EP1080288B1 - Remote control device for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Remote control device for motor vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1080288B1
EP1080288B1 EP99923498A EP99923498A EP1080288B1 EP 1080288 B1 EP1080288 B1 EP 1080288B1 EP 99923498 A EP99923498 A EP 99923498A EP 99923498 A EP99923498 A EP 99923498A EP 1080288 B1 EP1080288 B1 EP 1080288B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
information
vehicle
user
identification device
stored
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99923498A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1080288A1 (en
Inventor
Paul Aschauer
Michael Koblbauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of EP1080288A1 publication Critical patent/EP1080288A1/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00563—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys using personal physical data of the operator, e.g. finger prints, retinal images, voicepatterns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00182—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with unidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
    • G07C9/25—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
    • G07C9/26—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition using a biometric sensor integrated in the pass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
    • G07C2009/00769—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means
    • G07C2009/00793—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means by Hertzian waves

Definitions

  • the invention relates firstly to a remote control method for vehicles, in the personal, individual characteristics by means of an identification device of the user is recorded as information about the user, and by means of of a transmitter, the information recorded by the identification device is transmitted wirelessly to a vehicle via the user, the identification device and the transmitter are combined into one structural unit, and secondly to a facility for performing the method.
  • EP-A-0 805 247 it is an identification device for the Known user of a vehicle in which a sensor element is arranged on the door handle with which the authorized user identifies on the basis of his fingerprint becomes.
  • the invention has for its object a remote control method of the beginning to create the type mentioned, in which one use of the vehicle by several User is enabled. It is also the task of finding a suitable one Creating facility.
  • the invention solves this problem for the method by the features of the claim 1, for the establishment by the features of claims 3 or 4.
  • a remote control vehicle 1 is shown in plan view, the several Has transponder 2, 3, which is connected to a central control unit (not shown) are.
  • the transponders 2 and 3 are part of a remote control device, which can be controlled by a mobile transponder 4.
  • the transponder 4 is located in a remote control key 4 'which is common today and has a row of pushbuttons, for example 5 and 6.
  • the push button switch 5 serves a control unit for the central locking and locking system of the vehicle (not shown) to give the command "Lock” or "Secure", the push button 6 to issue the "unlock” command. While the mode of operation the key switch 5 which corresponds to the radio key common today, is the Operation of the key switch 6 designed according to the invention.
  • a sensor is activated at the same time is located below the probe body 6 'made of transparent material.
  • the Sensor 7 is shown in detail in FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 2 shows the key 4 'of Fig. 1 in enlarged scale.
  • the sensor 7 takes an image of the user's skin groove structure on and compares this structure to a structure stored in a memory (not shown) of the key 4 is deposited. The comparison is known in itself Way via corresponding commercially available devices for fingerprint identification carried out. In this comparison, the user is considered authorized recognized, a transmitter also provided in the key 4 'transmits an enable signal to transponders 2 and 3, which then release this signal to the corresponding Devices, for example for central locking or commissioning forward the vehicle. As is known per se, this signal can be transmitted via an encryption mechanism tap-proof and individually for each Vehicle matched.
  • the senor 7 instead of the illustrated and described embodiment with the key 4 'arranged comparison device for the fingerprint of the authorized user, it is also possible to design the sensor 7 so that it is only one Information about the skin groove structure of the respective user and this Transmits information to the vehicle. The comparison device is then located there, that this information with stored information of the authorized person (s) User compares and, if necessary, the described release operations performs.
  • biometric data finger groove structure
  • That user is then also authorized and can in future without prior authorization from the initially authorized user can open the vehicle or put it into operation. All that is required for this is to have the biometric data through the sensor 7 in record the way described and with the data then stored of the same user. In this way it is possible to change the user authorization multiple users.
  • voice comparison device can be provided in the key 4 ', the authorized users identified based on their voice spectrum.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich erstens auf ein Fembedienungsverfahren für Fahrzeuge, in dem mittels einer Identifizierungseinrichtung persönliche, individuelle Merkmale des Benutzers als Information über den Benutzer aufgenommen wird, und mittels eines Senders die von der Identifizierungseinrichtung aufgenommene Information über den Benutzer drahtlos an ein Fahrzeug übermittelt wird, wobei die Identifizierungseinrichtung und der Sender zu einer Baueinheit vereinigt sind, und zweitens auf eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates firstly to a remote control method for vehicles, in the personal, individual characteristics by means of an identification device of the user is recorded as information about the user, and by means of of a transmitter, the information recorded by the identification device is transmitted wirelessly to a vehicle via the user, the identification device and the transmitter are combined into one structural unit, and secondly to a facility for performing the method.

Bei einem derartigen Fembedienungsverfahren, wie es aus der nicht vorveröffentlichten deutschen Patentanmeldung 197 13 607 bekannt ist, wird ein Freigabesignal für das Fahrzeug ausgelöst, wenn der Bediener als berechtigt erkannt ist.In such a remote control method, as it is from the unpublished German patent application 197 13 607 is known, an enable signal triggered for the vehicle when the operator is recognized as authorized.

Aus der DE-C-195 11 386 ist eine Verfahren bekannt, mit dem der Erstbenutzer eine Fahrzeugs seine Berechtigung erlangt. Hierzu werden Passworte verwendet, die benutzerabhängig oder benutzerunabhängig sind.From DE-C-195 11 386 a method is known with which the first user a vehicle obtains its authorization. Passwords are used for this, that are user-dependent or user-independent.

Schließlich ist es aus der EP-A-0 805 247 eine Identifizierungseinrichtung für den Benutzer eines Fahrzeugs bekannt, bei der am Türgriff ein Fühlerelement angeordnet ist, mit dem der berechtigte Nutzer an Hand seines Fingerabdrucks identifiziert wird.Finally, from EP-A-0 805 247 it is an identification device for the Known user of a vehicle in which a sensor element is arranged on the door handle with which the authorized user identifies on the basis of his fingerprint becomes.

Probleme ergeben sich in allen Fällen bei der Berechtigung eines neuen, noch nicht angemeldeten Benutzers.In all cases, problems do not arise with the authorization of a new one logged in user.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Fembedienungsverfahren der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei dem eine Nutzung des Fahrzeugs durch mehrere Benutzer ermöglicht wird. Ferner ist es die Aufgabe, eine dafür geeignete Einrichtung zu schaffen. The invention has for its object a remote control method of the beginning to create the type mentioned, in which one use of the vehicle by several User is enabled. It is also the task of finding a suitable one Creating facility.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe für das Verfahren durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1, für die Einrichtung durch die Merkmale der Patentansprüche 3 oder 4.The invention solves this problem for the method by the features of the claim 1, for the establishment by the features of claims 3 or 4.

Um eine Nutzung des Fahrzeugs durch mehrere Berechtigte zu ermöglichen, wird zunächst die Information eines berechtigten Benutzers übertragen. Anschließend wird, beispielsweise innerhalb einer Zeitspanne von einer Minute, die Information in Form der biometrischen Daten eines neuen Benutzers übertragen. Dieser gilt zukünftig ebenfalls als berechtigt. Voraussetzung hierfür ist, dass diese Information wie auch die Information des ersten berechtigten Benutzers im Fahrzeug abgespeichert und für den Vergleich einer nachfolgend übertragenen Information bereitgehalten wird.To enable the vehicle to be used by several authorized parties, first transmit the information of an authorized user. Subsequently , for example within a period of one minute, the information in Transfer the form of the biometric data of a new user. This will apply in the future also as justified. The prerequisite for this is that this information as well as the information of the first authorized user stored in the vehicle and kept ready for the comparison of subsequently transmitted information becomes.

Damit ist es beispielsweisemöglich, bei einem Hotel oder auf einem Parkplatz den Aufseher in die Lage zu versetzen, das Fahrzeug selbständig zu benutzen. Gleichzeitig ist sichergestellt, dass die Benutzung durch einen Nichtberechtigten ausgeschlossen ist. Es ist auch möglich, die Nutzungsmöglichkeiten für den auf diese Weise mit der Berechtigung versehenen Benutzereinzuschränken. So kann es beispielsweise sinnvoll sein, diesem nur die Benutzung des Fahrzeugs mit einer Maximalgeschwindigkeit von 20 km/h zuzugestehen. Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass dann, wenn der neue Benutzer seine Berechtigung durch Zwang des ersten Benutzers erlangt hat, dieser zweite Benutzer nur in eingeschränktem Umfang über das Kraftfahrzeugverfügen kann.This makes it possible, for example, at a hotel or in a parking lot To enable supervisors to use the vehicle independently. simultaneously ensures that use by an unauthorized person is excluded is. It is also possible to use the options on this Way to restrict authorized users. For example, it can it only makes sense to use the vehicle at a maximum speed of 20 km / h. This has the advantage that if the new user is forced by the first user has obtained, this second user has only limited access to the motor vehicle can.

Anhand der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung weiter erläutert.The invention is further explained on the basis of the drawing.

Es zeigt

Fig. 1
ein Übersichtsbild für die erfindungsgemäße Fernbedienungseinrichtung für Fahrzeuge und
Fig. 2
eine Einzelheit von Fig. 1 im vergrößerten Maßstab.
It shows
Fig. 1
an overview image for the remote control device for vehicles and
Fig. 2
a detail of Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale.

In Fig. 1 ist ein fembedienbares Fahrzeug 1 in der Draufsicht gezeigt, das mehrere Transponder 2, 3 besitzt, die mit einem zentralen Steuergerät (nicht dargestellt) verbunden sind. Die Transponder 2 und 3 sind Teil einer Fembedienungseinrichtung, die durch einen mobilen Transponder 4 steuerbar ist. Der Transponder 4 befindet sich in einem heutzutage üblichen Fernbedienungs-Schlüssel 4' und weist eine Reihe von Tastschaltem, beispielsweise 5 und 6 auf. Der Tastschalter 5 dient dazu, einem Steuergerät für die Zentralverriegelungs- und Schließanlage des Fahrzeugs (nicht dargestellt) den Befehl "Verriegeln" bzw. "Sichern" aufzugeben, der Tastschalter 6 dazu, den Befehl "Entriegeln" aufzugeben. Während die Wirkungsweise des Tastschalters 5 der des heutzutage üblichen Funkschlüssels entspricht, ist die Wirkungsweise des Tastschalters 6 erfindungsgemäß gestaltet.In Fig. 1, a remote control vehicle 1 is shown in plan view, the several Has transponder 2, 3, which is connected to a central control unit (not shown) are. The transponders 2 and 3 are part of a remote control device, which can be controlled by a mobile transponder 4. The transponder 4 is located in a remote control key 4 'which is common today and has a row of pushbuttons, for example 5 and 6. The push button switch 5 serves a control unit for the central locking and locking system of the vehicle (not shown) to give the command "Lock" or "Secure", the push button 6 to issue the "unlock" command. While the mode of operation the key switch 5 which corresponds to the radio key common today, is the Operation of the key switch 6 designed according to the invention.

Wird der Tastschalter 6 betätigt, so wird gleichzeitig ein Sensor aktiviert, der sich unterhalb des aus durchsichtigem Material befindlichen Tastkörpers 6' befindet. Der Sensor 7 ist in Fig. 2 im Detail gezeigt. Fig. 2 zeigt den Schlüssel 4' von Fig. 1 in vergrößertem Maßstab. Der Sensor 7 nimmt ein Bild der Hautrillenstruktur des Benutzers auf und vergleicht diese Struktur mit einer Struktur, die in einem Speicher (nicht dargestellt) des Schlüssels 4 hinterlegt ist. Der Vergleich wird in an sich bekannter Weise über entsprechende handelsübliche Einrichtungen zur Fingerabdruckidentifizierung durchgeführt. Wird bei diesem Vergleich der Benutzer als berechtigt erkannt, so überträgt ein ebenfalls im Schlüssel 4' vorgesehener Sender ein Freigabesignal zu den Transpondem 2 und 3, die dieses Freigabesignal dann an entsprechende Einrichtungen, beispielsweise für die Zentralverriegelung bzw. die Inbetriebnahme des Fahrzeugs weiterleiten. Dieses Signal kann, wie an sich bekannt, über einen Verschlüsselungsmechanismus abhörsicher und individuell auf das jeweilige Fahrzeug abgestimmt sein.If the key switch 6 is actuated, a sensor is activated at the same time is located below the probe body 6 'made of transparent material. The Sensor 7 is shown in detail in FIG. 2. Fig. 2 shows the key 4 'of Fig. 1 in enlarged scale. The sensor 7 takes an image of the user's skin groove structure on and compares this structure to a structure stored in a memory (not shown) of the key 4 is deposited. The comparison is known in itself Way via corresponding commercially available devices for fingerprint identification carried out. In this comparison, the user is considered authorized recognized, a transmitter also provided in the key 4 'transmits an enable signal to transponders 2 and 3, which then release this signal to the corresponding Devices, for example for central locking or commissioning forward the vehicle. As is known per se, this signal can be transmitted via an encryption mechanism tap-proof and individually for each Vehicle matched.

Anstelle der dargestellten und beschriebenen Ausführungsform mit der im Schlüssel 4' angeordneten Vergleichseinrichtung für den Fingerabdruck des berechtigten Benutzers, ist es auch möglich, den Sensor 7 so auszugestalten, daß er lediglich eine Information über die Hautrillenstruktur des jeweiligen Benutzers aufnimmt und diese Information an das Fahrzeug überträgt. Dort befindet sich dann die Vergleichseinrichtung, die diese Information mit gespeicherten Informationen des bzw. der berechtigten Benutzer vergleicht und ggf. die beschriebenen Freigabeoperationen durchführt. Instead of the illustrated and described embodiment with the key 4 'arranged comparison device for the fingerprint of the authorized user, it is also possible to design the sensor 7 so that it is only one Information about the skin groove structure of the respective user and this Transmits information to the vehicle. The comparison device is then located there, that this information with stored information of the authorized person (s) User compares and, if necessary, the described release operations performs.

Ebenfalls möglich ist, nach der Identifizierung eines berechtigten Benutzers, die beispielsweise durch einen Leuchtanzeige 8 im Schlüssel 4 sichtbar gemacht werden kann, die biometrischen Daten (Fingerrillenstruktur) eines weiteren Benutzers abzuspeichem bzw. auch an das Fahrzeug 1 zu übertragen. Dieser Benutzer ist dann ebenfalls berechtigt und kann zukünftig ohne vorhergehende Autorisierung durch den zunächst berechtigten Benutzer das Fahrzeug öffnen bzw. in Betrieb nehmen. Hierzu ist es lediglich erforderlich, die biometrischen Daten durch den Sensor 7 in der beschriebenen Weise aufzunehmen und mit den dann gespeicherten Daten desselben Benutzers zu vergleichen. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, die Benutzungsberechtigung mehrerer Benutzer aufzunehmen.It is also possible, after identifying an authorized user, for example be made visible by a light indicator 8 in the key 4 can save the biometric data (finger groove structure) of another user or also to be transmitted to the vehicle 1. That user is then also authorized and can in future without prior authorization from the initially authorized user can open the vehicle or put it into operation. All that is required for this is to have the biometric data through the sensor 7 in record the way described and with the data then stored of the same user. In this way it is possible to change the user authorization multiple users.

Anstelle eines Sensors, der auf die Hautrillenstruktur anspricht, kann auch eine an sich bekannte Stimmvergleichseinrichtung im Schlüssel 4' vorgesehen sein, die den berechtigten Benutzer anhand seines Stimmspektrums identifiziert.Instead of a sensor that responds to the structure of the skin groove, one can also be used known voice comparison device can be provided in the key 4 ', the authorized users identified based on their voice spectrum.

Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, nur dem berechtigten Benutzer die Möglichkeit zu verschaffen, mit Hilfe des Schlüssels 4 das Fahrzeug tatsächlich zu benutzen. Wird der Schlüssel 4 verloren, sind die biometrischen Daten des Finders und möglichen unberechtigten Benutzers weder im Schlüssel 4' noch im Fahrzeug 1 gespeichert. Trotz des Schlüsselbesitzes ist er nicht in der Lage, das Fahrzeug zu benutzen. Der Speichervorgang kann manipulationssicher vorgenommen werden, indem die Speicherung nur möglich ist, wenn der mechanische Teil 9 des Schlüssels 4' in eine Aufnahme, z.B. das Zündschloß des Fahrzeugs 1 eingeführt ist und dort eine mechanische Sperre entriegelt.In this way it is possible to give only the authorized user the opportunity get to actually use the vehicle with the key 4. Becomes the key 4 is lost, the finder's biometric data and possible unauthorized user neither stored in the key 4 'nor in the vehicle 1. Despite having the key, he is unable to use the vehicle. The Saving can be done tamper-proof by saving is only possible if the mechanical part 9 of the key 4 'in a receptacle, e.g. the ignition lock of vehicle 1 is inserted and there is a mechanical one Lock unlocked.

Damit ist ein wirksamer Diebstahischutz erzielt.This provides effective protection against theft.

Claims (4)

  1. A method of remote control for vehicles wherein information about the user in the form of personal individual features is recorded by an identification device and the information about the user recorded by the identification device is transmitted by wireless to a vehicle by a transmitter, wherein the identification device and the transmitter are combined in a structural unit,
    characterised in that the information recorded by the identification device is compared in the vehicle with stored information regarding the authorised user or users,
    wherein if the information transmitted to the vehicle coincides with the stored information, an enabling signal is given, and another user is authorised if his personal individual features are subsequently recorded within a set time and transmitted to the vehicle.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the alteration of the new user is restricted.
  3. A device for working the method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
    an identification device (7) is provided for recording information about the user in the form of personal individual features thereof and
    a transmitter (4) is provided for wireless transmission to a vehicle of the information recorded by the identification device, and the identification device and the transmitter are combined in a structural unit (4'),
    the identification device records a fingerprint,
    a comparator device disposed in the vehicle is designed so as to compare the information stored by the identification device with information on the authorised user or users stored in a memory, and gives an enabling signal if the information transmitted to the vehicle coincides with the stored information, and
    the memory is designed so that a new user is stored as authorised if his personal individual features are recorded within a set time thereafter and transmitted to the vehicle.
  4. A device for working the method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
    an identification device (7) is provided for recording information about the user in the form of personal individual features thereof and
    a transmitter (4) is provided and transmits the information recorded by the identification device by wireless to a vehicle, and the identification device and the transmitter are combined in a structural unit,
    the identification device records a voice characteristic,
    a comparator device disposed in the vehicle is designed so as to compare the information stored by the identification device with information on the authorised user or users stored in a memory, and gives an enabling signal if the information transmitted to the vehicle coincides with the stored information, and
    the memory is designed so that a new user is stored as authorised if his personal individual features are recorded within a set time thereafter and transmitted to the vehicle.
EP99923498A 1998-05-27 1999-04-29 Remote control device for motor vehicles Expired - Lifetime EP1080288B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823731A DE19823731A1 (en) 1998-05-27 1998-05-27 Remote control device for vehicles
DE19823731 1998-05-27
PCT/EP1999/002917 WO1999061731A1 (en) 1998-05-27 1999-04-29 Remote control device for motor vehicles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1080288A1 EP1080288A1 (en) 2001-03-07
EP1080288B1 true EP1080288B1 (en) 2004-09-08

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EP99923498A Expired - Lifetime EP1080288B1 (en) 1998-05-27 1999-04-29 Remote control device for motor vehicles

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US (1) US6924729B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1080288B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4436969B2 (en)
DE (2) DE19823731A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2226387T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1999061731A1 (en)

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JP2002516937A (en) 2002-06-11
US6924729B1 (en) 2005-08-02
WO1999061731A1 (en) 1999-12-02
ES2226387T3 (en) 2005-03-16
EP1080288A1 (en) 2001-03-07
JP4436969B2 (en) 2010-03-24
DE59910458D1 (en) 2004-10-14
DE19823731A1 (en) 1999-12-02

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