EP1072859A1 - Methode zur Anordnung von Fasern in einem Behälter - Google Patents

Methode zur Anordnung von Fasern in einem Behälter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1072859A1
EP1072859A1 EP00402042A EP00402042A EP1072859A1 EP 1072859 A1 EP1072859 A1 EP 1072859A1 EP 00402042 A EP00402042 A EP 00402042A EP 00402042 A EP00402042 A EP 00402042A EP 1072859 A1 EP1072859 A1 EP 1072859A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strand
fibers
placing
solidified
fibers according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00402042A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1072859B1 (de
Inventor
Muriel Regis
Martial Bernard
André Espagnacq
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giat Industries SA
Original Assignee
Giat Industries SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giat Industries SA filed Critical Giat Industries SA
Publication of EP1072859A1 publication Critical patent/EP1072859A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1072859B1 publication Critical patent/EP1072859B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/70—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies for dispensing radar chaff or infrared material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49801—Shaping fiber or fibered material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49885—Assembling or joining with coating before or during assembling

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of processes for placing fibers of length less than 10 mm in a case, especially for make a munition dispersing such fibers, by example to ensure masking or decoy in the infrared and / or millimeter range.
  • the main problem encountered with such ammunition is that of ensuring optimal filling of the ammunition with a maximum of fibers having a length scaled down.
  • the length of the fibers to be dispersed must be less than 10mm to ensure the effectiveness of the masking in the desired wavelength band.
  • the length of the fibers to be dispersed must be the same order of magnitude that the wavelength of the radiation at mask, i.e. fibers from 3 to 6 mm for masking in the millimeter range (infrared masking is also provided by carbon fibers due to radiation absorption by the latter).
  • the filling of ammunition is carried out by placing in bulk in the case. We do not provide thus an optimal filling of the case and the reproducibility of ammunition performance is not assured since the mass and / or distribution of the fibers may vary from ammunition to another.
  • the method according to the invention thus allows in a way simple and inexpensive to ensure the establishment in a case of short fibers (less than 10mm) and in the form wafers whose diameter can be large (greater than 40mm) pancakes which may include recesses.
  • the solidified strand can be cut when it is in the mold, the mold having notches allowing the passage of a means cutting.
  • the solidified strand can be removed of the mold then surround the strand thus solidified with a retaining sheath before cutting the strand into patties.
  • the mold may include an imprint semi-cylindrical to give the solidified strand a half cylinder shape and we will then do everything first at least two identical strands that we then assemble in a single retaining sheath cylindrical.
  • the mold may include a cover comprising a semi-cylindrical profile allowing to arrange a half channel axial cylindrical on the solidified strand.
  • An axial channel can be made by drilling the strand or solidified pancakes.
  • the retaining sheath may be constituted by a heat shrink tubing or by an envelope metallic.
  • the metal envelope may be a sieve with a mesh width of less than 140 micrometers.
  • the metal envelope can be made from a sheet wrapped around the strand and welded edge to edge.
  • the grouping of long stranded fibers may be made by winding a long fiber between two studs secured to a support.
  • the grouping of long fibers into strand can be made by winding on itself unidirectional fabric.
  • the solidifiable material may be water or carry water.
  • the solidifiable material may have a point of solidification above 0 ° C and a melting point or boiling below 150 ° C. It could be constituted with a wax.
  • the fibers will be carbon fibers or else glass fibers covered with a conductive material by for example aluminum, or organic fibers conductive.
  • a munition 1 obtained with the method according to the invention comprises a case 2, prefragmented or not, which is made for example in a plastic material such as plexyglas, polycarbonate or polyethylene and which is integral with a base 3, by metal example.
  • the base is intended to allow the fixing the ammunition on a launch system known type and not shown.
  • This launch system can for example be carried by an aircraft or by a land vehicle. he will conventionally include a guide tube for the ammunition and an ejection piston which will be pushed by a charge generating gas.
  • the case 2 contains a stack of wafers 4 of carbon fibers.
  • Each wafer 4 has a thickness of less than 10mm and the fibers are arranged all parallel to each other others in each cake.
  • the fibers have a diameter of about 7 micrometers and they have a length equal to the thickness of the wafer.
  • wafers whose thickness will be between 3mm and 6mm.
  • Each wafer is surrounded by an outer sheath 5 which maintains the fibers.
  • This sheath is made in plastic or metal.
  • the sheath 5 could be omitted condition to follow another mode of implementation described also thereafter.
  • Each wafer has an axial hole and the stack wafers 4 thus defines an axial channel 6 to inside which is placed a cardboard tube 7 (or plastic) filled with a pyrotechnic charge of dispersion 8.
  • each wafer could carry a portion of tube (washer) the juxtaposition of different washers forming the tube 7.
  • the dispersion charge 8 is constituted for example by a pyrotechnic composition combining Aluminum and potassium perchlorate (Al / KClO4) in the proportions by mass of 20 to 30% aluminum for 80 to 70% KClO4 (preferred proportions 24% aluminum for 76% perchlorate).
  • the cover is returned secured to case 2 by gluing its rim device 10 on the outer cylindrical surface of the case.
  • the cover could also be made of a single piece with case.
  • the base 3 carries a conventional ignition means 11 which is not described here in detail and which will include example a delay (pyrotechnic or electronic) which is intended to be triggered when the ammunition is fired and a inflammatory composition ensuring ignition of the charge dispersal pyrotechnics 8.
  • a conventional ignition means 11 which is not described here in detail and which will include example a delay (pyrotechnic or electronic) which is intended to be triggered when the ammunition is fired and a inflammatory composition ensuring ignition of the charge dispersal pyrotechnics 8.
  • a decoy ammunition may be made up using carbon fibers instead reflective flakes, for example filaments aluminum.
  • the external diameter of the pancakes is of the order of 70mm, the diameter of the axial channel 6 is around 15mm (it will vary depending on the nature of the case and the amount of charge 8 that is needed to break this case and scatter the fibers).
  • Fiber storage is perfectly uniform and symmetrical the surface density of fibers is around of 24,000 fibers per square millimeter.
  • Such ammunition allows reliably and reproducible the generation of a cloud of dimensions important.
  • a cloud 2 m in diameter with 40mm ammunition in diameter and 60mm long.
  • Such ammunition will be produced by implementing the method according to the invention.
  • a step A we first make a strand 12 fibers (carbon or aluminized glass or a aluminized organic material) parallel to each other.
  • the strand must have an equal number of fibers in section the number of fibers desired in a section of ammunition.
  • This strand 12 can be produced for example by winding continuous of a single fiber between two pads.
  • Figure 2 thus represents a tool 13 making it possible to produce a such winding.
  • the tool 13 includes a flat support 15 on which two cylindrical studs 14a, 14b are fixed.
  • a fiber 16 is wound between the two studs with a machine winding (not shown). Alternatively we can fix the support 15 in one turn to allow winding fiber.
  • the spacing of the studs 14a / 14b makes it possible to define the length of the strand 12.
  • the strand will be given a length compatible with the capabilities of the winding machine. We may if it is not too large, give the strand a length at least equal to the height of the stack of pancakes that we are trying to make.
  • the strand 12 can also be produced by winding of a unidirectional fiber fabric.
  • the fibers are all parallel and they are interconnected in the fabric by nylon threads which are perpendicular to them and which provide low mechanical strength in the direction perpendicular to the fiber.
  • FIG. 5 thus shows a strand 12 in the process of realization by winding around an axis 17 of a sheet 18 of a fabric comprising carbon fibers (or aluminized glass) oriented parallel to axis 17.
  • the second step of the process is an impregnation of the strand 12 with a material 19 solidifiable at a first temperature.
  • the material may advantageously be water. he may alternatively be a wax or a material organic with low melting or evaporation point.
  • Impregnation is carried out by dipping the strand 12 in a tank 20 filled with the impregnation material 19.
  • step C we lay the strand 12 thus impregnated in a mold 21.
  • Figure 3 shows a first embodiment of a such mold.
  • This mold includes two shells 22a and 22b which are positioned precisely in relation to each other by means of grooves 23 and tabs 24.
  • the shells 22a and 22b define a cavity cylindrical 25 which has the desired diameter as a diameter for the pancakes 4.
  • the mold will be made for example of aluminum.
  • the initial strand is made by winding, preferably adopt a mold whose cavity 25 will have a length greater than the total length desired for stacking pancakes. So the ends of the strand where the fibers were wound on the pads 14 may be withdrawn. This ensures good homogeneity of the loading of fibers over the entire length of the ammunition.
  • step D the mold 21 is placed in a enclosure 26 allowing it to be brought to a first temperature T1 which is less than or equal to the solidification temperature of the impregnation material 19.
  • the enclosure will be constituted by a type freezer conventional or any other cooling system.
  • the mold 21 can be immersed in liquid nitrogen.
  • the solidified strand is removed from the mold and surrounds it (step E1) with a retaining sheath 5.
  • This retaining sheath will preferably be constituted by a metal envelope made from a sheet 27 of a stainless steel sieve from 20 to 140 micrometers thick.
  • the side of the nominal mesh of this sieve can vary between 30 and 210 micrometers.
  • the sheet is wrapped around the strand and it is welded edge to edge (for example laser or tinning) so as to form a sheath 5. It is also possible use a heat-sealable aluminum film.
  • the function of the sheath 5 is to ensure the maintenance peripheral fibers during the operations of cutting patties 4 as will be described by after. It will however be chosen thin enough to do not disturb the dispersion of the fibers during ammunition operation.
  • a heat-shrinkable plastic material by example a Kynar type heat shrink tubing (brand filed) offered by Raychem and whose shrinking temperature will be chosen below 150 ° C.
  • step E1 a machining of a axial channel 6 (by means of a turn).
  • This tube (cardboard or plastic) will function of maintaining fibers at the axial channel and during cutting operations wafers 4 as will be described later.
  • step F We proceed to step F to cut into patties 4 of the strand 12 fitted with its sheath 5 and tube 28.
  • the thickness of the wafers will be less than 10mm and preferably between 3 and 6 mm.
  • the cutting is carried out using for example a grinder 29 (or else by laser cutting). We will maintain the temperature of the strand at a low level in order to avoid decohesion of the fibers.
  • step G we place them (step G) in an oven 30 brought to a second temperature T2 chosen so as to eliminate the solidifiable material 19 (by evaporation or fusion).
  • a sheath in the form of a screen ensures porosity which facilitates the removal of the material 19 without however free the fibers.
  • Each wafer 4 will have at its surface outer sheath portion 5 and at the level of the axial channel a portion of the tube 28.
  • the material filling the tube was eliminated with that which retained the fibers.
  • Sheath 5 and tube 28 ensure a certain mechanical strength of each wafer 4, facilitating the subsequent mounting of the wafers in the case 2 of the ammunition (step H).
  • Load can be itself placed in a tube or be poured loose in the axial channel 6.
  • step H then occurs before step G).
  • a mold 21 can be used according to that shown in Figure 4a.
  • This mold differs from the previous one in that the shell upper 22b takes the form of a flat cover. The mold therefore delimits an internal semicylindrical cavity 31.
  • the axial bore is drilled after sheath assembly.
  • Figure 4b shows a variant of this mode of embodiment, variant in which the cover 22b of the mold has a semi-cylindrical profile 32 which allows to arrange a half cylindrical axial channel on the strand.
  • two strands 12a, 12b are produced having a form of half cylinder and they are assembled using a sheath 5 including the tube 28 containing the material solidified.
  • step E3 This variant of the process is shown schematically in the figure 6 (step E3).
  • Figures 7 and 8 show a mold used in a third embodiment of the invention.
  • This mold like that of FIG. 3 delimits a cylindrical axial cavity 25.
  • each shell 22a, 22b has notches 33 allowing passage cutting means, for example disc, saw, water jet or laser.
  • the mold 21 will advantageously include bores axial 34 which allow the operation of drilling the strand directly inside the mold. After drilling the axial channel (before or after cutting the pancakes), we will have a tube 28 filled with a material solidified.
  • Drilling and cutting operations take place so directly after step D and we get pancakes that can be placed in a case of ammunition.
  • Steaming should preferably be carried out directly after placement in the case. It is also possible to place the stack of cut washers in a tube light paper or cardboard or a porous material that can allow the solidification material to escape.
  • the stack will be steamed with this tube porous then the assembly will be placed in the case of the ammunition.
  • steps F or G we will stack the number of pancakes desired (which can therefore come from several strands) in a case to make ammunition (step H).
  • Ammunition produced with such a process will in particular allow the dispersion of carbon fibers or conductive in order to achieve masking or decoy in the desired wavelength band.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
EP00402042A 1999-07-27 2000-07-18 Methode zur Anordnung von Fasern in einem Behälter Expired - Lifetime EP1072859B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9909773A FR2797044B1 (fr) 1999-07-27 1999-07-27 Procede de mise en place de fibres dans un etui et munition realisee avec ce procede
FR9909773 1999-07-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1072859A1 true EP1072859A1 (de) 2001-01-31
EP1072859B1 EP1072859B1 (de) 2003-01-08

Family

ID=9548607

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00402042A Expired - Lifetime EP1072859B1 (de) 1999-07-27 2000-07-18 Methode zur Anordnung von Fasern in einem Behälter

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6381825B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1072859B1 (de)
DE (1) DE60001129T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2797044B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1371935B1 (de) 2002-06-12 2016-01-13 NEXTER Munitions Vorrichtung und Munition für den Schutz eines Fahrzeuges oder einer Plattform gegen Drohungen
EP1371934B1 (de) 2002-06-12 2016-01-13 NEXTER Munitions Maskierungsmunition

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1381821A1 (de) * 2001-04-24 2004-01-21 Anthony Joseph Cesaroni Bleifreies geschoss
FR2867557B1 (fr) * 2004-03-12 2008-03-21 Lacroix Soc E Dispositif emetteur de rayonnement notamment infrarouge
GB2478019B (en) * 2010-07-30 2012-10-17 Wallop Defence Systems Ltd Chaff package assembly system
CN102051826B (zh) * 2010-11-12 2012-10-03 许昌恒源发制品股份有限公司 假发用快速染色助剂及其制备方法
US10955224B1 (en) * 2019-03-08 2021-03-23 Shawn M. Theiss Net packing method and device

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4261099A (en) * 1979-07-27 1981-04-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Method for making multi-element brushes
GB1598423A (en) * 1967-11-03 1981-09-23 Gen Dynamics Corp Decoy round
US5179778A (en) 1992-02-25 1993-01-19 Dickson Lawrence J Method and means for producing disks of tightly packed on-end aligned fibers
US5659147A (en) * 1993-01-21 1997-08-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method of assembly of compacted fibers and explosive charge for effective dissemination

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3232553A (en) * 1963-08-01 1966-02-01 Indiana Steel & Wire Company I Apparatus for forming filamentary material into an annular bundle
US3300158A (en) * 1965-01-29 1967-01-24 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Wire coiling device
US3466210A (en) * 1966-01-10 1969-09-09 Richard C Wareham Method of forming a heat shrinkable tubular sleeve and bonding same to a tubular member
US3453959A (en) * 1967-08-08 1969-07-08 Goodyear Aerospace Corp Adjustable delay timer for explosive device
GB2089761B (en) * 1980-12-22 1984-09-12 British Aerospace Heat shrinking plastics member onto filament/resin composite
US5328494A (en) * 1992-04-08 1994-07-12 Davidson Textron Inc. Method of forming a preform by precoating glass fibers prior to chopping and preforming
JPH06190272A (ja) * 1992-12-25 1994-07-12 Nippon Soken Inc 繊維の充填方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1598423A (en) * 1967-11-03 1981-09-23 Gen Dynamics Corp Decoy round
US4261099A (en) * 1979-07-27 1981-04-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Method for making multi-element brushes
US5179778A (en) 1992-02-25 1993-01-19 Dickson Lawrence J Method and means for producing disks of tightly packed on-end aligned fibers
US5659147A (en) * 1993-01-21 1997-08-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method of assembly of compacted fibers and explosive charge for effective dissemination

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1371935B1 (de) 2002-06-12 2016-01-13 NEXTER Munitions Vorrichtung und Munition für den Schutz eines Fahrzeuges oder einer Plattform gegen Drohungen
EP1371934B1 (de) 2002-06-12 2016-01-13 NEXTER Munitions Maskierungsmunition
EP1371934B2 (de) † 2002-06-12 2022-08-31 NEXTER Munitions Maskierungsmunition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1072859B1 (de) 2003-01-08
US6381825B1 (en) 2002-05-07
DE60001129D1 (de) 2003-02-13
FR2797044A1 (fr) 2001-02-02
FR2797044B1 (fr) 2002-08-09
DE60001129T2 (de) 2003-07-24

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