EP1049855A1 - Method and device for additional thermal heating for motor vehicle equipped with pollution-free engine with additional compressed air injection - Google Patents

Method and device for additional thermal heating for motor vehicle equipped with pollution-free engine with additional compressed air injection

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Publication number
EP1049855A1
EP1049855A1 EP99902587A EP99902587A EP1049855A1 EP 1049855 A1 EP1049855 A1 EP 1049855A1 EP 99902587 A EP99902587 A EP 99902587A EP 99902587 A EP99902587 A EP 99902587A EP 1049855 A1 EP1049855 A1 EP 1049855A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thermal
compressed air
pressure
heater
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99902587A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1049855B1 (en
Inventor
Guy Zone Industrielle 3405 NEGRE
Cyril Zone Industrielle 3405 Negre
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MDI Motor Development International SA
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MDI Motor Development International SA
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Application filed by MDI Motor Development International SA filed Critical MDI Motor Development International SA
Priority to SI9930400T priority Critical patent/SI1049855T1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B17/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle
    • F01B17/02—Engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B17/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle
    • F01B17/02—Engines
    • F01B17/025—Engines using liquid air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G3/00—Combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G3/02—Combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants with reciprocating-piston engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to land vehicles and more particularly those equipped with depolluted or depolluting engines with independent or non-combustion chamber, operating with injection of additional compressed air, and comprising a high-pressure compressed air tank.
  • the fuel injector is no longer controlled; in this case, a small amount of additional compressed air is introduced into the combustion chamber, appreciably after the admission into the latter of the compressed mr - without fuel - coming from the suction and compression chamber coming from an external tank where the air is stored under high pressure, for example 200 bars, and at room temperature.
  • This small quantity of compressed air at room temperature will heat up in contact with the mass of high temperature air contained in the combustion or expansion chamber, will expand and increase the pressure prevailing in the chamber for allow to deliver during the expansion a motor work.
  • This type of dual-mode or dual-energy engine air and petrol or additional air and compressed air
  • the engine only works in single mode with compressed air injection
  • air drawn in by the engine can be filtered and purified through one or more carbon filters or other mechanical, chemical, molecular sieve, or other filters in order to produce a depolluting engine.
  • air in this text means "any non-polluting gas”.
  • the additional compressed air is injected into the combustion or expansion chamber under a working pressure determined as a function of the pressure prevailing in the chamber and significantly higher than the latter, to allow its transfer. for example 30 bars.
  • a regulator of the conventional type is used which performs a relaxation -without work not absorbing heat, therefore without lowering the temperature, thus making it possible to inject a relaxed air into the combustion or expansion chamber (at about 30 b.ars in our example) and at room temperature.
  • This additional compressed air injection process can also be used on conventional 2 or 4 stroke engines where said injection of additional compressed air is carried out in the combustion chamber of the engine substantially at top ignition dead center.
  • the process according to the invention proposes a solution which makes it possible to increase the amount of usable and available energy. It is characterized by the means used and more particularly by the fact that the compressed air, before its introduction into the combustion and / or expansion chamber, is candiized in a thermal heater where it will increase pressure and / or volume, thus considerably increasing the perfo ⁇ n - nces that can be achieved by the motor.
  • Another characteristic of the process according to the invention proposes a solution involving the process of recovering thermal energy which has just been described above, and which 3 possible to further increase the amount of usable and available energy *. It is characterized by the means used and more particularly by the fact that, the compressed air, after its passage in the air air heat exchanger and before its introduction into the combustion chamber is channeled into a thermal heater where it goes increase pressure and / or volume again before it is introduced into the combustion and / or expansion chamber, thereby considerably increasing the performance that can be achieved by the engine.
  • thermal heater has the advantage of being able to use clean continuous combustions which can be catalyzed or decontaminated by any known means. It can be powered by conventional fuel such as gasoline, propane butane gas or LPG or other, just as it can use chemical reactions and / or electrical energy to produce the heating of the compressed air which crosses.
  • Those skilled in the art can calculate the quantity of very high pressure air to be supplied to the work expansion system, as well as the characteristics and volumes of the latter in order to obtain the end of this work expansion and taking into account the reheating power, the selected end-use pressure and the coldest possible temperature, depending on the use of the engine. Electronic management of the parameters enables the quantities of compressed air used, recovered and heated to be optimized at all times. Those skilled in the art can also calculate the dimensioning and the characteristics of the thermal heater which can use any concept known in this field without changing the process of the invention.
  • the thermal heater which is used to heat compressed air coming from the high-pressure storage tank, through the ambient or non-ambient heat energy recovery system, is also used, independently or in combination with the two solutions described above that is to say directly from the storage tank or through the thermal energy recovery, for heating compressed Fair collected in the suction and compression chamber of the engine, thus increasing its pressure and / or its volume before reintroducing it into the combustion and / or expansion chamber to allow in the latter an increase in the pressure of the gases contained in said chamber before expansion in the expansion cylinder and exhaust which causes the engine time.
  • V ⁇ compressed which is sent to the thermal heater comes from the storage tank, from the device for recovering ambient thermal energy, from a sample in the suction and compression chamber separately or in combination, in proportions determined according to the Terms of use.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically, seen in cross section, a depolluted engine equipped with a thermal heating device 4
  • FIG. 2 shows, seen in cross section, a depolluted engine with recovery of ambient thermal energy equipped with a thermal heating device
  • FIG. 3 shows an engine equipped with a thermal heater in parallel with the air compressed by the compression suction chamber
  • FIG. 4 shows an engine combining the three solutions.
  • FIG. 1 represents, diagrammatically, seen in cross section, a depolluted engine and its compressed air supply installation, comprising a suction and compression chamber 1, a combustion or expansion chamber 2 at constant volume in which is located an additional air injector 22 supplied with compressed ah stored in a very high pressure tank 23 and an expansion and exhaust chamber 4.
  • the suction and compression chamber 1 is connected to the combustion chamber or expansion 2 by a duct 5, the opening and closing of which are controlled by a sealed flap 6.
  • the combustion or expansion chamber 2 is connected to the expansion and exhaust chamber 4 by a duct or transfer 7 whose opening and closing are controlled by a sealed flap 8.
  • the suction chamber and compression 1 is supplied with air via an intake duct 13 whose opening is controlled by a valve 14 and upstream of which a depolluting carbon filter is installed 24.
  • the suction and compression chamber 1 functions as a piston compressor assembly where a piston 9 sliding in a cylinder 10 is controlled by a connecting rod 11 and a crankshaft 12.
  • the expansion and exhaust chamber 4 controls a conventional assembly piston engine with a piston 15 sliding in a cylinder 16, which drives, via a connecting rod 17, the rotation of a crankshaft 18.
  • the relaxed Fair exhaust is effected through an exhaust duct 19 the opening of which is controlled by a valve 20.
  • the rotation of the crankshaft 12 of the suction and compression chamber 1 is controlled through a mechanical connection 21 by the engine crankshaft 18 of the expansion and exhaust chamber 4.
  • a thermal heater 56 consisting of burners 57 which will considerably increase the temperature and therefore the pressure and / or the volume of compressed Fair from the reservoir 23 (in the direction of the arrows F), during its passage in the exchange coil 58 to allow a considerable improvement in engine performance.
  • the engine is equipped in FIG. 2 with a device for recovering ambient thermal energy where the expansion with work of the high pressure compressed air stored in the reservoir 23 is carried out in a connecting rod 53 and working piston 54 directly coupled assembly. on the motor shaft 18.
  • This piston 54 slides in a blind cylinder 55 and determines a working chamber 35 into which opens, at one end, a high pressure air intake duct 37, of which 5 the opening and closing are controlled by a solenoid valve 38, and on the other hand an exhaust duct 39 connected to the air air heat exchanger or radiator 41 itself connected by a duct 42 to a buffer capacity to final pressure almost constant use 43.
  • F solenoid valve 38 is opened and closed ⁇ m to admit a charge of very high pressure compressed air which will relax by pushing the piston 54 to its bottom dead center and driving via the connecting rod 53 the engine crankshaft 18.
  • the exhaust solenoid valve 40 is then open and Fair compressed but relaxed and at very low temperature contained in the working chamber is discharged (in the direction of arrow F) in air exchanger or radiator 41. This air will thus air warm to a temperature close to ambient and increase in volume by joining the buffer capacity 43 having recovered a significant amount of energy in the atmosphere.
  • a thermal heater 56 consisting of burners 57 which will considerably increase the temperature and therefore the pressure and / or the volume of the compressed air from (in the direction of the arrows F) the air exchanger 41 when air passing through the exchange seipentin 58.
  • the thermal heater 56 is located bypassing the compression suction chamber 1 from which a portion of compressed tablet by the piston 9 is directed (in the direction of the arrows F) towards the thermal heater 56 and during its passage through the exchange coil 58 heated by the burners 57, it will increase in pressure and / or volume before being introduced into the buffer capacity 43 and being injected by the injector 22 in the combustion and / or expansion chamber 2.
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents a device combining the three devices described in FIGS. 1 and 2 and 3, the burners 57 of the thermal heater 56 simultaneously heat part of the air compressed by the piston 9 of the suction chamber and of compression 1 in an exchange coil 58 before propelling it into the buffer capacity 43 and the compressed air coming from the storage tank through the ambient heat energy recovery device and the air air exchanger 41.
  • the thermal heater 56 receives compressed air from the storage tank 23 by a conduit 37A, from the recovery device for ambient thermal energy 41 by another conduit 42 and from the suction and compression chamber 1 by a third conduit 42A; each of these conduits has a piloted control valve 59, 59A, 59B which makes it possible to determine the proportions of compressed air, from each source, to be heated according to the conditions of use
  • Control valves systems, ignition burner and adjustment of intensity of the burners are installed for heating more or less compressed air passing through the heating coil based on energy requirements for driving the vehicle and team. 6
  • the buffer capacity 43 disposed between the thermal heater 56 and the injector 22 can advantageously be insulated by an insulating envelope 43A, of materials known for this purpose, in order to allow the calories accumulated in the thermal heater 56 to be kept compressed. 'be injected into the room.
  • insulating envelope 43A of materials known for this purpose, in order to allow the calories accumulated in the thermal heater 56 to be kept compressed. 'be injected into the room.
  • Those skilled in the art can choose the volume of the buffer capacity 43 and the heat-insulating material as well as the pipes and various conduits can also be heat-insulating without changing the invention which has just been described.

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for additional thermal heating for motor vehicle equipped with pollution-free engine operating with additional compressed air injection into the combustion chamber (2) and having a high pressure compressed air storage reservoir (23). The high pressure compressed air contained in the reservoir is previously to its final use at a lower pressure, directed towards a thermal heater (56) to increase its pressure and/or volume before it is injected into the combustion or expansion chamber (2). The invention is applicable to all engines equipped with compressed air injection.

Description

PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF DE RECHAUFFAGE THERMIQUE ADDITIONNEL POUR VEHICULE EQUIPE DE MOTEUR DEPOLLUE A INJECTION D' AIR CO1VIPRIME ADDITIONNEL ADDITIONAL THERMAL HEATING PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH ADDITIONAL CO-VIPRIME AIR INJECTION ENGINE
L'invention concerne les véhicules terrestres et plus particulièrement ceux équipés avec des moteurs dépollués ou dépolluants à chambre de combustion indépendante ou non, fonctionnant avec injection d'air comprimé additionnel, et comportant un réservoir d'air comprimé haute pression.The invention relates to land vehicles and more particularly those equipped with depolluted or depolluting engines with independent or non-combustion chamber, operating with injection of additional compressed air, and comprising a high-pressure compressed air tank.
L'auteur a décrit dans sa demande de brevet publié WO 96/27737 un procédé de dépollution de moteur à chambre de combustion externe indépendante, fonctionnant suivant un principe bi-modes à deux types d'énergie, utilisant soit un carburant conventionnel tel essence ou gasoil sur route (fonctionnement mono-mode à .air-carbur.ant), soit, à basse vitesse, notamment en zone urbaine et suburbaine, une addition d'air comprimé dans la chambre de combustion (ou tout autre gaz non polluant) à l'exclusion de tout autre carburant, (fonctionnement mono-mode à air, c'est-à-dire avec addition d'air comprimé). Dans sa demande de brevet FR 9607714, Fauteur a décrit l'installation de ce type de moteur en fonctionnement mono-mode, avec addition d'air comprimé, sur les véhicules de services, par exemple des autobus urbains.The author described in his published patent application WO 96/27737 a method for depolluting an engine with an independent external combustion chamber, operating according to a dual-mode principle with two types of energy, using either a conventional fuel such as petrol or diesel on the road (single-mode operation at .air-carburant), or, at low speed, especially in urban and suburban areas, an addition of compressed air in the combustion chamber (or any other non-polluting gas) at the exclusion of any other fuel, (single-mode operation with air, that is to say with the addition of compressed air). In his patent application FR 9607714, Fauteur described the installation of this type of engine in single-mode operation, with the addition of compressed air, on service vehicles, for example city buses.
Dans ce type de moteur, en mode air-carburant, le mélange air carburant e.st aspiré et comprimé dans une chambre d'aspiration et de compression indépendante. Puis ce mélange est transféré, toujours en pression, dans une chambre de combustion indépendante et à volume constant pour y être enflammé afin d'augmenter la température et la pression dudit mélange. Après l'ouverture d'un transfert reliant ladite chambre de combustion ou d'expansion à une chambre de détente et d'échappement, ce mélange sera détendu dans cette dernière pour y produire un travail.In this type of engine, in air-fuel mode, the air fuel mixture is sucked and compressed in an independent suction and compression chamber. Then this mixture is transferred, still under pressure, to an independent combustion chamber and at constant volume to be ignited in order to increase the temperature and the pressure of said mixture. After the opening of a transfer connecting said combustion or expansion chamber to an expansion and exhaust chamber, this mixture will be expanded in the latter to produce work there.
Les gaz détendus sont ensuite évacués à l'atmosphère à travers un conduit d'échappement. En fonctionnement à air plus air comprimé additionnel qui nous intéresse plus paiticulièrement dans le cadre de l'invention, à faible puissance, l'injecteur de carburant n'est plus commandé ; dans ce cas, l'on introduit dans la chambre de combustion, sensiblement après l'admission dans cette dernière de l'mr comprimé -sans carburant- provenant de la chambre d'aspiration et de compression, une petite quantité d'air comprimé additionnel provenant d'un réservoir externe où l'air est stocké sous haute pression, par exemple 200 bars, et à la température ambiante. Cette petite quantité d'air comprimé à température ambiante va s'échauffer au contact de la masse d'air à haute température contenue dans la ch-αnbre de combustion ou d'expansion, va se dilater et augmenter la pression régnant dans la chambre pour permettre de délivrer lors de la détente un travail moteur. Ce type de moteur bi-modes ou bi-énergies (air et essence ou air et air comprimé additionnel) peut également être modifié pour une utilisation préférentielle en ville par exemple sur tous véhicules et plus paiticulièrement sur des autobus urbains ou autres véhicules de services 2The expanded gases are then discharged to the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe. In operation with additional compressed air plus air which interests us more particularly in the context of the invention, at low power, the fuel injector is no longer controlled; in this case, a small amount of additional compressed air is introduced into the combustion chamber, appreciably after the admission into the latter of the compressed mr - without fuel - coming from the suction and compression chamber coming from an external tank where the air is stored under high pressure, for example 200 bars, and at room temperature. This small quantity of compressed air at room temperature will heat up in contact with the mass of high temperature air contained in the combustion or expansion chamber, will expand and increase the pressure prevailing in the chamber for allow to deliver during the expansion a motor work. This type of dual-mode or dual-energy engine (air and petrol or additional air and compressed air) can also be modified for preferential use in the city, for example on all vehicles and more particularly on city buses or other service vehicles. 2
(taxis bennes à ordures etc.), en mono-mode air-air comprimé additionnel, par suppression de tous les éléments de fonctionnement du moteur avec le carburant traditionnel.(refuse collection taxis etc.), in additional single air-compressed air mode, by eliminating all the engine operating elements with traditional fuel.
Le moteur fonctionne seulement en mono-mode avec l'injection d'air compriméThe engine only works in single mode with compressed air injection
.additionnel dans la chambre de combustion qui devient ainsi une chambre d'expansion. En outre, l'air aspiré par le moteur peut être filtré et purifié à travers un ou plusieurs filtres à charbon ou autre procédé mécanique, chimique, tamis moléculaire, ou autres filtres afin de réaliser un moteur dépolluant. L'emploi du terme « air » dans le présent texte s'entend « tout g.az non polluant »..additional in the combustion chamber which thus becomes an expansion chamber. In addition, the air drawn in by the engine can be filtered and purified through one or more carbon filters or other mechanical, chemical, molecular sieve, or other filters in order to produce a depolluting engine. The use of the term "air" in this text means "any non-polluting gas".
Dans ce type de moteur, l'air comprimé additionnel est injecté dans la chambre de combustion ou d'expansion sous une pression d'utilisation déterminée en fonction de la pression régnant dans la chambre et sensiblement plus élevée que cette dernière, pour permettre son transfert par exemple 30 bars. Pour ce faire il est utilisé un détendeur de type conventionnel qui effectue une détente -ans travail n'absorbant pas de chaleur, donc sans abaissement de température permettant ainsi d'injecter dans la chambre de combustion ou d'expansion un air détendu (au environ de 30 b.ars dans notre exemple) et à température ambiante. Ce procédé d'injection d'air comprimé -additionnel peut également être utilisé sur des moteurs conventionnels 2 ou 4 temps où ladite injection d'.air comprimé additionnel est effectuée dans la chambre de combustion du moteur sensiblement au point mort haut allumage.In this type of engine, the additional compressed air is injected into the combustion or expansion chamber under a working pressure determined as a function of the pressure prevailing in the chamber and significantly higher than the latter, to allow its transfer. for example 30 bars. To do this, a regulator of the conventional type is used which performs a relaxation -without work not absorbing heat, therefore without lowering the temperature, thus making it possible to inject a relaxed air into the combustion or expansion chamber (at about 30 b.ars in our example) and at room temperature. This additional compressed air injection process can also be used on conventional 2 or 4 stroke engines where said injection of additional compressed air is carried out in the combustion chamber of the engine substantially at top ignition dead center.
Le procédé suivant l'invention, propo.se une solution qui permet d'augmenter la quantité d'énergie utilisable et disponible. Il est caractérisé par les moyens mis en oeuvre et plus particulièrement par le fait que l'air compiimé, avant son introduction d - ans la chambre de combu^on et/ou d'expansion, est candiisé dans un réchauffeur thermique où il va augmenter de pression et/ou de volume, augmentant ainsi considérablement les perfoπn--nces pouvant être réalisées par le moteur.The process according to the invention proposes a solution which makes it possible to increase the amount of usable and available energy. It is characterized by the means used and more particularly by the fact that the compressed air, before its introduction into the combustion and / or expansion chamber, is candiized in a thermal heater where it will increase pressure and / or volume, thus considerably increasing the perfoπn - nces that can be achieved by the motor.
L'auteur a également décrit dans sa demande de brevet Nr 9700851 un procédé de récupération d'énergie thermique environnante pour ce type de moteur où l'air comprimé contenuThe author also described in his patent application Nr 9700851 a process for recovering surrounding thermal energy for this type of engine where the compressed air contained
-lans le réservoir de stockage sous très haute pression, par exemple 200 bars, et à température ambiante, par exemple 20 degrés, préalablement à son utilisation finale à une pression inférieure par exemple 30 bars, est détendu à une pression proche de celle nécessaire à son utilisation .finale, dans un sy.stème à volume variable, par exemple un piston dans un cylindre, produisant un travail qui peut être récupéré et utilisé -pm tous moyens connus, mécanique, électrique, hydraulique ou autre. Cette détente avec trav.ail a pour conséquence de refroidir à très basse température, par exemple moins 100° C, l'air comprimé détendu à une pression proche de celle d'utilisation. Cet air comprimé détendu à sa pression d'utilisation, et à très basse température est ensuite envoyé dans un échangeur avec l'air ambiant, va se réch-auffer jusqu'à une température proche de la température ambiante, et va augmenter .ainsi sa pression et/ou son volume, en récupérant de l'énergie thermique empruntée à l'atmosphère.-in the storage tank under very high pressure, for example 200 bars, and at room temperature, for example 20 degrees, prior to its final use at a lower pressure for example 30 bars, is expanded to a pressure close to that necessary for its final use in a variable volume system, for example a piston in a cylinder, producing work which can be recovered and used -pm by all known means, mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or other. This expansion with work has the consequence of cooling at very low temperature, for example minus 100 ° C, the compressed compressed air to a pressure close to that of use. This compressed air expanded to its operating pressure, and at a very low temperature, is then sent to an exchanger with the ambient air, will reheat to a temperature close to ambient temperature, and will increase. pressure and / or its volume, recovering thermal energy borrowed from the atmosphere.
Une autre caractéristique du procédé suivant l'invention, propose une solution faisant intervenir le procédé de récupération d'énergie thermique qui vient d'être décrit ci-dessus, et qui 3 permet d'augmenter encore la quantité d*énergie utilisable et disponible. Il est caractérisé par les moyens mis en oeuvre et plus particulièrement par le fait que, l'air comprimé, après son passage dans l'échangeur thermique air air et avant son introduction dans la chambre de combustion est canalisé dans un réchauffeur thermique où il va augmenter à nouveau de pression et/ou de volume avant son introduction dans la chambre de combustion et/ou d'expansion, augmentant ainsi considérablement les performances pouvant être réalisées par le moteur.Another characteristic of the process according to the invention proposes a solution involving the process of recovering thermal energy which has just been described above, and which 3 possible to further increase the amount of usable and available energy *. It is characterized by the means used and more particularly by the fact that, the compressed air, after its passage in the air air heat exchanger and before its introduction into the combustion chamber is channeled into a thermal heater where it goes increase pressure and / or volume again before it is introduced into the combustion and / or expansion chamber, thereby considerably increasing the performance that can be achieved by the engine.
L'utilisation d'un réchauffeur thermique présente l'avantage de pouvoir utiliser des combustions continues propres qui peuvent être catalysées ou dépolluées par tous moyens connus. il peut être alimenté par un carburant conventionnel tel que essence gazole, gaz butane propane ou GPL ou autre, de même qu'il peut utiliser des réactions chimiques et/ou de l'énergie électrique pour produire le réchauffage de l'air comprimé qui le traverse.The use of a thermal heater has the advantage of being able to use clean continuous combustions which can be catalyzed or decontaminated by any known means. it can be powered by conventional fuel such as gasoline, propane butane gas or LPG or other, just as it can use chemical reactions and / or electrical energy to produce the heating of the compressed air which crosses.
L'homme de l'art peut calculer la quantité d'air très haute pression à fournir au système de détente avec travail, de même que les caractéristiques et volumes de ce dernier afin d'obtenir en fin de cette détente avec travail et compte tenu de la puissance de réchauffage, la pression d'utilisation finale choisie et la température la plus froide possible et ce, en fonction de l'utilisation du moteur. Une gestion électronique des paramètres permet d'optimiser à tous moments les quantités d'air comprimé utilisées , récupérées et réchauffées. L'homme de Fart peut également calculer le dimensionnement et les caractéristiques du réchauffeur thermique qui peut utiliser tous concepts connus dans ce domaine sans changer le procédé de l'invention. Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le réchauffeur thermique qui est utilisé pour réchauffer de l'air comprimé provenant du réservoir de stockage haute pression, à travers le système de récupération d'énergie thermique ambiante ou non, est également utilisé, indépendamment ou en combinaison avec les deux solutions décrites ci-dessus c'est-à-dire directement du réservoir de stockage ou à travers le récupérateur d'énergie thermique, pour réchauffer de Fair comprimé prélevé dans la chambre d'aspiration et de compression du moteur, augmentant ainsi sa pression et/ou son volume avant de le réintroduire dans la chambre de combustion et ou d'expansion pour permettre dans cette dernière un accroissement de la pression des gaz contenus dans ladite chambre avant la détente dans le cylindre de détente et d'échappement qui provoque le temps moteur. Vεάτ comprimé qui est envoyé dans le réchauffeur thermique provient du réservoir de stockage, du dispositif de récupération d' énergie thermique ambiante, d'un prélèvement dans la chambre d'aspiration et de compression séparément ou en combinaison, dans des proportions déterminées en fonction des conditions d'utilisation.Those skilled in the art can calculate the quantity of very high pressure air to be supplied to the work expansion system, as well as the characteristics and volumes of the latter in order to obtain the end of this work expansion and taking into account the reheating power, the selected end-use pressure and the coldest possible temperature, depending on the use of the engine. Electronic management of the parameters enables the quantities of compressed air used, recovered and heated to be optimized at all times. Those skilled in the art can also calculate the dimensioning and the characteristics of the thermal heater which can use any concept known in this field without changing the process of the invention. According to another characteristic of the invention, the thermal heater which is used to heat compressed air coming from the high-pressure storage tank, through the ambient or non-ambient heat energy recovery system, is also used, independently or in combination with the two solutions described above that is to say directly from the storage tank or through the thermal energy recovery, for heating compressed Fair collected in the suction and compression chamber of the engine, thus increasing its pressure and / or its volume before reintroducing it into the combustion and / or expansion chamber to allow in the latter an increase in the pressure of the gases contained in said chamber before expansion in the expansion cylinder and exhaust which causes the engine time. Vεάτ compressed which is sent to the thermal heater comes from the storage tank, from the device for recovering ambient thermal energy, from a sample in the suction and compression chamber separately or in combination, in proportions determined according to the Terms of use.
D'autres buts, avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtrons à la lecture de la description à titre non hmitatif de plusieurs modes de réalisations particulières faites en regard des dessins annexés où:Other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the description, without implication, of several particular embodiments made with reference to the appended drawings where:
- La figure 1 représente schématiquement, vu en coupe transversale, un moteur dépollué équipé d'un dispositif de réchauffage thermique 4- Figure 1 shows schematically, seen in cross section, a depolluted engine equipped with a thermal heating device 4
- La figure 2 représente, vu en coupe transversale, un moteur dépollué avec récupération d'énergie thermique ambiante équipé d'un dispositif de réchauffage thermique- Figure 2 shows, seen in cross section, a depolluted engine with recovery of ambient thermal energy equipped with a thermal heating device
- La figure 3 représente, un moteur équipé d'un réchauffeur thermique en dérivation sur l'air comprimé par la chambre d'aspiration compression - La figure 4 représente un moteur combinant les trois solutions.- Figure 3 shows an engine equipped with a thermal heater in parallel with the air compressed by the compression suction chamber - Figure 4 shows an engine combining the three solutions.
La figure 1 représente, schématiquement, vu en coupe transversale, un moteur dépollué et son installation d'alimentation en air comprimé, comportant une chambre d'aspiration et de compression 1, une chambre de combustion ou d'expansion 2 à volume constant dans laquelle est implanté un injecteur d'air additionnel 22 alimenté en ah- comprimé stocké dans un réservoir très haute pression 23 et une chambre de détente et d'échappement 4. La chambre d'aspiration et de compression 1 est reliée à la chambre de combustion ou d'expansion 2 par un conduit 5 dont l'ouverture et la fermeture sont commandées par un volet étanche 6. La chambre de combustion ou d'expansion 2 est reliée à la chambre de détente et d'échappement 4 par un conduit ou transfert 7 dont l'ouverture et la fermeture sont commandées par un volet étanche 8. La chambre d'aspiration et de compression 1 est alimentée en air par un conduit d'admission 13 dont l'ouverture est commandée par une soupape 14 et en amont duquel est implanté un filtre à charbon dépolluant 24.FIG. 1 represents, diagrammatically, seen in cross section, a depolluted engine and its compressed air supply installation, comprising a suction and compression chamber 1, a combustion or expansion chamber 2 at constant volume in which is located an additional air injector 22 supplied with compressed ah stored in a very high pressure tank 23 and an expansion and exhaust chamber 4. The suction and compression chamber 1 is connected to the combustion chamber or expansion 2 by a duct 5, the opening and closing of which are controlled by a sealed flap 6. The combustion or expansion chamber 2 is connected to the expansion and exhaust chamber 4 by a duct or transfer 7 whose opening and closing are controlled by a sealed flap 8. the suction chamber and compression 1 is supplied with air via an intake duct 13 whose opening is controlled by a valve 14 and upstream of which a depolluting carbon filter is installed 24.
La chambre d'aspiration et de compression 1 fonctionne comme un ensemble de compresseur à piston où un piston 9 coulissant dans un cylindre 10 est commandé par une bielle 11 et un vilebrequin 12. La chambre de détente et d'échappement 4 commande un ensemble classique de moteur à piston avec un piston 15 coulissant dans un cylindre 16, qui entraîne par l'intermédiaire d'une bielle 17 la rotation d'un vilebrequin 18. L'échappement de Fair détendu s'effectuant à travers un conduit d'échappement 19 dont l'ouverture est commandée par une soupape 20. La rotation du vilebrequin 12 de la chambre d'aspiration et de compression 1 est commandée à travers une liaison mécanique 21 par le vilebrequin moteur 18 de la chambre de détente et d'échappement 4.The suction and compression chamber 1 functions as a piston compressor assembly where a piston 9 sliding in a cylinder 10 is controlled by a connecting rod 11 and a crankshaft 12. The expansion and exhaust chamber 4 controls a conventional assembly piston engine with a piston 15 sliding in a cylinder 16, which drives, via a connecting rod 17, the rotation of a crankshaft 18. The relaxed Fair exhaust is effected through an exhaust duct 19 the opening of which is controlled by a valve 20. The rotation of the crankshaft 12 of the suction and compression chamber 1 is controlled through a mechanical connection 21 by the engine crankshaft 18 of the expansion and exhaust chamber 4.
Selon l'invention, entre le réservoir de stockage haute pression 23 et une capacité tampon à pression finale d'utilisation quasi constante 43, est implanté sur le conduit 37A un réchauffeur thermique 56, constitué de brûleurs 57 qui vont augmenter considérablement la température et donc la pression et/ou le volume de Fair comprimé en provenance du réservoir 23 (selon le sens des flèches F), lors de son passage dans le serpentin d'échange 58 pour permettre une amélioration considérable des performances du moteur.According to the invention, between the high pressure storage tank 23 and a buffer capacity at final pressure of almost constant use 43, is installed on the pipe 37A a thermal heater 56, consisting of burners 57 which will considerably increase the temperature and therefore the pressure and / or the volume of compressed Fair from the reservoir 23 (in the direction of the arrows F), during its passage in the exchange coil 58 to allow a considerable improvement in engine performance.
Le moteur est équipé sur la figure 2 d'un dispositif de récupération d'énergie thermique ambiante où la détente avec travail de l'air comprimé haute pression stocké dans le réservoir 23 est réalisée dans un ensemble bielle 53 et piston de travail 54 attelé directement sur l'arbre moteur 18. Ce piston 54 coulisse dans un cylindre borgne 55 et détermine une chambre de travail 35 dans laquelle débouche d'une p.art un conduit d'admission d'air haute pression 37 dont 5 l'ouverture et la fermeture sont comm.andées par une électrovanne 38, et d'autre part un conduit d'échappement 39 relié à l'échangeur thermique air air ou radiateur 41 lui-même relié par un conduit 42 à une capacité tampon à pression finale d'utilisation quasi constante 43. Lors du fonctionnement lorsque le piston de travail 54 est à son point mort haut, F électrovanne 38 est ouverte puis refermée εάm d'admettre une charge d'air comprimé très haute pression qui va se détendre en repoussant le piston 54 jusqu'à son point mort bas et entraîner par l'intermédiaire de la bielle 53 le vilebrequin moteur 18. Lors de la course de remontée du piston 54, Félectrovanne d'échappement 40 est alors ouverte et Fair comprimé mais détendu et à très basse température contenu dans la chambre de travail est refoulé (selon le sens de la flèche F) dans l'échangeur air air ou radiateur 41. Cet air va ainsi se réchauffer jusqu'à une température proche de l'ambiante et augmenter de volume en rejoignant la capacité tampon 43 en ayant récupéré une quantité d'énergie non négligeable dans l'atmosphère.The engine is equipped in FIG. 2 with a device for recovering ambient thermal energy where the expansion with work of the high pressure compressed air stored in the reservoir 23 is carried out in a connecting rod 53 and working piston 54 directly coupled assembly. on the motor shaft 18. This piston 54 slides in a blind cylinder 55 and determines a working chamber 35 into which opens, at one end, a high pressure air intake duct 37, of which 5 the opening and closing are controlled by a solenoid valve 38, and on the other hand an exhaust duct 39 connected to the air air heat exchanger or radiator 41 itself connected by a duct 42 to a buffer capacity to final pressure almost constant use 43. During operation when the working piston 54 is at its top dead center, F solenoid valve 38 is opened and closed εάm to admit a charge of very high pressure compressed air which will relax by pushing the piston 54 to its bottom dead center and driving via the connecting rod 53 the engine crankshaft 18. During the up stroke of the piston 54, the exhaust solenoid valve 40 is then open and Fair compressed but relaxed and at very low temperature contained in the working chamber is discharged (in the direction of arrow F) in air exchanger or radiator 41. This air will thus air warm to a temperature close to ambient and increase in volume by joining the buffer capacity 43 having recovered a significant amount of energy in the atmosphere.
Selon l'invention, entre l'échangeur air air 41 et la capacité tampon 43, sur le conduit 42 A est implanté un réchauffeur thermique 56, constitué de brûleurs 57 qui vont augmenter considérablement la température et donc la pression et/ou le volume de l'air comprimé en provenance (selon le sens des flèches F) de l'échangeur air air 41 lors de son passage dans le seipentin d'échange 58.According to the invention, between the air air exchanger 41 and the buffer capacity 43, on the duct 42 A is installed a thermal heater 56, consisting of burners 57 which will considerably increase the temperature and therefore the pressure and / or the volume of the compressed air from (in the direction of the arrows F) the air exchanger 41 when air passing through the exchange seipentin 58.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, Figure 3, le réchauffeur thermique 56 est implanté en dérivation de la chambre d'aspiration compression 1 d'où une p.artie de Fair de comprimé par le piston 9 est dirigé (selon le sens des flèches F) vers le réchauffeur thermique 56 et lors de son passage dans le serpentin d'échange 58 réchauffé par les brûleurs 57, il va augmenter de pression et/ou de volume avant d'être introduit dans la capacité tampon 43 et d'être injecté par Finjecteur 22 dans la chambre de combustion et/ou d'expansion 2.According to a characteristic of the invention, Figure 3, the thermal heater 56 is located bypassing the compression suction chamber 1 from which a portion of compressed tablet by the piston 9 is directed (in the direction of the arrows F) towards the thermal heater 56 and during its passage through the exchange coil 58 heated by the burners 57, it will increase in pressure and / or volume before being introduced into the buffer capacity 43 and being injected by the injector 22 in the combustion and / or expansion chamber 2.
La figure 4 représente vue schématiquement un dispositif combinant les trois dispositifs décrits sur les figures 1 et 2 et 3, les brûleurs 57 du réchauffeur thermique 56 réchauffent simultanément une partie de l'air comprimé par le piston 9 de la chambre d'aspiration et de compression 1 dans un serpentin d'échange 58 avant de le propulser dans la capacité tampon 43 et l'air comprimé provenant du réservoir de stockage à travers le dispositif de récupération d'énergie thermique ambiante et l'échangeur air air 41. Le réchauffeur thermique 56 reçoit de l'air comprimé provenant du réservoir de stockage 23 par un conduit 37A, provenant du dispositif de récupération d'énergie thermique ambiante 41 par un autre conduit 42 et provenant de la chambre d'aspiration et de compression 1 par un troisième conduit 42A; chacun de ces conduits comporte une vanne de régulation 59,59A,59B pilotée qui permet de déterminer les proportions d'air comprimé, de chaque provenance, à réchauffer en fonction des conditions d'utilisationFIG. 4 schematically represents a device combining the three devices described in FIGS. 1 and 2 and 3, the burners 57 of the thermal heater 56 simultaneously heat part of the air compressed by the piston 9 of the suction chamber and of compression 1 in an exchange coil 58 before propelling it into the buffer capacity 43 and the compressed air coming from the storage tank through the ambient heat energy recovery device and the air air exchanger 41. The thermal heater 56 receives compressed air from the storage tank 23 by a conduit 37A, from the recovery device for ambient thermal energy 41 by another conduit 42 and from the suction and compression chamber 1 by a third conduit 42A; each of these conduits has a piloted control valve 59, 59A, 59B which makes it possible to determine the proportions of compressed air, from each source, to be heated according to the conditions of use
Des systèmes de clapets de régulation, d'allumage des brûleurs et de réglage d'intensité des brûleurs sont installés pour réchauffer plus ou moins l'air comprimé qui traverse le serpentin de réchauffage en fonction des besoins d'énergie pour la conduite du véhicule ainsi équipé. 6Control valves systems, ignition burner and adjustment of intensity of the burners are installed for heating more or less compressed air passing through the heating coil based on energy requirements for driving the vehicle and team. 6
La capacité tampon 43 disposée entre le réchauffeur thermique 56 et l'injecteur 22 peut être avantageusement calorifugée par une enveloppe isolante 43A, de matériaux connus pour ce faire, afin de permettre de conserver à Faix comprimé les calories accumulées dans le réchauffeur thermique 56 avant d'être injecté dans la chambre. L'homme de l'art peut choisir le volume de la capacité tampon 43 et le matériaux calorifuge de même que les canalisations et divers conduits peuvent être également calorifuges sans changer pour cela l'invention qui vient d'être décrite.The buffer capacity 43 disposed between the thermal heater 56 and the injector 22 can advantageously be insulated by an insulating envelope 43A, of materials known for this purpose, in order to allow the calories accumulated in the thermal heater 56 to be kept compressed. 'be injected into the room. Those skilled in the art can choose the volume of the buffer capacity 43 and the heat-insulating material as well as the pipes and various conduits can also be heat-insulating without changing the invention which has just been described.
Bien entendu l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrites et représentées, et elle est susceptible de nombreuses variantes accessibles à l'homme de l'art sans que l'on ne s'écarte de l'esprit de l'invention. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown, and it is capable of numerous variants accessible to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims

7REVENDICATIONS 7 CLAIMS
1.- Procédé de réch.auffage theimique pour moteurs ou véhicules équipés de moteurs dépollués ou dépolluants fonctionnant avec injection d'air additionnel dans la chambre de combustion ou d'expansion et ayant un réservoir de stockage d'air comprimé haute pression, caractérisé en ce que l'air comprimé contenu dans le réservoir de stockage haute pression est, préalablement à son utilisation finale, à pression inférieure, dirigé vers un réchauffeur thermique pour permettre d'augmenter sa pression et/ou son volume avant son injection dans la chambre de combustion ou d'expansion. 1.- Theoretical reheating process for engines or vehicles equipped with depolluted or depolluting engines operating with injection of additional air into the combustion or expansion chamber and having a high pressure compressed air storage tank, characterized in that the compressed air contained in the high-pressure storage tank is, before its final use, at lower pressure, directed towards a thermal heater to allow its pressure and / or its volume to be increased before its injection into the combustion or expansion.
2.- Procédé de réchauffage thermique selon la revendication 1 dans lequel l'air comprimé contenu dans le réservoir de stockage haute pression est , préalablement à son introduction dans le réchauffeur thermique à pression inférieure, détendu à une pression proche de cette pression, dans un système à volume variable, par exemple un piston dans un cylindre, produisant un travail qui a pour conséquence de refroidir à basse température Fair comprimé ainsi détendu qui est ensuite envoyé dans un échangeur thermique pour .se réchauffer, et augmenter ainsi sa pression et/ou son volume par récupération d'un apport d'énergie thermique ambiante2. A method of thermal heating according to claim 1 in which the compressed air contained in the high pressure storage tank is, prior to its introduction into the thermal heater at lower pressure, expanded to a pressure close to this pressure, in a variable volume system, for example a piston in a cylinder, producing a work which has the consequence of cooling at low temperature Fair compressed thus relaxed which is then sent in a heat exchanger to heat up, and thus increase its pressure and / or its volume by recovering an ambient thermal energy supply
3.- Procédé de réchauffage thermique pour moteurs ou véhicules équipés de moteurs dépollués ou dépolluants fonctionnant avec injection d'air additionnel dans la chambre de combustion ou d'expansion, caractérisé en ce que de l'air comprimé est prélevé dans la chambre d'aspiration et de compression en fin de compression pour être dirigé vers un réchauffeur theimique afin de permettre d'augmenter sa pression et/ou son volume avant d'être injecté dans la chambre de combustion ou d'expansion.3.- Method of thermal reheating for engines or vehicles equipped with depolluted or depolluting engines operating with injection of additional air into the combustion or expansion chamber, characterized in that compressed air is taken from the suction and compression at the end of compression to be directed to a theoretical heater in order to allow its pressure and / or its volume to be increased before being injected into the combustion or expansion chamber.
4.- Procédé de réchauffage theimique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 caractérisé en ce que l'air comprimé qui est envoyé dans le réchauffeur theimique provient du réservoir de stockage, du dispositif de récupération d'énergie thermique ambiante, d'un prélèvement dans la chambre d'aspiration et de compression séparément ou en combinaison, dans des proportions déterminées en fonction des conditions d'utilisation.4.- Theimical reheating method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the compressed air which is sent to the theimic heater comes from the storage tank, from the device for recovering ambient thermal energy, from a sample from the suction and compression chamber separately or in combination, in proportions determined according to the conditions of use.
5.- Diφositif de réchauffage thermique pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que un réchauffeur theimique (56), constitué d'un brûleur (57) alimenté par un carburant et d'un serpentin d'échange thermique (58), est positionné entre le réservoir de stockage (23) et Finjecteur d'air comprimé additionnel (22), le brûleur (57) ven.ant réchauffer l'air provenant du réservoir de stockage, lors de son passage à travers le serpentin (58) pour augmenter sa pression et/ou son volume avant son injection dans la chambre de combustion ou d'expansion (2) , une capacité tampon (43) positionnée entre le réchauffeur theimique et Finjecteur (22) d'air comprimé additionnel permettant de régul.ariser et d'éviter des effets de pompage avant ladite injection.5. Diφositif thermal reheating for the implementation of the method according to claim 1, characterized in that a theoretical heater (56), consisting of a burner (57) supplied by a fuel and an exchange coil thermal (58), is positioned between the storage tank (23) and the additional compressed air injector (22), the burner (57) coming to heat the air coming from the storage tank, during its passage through the coil (58) to increase its pressure and / or its volume before its injection into the combustion or expansion chamber (2), a buffer capacity (43) positioned between the theoretical heater and the injector (22) of compressed air additional to regulate and avoid pumping effects before said injection.
6.- Dispositif de réchauffage thermique .selon la revendication 5 pour le mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le réchauffeur theimique (56) est positionné 8 sur un conduit (42) entre l'éch.angeur thermique air air ou radiateur (41) du dispositif de récupération d'énergie thermique .ambiante et la capacité tampon (43), avant son injection dans la chambre de combustion ou d'expansion (2). 6.- thermal reheating device. As claimed in claim 5 for implementing the method according to claim 2, characterized in that the theoretical heater (56) is positioned 8 on a conduit (42) between the air air heat exchanger or radiator (41) of the ambient heat energy recovery device and the buffer tank (43), before its injection into the combustion or expansion (2).
7.- Dispositif de réchauffage thermique selon la revendication 5 pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur thermique (56) est positionné entre la chambre d'aspiration et de compression 1 du moteur et la capacité tampon (43) sur un circuit dérivé constitué d'un conduit (42) dans lequel lé débit est contrôlé par une vanne (59) qui permet de prélever de Fair comprimé en fin de compression pour être dirigé vers le réchauffeur thermique afin d'augmenter sa pression et/ou son volume avant d'être injecté dans la chambre de combustion ou d'expansion.7. A thermal heating device according to claim 5 for implementing the method according to claim 3 characterized in that the heat exchanger (56) is positioned between the suction and compression chamber 1 of the engine and the capacity buffer (43) on a derivative circuit consisting of a conduit (42) in which the flow is controlled by a valve (59) which makes it possible to take compressed compressed at the end of compression to be directed towards the thermal heater in order to increase its pressure and / or its volume before being injected into the combustion or expansion chamber.
8.- Dispositif de réchauffage thermique selon la revendication 5 pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que le réchauffeur thermique (56) reçoit de l'air comprimé provenant du réservoir de stockage (23) par un conduit (37A), provenant du dispositif de récupération d'énergie thermique ambiante (41) par un autre conduit (42) et provenant de la chambre d'aspiration et de compression (1) par un troisième conduit (42A), et caractérisé en ce que chacun de ces conduits comporte une vanne de régulation(59,59A,59B) pilotée qui permet de déterminer les proportions d'air comprimé, de chaque provenance, à réchauffer en fonction des conditions d'utilisation 9.- Dispositif de réchauffage thermique selon la revendication 5 caractérisé en ce que la capacité tampon disposée entre le réchauffeur thermique (56) et Finjecteur (22) est calorifuge par une enveloppe (43A) pour permettre de conserver les calories accumulées dans le réchauffeur thermique. 8.- A thermal heating device according to claim 5 for implementing the method according to claim 4 characterized in that the thermal heater (56) receives compressed air from the storage tank (23) through a conduit ( 37A), coming from the ambient thermal energy recovery device (41) by another pipe (42) and coming from the suction and compression chamber (1) by a third pipe (42A), and characterized in that each of these conduits comprises a piloted control valve (59,59A, 59B) which makes it possible to determine the proportions of compressed air, from each source, to be heated according to the conditions of use 9.- Thermal heating device according to the claim 5 characterized in that the buffer capacity disposed between the thermal heater (56) and the injector (22) is insulated by an envelope (43A) to allow the calories accumulated in the heater to be kept thermal.
EP99902587A 1998-01-22 1999-01-22 Method and device for additional thermal heating for motor vehicle equipped with pollution-free engine with additional compressed air injection Expired - Lifetime EP1049855B1 (en)

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FR9800877 1998-01-22
FR9800877A FR2773849B1 (en) 1998-01-22 1998-01-22 ADDITIONAL THERMAL HEATING METHOD AND DEVICE FOR VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH ADDITIONAL COMPRESSED AIR INJECTION ENGINE
PCT/FR1999/000126 WO1999037885A1 (en) 1998-01-22 1999-01-22 Method and device for additional thermal heating for motor vehicle equipped with pollution-free engine with additional compressed air injection

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PT1049855E (en) 2004-01-30
DE69910731D1 (en) 2003-10-02
HK1032807A1 (en) 2001-08-03
EA200000761A1 (en) 2001-04-23
KR20010034212A (en) 2001-04-25
PL342041A1 (en) 2001-05-21
AU2283199A (en) 1999-08-09
DK1049855T3 (en) 2003-12-22
OA11767A (en) 2005-07-19
KR100699602B1 (en) 2007-03-23
ES2207170T3 (en) 2004-05-16
BR9907213A (en) 2000-10-24
JP2002501136A (en) 2002-01-15
NZ506407A (en) 2003-09-26
CA2319268A1 (en) 1999-07-29
FR2773849A1 (en) 1999-07-23
CN1288500A (en) 2001-03-21
EP1049855B1 (en) 2003-08-27
WO1999037885A1 (en) 1999-07-29
US6305171B1 (en) 2001-10-23
ATE248289T1 (en) 2003-09-15
SK10102000A3 (en) 2001-04-09
CN1099523C (en) 2003-01-22
AU741894B2 (en) 2001-12-13
TR200002165T2 (en) 2000-12-21
NO20003746D0 (en) 2000-07-21
PL197327B1 (en) 2008-03-31
HUP0100722A2 (en) 2001-08-28
NO20003746L (en) 2000-09-04
DE69910731T2 (en) 2004-07-08
FR2773849B1 (en) 2000-02-25
IL137020A0 (en) 2001-06-14
HUP0100722A3 (en) 2001-12-28
AP2000001858A0 (en) 2000-09-30

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