EP1115574A1 - Method of adhering ceramic foams - Google Patents
Method of adhering ceramic foamsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1115574A1 EP1115574A1 EP99944984A EP99944984A EP1115574A1 EP 1115574 A1 EP1115574 A1 EP 1115574A1 EP 99944984 A EP99944984 A EP 99944984A EP 99944984 A EP99944984 A EP 99944984A EP 1115574 A1 EP1115574 A1 EP 1115574A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- resin
- reinforcement fibers
- bonding layer
- foams
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/008—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of an organic adhesive, e.g. phenol resin or pitch
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
- C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
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- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/5603—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides with a well-defined oxygen content, e.g. oxycarbides
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Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to ceramic foam materials, and more particularly to a method of adhering and/or repairing ceramic foam materials using a fiber reinforced pre-ceramic resin.
- Ceramic foam materials are known in the art.
- Ceramic foams may be formed of a variety compositional materials and include, but are not limited to, silicon carbide (SiC) , boron carbide (B 4 C) , hafnium carbide
- HfC tantalum carbide
- TaC tantalum carbide
- ZrO_ zirconia
- alumina Al 2 0 3 ) , hafnium dioxide (Hf0 2 ) , magnesium oxide ( gO) , silicon dioxide (Si0 2 ) , yttria (Y 2 0 3 ) , silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) , aluminum nitride (AlN) , boron nitride (BN) , hafnium nitride (HfN) , titanium boride (TiB 2 ) , cordierite (MgO-Al 2 0 3 -SiO 2 ) , and mullite (3Al 2 0 3 -2Si0 2 ) .
- Ceramic foam is chemically vapor deposited silicon carbide (CVD-SiC) foam which is used as bulk structural material .
- CVD-SiC chemically vapor deposited silicon carbide
- foam has applications for internal reinforcement of high temperature structures, such as ceramic composite trailing edges of aerodynamic surfaces.
- Other applications of ceramic foams include heat exchangers, engine components, aerospace structures, baffles, diesel exhaust filters, particulate filters, catalyst supports, radomes, re-entry shields, heating elements, noise suppressors, bearings, solar collectors, thermal regenerators, mirror supports, brake pads, and kiln furniture .
- a method for adhering a first ceramic foam to a second ceramic foam begins with impregnating a liquid resin with reinforcement fibers to form a liquid reinforced bonding resin.
- the liquid reinforced bonding resin is then applied to at least one of the ceramic foams.
- the foams are joined to each other with the liquid reinforced bonding resin disposed therebetween.
- the liquid reinforced bonding resin is cured to form a solid reinforced bonding resin.
- the solid reinforced bonding resin is pyrolyzed for adhering the first and second ceramic foams to form a ceramic bonding layer.
- the ceramic bonding layer is characterized by a porous ceramic matrix with reinforcement fibers disposed therein. It is contemplated that the ceramic matrix bonds the first and second ceramic foams while the reinforcement fibers structurally support the ceramic matrix disposed within the bonding layer.
- the reinforcement fibers are formed of a ceramic material which may generally match the chemical composition of the foams and may be formed of silicon carbide whiskers, for example.
- the liquid reinforced bonding resin is substantially monomeric and when cured becomes a polymeric material.
- the pyrolysis process may be effectuated in a substantially inert atmosphere to prevent undesirable oxidation.
- the ceramic bonding layer may be further characterized by chemical bonds formed between the porous ceramic matrix and at least one of the first and second ceramic foams during pyrolysis . In this respect, a transition material is created which is compositionally a combination of the ceramic matrix and the adjacent foam.
- the bonding layer may be densified subsequent to the initial pyrolysis procedure.
- a method for repairing a damaged ceramic foam as facilitated by the creation of a bonding layer as described above is provided.
- the present invention utilizes simple commercially available component materials, i.e., the liquid resin and reinforcement fibers, to bond the foams together.
- component materials i.e., the liquid resin and reinforcement fibers
- the general process steps of curing and pyrolysis are well known in the art.
- the present invention incorporates a simple two component bonding adhesive which is cured and pyrolyzed to create a chemical/mechanical bond between two ceramic foams.
- the present invention represents a significant advance in the art.
- Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method adhering ceramic foams of the present invention
- Figure 2 is a flow chart of the method repairing ceramic foams of another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
- FIG. 1 illustrate flowchart of steps in accordance with the method of the present invention.
- a ceramic refers or relates to materials which have as their essential component, and are composed in large part of, inorganic nonmetallic materials. Ceramics include not only materials such as pottery, porcelain, refractories, structural clay products, abrasives, porcelain enamels, cements, and glass but also though not limited to nonmetallic magnetic materials, ferroelectrics, manufactured single crystals, and glass-ceramics. It is contemplated that the ceramic foams may be of any number of compositions which are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
- Ceramic foams may be formed of a variety compositional materials and include, but are not limited to, silicon carbide (SiC) , boron carbide (B,C) , hafnium carbide (HfC) , tantalum carbide (TaC) , zirconia (Zr0 2 ) , alumina (Al 2 0 3 ) , hafnium dioxide (HfO ) , magnesium oxide (MgO) , silicon dioxide (Si0 2 ) , yttria (Y 2 0 3 ) / silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) , aluminum nitride (A1N) , boron nitride (BN) , hafnium nitride (HfN) , titanium boride (TiB 2 ) , cordierite (MgO-Al 2 0 3 -Si0 2 ) , and mullite (3Al 2 0 3 - 2S
- the method begins with impregnating a liquid resin with reinforcement fibers to form a liquid reinforced bonding resin.
- the liquid resin is one which may be ceramized upon pyrolyzation.
- a resin also referred to as a pre-ceramic resin and/or a ceramic precursor resin, may be chosen from those well known to one of ordinary skill in the art .
- Examples of final products of these resins include silicon nitrocarbide (SiNC) , silicon carbide (SiC) , aluminosilicate (3Al 2 0 3 - 2Si0 2 ) , silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) , Starfire (SiC precursor) , Tonen (Si 3 N 4 ) and silicon dioxide (Si0 2 precursor) .
- the liquid resin preferably has a viscosity and consistency high enough to facilitate mixture and suspension of the reinforcement fibers. As such, although not required, the resin as a practical matter will likely be substantially monomeric in nature and is between 60 to 90 weight percent in relation to the weight percent of the reinforcement fibers.
- the reinforcement fibers may take the form of ceramic fibers and may generally match the chemical composition of at least one of the first and second ceramic foams.
- the reinforcement fibers are preferably formed of silicon carbide.
- the fibers are preferably of a whisker type fiber and have an aspect ratio of greater than fifteen. It is contemplated physical attributes of the fibers which may relate to, for example, melting point, degradation temperature, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity, will be considered when selecting a fiber material .
- the liquid reinforced bonding resin is applied to at least one of the ceramic foams.
- the foams are joined to each other with the liquid reinforced bonding resin disposed therebetween.
- the liquid reinforced bonding resin is then cured to form a solid reinforced bonding resin.
- the curing temperature and duration is dependent upon the particular liquid resin used. Such curing temperatures, however, may typically be between 100 and 350 degrees F.
- a curing oven or a portable heater may be utilized.
- the solid reinforced bonding resin is pyrolyzed to form a ceramic bonding layer.
- the ceramic bonding layer is characterized by a porous ceramic matrix with reinforcement fibers disposed therein.
- the pyrolysis temperature and duration is dependent upon the particular pre-ceramic resin used. Such pyrolysis temperatures, however, may typically be between 1000 and 2000 degrees F. Depending upon the physical size and configuration of the foams, an oven or a portable heating device may be utilized. It is contemplated that due to the relatively high temperature and other environmental conditions that exist during pyrolysis, the intermediate curing process mitigates volume loss of resin material.
- the particular pre-ceramic resin specified is contemplated to be chosen from those well known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
- Such resin will ceramize to form a ceramic matrix which is compatible with the operating temperature of the first and second ceramic foams.
- Compatibility refers to material physical and chemical attributes which include, but not limited to, melting point, degradation temperature, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity.
- the reinforcement fibers become set in place and provide an interconnected support structure for the ceramic matrix.
- the solid reinforced bonding resin initially occupies a bondline volume.
- the ceramic bonding layer substantially occupies the bondline volume and contains localized voids which are disposed within a porous ceramic matrix and about the reinforcement fibers. It is contemplated that in the absence of the reinforcement fibers, upon pyrolysis, the solidified resin would ceramize and the bondline volume would not be completely filled and would be subject to self- destructive shrinkage.
- the first and second foams may chemically react with the ceramized resin.
- the ceramic bonding layer may be further characterized by chemical bonds formed between a porous ceramic matrix and at least one of the first and second ceramic foams during pyrolysis . Such chemical bonds are contemplated to enhance the adhesive strength between the bonding layer and the foams.
- a transition material may be created during pyrolysis which is disposed between the porous ceramic matrix and the foams. The transition material is the product of the chemical reaction between the ceramic matrix and the foams .
- the ceramic foams are formed of silicon carbide (SiC) and the solidified resin is composed of a SiO ⁇ C material
- SiO ⁇ C material may be created.
- transition material may have undesirable physical attributes which may relate to, for example, melting point, degradation temperature, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity.
- the particular solidified resin may be selectively chosen so as avoid chemical reaction with the first and second ceramic foams which may produce a transition material having undesirable physical attributes. It is contemplated that where the solidified resin is not of an oxide type of ceramic, the pyrolysis process may be effectuated in an inert atmosphere to prevent undesirable oxidation. Examples of atmospheres which mitigate oxidation are inert atmospheres such as helium, argon, nitrogen and others which are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art .
- the ceramic bonding layer may be densified.
- densification process includes impregnating a secondary liquid resin into the ceramic bonding layer, curing the secondary liquid resin to form a secondary solid resin and pyrolyzing the bonding layer to ceramize the secondary solid resin.
- Reinforcement fibers are suspended in a liquid resin to form liquid reinforced bonding resin, as discussed above.
- the liquid reinforced bonding resin is applied to at least one of the first and second ceramic foams which are then joined to each other with the resin disposed therebetween.
- such a liquid reinforced bonding resin may be cured and subsequently pyrolyzed to produce a ceramic bonding layer to adhere the first and second ceramic foams.
- a six inch by six inch by one inch thick base foam (Amercom CVD-SiC foam) was damaged by impacting it several times with a ball-peen hammer.
- a damaged area resulted which was approximately 0.8 inch in diameter and 0.1 inch deep.
- the damaged area was removed using a router device which resulted in an inner surface defined by a hemispherical routed-out area which was three inches in diameter by 0.4 inches deep.
- a four inch by six inch piece of Amercom CVD-SiC foam was used to manufacture a repair plug for placement within the rouned-out area of the damaged base foam.
- the plug was sized such that it protruded approximately 0.1 inch out of the base foam after placement within the routed area.
- a liquid bonding mixture composed of 24 weight percent silicon carbide whiskers / 76 weight percent catalyzed 489D resin (manufactured by AlliedSignal, Inc.) was produced and applied to the inner surface of the routed- out area of the damaged base foam.
- the repair plug was then pressed into the routed-out area of the damaged base foam to construct a foam system.
- the foam system was heated at 350 degrees to cure the liquid resin to form a solid resin.
- the foams including the now solidified resin was then pyrolyzed in an inert atmosphere via a normal Blackglas (manufactured by AlliedSignal, Inc.) pyrolysis run to ceramize the resin.
- a two inch diameter metal fixture was bonded onto the three inch diameter repair plug.
- the base foam was constrained and a tensile force perpendicular to the base foam was applied via the fixture until failure of the repair occurred.
- the repaired area failed at a load of 358 pounds.
- the failure was a rough multi-mode break within the plug material adjacent the bondline.
- the foam material of the repair plug remained firmly adhered to the base foam with the bondline fully intact.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/081,761 US6099671A (en) | 1998-05-20 | 1998-05-20 | Method of adhering ceramic foams |
PCT/US1999/008764 WO1999059819A1 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 1999-04-21 | Method of adhering ceramic foams |
US81761 | 2002-02-21 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1115574A1 true EP1115574A1 (en) | 2001-07-18 |
EP1115574A4 EP1115574A4 (en) | 2004-10-27 |
EP1115574B1 EP1115574B1 (en) | 2005-12-28 |
Family
ID=22166217
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99944984A Expired - Lifetime EP1115574B1 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 1999-04-21 | Method of adhering ceramic foams |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6099671A (en) |
EP (1) | EP1115574B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5769499A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69929216T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2255297T3 (en) |
IL (1) | IL139729A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999059819A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6494979B1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2002-12-17 | The Boeing Company | Bonding of thermal tile insulation |
US6419189B1 (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2002-07-16 | The Boeing Company | Hot ruddervator apparatus and method for an aerospacecraft |
US20060004169A1 (en) * | 2003-01-10 | 2006-01-05 | Sherwood Walter J Jr | Ceramic-forming polymer material |
WO2005089901A1 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2005-09-29 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Honeycomb structure and method for manufacturing the same |
US7682577B2 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2010-03-23 | Geo2 Technologies, Inc. | Catalytic exhaust device for simplified installation or replacement |
US7682578B2 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2010-03-23 | Geo2 Technologies, Inc. | Device for catalytically reducing exhaust |
US7722828B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2010-05-25 | Geo2 Technologies, Inc. | Catalytic fibrous exhaust system and method for catalyzing an exhaust gas |
US20080178992A1 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2008-07-31 | Geo2 Technologies, Inc. | Porous Substrate and Method of Fabricating the Same |
US20100021716A1 (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2010-01-28 | Strock Christopher W | Thermal barrier system and bonding method |
EP2616679A2 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2013-07-24 | Wilson Solarpower Corporation | Concentrated solar power generation using solar receivers |
CN110260534A (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2019-09-20 | 威尔逊太阳能公司 | Solar receiver, electricity generation system and fluid flow control device |
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EP0470928A1 (en) * | 1990-07-25 | 1992-02-12 | Alfa Klebstoffe Ag | Method for elastic bonding of two substrates |
US5582784A (en) * | 1995-08-16 | 1996-12-10 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Method of making ceramic matrix composite/ceramic foam panels |
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US2955952A (en) * | 1956-09-24 | 1960-10-11 | Smith Corp A O | Composition for patching defects in glass or enamel coatings and method of applying the same |
US3902940A (en) * | 1969-12-08 | 1975-09-02 | Heller William C Jun | Art of joining foamed members |
US4409270A (en) * | 1982-04-22 | 1983-10-11 | The General Tire & Rubber Company | Method for repairing glass fiber reinforced plastic parts and product |
US4605595A (en) * | 1983-11-18 | 1986-08-12 | Allied Corporation | Method of manufacturing a friction article |
US4559244A (en) * | 1984-02-27 | 1985-12-17 | Kennecott Corporation | Composite refractory foams |
US4808558A (en) * | 1987-08-26 | 1989-02-28 | Lanxide Technology Company, Lp | Ceramic foams |
US4856887A (en) * | 1987-04-01 | 1989-08-15 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Lightweight silicon carbide mirror |
US5180694A (en) * | 1989-06-01 | 1993-01-19 | General Electric Company | Silicon-oxy-carbide glass method of preparation and articles |
US4981820A (en) * | 1989-07-28 | 1991-01-01 | General Electric Company | Cellular silicon-oxy-carbide glass from foamed silicone resins |
US5082805A (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1992-01-21 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Glass bonded filler compositions for silicon carbide foam core mirrors |
DE4029383A1 (en) * | 1990-09-12 | 1992-03-19 | Otto Feuerfest Gmbh | Foam body mfr. - uses prepd. foam sections to be assembled with carrier layer to form permeable and passage zones |
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US5928448A (en) * | 1997-11-01 | 1999-07-27 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Dowel adhesive method for repair of ceramic matrix composites |
-
1998
- 1998-05-20 US US09/081,761 patent/US6099671A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-04-21 IL IL13972999A patent/IL139729A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-04-21 WO PCT/US1999/008764 patent/WO1999059819A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-04-21 EP EP99944984A patent/EP1115574B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-21 DE DE69929216T patent/DE69929216T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-04-21 ES ES99944984T patent/ES2255297T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-21 AU AU57694/99A patent/AU5769499A/en not_active Abandoned
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EP0470928A1 (en) * | 1990-07-25 | 1992-02-12 | Alfa Klebstoffe Ag | Method for elastic bonding of two substrates |
US5582784A (en) * | 1995-08-16 | 1996-12-10 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Method of making ceramic matrix composite/ceramic foam panels |
US5849406A (en) * | 1995-08-16 | 1998-12-15 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | FRCMC/ceramic foam panels |
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See also references of WO9959819A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO1999059819A1 (en) | 1999-11-25 |
EP1115574A4 (en) | 2004-10-27 |
IL139729A (en) | 2004-01-04 |
AU5769499A (en) | 1999-12-06 |
EP1115574B1 (en) | 2005-12-28 |
ES2255297T3 (en) | 2006-06-16 |
DE69929216T2 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
IL139729A0 (en) | 2002-02-10 |
US6099671A (en) | 2000-08-08 |
DE69929216D1 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
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