EP1045531B1 - Verfahren zum Diversity-Empfang und Diversity-Empfängers - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Diversity-Empfang und Diversity-Empfängers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1045531B1
EP1045531B1 EP00303210A EP00303210A EP1045531B1 EP 1045531 B1 EP1045531 B1 EP 1045531B1 EP 00303210 A EP00303210 A EP 00303210A EP 00303210 A EP00303210 A EP 00303210A EP 1045531 B1 EP1045531 B1 EP 1045531B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
diversity
receiver
antenna
frequency
signals
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EP00303210A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1045531A3 (de
EP1045531A2 (de
Inventor
Christopher Ryan. BBC Rechearch/Develop.Dep Nokes
Jonathan H. BBC Research/Develop.Dep. Stott
Oliver Paul.Bbc.Research/Dev.Dep. Haffenden
Peter Neil BBC Research/Dev.Dep. Moss
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British Broadcasting Corp
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British Broadcasting Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • H04B7/0871—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using different reception schemes, at least one of them being a diversity reception scheme
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/10—Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/12—Frequency diversity

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of diversity reception of transmitted radio-frequency signals and to receivers for use in the method.
  • Diversity reception is a technique that has often been used, particularly for mobile reception of signals. Typically, it involves two (or more) receiving antennas, and some signal processing to combine the received signals.
  • the two antennas are generally located so that they can receive different versions of the same transmitted signals. This may be done for example by placing them a short distance apart (antenna spatial diversity), or by using antennas with different polarisation (antenna polarisation diversity) or radiation pattern (antenna pattern diversity).
  • Frequency diversity is also known in which the signal is transmitted on two frequencies; in this case a single antenna may suffice connected to two tuners.
  • United States Patent US-A-5,345,600 describes a time and frequency diversity system which uses re-transmission of signals in poor signal conditions and requires transmission from the 'receiver' back to the 'transmitter'.
  • European Patent Application EP-A-766 414 describes another transceiver using space and polarisation diversity, the manner of operation not being specified.
  • United Kingdom Patent Application GB 2257605A describes a diversity antenna system in which the signals from a number of antennas are combined with weightings dependent on the respective signal levels.
  • a paper by TONG, F., ET AL. "A Switching CMA / Diversity Antenna for Canceling Echoes with Fading in an FM Broadcasting Receiver", PIMRC'96; Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Communications 1996; Taipei, Taiwan; 15-18 October 1996, New York, NY, USA; IEEE USA; describes a receiver capable of switching between an adaptive mode and a diversity mode in dependence upon desired-to-undesired signal ratio.
  • a diversity receiver for receiving digital signals is capable of operating with a plurality of diversity modes including at least two of (a) antenna spatial diversity, (b) antenna polarization diversity, (c) antenna pattern diversity, and (d) frequency diversity.
  • the receiver has a soft-decision decoder in each of its two or more receiving sections, to monitor the quality of the received signals and to provide confidence values for the received decoded digital values, and combines the values from the receiving sections in dependence upon the confidence values.
  • the outputs of the two receiver sections are applied to a soft-decision combiner which combines the signals in different diversity modes in dependence upon confidence values received from the tuner/demodulators.
  • the output is then applied to a Viterbi decoder. Synchronisation and squelching can be provided.
  • the system when used with antenna pattern diversity, can constitute an automatic rotator.
  • COFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting
  • DVB-T Digital Terrestrial Television
  • the bits of each digital sample are distributed over a number of carriers at a number of different time intervals.
  • the carriers are at different evenly-spaced frequencies.
  • the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the carriers at each time interval is taken.
  • the output of each FFT comprises what is known as a symbol and a plurality of these are combined into a COFDM frame.
  • the frames are then transmitted.
  • the distributing of bits of data in frequency and in time gives a system which is very error resistant and can cope with a high degree of multipath distortion.
  • a diversity receiver 10 embodying the invention and designed for use with COFDM signals will now be described with reference to Figure 1 of the drawings. It comprises two antennas (aerials) 20a and 20b connected respectively to tuners 22a and 22b and OFDM demodulation circuits 24a and 24b. Antennas 20a and 20b are spaced apart so that they may employ antenna spatial diversity reception; furthermore each radio frequency tuner is tunable to one of a number of different frequencies for use in frequency diversity reception. The output of each OFDM demodulation circuit 24a, 24b is applied to a respective pre-processor 26a, 26b. Thus the receiver has two radio-frequency 'front ends' providing two signal outputs.
  • the OFDM demodulators provide a confidence level for every sample on every one of the many carriers of the COFDM signal.
  • the outputs of the two pre-processors are applied to a channel-state-qualified soft-decision combiner circuit 32, the output of which is fed to a Viterbi soft-decision decoder 34.
  • the output of the Viterbi decoder 34 is applied to a post-processor 36 which provides the decoded data output at 40.
  • the output of Viterbi decoder is also passed to a diversity control circuit 30, which receives inputs from pre-processors 26a, 26b.
  • the diversity controller 30 uses the information received as its inputs to programme tuners 22a, 22b.
  • Diversity controller 30 is responsible for dynamically selecting from a number of sources, the two sources which provide the best signals to present to tuners 22a, 22b.
  • Diversity sources could be signals with different frequencies or antennas with different spatial locations, polarisations or radiation patterns.
  • antennas 20a and 20b are spaced apart, and tuners 22a and 22b are tunable so that both antenna spatial diversity and frequency diversity may be employed in the same receiver.
  • the receiver operates using antenna spatial diversity, if the diversity controller programmes the tuners 22a, 22b to operate at the same frequency. Frequency diversity however may be employed, if the diversity controller programmes the tuners to operate at different frequencies.
  • the diversity mode of signal reception can be dynamically changed by the diversity controller. In the frequency diversity mode the two antennas are in fact spaced apart but that is not then of any substantial significance.
  • the system illustrated in Figure 1 employs two physically separated antennas and two receiver chains, and can therefore employ either frequency diversity or space diversity on the same frequency. The only difference is whether the two tuners are tuned to the same or different frequencies.
  • frequency diversity is in use, but the receiver decides, using the channel state information (CSI) measures, that one of the frequencies is not contributing much of any use, maybe it is even 'squelched out' already. In that case the squelched receiver could be retuned to the single known-to-be working frequency, and, as soon as it synchronises and unsquelches, it will contribute as a working partner in space diversity.
  • CSI channel state information
  • the receiver If the receiver then detects that things are again getting bad overall (which it may again do using CSI), it tells one of the two (currently space diversity) receivers to go off to another frequency. If it unsquelches on arrival, then frequency diversity is working. If the CSI shows that the new frequency is working much better than the first, then both receivers can be switched to it and space diversity used again. If it is merely comparable the system stays in frequency diversity mode. If the new frequency is even worse than the first, then the system switches back to space diversity on the first frequency. In all this the decoded data stream need never be interrupted, unless neither frequency is any good at all, since one of the receivers will still be receiving a signal while the other is being switched.
  • the diversity controller receives channel state information from the OFDM demodulators, together with indications from the error corrector of the approximate error rate being encountered. For use in frequency diversity reception, it also receives synchronisation flag signals and an indication of whether or not the received signal is intended for reception at the diversity receiver or not. Based on its determination of signal quality, the diversity controller programmes frequencies into the tuners to cause them to operate on either the same frequency, thereby employing spatial diversity, or on different frequencies, to employ frequency diversity.
  • every demodulated data bit has its own confidence value and is treated independently by the diversity system, allowing the diversity system always to use the best available signal.
  • the signals are COFDM signals, this applies to every demodulated data bit on every one of the carriers.
  • the system is configured only to employ spatial and frequency diversity modes of reception
  • the use of a diversity controller makes it possible for a single receiver to employ any kind of diversity reception.
  • the diversity controller may operate by selecting from a number of different antennas the antennas to which the tuners 22a, 22b are connected, thereby allowing antenna polarisation and/or antenna pattern diversity modes to be also employed.
  • a diversity controller may allow therefore an adaptive diversity receiver which may operate in one or more different diversity modes in accordance with a plurality of different diversity types, such as frequency diversity, antenna spatial diversity, antenna polarisation diversity and antenna pattern diversity.
  • the receiver is equipped to monitor the quality of the received signals, which may be digital or analogue so far as this feature is concerned, and to respond to the signal quality going below a predetermined level to cause a change in the diversity mode, that is the type of diversity being used by the receiver.
  • the measure of signal quality can be derived from the confidence values, from the CSI, or from the mean error rate as determined by an error corrector.
  • the diversity controller has been described as receiving inputs from pre-processors 26a, 26b, and channel state information from each 'front end' from Viterbi decoder 34. It is possible however that the diversity controller may operate by monitoring other indications of source performance, such as signal strength, the Bit-Error-Ratio (BER) after the Viterbi decoder or the pre-Viterbi decoder BER.
  • BER Bit-Error-Ratio
  • the system of Figure 1 allows for both seamless switching and optimum combination of the input data signals, making them appropriate for a variety of types of diversity. Types of diversity reception will be described next in more detail.
  • the signal will be transmitted on more than one frequency; this sometimes happens in the overlap areas between two transmitters, or as is common practice in short wave (HF) broadcasting. This is done because of the large coverage areas and vagaries of predicting which frequency band will propagate well on a given day. Sometimes multiple frequencies are used in the same band, perhaps partly as a strategy to avoid interference, deliberate or otherwise.
  • HF short wave
  • two or more signals for the diversity receiver are formed from tuners working at different frequencies.
  • the receiver then simply makes the task of combining these signals together a seamless one, which should result in no disturbance on the decoded output signal.
  • the signals that are broadcast on the two or more frequencies should be suitably constrained. In theory this means that the two signals need to be co-timed, and to be identical except for the broadcast centre frequency. In practice such a constraint is not fully necessary.
  • the two signals need only be "closely" timed, so that any variation in timing of the signals received by the diversity receiver is less than the delay that can be inserted by the synchronisation process described above.
  • the signals should be transmitted in such a way that the appropriate re-timing signals can be recovered in the receiver.
  • One way to achieve this is to broadcast all the signals on the different frequencies with the same relationship between the data bits on the one hand, and the OFDM symbol, frame, superframe etc. on the other hand. This is very similar to the process that is required to synchronise OFDM single frequency networks (SFN).
  • SFN single frequency networks
  • any reference information transmitted with the OFDM signal is not necessary for any reference information transmitted with the OFDM signal to be identical between the transmissions on different frequencies.
  • reference information is inserted as pilot data cells, namely scattered, continual and transmission parameter signalling (TPS) pilots, and these need not be identical, since the demodulators remove this reference information before producing the soft decisions.
  • TPS transmission parameter signalling
  • the reserved TPS bits could be used differently on different frequencies without adverse affect on the diversity system. This principle can be extended further, so that 2K modulation can be used on one frequency and 8K on another, provided that a means of synchronisation is left open to the receiver.
  • the same data should be coded through the same convolutional coder, or identical convolutional coders, before being conveyed by diverse routes to the receivers.
  • FIG. 2 Antenna pattern diversity is illustrated in Figure 2.
  • a pair of crossed dipoles Each has a figure-of-eight antenna pattern, as shown in Figure 2 by solid and dotted lines, respectively. If these two antennas are connected to the two inputs of a diversity receiver embodying the invention, the receiver will automatically select the most appropriate combination of receivers (i.e. dipoles) to use.
  • This antenna pattern diversity technique could be extended to a system with more antennas, where each would have a significant gain, increasing the signal level into each antenna, and therefore further improving the reception capabilities of the overall system.
  • the diversity systems described and illustrated can be used in many mobile data transmission applications, including DVB-T, DAB, DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) and systems such as radio cameras.
  • the technique does not depend specifically upon the OFDM signal; it can be applied to other digital signals (e.g. single carrier systems). However it is believed that the greatest benefit will be obtained when used in conjunction with the OFDM transmission system.
  • the diversity technique described using soft-decision decoding can have application in facilitating hand-over in multi-frequency networks, such as used for mobile telephones. That is, as a receiver moves through such a network, there is a need for the receiver to re-tune to new transmitters, desirably in a seamless way.
  • the present system can provide the means to achieve this, thereby effectively improving the coverage in the overlap area between transmitters.
  • a DVB-T implementation of the system can be made using the already available LSI Logic demodulator chips L64780 and L64724 manufactured by LSI Logic Corporation, 1551 McCarthy Boulevard, Milpitas, California 95035, USA.
  • the L64780 is the DVB-T demodulator and produces soft-decision data at its output.
  • the L64724 is used as the Viterbi and Reed-Solomon error correctors (although in practice it is a full satellite demodulator chip).
  • the added components for the diversity system can be positioned at the interface between these two chips.
  • the L64780 also produces signals to synchronise the diversity system and implement the squelch described above.
  • a system which allows diversity reception of two or more signals which carry the same data signal, but which suffer different transmission channel impairments.
  • the system allows seamless combination of the two signals in a way that allows for the optimum data output to be produced.
  • the technique applies equally for (a) antenna spatial diversity, (b) antenna polarisation or (c) pattern diversity, or (d) frequency diversity, allowing possible applications in many data transmission applications including DVB-T, DAB and DRM.
  • the technique can be applied to switch between any two or more of (a) antenna spatial diversity, (b) antenna polarisation or pattern diversity, or (c) frequency diversity.

Claims (9)

  1. Verfahren zum Empfangen von auf Funkfrequenz gesendeten Sendesignalen, wobei das Verfahren auf unterschiedlichen Diversity-Modi gemäß einer Mehrzahl von unterschiedlichen Diversity-Typen abläuft, die wenigstens zwei der Folgenden aufweisen:
    a. Antennenverteilungs-Diversity;
    b. Antennenpolarisations-Diversity;
    c. Antennendiagramm-Diversity; und
    d. Frequenz-Diversity;
    wobei das Verfahren die Schritte des Überwachens der Qualität der Empfangssignale und, als Reaktion darauf, dass die Qualität der Empfangssignale unter einem vorbestimmten Niveau ist, des Änderns des Diversity-Betriebsmodus des Empfängers beinhaltet.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Überwachungsschritt das Bereitstellen einer Folge von Ausgangswerten, die für die Werte der Empfangssignale repräsentativ sind, und von Konfidenzwerten umfasst, die ein Maß für die Konfidenz repräsentieren, mit der die Empfangssignale die gesendeten Werte repräsentieren.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, das in unterschiedlichen Diversity-Modi gemäß einer Mehrzahl von unterschiedlichen Diversity-Typen arbeitet, die wenigstens zwei der Folgenden umfassen:
    (a) Antennenverteilungs-Diversity;
    (b) Antennenpolarisations-Diversity oder Antennendiagramm-Diversity; und
    (c) Frequenz-Diversity.
  4. Diversity-Empfänger zum Empfangen von auf Funkfrequenz gesendeten Sendesignalen, wobei der Diversity-Empfänger so gestaltet ist, dass er in unterschiedlichen Diversity-Modi gemäß einer Mehrzahl von unterschiedlichen Diversity-Typen arbeitet, die wenigstens zwei der Folgenden aufweisen:
    (a) Antennenverteilungs-Diversity;
    (b) Antennenpolarisations-Diversity;
    (c) Antennendiagramm-Diversity; und
    (d) Frequenz-Diversity;
    wobei der Empfänger Folgendes aufweist:
    wenigstens zwei Tuner- und digitale Demodulatorschaltungen (22, 24), die so geschaltet sind, dass sie gleichzeitig Empfangssignale empfangen, wobei jede Tuner- und digitale Demodulatorschaltung eine Folge von Ausgangswerten erzeugt, die für die Werte der Empfangssignale repräsentativ sind,
    Überwachungsmittel (24, 26, 34) zum Überwachen der Qualität der Ausgangswerte jeweils von jeder der Tuner- und digitalen Demodulatorschaltungen, die auf die Empfangssignale ansprechen, und
    Steuermittel (30), die mit dem Überwachungsmittel gekoppelt sind und darauf ansprechen, dass die Signalqualität unterhalb eines vorbestimmten Niveaus liegen, um einen Wechsel des Diversity-Mode des Empfängers anzuweisen.
  5. Diversity-Empfänger nach Anspruch 4, wobei jede Tuner-und digitale Demodulatorschaltung (22, 24) eine Folge von Konfidenzwerten erzeugt, die ein Maß für die Konfidenz repräsentieren, mit der die Empfangssignale die Sendewerte repräsentieren.
  6. Diversity-Empfänger nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, die ferner Kombinationsmittel (32) zum Bilden einer gewichteten Summe der Ausgangswerte von dem Überwachungsmittel umfasst, die jeweils von den beiden Tuner- und digitalen Demodulatorschaltungen abgeleitet werden.
  7. Diversity-Empfänger nach Anspruch 4, 5 oder 6, die ferner einen Viterbi-Decoder (34) umfassen, der mit dem Ausgang des Kombinationsmittels gekoppelt ist.
  8. Diversity-Empfänger nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, bei dem die Empfangssignale OFDM-Signale sind.
  9. Diversity-Empfänger nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 8, wobei der Diversity-Empfänger so gestaltet ist, dass er in unterschiedlichen Diversity-Modi gemäß einer Mehrzahl von unterschiedlichen Diverstiy-Typen arbeitet, die wenigstens zwei der Folgenden umfassen:
    (a) Antennenverteilungs-Diversity;
    (b) Antennenpolarisations-Diversity oder Antennendiagramm-Diversity; und
    (c) Frequenz-Diversity.
EP00303210A 1999-04-15 2000-04-17 Verfahren zum Diversity-Empfang und Diversity-Empfängers Expired - Lifetime EP1045531B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9908675 1999-04-15
GBGB9908675.3A GB9908675D0 (en) 1999-04-15 1999-04-15 Diversity reception method and diversity receivers

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EP1045531A2 EP1045531A2 (de) 2000-10-18
EP1045531A3 EP1045531A3 (de) 2003-07-02
EP1045531B1 true EP1045531B1 (de) 2006-06-07

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US (1) US6792258B1 (de)
EP (2) EP1045543B1 (de)
AT (2) ATE329418T1 (de)
DE (2) DE60028444T2 (de)
GB (1) GB9908675D0 (de)

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ATE329418T1 (de) 2006-06-15
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ATE339816T1 (de) 2006-10-15
US6792258B1 (en) 2004-09-14
DE60028444D1 (de) 2006-07-20
EP1045531A3 (de) 2003-07-02
DE60030620D1 (de) 2006-10-26
EP1045543B1 (de) 2006-09-13
EP1045543A3 (de) 2002-09-18
EP1045531A2 (de) 2000-10-18
EP1045543A2 (de) 2000-10-18
DE60030620T2 (de) 2007-09-20

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