de la ligne de contact 6, et la convexité de la surface courbe 5 est dirigée vers la barre 2.The curved surface 5 is tangent to the bar 2 at the contact line 6 between the template 3 and the end 4 of the bar 2 linked to the template 3. The surface curve 5 diverges from bar 2 when moving away from the line of contact 6, and the convexity of the curved surface 5 is directed towards the bar 2.

Selon une version préférée de l'invention, en un point quelconque Mi de la surface courbe 5 définie par le gabarit de cintrage 3, le rayon de courbure Ri de ladite surface courbe 5 est proportionnel à la largeur hi de la barre 2 mesurée au niveau d'un point de ladite barre 2 destiné à venir en contact avec ledit point Mi de la surface courbe 5 lors de la déformation plastique.According to a preferred version of the invention, at any point M i of the curved surface 5 defined by the bending template 3, the radius of curvature R i of said curved surface 5 is proportional to the width h i of the bar 2 measured at a point on said bar 2 intended to come into contact with said point M i of the curved surface 5 during plastic deformation.

Ainsi, pour des points M1 et M2 de la surface courbe 5 correspondant respectivement à des rayons de courbure R1 et R2 de la surface courbe 5 et, respectivement, à des largeurs h1 et h2 de la barre 2, on aura : R1 / h1 = R2 / h2   (voir figure 1). Thus, for points M 1 and M 2 of the curved surface 5 corresponding respectively to radii of curvature R 1 and R 2 of the curved surface 5 and, respectively, to widths h 1 and h 2 of the bar 2, we will have : R 1 / h 1 = R 2 / h 2 (see figure 1).

Cette configuration permet, en toute section transversale de la barre 2, de limiter les variations relatives de longueur des fibres extrêmes de la barre 2 à une valeur inférieure à la limite de rupture du métal. Dans le cas d'une barre 2 dont la largeur varie le long de la longueur, le gabarit 3 aura un rayon de courbure variable suivant le point Mi de la surface 5 considéré, ce rayon de courbure dépendant de la largeur correspondante de la barre 2. This configuration makes it possible, in any cross section of the bar 2, to limit the relative variations in length of the extreme fibers of the bar 2 to a value below the breaking limit of the metal. In the case of a bar 2 whose width varies along the length, the template 3 will have a variable radius of curvature according to the point M i of the surface 5 considered, this radius of curvature depending on the corresponding width of the bar 2.

De façon plus générale, le rapport Ri / hi peut être une fonction calibrée selon l'utilisation du dispositif.More generally, the ratio R i / h i can be a function calibrated according to the use of the device.

Dans une version préférée de l'invention, la barre 2 est de section transversale rectangulaire et présente un plan de symétrie P2 perpendiculaire au plan P1 et disposé selon la longueur de la barre 2.In a preferred version of the invention, the bar 2 is of rectangular cross section and has a plane of symmetry P 2 perpendicular to the plane P 1 and arranged along the length of the bar 2.

De préférence également, le gabarit 3 définit deux surfaces courbes 5, 5' disposées de part et d'autre de la barre 2 et symétriques par rapport au plan P2.Preferably also, the template 3 defines two curved surfaces 5, 5 'arranged on either side of the bar 2 and symmetrical with respect to the plane P 2 .

Pour les cas de service, c'est-à-dire pour des charges d'exploitation, dans des conditions de température et de vent normales, la barre 2 est conçue pour que ses déformations restent dans le domaine élastique, ses déplacements étant compatibles avec le fonctionnement des équipements et du second oeuvre, notamment les façades, les tuyauteries...For service cases, i.e. for operating costs, in normal temperature and wind conditions, bar 2 is designed so that its deformations remain in the elastic domain, its displacements being compatible with the operation of the equipment and the finishing work, including facades, piping ...

Le dispositif est de préférence formé d'acier, de fonte ductile, d'un alliage métallique, ou d'un composite à matrice métallique.The device is preferably made of steel, ductile iron, an alloy metallic, or a metallic matrix composite.

De préférence, le dispositif est réalisé par découpage d'une tôle métallique, au moyen d'un chalumeau oxycoupeur, par jet d'eau haute pression, rayon laser ou tout autre système donnant une précision de coupe équivalente. Il peut également être formé par moulage.Preferably, the device is produced by cutting a metal sheet, at by means of an oxycut torch, by high pressure water jet, laser beam or any other system giving equivalent cutting precision. he can also be formed by molding.

Dans certaines techniques de découpe, la largeur du sillon de découpe 7 peut s'avérer excessive vis-à-vis des dimensions générales du dispositif à réaliser, comme l'illustre la figure 2. Dans le cas d'une découpe au chalumeau par exemple, la largeur du sillon peut atteindre 4 mm.In certain cutting techniques, the width of the cutting groove 7 can be excessive with regard to the general dimensions of the device to be produced, as illustrated in figure 2. In the case of a torch cutting by example, the width of the groove can reach 4 mm.

Dans ce cas, la géométrie du gabarit 3 est rétablie par l'apport de cales 8 usinées et positionnées dans le sillon 7.In this case, the geometry of the template 3 is restored by the addition of shims 8 machined and positioned in the groove 7.

On va décrire à présent différents modes de réalisation de l'invention, en référence aux figures 3 à 15. We will now describe various embodiments of the invention, in reference to Figures 3 to 15.

Les premier et deuxième modes de réalisation, que l'on va décrire ci-après en se reportant aux figures 3 à 9, sont destinés à être mis en place dans des structures de génie civil en portique, c'est-à-dire des structures comprenant des poutres 10 sensiblement horizontales et des poteaux 11 sensiblement verticaux formant des mailles élémentaires sensiblement rectangulaires dans un plan sensiblement vertical.The first and second embodiments, which will be described below in referring to Figures 3 to 9, are intended to be implemented in gantry civil engineering structures, that is to say structures comprising substantially horizontal beams 10 and substantially vertical posts 11 forming elementary meshes substantially rectangular in a plane substantially vertical.

Les figures 3, 6 et 9 représentent de telles structures, dans lesquelles les poutres 10 soutiennent notamment les planchers 9.Figures 3, 6 and 9 show such structures, in which the beams 10 notably support the floors 9.

La figure 9 représente, en pointillés, la position des poutres 10 et poteaux 11 en situation normale ainsi que, en traits pleins, la position des poutres 10 et poteaux 11 suite à une sollicitation accidentelle.Figure 9 shows, in dotted lines, the position of the beams 10 and posts 11 in normal situation as well as, in solid lines, the position of the beams 10 and posts 11 following an accidental request.

Sous l'effet d'une sollicitation accidentelle, la structure se déforme en parallélogramme. Afin de limiter l'amplitude de cette déformation, l'invention propose de contrôler le raccourcissement et l'allongement des diagonales de la maille élémentaire.Under the effect of an accidental stress, the structure deforms into parallelogram. In order to limit the amplitude of this deformation, the invention proposes to control the shortening and lengthening of the diagonals of the elementary mesh.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, illustré sur les figures 3, 4 et 5, le dispositif 1 selon l'invention comprend une pluralité de barres 2 disposées sensiblement parallèlement les unes aux autres dans un même plan P1, parallèle au plan de coupe de la figure 3. Ces barres 2 ont des longueurs sensiblement identiques et sont situées, dans le plan P1, entre deux droites D1 et D2 sensiblement parallèles.According to a first embodiment, illustrated in Figures 3, 4 and 5, the device 1 according to the invention comprises a plurality of bars 2 arranged substantially parallel to each other in the same plane P 1 , parallel to the cutting plane of Figure 3. These bars 2 have substantially identical lengths and are located in the plane P 1 , between two lines D 1 and D 2 substantially parallel.

Dans la suite de la description, on se placera dans le cas où les droites D1 et D2 sont sensiblement horizontales, comme représenté sur les figures 3 et 4. Cependant, il est également possible que les droites D1 et D2 soient sensiblement verticales, le dispositif 1 étant alors identique à celui qui va être décrit, mais ayant subi une rotation de 90° par rapport à la représentation des figures 3 et 4. In the following description, we will consider the case where the lines D 1 and D 2 are substantially horizontal, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. However, it is also possible that the lines D 1 and D 2 are substantially vertical, the device 1 then being identical to that which will be described, but having undergone a rotation of 90 ° relative to the representation of FIGS. 3 and 4.

Les extrémités de chacune des barres 2 qui sont alignées sur la droite D1 sont liées à un premier gabarit de cintrage 3, et les extrémités de chacune des barres 2 qui sont alignées sur la droite D2 sont liées à un deuxième gabarit de cintrage 3'.The ends of each of the bars 2 which are aligned on the right D 1 are linked to a first bending jig 3, and the ends of each of the bars 2 which are aligned on the right D 2 are linked to a second bending jig 3 .

Les deux gabarits 3, 3' sont situés dans le plan P1, sensiblement perpendiculairement aux barres 2.The two templates 3, 3 ′ are located in the plane P 1 , substantially perpendicular to the bars 2.

Chacun des deux gabarits 3, 3' définit une surface courbe 5 de part et d'autre de chacune des barres 2. De préférence, les deux gabarits sont de formes identiques.Each of the two templates 3, 3 'defines a curved surface 5 on either side of each of the bars 2. Preferably, the two templates are of shapes identical.

Le dispositif 1 est lié à la structure en portique par l'intermédiaire de quatre barreaux métalliques 12 disposés en croix. Chaque barreau 12 est fixé, à l'une de ses extrémités, à un angle de la maille rectangulaire formée par les poteaux 11 et les poutres 10.Device 1 is linked to the portal structure by means of four metal bars 12 arranged in a cross. Each bar 12 is fixed to one from its ends, at an angle to the rectangular mesh formed by the posts 11 and beams 10.

Dans le cas représenté sur les figures 3 et 4, où les droites D1 et D2 sont sensiblement horizontales, les deux barreaux 12 fixés aux angles supérieurs de la maille sont liés, à leur autre extrémité, au premier gabarit 3, tandis que les deux barreaux 12 fixés aux angles inférieurs de la maille sont liés, à leur autre extrémité, au deuxième gabarit 3'.In the case shown in Figures 3 and 4, where the lines D 1 and D 2 are substantially horizontal, the two bars 12 fixed to the upper corners of the mesh are linked, at their other end, to the first template 3, while the two bars 12 fixed to the lower corners of the mesh are linked, at their other end, to the second template 3 '.

Dans le cas, non représenté, où les droites D1 et D2 sont verticales, les barreaux 12 fixés à des angles situés sur un même côté vertical de la maille élémentaire sont fixés à un même gabarit.In the case, not shown, where the lines D 1 and D 2 are vertical, the bars 12 fixed at angles located on the same vertical side of the elementary mesh are fixed to the same template.

Lors d'une sollicitation accidentelle de la structure, comme représenté sur la figure 9, les barreaux 12 situés sur une première diagonale de la maille vont jouer le rôle de tirants et s'allonger, tandis que les barreau 12 situés sur la deuxième diagonale vont se comprimer.During an accidental stress on the structure, as shown in the Figure 9, the bars 12 located on a first diagonal of the mesh will play the role of tie rods and lie down, while the bars 12 located on the second diagonal will compress.

Le dispositif 1 se déforme alors en parallélogramme, les barres 2 pliant sur les surfaces courbes 5 définies par les gabarits 3, 3'. The device 1 then deforms into a parallelogram, the bars 2 folding on the curved surfaces 5 defined by the templates 3, 3 '.

Lors d'une sollicitation ultérieure, il est possible que la déformation se fasse dans une direction opposée, les barreaux qui s'allongeaient précédemment se trouvant comprimés, et réciproquement.During a subsequent stress, it is possible that the deformation will occur in an opposite direction, the bars which were lengthening previously finding tablets, and vice versa.

Le dispositif 1 peut comporter des éléments de maintien 13 destinés à limiter le déversement dudit dispositif 1 lors de sa déformation. De préférence, le dispositif 1 comporte quatre éléments de maintien 13 en forme de tige, de plats, ou de raidisseurs soudés sur les gabarits 3, 3' dudit dispositif 1. Ces quatre éléments 13 sont placés parallèlement aux droites D1 et D2, deux éléments de maintien 13 étant soudés sur chaque gabarit 3, de part et d'autre dudit gabarit par rapport au plan P1, comme illustré sur les figures 4 et 5. Les éléments de maintien 13 se trouvent donc attenants aux barres 2, ce qui limite le déversement du dispositif 1 lors de sa déformation.The device 1 may include holding elements 13 intended to limit the spillage of said device 1 during its deformation. Preferably, the device 1 comprises four holding elements 13 in the form of rods, plates, or stiffeners welded to the jigs 3, 3 ′ of said device 1. These four elements 13 are placed parallel to the straight lines D 1 and D 2 , two retaining elements 13 being welded to each template 3, on either side of said template relative to the plane P 1 , as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5. The retaining elements 13 are therefore attached to the bars 2, this which limits the spillage of the device 1 during its deformation.

Dans une version préférée de l'invention, les barreaux 12 sont articulés au niveau de leur liaison avec les gabarits 3, 3' du dispositif 1.In a preferred version of the invention, the bars 12 are articulated to the level of their connection with the templates 3, 3 'of the device 1.

Dans une même structure de génie civil, on utilisera, en général, plusieurs dispositifs en fonction de l'effet recherché.In the same civil engineering structure, we will generally use several devices depending on the desired effect.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, illustré sur les figures 6, 7 et 8, le dispositif 1 selon l'invention comprend deux éléments monobloc 14 de formes identiques superposés.According to a second embodiment, illustrated in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, the device 1 according to the invention comprises two monobloc elements 14 of shapes identical overlapping.

Chaque élément monobloc 14 comprend quatre barres 2 disposées en croix dans un même plan P1 parallèle au plan de coupe de la figure 6, lesdites barres étant sensiblement perpendiculaires les unes aux autres.Each one-piece element 14 comprises four bars 2 arranged crosswise in the same plane P 1 parallel to the section plane of FIG. 6, said bars being substantially perpendicular to each other.

Chaque élément 14 comprend aussi quatre gabarits de cintrage 3 disposés en croix dans le plan P1, de façon sensiblement symétrique, chacun des gabarits 3 étant positionné entre deux barres 2.Each element 14 also comprises four bending jigs 3 arranged in a cross in the plane P 1 , in a substantially symmetrical manner, each of the jigs 3 being positioned between two bars 2.

Chaque gabarit 3 définit deux surfaces courbes 5, 5', de sorte qu'une surface courbe est disposée de part et d'autre de chacune des barres. Each template 3 defines two curved surfaces 5, 5 ', so that a surface curve is arranged on either side of each of the bars.

Entre les deux éléments 14 sont placées cinq rondelles 15, quatre d'entre elles étant situées aux extrémités des barres 2 non liées aux gabarits 3, la cinquième rondelle 15 étant située au centre du dispositif 1. Les rondelles 15 sont maintenues solidaires des éléments 14 par des éléments de fixation du type vis - écrou. Ceci permet de maintenir un écartement constant entre les deux éléments monobloc 14, d'éviter le déversement du dispositif 1 lors de sa déformation, et de faciliter la liaison du dispositif 1 à la maille élémentaire de la structure en portique.Between the two elements 14 are placed five washers 15, four of them being located at the ends of the bars 2 not linked to the jigs 3, the fifth washer 15 being located in the center of the device 1. The washers 15 are held integral with the elements 14 by fastening elements of the type screw nut. This allows to maintain a constant spacing between the two monobloc elements 14, to avoid the spillage of the device 1 during its deformation, and to facilitate the connection of the device 1 to the elementary mesh of the gantry structure.

De façon analogue, le dispositif selon le premier mode de réalisation décrit précédemment peut comporter deux éléments monobloc identiques superposés au lieu d'un seul élément monobloc muni d'éléments de maintien 13 limitant le déversement.Similarly, the device according to the first embodiment described previously may have two identical one-piece elements superimposed instead of a single monobloc element provided with retaining elements 13 limiting the spill.

Le dispositif 1 selon ce deuxième mode de réalisation est lié à la structure en portique par l'intermédiaire de huit barreaux métalliques 16.The device 1 according to this second embodiment is linked to the structure in gantry via eight metal bars 16.

Au niveau de chaque angle de la maille rectangulaire formée par les poteaux 11 et les poutres 10 sont fixés deux barreaux 16 par l'une de leurs extrémités. Deux barreaux 16 fixés à des angles adjacents de ladite maille sont liés, par leur autre extrémité, à deux barres 2 superposées du dispositif 1. Cette liaison entre les barreaux 16 et les barres 2 peut être articulée.At each corner of the rectangular mesh formed by the posts 11 and the beams 10 are fixed two bars 16 by one of their ends. Two bars 16 fixed to adjacent angles of said mesh are linked, by their other end, with two superimposed bars 2 of the device 1. This connection between the bars 16 and the bars 2 can be articulated.

Lors d'une sollicitation accidentelle de la structure, les barreaux 16 situés sur une première diagonale de la maille vont jouer le rôle de tirants et s'allonger, tandis que les barreau 16 situés sur la deuxième diagonale vont se comprimer.During an accidental stress on the structure, the bars 16 located on a first diagonal of the mesh will play the role of tie rods and lengthen, while the bars 16 located on the second diagonal will compress.

Sous l'effet des contraintes exercées sur les barreaux 16, les barres 2 du dispositif 1 vont se déformer plastiquement en pliant sur les surfaces courbes 5 correspondantes des gabarits 3, lesdits gabarits travaillant dans le domaine élastique.Under the effect of the stresses exerted on the bars 16, the bars 2 of the device 1 will deform plastically by bending on curved surfaces 5 corresponding templates 3, said templates working in the field elastic.

On va décrire à présent un troisième mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention, en référence aux figures 10 à 12. We will now describe a third embodiment of the device according to the invention, with reference to Figures 10 to 12.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, le dispositif 1 comprend une barre 2 liée en chacune de ses extrémités 4 à un gabarit de cintrage 3, chacun des gabarits 3 définissant deux surfaces courbes 5 disposées de part et d'autre de la barre 2.In this embodiment, the device 1 comprises a bar 2 linked at each of its ends 4 to a bending template 3, each of the templates 3 defining two curved surfaces 5 arranged on either side of the bar 2.

Ce dispositif 1 est destiné à être fixé sensiblement horizontalement sur les linteaux 17 d'une structure de génie civil, au-dessus d'une ouverture 18.This device 1 is intended to be fixed substantially horizontally on the lintels 17 of a civil engineering structure, above an opening 18.

Le dispositif 1 peut être boulonné sur les faces des murs de ladite structure, comme illustré sur la figure 10. Le dispositif est alors utilisé pour la réparation ou le renforcement de linteaux.The device 1 can be bolted to the faces of the walls of said structure, as illustrated in figure 10. The device is then used for repair or strengthening the lintels.

Dans le cas d'une construction neuve le plus souvent, le dispositif 1 peut également être incorporé dans le béton armé composant les murs, comme illustré sur la figure 11. Dans ce dernier cas, l'ancrage du dispositif 1 est assuré par son soudage sur les armatures 25 du béton armé.In the case of a new construction most often, the device 1 can also be incorporated into the reinforced concrete composing the walls, as illustrated in FIG. 11. In the latter case, the anchoring of the device 1 is ensured by its welding on the reinforcements 25 of the reinforced concrete.

La figure 12 représente la déformation d'une structure de génie civil comprenant des murs et des linteaux, et comportant un dispositif 1 selon le troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention.FIG. 12 represents the deformation of a civil engineering structure comprising walls and lintels, and comprising a device 1 according to the third mode for carrying out the invention.

Du fait de la sollicitation accidentelle de la structure, il y a translation des murs situés de part et d'autre des ouvertures 18 l'un par rapport à l'autre. Par conséquent, les linteaux 17 se déforment en forme de S, ainsi que la barre 2 du dispositif 1. Cependant, les parties extrêmes 26 des gabarits 3 opposées à la barre 2 ne subissent pas de rotation par rapport aux montants initialement verticaux des ouvertures 18, et restent orthogonaux à ces montants.Due to the accidental stress on the structure, there is a translation of the walls located on either side of the openings 18 relative to each other. Through Consequently, the lintels 17 deform in an S shape, as does the bar 2 of the device 1. However, the end portions 26 of the templates 3 opposite the bar 2 do not undergo rotation relative to the amounts initially vertical openings 18, and remain orthogonal to these amounts.

La figure 13 représente un quatrième mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention.FIG. 13 represents a fourth embodiment of the device according to the invention.

Le dispositif 1 comprend, dans un même plan P1 :

  • deux barres 2 alignées et liées l'une à l'autre par l'une de leurs extrémités 4,
  • deux bras 19 disposés perpendiculairement aux barres 2 au niveau de l'extrémité commune 4 desdites barres 2, de sorte à former une croix,
  • deux gabarits de cintrage 3 disposés de part et d'autre des deux barres 2, au niveau de l'extrémité commune 4 desdites deux barres 2, chaque gabarit 3 définissant une surface courbe 5 pour chacune des deux barres 2.
The device 1 comprises, in the same plane P 1 :
  • two bars 2 aligned and linked to one another by one of their ends 4,
  • two arms 19 arranged perpendicularly to the bars 2 at the common end 4 of said bars 2, so as to form a cross,
  • two bending jigs 3 arranged on either side of the two bars 2, at the common end 4 of said two bars 2, each jig 3 defining a curved surface 5 for each of the two bars 2.

Ce dispositif 1 est destiné à être placé dans une structure à portique, telle que décrite précédemment. Ledit dispositif 1 est placé à une intersection entre les poutres 10 et les poteaux 11, les barres 2 étant fixés sensiblement horizontalement sur les poutres 10 et les bras 19 étant fixés sensiblement verticalement sur les poteaux 11.This device 1 is intended to be placed in a gantry structure, such as previously described. Said device 1 is placed at an intersection between the beams 10 and posts 11, the bars 2 being fixed substantially horizontally on the beams 10 and the arms 19 being fixed substantially vertically on the posts 11.

Lors de la déformation de la structure (voir figure 9), la maille élémentaire se déforme en parallélogramme, ce qui entraíne la plastification des barres 2, guidée par les surfaces courbes 5 des gabarits 3, les bras 19 travaillant dans le domaine élastique.During the deformation of the structure (see figure 9), the elementary mesh deforms into a parallelogram, which leads to the plasticization of the bars 2, guided by the curved surfaces 5 of the templates 3, the arms 19 working in the elastic domain.

Un cinquième mode de réalisation de l'invention va maintenant être décrit, en se référant aux figures 14 et 15.A fifth embodiment of the invention will now be described, with reference to referring to Figures 14 and 15.

Ce dispositif s'applique en particulier aux structures de génie civil comprenant au moins deux parties 20, 21, une partie 20 de ladite structure étant placée sur des isolateurs sismiques 22 par rapport à la partie 21. Les isolateurs sismiques 22 peuvent être des appuis néoprène, des appuis glissants ou tout autre système destiné à isoler la structure de vibrations sismiques horizontales du sol.This device applies in particular to civil engineering structures comprising at least two parts 20, 21, a part 20 of said structure being placed on seismic isolators 22 with respect to part 21. Seismic isolators 22 can be neoprene supports, sliding supports or any other system for isolating the structure from horizontal seismic vibrations from the ground.

Ce dispositif s'applique en particulier aux ponts.This device applies in particular to bridges.

Le dispositif 1 comprend, dans un même plan P1, une barre 2 liée par l'une de ses extrémités 4 à un gabarit de cintrage 3 définissant une surface courbe 5 de part et d'autre de ladite barre 2. Le gabarit 3 est boulonné sur l'une des parties 21 de la structure.The device 1 comprises, in the same plane P 1 , a bar 2 linked by one of its ends 4 to a bending jig 3 defining a curved surface 5 on either side of said bar 2. The jig 3 is bolted to one of the parts 21 of the structure.

L'extrémité 23 de la barre 2 qui n'est pas liée au gabarit 3 est de forme arrondie, ou munie d'une articulation, et est apte à coulisser dans une glissière 24 fixée sur l'autre partie 20 de la structure. The end 23 of the bar 2 which is not linked to the template 3 is of rounded shape, or provided with a joint, and is able to slide in a fixed slide 24 on the other part 20 of the structure.

Un dispositif semblable peut être positionné entre les deux parties 20, 21, dans un plan P2 orthogonal au plan P1.A similar device can be positioned between the two parts 20, 21, in a plane P 2 orthogonal to the plane P 1 .

Ainsi, lors d'une sollicitation de la structure, les pièces 20 et 21 se déplacent en translation l'une par rapport à l'autre, l'amplitude de ce déplacement étant limitée par les deux dispositifs grâce à la déformation plastique des barres 2 guidée dans les gabarits 3.Thus, when the structure is stressed, the parts 20 and 21 move in translation relative to each other, the amplitude of this displacement being limited by the two devices thanks to the plastic deformation of the bars 2 guided in the templates 3.

Comme précédemment, un élément de maintien 13 ayant la forme d'une tige, d'un plat ou d'un raidisseur peut être positionné sur le dispositif 1 afin de limiter le déversement dudit dispositif lors de la déformation.As before, a holding element 13 having the shape of a rod, a flat or a stiffener can be positioned on the device 1 in order to limit the spillage of said device during deformation.

Cet élément de maintien 13 est placé dans un plan parallèle au plan P1 et est fixé au gabarit 3, par exemple par soudure. Une portion de la surface de cet élément 13 est attenante à la barre de sorte à éviter que la barre ne se déforme en dehors du plan P1.This holding element 13 is placed in a plane parallel to the plane P 1 and is fixed to the template 3, for example by welding. A portion of the surface of this element 13 is adjacent to the bar so as to prevent the bar from deforming outside the plane P 1 .

Enfin, on se réfère aux figures 16 et 17 qui représentent une structure de génie civil comprenant deux parties 20, 21 susceptibles de se déplacer l'une par rapport à l'autre sous l'effet de sollicitations accidentelles.Finally, reference is made to FIGS. 16 and 17 which represent an engineering structure civilian comprising two parts 20, 21 capable of moving one by compared to the other under the effect of accidental stresses.

Sur la première partie 21 est fixée une plaque 27, sensiblement plane, par exemple par boulonnage. Dans le cas d'un appareil bidirectionnel, la plaque 27 comporte quatre glissières 24 comprenant chacune deux parois 28 saillant sensiblement perpendiculairement de la plaque 27 et parallèles entre elles. Les quatre glissières 24 sont situées aux quatre coin d'un losange.On the first part 21 is fixed a plate 27, substantially planar, by example by bolting. In the case of a bidirectional device, the plate 27 comprises four slides 24 each comprising two projecting walls 28 substantially perpendicular to the plate 27 and parallel to each other. The four slides 24 are located at the four corners of a rhombus.

Sur la deuxième partie 20, au droit de la plaque 27, est fixé un appareil d'appui 30, de type appui Néoprène ou appui à pot. A cet effet, l'appareil d'appui 30 peut comporter des pattes de fixation 29 destinées à recevoir des moyens de fixation tels que des boulons.On the second part 20, to the right of the plate 27, is fixed an apparatus support 30, Neoprene support type or pot support. To this end, the support device 30 may include fixing lugs 29 intended to receive means for fixing such as bolts.

L'appareil d'appui 30 est lié à la partie centrale d'un dispositif 1 similaire à celui représenté sur les figures 7 ou 13. The bearing device 30 is linked to the central part of a device 1 similar to that shown in Figures 7 or 13.

Le dispositif 1 repose librement sur la plaque 27 fixée à la première partie 21, de telle sorte que les extrémités de chacun des bras 19 et/ou des barres 2 qui ne sont pas liées au gabarit de cintrage 3 soient placées chacune dans une glissière 24.The device 1 rests freely on the plate 27 fixed to the first part 21, of such that the ends of each of the arms 19 and / or of the bars 2 which do not are not linked to the bending template 3 are each placed in a slide 24.

Ainsi, sous l'effet d'une sollicitation conduisant au déplacement relatif des deux parties 20, 21 l'une par rapport à l'autre, les bras 19 et/ou barres 2 se déforment en prenant appui sur les gabarits 3 et en coulissant dans les glissières 24.Thus, under the effect of a stress leading to the relative displacement of the two parts 20, 21 relative to each other, the arms 19 and / or bars 2 are deformed by resting on the templates 3 and sliding in the slides 24.

Claims (20)

  1. Device (1) for limiting the amplitude of the relative movement of two elements of a civil engineering structure and absorbing the deformation energy of said structure when the latter is subjected to an accidental stress, said device (1) including :
    at least one portion able to undergo a plastic warping during the relative movement of the two elements of said structure,
    means for guiding the plastic deformation of the portion able to undergo a plastic deformation,
    said device (1 ) being characterised in that said portion able to undergo a plastic deformation and said guiding means form a single piece element.
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the portion able to undergo a plastic deformation includes at least one bar (2) linked to the means for guiding plastic deformation at the level of one of its extremities (4), and in that the plastic deformation guiding means include at least one curving template (3) defining at least one curved surface (5) on which the portion undergoing a plastic deformation folds during said deformation.
  3. Device according to claim 2, characterised in that at the level of the contact line (6) between the template (3) and the extremity (4) of the bar (2) linked to the guiding means, the curved surface (5) is tangent to said bar (2), the curved surface (5) diverging with respect to the bar (2) when seen from the contact line (6), the convexity of the curved surface (5) being directed towards the bar (2).
  4. Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the bar (2) has a rectangular cross section and in that at any point of the curved surface (5) defined by the curving template (3), the radius of curvature of said curved surface (5) is proportional to the width of the bar (2) measured at the level of a point of said bar (2) intended to come into contact with said point of the curved surface (5) at the time of plastic deformation.
  5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the plastic deformation guiding means define at least two curved surfaces (5, 5') placed on both sides of the bar (2) and symmetrical with respect to a median plane (P2) of said bar (2).
  6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it is formed in a material selected from the group including steels, metal alloys and metal die composites.
  7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that it is formed by the cutting of a metal plate.
  8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that it includes several identical superimposed single piece elements (14).
  9. Device according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterised in that it includes at least one support element (13) fixed to at least one template and having one portion of its surface adjacent to at least one bar (2), said support element (13) being used to limit the tilting of the device (1 ) when the latter is warped.
  10. Device according to one claims 2 to 9, characterised in that it includes a bar (2) linked at each of its extremities (4) to a curving template (3), each of the templates (3) defining two curved surfaces (5) placed on both sides of the bar (2).
  11. Device according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterised in that it includes a plurality of bars (2) placed approximately parallel to one another inside a given plane (P1) between two approximately parallel straight lines (D1, D2), the extremities of each of the bars (2), which are aligned on a first straight line (D1), being linked to a first curving template (3) and the extremities of the bars (2), which are aligned on the second straight line (D2), being linked to a second curving template (3'), the two templates (3, 3') being situated inside said plane (P1) approximately perpendicular to said bars (2) and each defining a curved surface (5) on both sides of each of the bars (2).
  12. Device according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterised in that it includes :
    four bars (2) disposed crosswise inside a given plane (P1) and approximately perpendicular to one another,
    four curving templates (3) disposed crosswise in said plane (P1) approximately symmetrically, each of the templates (3) being positioned between two bars (2), said templates (3) each defining two curved surfaces (5, 5')
    so that one curved surface (5) is placed on both sides of each of the bars (2).
  13. Device according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterised in that it includes in a given plane (P1) :
    two aligned bars (2) linked to each other by one of their extremities (4),
    two arms (19) placed perpendicular to the bars (2) at the level of the common extremity (4) of said bars (2) so as to form a cross,
    two curving templates (3) placed on both sides of the two bars (2) at the level of the common extremity (4) of said two bars (2), each template (3) defining one curved surface (5) for each of the two bars (2).
  14. Device according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterised in that the extremity (23) of the bar (4) not linked to the guiding means is round or is fitted with a joint.
  15. Civil engineering structure including lintels (17) and comprising a device (1) according to claim 10, characterised in that said device (1 ) is positioned and fixed approximately horizontally on the lintels (17).
  16. Civil engineering portico structure including approximately horizontal girders (10) and approximately vertical poles (11) forming approximately rectangular elementary meshes, said structure including at least one device (1 ) according to claim 11, characterised in that the structure comprises four bars (12) disposed crosswise, each bar (12) being fixed at one of its extremities to an angle of said mesh, two adjacent bars (12) being fixed at the other of their extremities to a first template (3) of said device (1 ), the other two bars (12) being fixed at the other of their extremities to the second template (3') of said device (1 ).
  17. Civil engineering portico structure including approximately horizontal girders (10) and approximately vertical poles (11) forming approximately rectangular elementary meshes, said structure including at least one device (1 ) according to claim 12, characterised in that it comprises eight bars (16) placed so that:
    at the level of each angle of said mesh two bars (16) are fixed by one of their extremities,
    two bars (16) fixed at two adjacent angles are linked via their other extremity to a given bar (2) of said device (1 ).
  18. Civil engineering portico structure including approximately horizontal girders (10) and approximately vertical poles (11) forming approximately rectangular elementary meshes, said structure including at least one device (1) according to claim 13, characterised in that the device (1 ) is positioned at the level of the intersection between the girders (10) and poles (11), the bars (2) of the device (1) being fixed approximately horizontally on the girders (10) and the arms (19) approximately vertically on the poles (11 ).
  19. Civil engineering structure including at least two portions (20, 21) between which seismic isolators (22) are placed and including at least one device (1 ) according to claim 14, characterised in that the guiding means are secured to a first portion (21) of said structure and in that the extremity (23) of the bar (2) not linked to said guiding means is able to slide in a slide (24) secured to a second portion (20) of said structure.
  20. Civil engineering structure including at least two portions (20, 21) and at least one device (1 ) according to claim 12 or 13, characterised in that the central portion of the device (1) situated towards the common extremity of the bars (2) is linked to a support device (30) fixed to one portion (20) of said structure and in that the extremity of each of the arms (19) and/or bars (2) not linked to the guiding means is able to slide in a slide (24) secured to another portion (21) of said structure.
EP01400242A 2000-02-09 2001-01-31 Device for limiting the relative displacement of two elements of a civil engineering structure and structure with such a device Expired - Lifetime EP1124028B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0001597 2000-02-09
FR0001597A FR2804709B1 (en) 2000-02-09 2000-02-09 DEVICE FOR LIMITING THE RELATIVE MOVEMENT OF TWO ELEMENTS OF A CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURE AND STRUCTURE COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1124028A1 EP1124028A1 (en) 2001-08-16
EP1124028B1 true EP1124028B1 (en) 2003-12-10

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EP01400242A Expired - Lifetime EP1124028B1 (en) 2000-02-09 2001-01-31 Device for limiting the relative displacement of two elements of a civil engineering structure and structure with such a device

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US6651395B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1124028B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2001288925A (en)
AT (1) ATE256234T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60101395D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2804709B1 (en)
PT (1) PT1124028E (en)

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US8099914B2 (en) * 2006-10-30 2012-01-24 The University Of Utah Research Foundation Perforated plate seismic damper
US8037647B2 (en) * 2006-10-30 2011-10-18 University Of Utah Research Foundation Perforated plate seismic damper
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2804709B1 (en) 2002-04-19
DE60101395D1 (en) 2004-01-22
EP1124028A1 (en) 2001-08-16
PT1124028E (en) 2004-04-30
US20020011037A1 (en) 2002-01-31
ATE256234T1 (en) 2003-12-15
FR2804709A1 (en) 2001-08-10
JP2001288925A (en) 2001-10-19
US6651395B2 (en) 2003-11-25

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