EP1027943A1 - Hollow casting and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Hollow casting and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- EP1027943A1 EP1027943A1 EP00810097A EP00810097A EP1027943A1 EP 1027943 A1 EP1027943 A1 EP 1027943A1 EP 00810097 A EP00810097 A EP 00810097A EP 00810097 A EP00810097 A EP 00810097A EP 1027943 A1 EP1027943 A1 EP 1027943A1
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- Prior art keywords
- core
- closure piece
- recess
- casting
- component
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C21/00—Flasks; Accessories therefor
- B22C21/12—Accessories
- B22C21/14—Accessories for reinforcing or securing moulding materials or cores, e.g. gaggers, chaplets, pins, bars
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D31/00—Cutting-off surplus material, e.g. gates; Cleaning and working on castings
- B22D31/002—Cleaning, working on castings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S415/00—Rotary kinetic fluid motors or pumps
- Y10S415/915—Pump or portion thereof by casting or molding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49718—Repairing
- Y10T29/49732—Repairing by attaching repair preform, e.g., remaking, restoring, or patching
- Y10T29/49742—Metallurgically attaching preform
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49718—Repairing
- Y10T29/49732—Repairing by attaching repair preform, e.g., remaking, restoring, or patching
- Y10T29/49744—Screw threaded preform
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hollow cast component, which component encloses at least one cavity, and which component of at least a manufacturing-related core opening is broken, and at least a core opening is closed by means of a closure piece.
- openings are created in the casting Component walls. In many cases, these openings are for component function not, or not necessary to the extent available. On the contrary Excessively large and many such core openings mostly undesirable because they on the one hand weaken the mechanical strength of the components, in particular but also represent undesirable leakage points.
- Closure piece when brushing a blade against the housing or one Guide blade on rotor elements are separated.
- the core openings cannot can be dispensed with without drastically increasing casting tolerances take and the freedom of the designer in designing the cavities - and thus drastically restrict the design of the component cooling.
- the aim of the invention is in one hollow cast component, which component has at least one cavity encloses, and which component of at least one production-related Core opening is broken, and wherein at least one core opening by means of a closure piece is closed, the closure of the core openings to be indicated in such a way that the disadvantages described above are avoided.
- the component has at least one of has externally accessible recess, such that a penetration the recess (15) with the surface of the casting a closed line represents that the recess within the component the at least one closed core opening completely covered, and that the Closure piece is arranged in the recess
- the essence of the invention is therefore to close the closure piece into the interior of the casting put. It lies in a recess that the closure piece in Direction of two spatial axes. So one has to additional fixation made only in the direction of an axis of movement become. If the closure piece when using the cast component in one technical system, for example, pressure differences or centrifugal forces has to accommodate, the recess is advantageously in the component introduced that the direction in which an additional fixation of the Closure piece is necessary, as normal as possible to the predominantly occurring Force component lies. The locking piece then only has to be against Slipping in the recess can be secured. Because of this measure the fastening of the closure piece is significantly less stressed than in the state-of-the-art solution. Already due this fact makes the functional reliability of the closure one Core opening increased drastically.
- the closure piece which is inserted in the recess, can Seal the core opening hermetically, or a defined one Leave the flow cross-section between the cavity and the core opening, which can be useful for cooling purposes, for example.
- the latter can be achieved by either closing the core opening not completely covered, or by adding a defined opening in the Closure piece is incorporated.
- a preferred location for attaching the closure piece or the Recess is right at the transition from the cavity to the casting includes, to the core opening.
- the recess and the closure piece can have almost any shape.
- the geometry of the closure piece must of course be adapted to that of the recess. So can the recess a cast in the casting or by machining made slot in the casting that is transverse to the core opening is oriented, and in which a flat plate is used as a closure piece is.
- a pin can also be inserted into a cylindrical or conical bore his.
- the The blank is cast in a known manner. Because of the possibility of doing this The resulting core openings can be reliably closed later Core supports are generously dimensioned, which improves the manufacturing accuracy in the Casting process significantly improved.
- the recess can already be in the Blank are provided, which is successive post-processing steps simplified or spared. By machining using a End mill or drill can cut the recess to dimensional accuracy be reworked; where there is no recess in the cast blank, this must be introduced subsequently.
- the editing can naturally also by other methods, for example eroding, respectively; the selection of the processing method is otherwise not essential to the invention.
- the locking piece is then inserted into the recess used and attached there.
- the closure piece of the The geometry of the recess can be adapted.
- Attachment of the closure piece can be done in different ways. So is further fastening the closure piece by soldering or Welding possible, the joints, as stated above, essential are less heavily loaded.
- the closure piece could be oversized executed and under temperature difference in the recess of the casting be pressed in, or an elastic expansion pin can be inserted to achieve a frictional connection. After all, it can Locking piece can also be screwed in as a round bolt with thread, or the closure piece is caulked to the casting, which is a positive connection results.
- the selection of the Fastening procedure in the specific case of the expected temperature, the Materials and the available manufacturing methods and Unhook tools.
- the method described is particularly suitable for the production of cooled gas turbine blades. Inside are these blades Cavities that are essentially from the blade root to the blade head run, and through which cooling air flows during operation.
- This Cooling air ducts generally have sophisticated complexes Geometries that are to be produced with great accuracy during casting. This high accuracy requires stable bilateral support of the Cast cores; therefore generously dimensioned core supports are on Bucket head and blade foot required. So there are in the blank Core openings on both the head and foot, at least one of which Part must be sealed to prevent the loss of cooling air through this to prevent through.
- the procedure for closing the core openings such as it is known from the prior art, this can cause considerable problems cause.
- the single figure shows the head area in a very simplified representation a cooled hollow cast gas turbine blade, at the core openings are designed lockable according to the invention.
- the head area is one in the single figure Gas turbine blade shown as an example of a hollow cast component. Cavities 12 are located within this blade, which are separated by a web 17 separated from one another and outwards from walls 11 of the casting are delimited.
- the internal structure of the casting shown here is not as to be considered representative, and is also not the subject of the invention.
- the cavities were made Store and remove cores in the mold. To stabilize the The core was the core storage and thus to increase the casting accuracy supported on the blade head by two core supports, which in the casting form the Have left core openings 13, which must be closed. For this purpose, there are recesses 15 in the casting, which cover one core opening each.
- the recesses are completely in the casting is incorporated in such a way that its penetration line 16 with the component surface represents a closed line.
- Matching Closure pieces 14 are in the game with little play or excess Cutouts inserted as indicated by the arrows, and on there appropriately attached.
- the locking pieces only have to be in one direction of movement, namely in their direction Installation direction, secured against slipping.
- the installation direction can be chosen so that it is the direction of the lowest load acts. For example, if the turbine blade shown is a Is a bucket, so there is predominantly one in this drawing centrifugal force acting on the locking pieces. But since these are in one are installed essentially perpendicular to this force, the attachment does not have to bear the centrifugal force, it becomes supported directly on the casting material. Thus, the joints are subject to to which the closure pieces are attached in the casting, only a small one mechanical load.
- a plate and a bolt are shown as locking pieces.
- the Recess for the bolt can be made very easily by drilling be a more complicated process for the tile required.
- the recess for the bolt must be proportionate be large, and in this way weakens the structure of the cast component in larger dimensions, which is why this solution for very large core openings is hardly practical.
- a bolt could also carry an external thread, for example, and into one Recess with internal thread are screwed in, which makes a very simple way of fastening the closure piece in the casting results.
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein hohlgegossenes Bauteil, welches Bauteil mindestens einen Hohlraum umschliesst, und welches Bauteil von mindestens einer fertigungsbedingten Kernöffnung durchbrochen ist, und wobei wenigstens eine Kernöffnung mittels eines Verschlussstückes verschlossen ist.The present invention relates to a hollow cast component, which component encloses at least one cavity, and which component of at least a manufacturing-related core opening is broken, and at least a core opening is closed by means of a closure piece.
Bei der Herstellung von Gussteilen hoher Präzision ist es notwendig, gegebenenfalls vorhandene Kerne möglichst stabil in der Gussform abzustützen. Daher steigt mit den Anforderungen an die Herstellgenauigkeit im allgemeinen auch die notwendige Dimension der Kernstützen.When manufacturing high-precision castings, it is necessary any existing cores as stable as possible in the mold to support. Therefore, the requirements for manufacturing accuracy in the in general also the necessary dimension of the core supports.
Aufgrund der Kernstützen entstehen beim Giessen Öffnungen in den Bauteilwänden. In vielen Fällen sind diese Öffnungen für die Bauteilfunktion nicht, oder nicht in dem vorhandenen Ausmasse notwendig. Im Gegenteil sind übermässig grosse und viele derartige Kernöffungen meist unerwünscht, da sie einerseits die mechanische Festigkeit der Bauteile schwächen, insbesondere aber auch unerwünschte Leckagestellen darstellen. Due to the core supports, openings are created in the casting Component walls. In many cases, these openings are for component function not, or not necessary to the extent available. On the contrary Excessively large and many such core openings mostly undesirable because they on the one hand weaken the mechanical strength of the components, in particular but also represent undesirable leakage points.
Es sei hier auf das Beispiel einer gekühlten Gasturbinenschaufel verwiesen, in deren Innerem komplex gestaltete Kühlluftkanäle eingearbeitet sind. Zur Herstellung der inneren Strukturen solcher Schaufeln müssen Kerne sehr genau und stabil in der Gussform fixiert werden. Es ist somit wünschenswert, den wesentlich in Schaufellängsrichtung orientierten Kern zweiseitig, das heisst auf der Seite des Schaufelfusses als auch auf der Seite des Schaufelkopfes, mittels gross dimensionierter Kernstützen zu fixieren. Die grossen entstehenden Kernöffnungen erleichtern weiterhin das Entfernen des Kerns aus der hohlgegossenen Schaufel; zudem ist eine Inspektion des Hohlraumes leicht zu bewerkstelligen.Reference is made here to the example of a cooled gas turbine blade, in the interior of which has complex cooling air ducts. For Manufacture of the internal structures of such blades requires a lot of cores be fixed precisely and stably in the mold. It is therefore desirable the core oriented essentially in the longitudinal direction of the blade on both sides, that is on the side of the blade root as well as on the side of the blade head, to be fixed by means of large core supports. The big ones The resulting core openings further facilitate the removal of the core from the hollow cast scoop; there is also an inspection of the cavity easy to do.
Das entstandene Gussteil weisst jedoch Öffnungen auf, die zu dessen ordnungsgemässer Funktion nicht erwünscht sind. Bei dem oben angeführten Beispiel einer gekühlten Gasturbinenschaufel sind zwar relativ gross dimensionierte Öffnungen am Schaufelfuss erwünscht, um Kühlluft in das Schaufelinnere hinein oder auch wieder daraus abzuführen. Fertigungstechnisch wünschenswerte oder gar notwendige, konstruktiv aber nicht vorgesehene Öffnungen insbesondere am Schaufelkopf führen jedoch zu einer schädlichen Kühlluftleckage.However, the resulting casting has openings that lead to it proper function are not desired. With the above Examples of a cooled gas turbine blade are relatively large Dimensioned openings on the blade root are desirable to cool air into the To remove the inside of the bucket or to take it out again. Technically desirable or even necessary, but constructively however, openings not provided, in particular on the blade head, lead to a harmful cooling air leak.
Bislang war man daher bestrebt, die Kernstützen dort, wo nicht ohnehin eine Öffnung vorgesehen ist, so klein wie möglich zu dimensionieren. Diese Massnahme vergrössert allerdings die Gusstoleranzen. Sehr kleine Bohrungen werden nicht weiterbehandelt, während bei grösseren Öffnungen ein Verschlussstück über das Loch geschweist oder gelötet wird. Letzteres ist insbesondere dann, wenn das Bauteil im Heissgasteil von Gasturbinen eingesetzt wird, nicht unproblematisch: Das Verschlussstück und die Naht sind unmittelbar dem Heissgas ausgesetzt. Weiterhin sind hochwarmfeste Legierungen, wie sie für Gasturbinenschaufeln Verwendung finden, meist nur schlecht schweissbar. Es besteht also die latente Gefahr, dass das aufgesetzte Verschlussstück von dem Bauteil ablöst, und die zuvor verschlossene Öffnung wieder freigibt. Besonders gross ist die Gefahr des Ablösens des Verschlussstücks, wenn es auf dem Kopf einer Laufschaufel aufgebracht ist, da in diesem Falle eine zusätzliche Fliehkraftbelastung vorliegt. Ebenso kann das Verschlussstück beim Anstreifen einer Laufschaufel ans Gehäuse oder einer Leitschaufel an Rotorelemente abgetrennt werden.So far, efforts have therefore been made to place the core supports where not one anyway Opening is provided to be as small as possible. This However, the measure increases the casting tolerances. Very small holes are not treated further, whereas with larger openings Closure piece is welded or soldered over the hole. The latter is especially when the component is in the hot gas section of gas turbines is used, not without problems: the closure piece and the seam are immediately exposed to the hot gas. Furthermore, they are highly heat-resistant Alloys, such as those used for gas turbine blades, mostly only difficult to weld. So there is a latent danger that the put on Closure piece detaches from the component, and the previously closed opening releases again. The risk of detachment of the Closure piece, if it is applied to the head of a blade, because in this case there is an additional centrifugal load. It can also do that Closure piece when brushing a blade against the housing or one Guide blade on rotor elements are separated.
Dieses Versagen des Verschlusses kann gerade beim oben beschriebenen Beispiel einer Gasturbinenschaufel eine empfindliche Verschiebung des Kühllufthaushalts zur Folge haben, was potentiell in einem folgenschweren Bauteilversagen infolge von Überhitzung resultiert.This failure of the closure can be just as described above Example of a gas turbine blade a sensitive displacement of the Cooling air household entail, potentially having a serious impact Component failure due to overheating results.
Andererseits kann, wie oben beschrieben, nicht auf die Kernöffnungen verzichtet werden, ohne drastisch vergrösserte Gusstoleranzen in Kauf zu nehmen und die Freiheit des Konstrukteurs bei der Gestaltung der Hohlräume - und somit bei der Auslegung der Bauteilkühlung - drastisch einzuschränken.On the other hand, as described above, the core openings cannot can be dispensed with without drastically increasing casting tolerances take and the freedom of the designer in designing the cavities - and thus drastically restrict the design of the component cooling.
Wünschenswert wäre es also, einerseits aus fertigungstechnischen Überlegungen möglichst grosse Kernstützen einzusetzen. Andererseits müssen die resultierenden Kernöffnungen zuverlässig verschlossen werden. Die in der einschlägigen Literatur bekanntgewordenen Verschlussmechanismen sind bei der Anwendung an thermisch hochbelasteten Turbinenschaufeln problematisch: Die DE 39 36 171 schlägt vor, Kernöffnungen mittels Auftragsschweissen zu verschliessen. Die Probleme, die sich hierbei ergeben können, sind oben diskutiert. US 2,821,323 und DE 44 34 139 schlagen vor, Kernöffnungen durch axial eingetriebene Verschlusspropfen zu verschliessen. Auch dies ist aufgrund möglicher thermischer Differenzdehnungen und der Fliehkraftbelastung nicht immer möglich. It would therefore be desirable, on the one hand, from manufacturing technology Considerations to use core supports as large as possible. On the other hand the resulting core openings must be closed reliably. Those known in the relevant literature Locking mechanisms are when used on thermally highly stressed Turbine blades problematic: DE 39 36 171 proposes Close core openings by means of build-up welding. The problems that can arise here are discussed above. US 2,821,323 and DE 44 34 139 suggest core openings through axially driven plugs to close. This is also due to possible thermal Differential strains and the centrifugal load are not always possible.
Im derzeitigen Stand der Technik findet sich keine umfassend befriedigende Möglichkeit, Kernöffnungen, die aufgrund wünschenswert grosser Kernstützen bei der Herstellung hohlgegossener Bauteile entstehen, zuverlässig zu verschliessen. Hier greift die Erfindung. Ziel der Erfindung ist es, bei einem hohlgegossenen Bauteil, welches Bauteil mindestens einen Hohlraum umschliesst, und welches Bauteil von mindestens einer fertigungsbedingten Kernöffnung durchbrochen ist, und wobei wenigstens eine Kernöffnung mittels eines Verschlussstückes verschlossen ist, den Verschluss der Kernöffnungen so anzugeben, dass die oben beschriebenen Nachteile vermieden werden.In the current state of the art, there is no comprehensive satisfactory one Possibility of core openings that are due to desirable large core supports reliably arise during the manufacture of hollow cast components close. This is where the invention comes into play. The aim of the invention is in one hollow cast component, which component has at least one cavity encloses, and which component of at least one production-related Core opening is broken, and wherein at least one core opening by means of a closure piece is closed, the closure of the core openings to be indicated in such a way that the disadvantages described above are avoided.
Erfindungsgemäss wird dies erreicht, indem das Bauteil mindestens eine von aussen zugängliche Aussparung aufweist, dergestalt, dass eine Durchdringung der Aussparung (15) mit der Oberfläche des Gussteils eine geschlossene Linie darstellt, dass die Aussparung innerhalb des Bauteils die mindestens eine verschlossene Kernöffnung gesamthaft überdeckt, und dass das Verschlussstück in der Aussparung angeordnet istThis is achieved according to the invention in that the component has at least one of has externally accessible recess, such that a penetration the recess (15) with the surface of the casting a closed line represents that the recess within the component the at least one closed core opening completely covered, and that the Closure piece is arranged in the recess
Kern der Erfindung ist es also, das Verschlussstück ins Innere des Gussteils zu setzen. Dabei liegt es in einer Aussparung, die das Verschlussstück in Richtung zweier Raumachsen formschlüssig umfasst. Damit muss eine zusätzliche Fixierung nur in Richtung einer Bewegungsachse vorgenommen werden. Wenn das Verschlussstück beim Einsatz des Guss-Bauteils in einem technischen System bespielsweise Druckdifferenzen oder Fliehkräfte aufzunehmen hat, wird die Aussparung mit Vorteil so in das Bauteil eingebracht, dass die Richtung, in der eine zusätzliche Fixierung des Verschlussstücks notwendig ist, möglichst normal zur vorwiegend auftretenden Kraftkomponente liegt. Das Verschlussstück muss dann nur noch gegen Verrutschen in der Aussparung gesichert werden. Aufgrund dieser Massnahme wird die Befestigung des Verschlussstücks deutlich weniger beansprucht als bei der dem Stand der Technik entsprechenden Lösung. Bereits aufgrund dieser Tatsache wird die Funktionssicherheit des Verschlusses einer Kernöffnung drastisch erhöht.The essence of the invention is therefore to close the closure piece into the interior of the casting put. It lies in a recess that the closure piece in Direction of two spatial axes. So one has to additional fixation made only in the direction of an axis of movement become. If the closure piece when using the cast component in one technical system, for example, pressure differences or centrifugal forces has to accommodate, the recess is advantageously in the component introduced that the direction in which an additional fixation of the Closure piece is necessary, as normal as possible to the predominantly occurring Force component lies. The locking piece then only has to be against Slipping in the recess can be secured. Because of this measure the fastening of the closure piece is significantly less stressed than in the state-of-the-art solution. Already due this fact makes the functional reliability of the closure one Core opening increased drastically.
Bei hohlgegossenen Bauteilen, die von aussen einem heissen Medium ausgesetzt sind und in dem Hohlraum Kühlluft führen, kommt hinzu, dass sowohl das Verschlussstück als auch gegebenenfalls vorhandene Fügestellen weniger stark als nach dem Stand der Technik dem Heissgas ausgesetzt sind.In the case of hollow cast components, the outside is a hot medium are exposed and lead to cooling air in the cavity, in addition that both the closure piece and any existing joints are less exposed to the hot gas than in the prior art.
Das Verschlussstück, das in der Aussparung eingesetzt ist, kann die Kernöffnung hermetisch abschliessen, oder aber einen definierten Strömungsquerschnitt zwischen dem Hohlraum und der Kernöffnung freilassen, was beispielsweise für Kühlungszwecke zweckmässig sein kann. Letzteres kann erreicht werden, indem das Verschlussstück die Kernöffnung entweder nicht vollständig überdeckt, oder aber, indem eine definierte Öffnung in dem Verschlussstück eingearbeitet ist.The closure piece, which is inserted in the recess, can Seal the core opening hermetically, or a defined one Leave the flow cross-section between the cavity and the core opening, which can be useful for cooling purposes, for example. The latter can be achieved by either closing the core opening not completely covered, or by adding a defined opening in the Closure piece is incorporated.
Eine bevorzugte Stelle zur Anbringung des Verschlussstückes oder der Aussparung ist unmittelbar am Übergang von dem Hohlraum, den das Gussteil einschliest, zur Kernöffnung. Die Aussparung und das Verschlussstück können nahezu beliebige Gestalt haben. Die Geometrie des Verschlussstückes muss natürlich derjenigen der Aussparung angepasst sein. So kann die Aussparung ein in das Gussstück eingegossener oder durch spanende Bearbeitung hergestellter Schlitz in dem Gussteil sein, der quer zu der Kernöffnung orientiert ist, und in den ein flaches Plättchen als Verschlussstück eingesetzt ist. Ebenso kann ein Stift in eine zylindrische oder konische Bohrung eingesetzt sein.A preferred location for attaching the closure piece or the Recess is right at the transition from the cavity to the casting includes, to the core opening. The recess and the closure piece can have almost any shape. The geometry of the closure piece must of course be adapted to that of the recess. So can the recess a cast in the casting or by machining made slot in the casting that is transverse to the core opening is oriented, and in which a flat plate is used as a closure piece is. A pin can also be inserted into a cylindrical or conical bore his.
Bei der Herstellung eines erfindungsgemässen Hohlteils wird zunächst der Rohling auf bekannte Weise gegossen. Aufgrund der Möglichkeit, hierbei entstehende Kernöffnungen später zuverlässig zu verschliessen, können die Kernstützen grosszügig dimensioniert werden, was die Herstellgenauigkeit im Giessprozess deutlich verbessert. Dabei kann die Aussparung schon im Rohling vorgesehen werden, was sukzessive Nachbearbeitungsschritte vereinfacht oder erspart. Durch spanende Bearbeitung mittels eines Fingerfräsers oder Bohrers kann die Aussparung auf Masshaltigkeit nachbearbeitet werden; wo keine Aussparung im Gussrohling vorhanden ist, muss diese nachträglich eingebracht werden. Die Bearbeitung kann selbstverständlich auch durch andere Verfahren, beipielsweise Erodieren, erfolgen; die Auswahl des Bearbeitungsverfahrens ist im übrigen nicht erfindungswesentlich. In die Aussparung wird nachfolgend das Verschlussstück eingesetzt und dort befestigt. Wie erwähnt, muss das Verschlussstück der Geometrie der Aussparung angepasst sein. Je nach mechanischer und thermischer Beanspruchung, sowie der Bearbeitungsmöglichkeiten, kann die Befestigung des Verschlussstücks auf unterschiedliche Weise erfolgen. So ist weiterhin eine Befestigung des Verschlussstückes durch Löten oder Schweissen möglich, wobei die Fügestellen, wie oben ausgeführt, wesentlich weniger stark belastet sind. Ebenso könnte das Verschlussstück mit Übermass ausgeführt und unter Temperaturdifferenz in die Aussparung des Gussteils eingepresst werden, oder es kann ein elastischer Spreizstift eingebracht werden, um eine reibschlüssige Verbindung zu erzielen. Schliesslich kann das Verschlussstück auch als Rundbolzen mit Gewinde eingeschraubt werden, oder das Verschlussstück wird mit dem Gussteil verstemmt, was eine formschlüssige Verbindung ergibt. Letztlich wird die Auswahl des Befestigungsverfahrens im konkreten Fall von der erwarteten Temperatur, den Werkstoffen und den zur Verfügung stehenden Fertigungsmethoden und Werkzeugen abhängen.When producing a hollow part according to the invention, the The blank is cast in a known manner. Because of the possibility of doing this The resulting core openings can be reliably closed later Core supports are generously dimensioned, which improves the manufacturing accuracy in the Casting process significantly improved. The recess can already be in the Blank are provided, which is successive post-processing steps simplified or spared. By machining using a End mill or drill can cut the recess to dimensional accuracy be reworked; where there is no recess in the cast blank, this must be introduced subsequently. The editing can naturally also by other methods, for example eroding, respectively; the selection of the processing method is otherwise not essential to the invention. The locking piece is then inserted into the recess used and attached there. As mentioned, the closure piece of the The geometry of the recess can be adapted. Depending on the mechanical and thermal stress, as well as the processing options, can Attachment of the closure piece can be done in different ways. So is further fastening the closure piece by soldering or Welding possible, the joints, as stated above, essential are less heavily loaded. Likewise, the closure piece could be oversized executed and under temperature difference in the recess of the casting be pressed in, or an elastic expansion pin can be inserted to achieve a frictional connection. After all, it can Locking piece can also be screwed in as a round bolt with thread, or the closure piece is caulked to the casting, which is a positive connection results. Ultimately, the selection of the Fastening procedure in the specific case of the expected temperature, the Materials and the available manufacturing methods and Unhook tools.
Gerade dann, wenn das gegossene Bauteil im Betrieb umströmt werden soll, ist es weiterhin sinnvoll, die Bauteilaussenseite nach dem Einbau des Verschlussstücks möglichst glatt zu gestalten. Dies kann auf einfache Weise geschehen, indem das Verschlussstück so dimensioniert wird, dass es nach dem Einbau über die Bauteiloberfläche hervorsteht und sauber bündig verschliffen wird. Especially when the cast component is to be flowed around during operation, it is still sensible to remove the outside of the component after installing the Make the closure piece as smooth as possible. This can be done easily done by dimensioning the closure piece so that it after the installation protrudes over the component surface and is clean and flush is sanded.
Das beschriebene Verfahren eignet sich besonders zur Herstellung von gekühlten Gasturbinenschaufeln. Im Inneren dieser Schaufeln befinden sich Hohlräume, die im wesentlichen vom Schaufelfuss zum Schaufelkopf verlaufen, und die im Betrieb von Kühlluft durchströmt werden. Diese Kühlluftkanäle verfügen im Allgemeinen über ausgeklügelte komplexe Geometrien, die beim Guss mit grosser Genauigkeit hergestellt werden sollen. Diese hohe Genauigkeit erfordert eine stabile beidseitige Abstützung der Gusskerne; daher sind grosszügig dimensionierte Kernstützen am Schaufelkopf und am Schaufelfuss erforderlich. Im Rohling befinden sich also sowohl am Kopf als auch am Fuss Kernöffnungen, von denen zumindest ein Teil verschlossen werden muss, um den Verlust von Kühlluft durch diese hindurch zu verhindern. Das Verfahren zum Schliessen der Kernöffnungen, wie es aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist, kann hierbei erhebliche Probleme verursachen. Die Fügestellen der von aussen aufgesetzten Verschlussstücke sind hohen Temperaturen ausgesetzt, und die Verschlussstücke am Kopf einer Laufschaufel sind mit erheblichen Fliehkräften belastet. Hinzu kommt die schlechte Schweissbarkeit hochwarmfester Legierungen, die für eine solche Anwendung verwendet werden müssen. Damit besteht die latente Gefahr, dass die Fügung, die im Betrieb mechanisch wie thermisch hoch belastet ist, versagt, was sukzessive zu einer folgenschweren Störung der Kühlluftverteilung führt. Hier kann mittels der beschriebenen Erfindung abhilfe geschaffen werden, indem die Kernöffnungen erfindungsgemäss verschlossen werden.The method described is particularly suitable for the production of cooled gas turbine blades. Inside are these blades Cavities that are essentially from the blade root to the blade head run, and through which cooling air flows during operation. This Cooling air ducts generally have sophisticated complexes Geometries that are to be produced with great accuracy during casting. This high accuracy requires stable bilateral support of the Cast cores; therefore generously dimensioned core supports are on Bucket head and blade foot required. So there are in the blank Core openings on both the head and foot, at least one of which Part must be sealed to prevent the loss of cooling air through this to prevent through. The procedure for closing the core openings, such as it is known from the prior art, this can cause considerable problems cause. The joints of the closure pieces attached from the outside are exposed to high temperatures and the closures on the head of one The blades are subject to considerable centrifugal forces. Add to that the poor weldability of high-temperature alloys necessary for such Application must be used. There is therefore a latent danger that the joining, which is subject to high mechanical and thermal loads during operation, fails, which gradually leads to a serious disruption of the Cooling air distribution leads. This can be remedied by means of the described invention are created by closing the core openings according to the invention become.
Die einzige Figur zeigt in einer sehr vereinfachten Darstellung den Kopfbereich einer gekühlten hohlgegossenen Gasturbinenschaufel, bei der Kernöffnungen erfindungsgemäss verschliessbar ausgeführt sind. The single figure shows the head area in a very simplified representation a cooled hollow cast gas turbine blade, at the core openings are designed lockable according to the invention.
Zur Illustration der Erfindung ist in der einzigen Figur der Kopfbereich einer
Gasturbinenschaufel als Beispiel für ein hohlgegossenes Bauteil dargestellt.
Innerhalb dieser Schaufel befinden sich Hohlräume 12, die durch einen Steg 17
voneinander getrennt und von Wänden 11 des Gussteils nach aussen
abgegrenzt sind. Die hier dargestellte innere Struktur des Gussteils ist nicht als
repräsentativ zu betrachten, und ist auch nicht Gegenstand der Erfindung.
Beim Giessen der dargestellten Schaufel waren zur Herstellung der Hohlräume
Kerne in der Gussform zu lagern und zu entfernen. Zur Stabilisierung der
Kernlagerung und somit zur Erhöhung der Giessgenauigkeit waren die Kerne
am Schaufelkopf durch zwei Kernstützen gelagert, die im Gussteil die
Kernöffnungen 13 hinterlassen haben, welche verschlossen werden müssen.
Zu diesem Zweck sind in dem Gussteil Aussparungen 15 vorhanden, welche
jeweils eine Kernöffnung überdecken. Die Aussparungen sind vollständig in
das Gussteil eingearbeitet, dergestalt, dass deren Durchdringungslinie 16 mit
der Bauteiloberfläche eine geschlossene Linie darstellt. Passende
Verschlussstücke 14 werden mit geringen Spiel oder Übermass in die
Aussparungen eingesetzt, wie durch die Pfeile gekennzeichnet, und dort auf
geeignete Weise befestigt.To illustrate the invention, the head area is one in the single figure
Gas turbine blade shown as an example of a hollow cast component.
Die Verschlusstücke müssen nur in einer Bewegungsrichtung, nämlich in ihrer Einbaurichtung, gegen Verrutschen gesichert werden. Die Einbaurichtung kann so gewählt werden, dass es sich um die Richtung der geringsten Belastung handelt. Wenn die dargestellte Turbinenschaufel beispielsweise eine Laufschaufel ist, so wird vorwiegend eine in dieser Zeichnung nach oben wirkende Fliehkraft auf die Verschlusstücke wirken. Da diese aber in einer im wesentlichen senkrecht zu dieser Kraft stehenden Richtung eingebaut sind, muss die Befestigung nicht die Fliehkraft tragen, sondern diese wird unmittelbar am Gussmaterial abgestützt. Somit unterligen die Fügestellen, mit denen die Verschlussstücke im Gussteil befestigt sind, nur einer geringen mechanischen Belastung.The locking pieces only have to be in one direction of movement, namely in their direction Installation direction, secured against slipping. The installation direction can be chosen so that it is the direction of the lowest load acts. For example, if the turbine blade shown is a Is a bucket, so there is predominantly one in this drawing centrifugal force acting on the locking pieces. But since these are in one are installed essentially perpendicular to this force, the attachment does not have to bear the centrifugal force, it becomes supported directly on the casting material. Thus, the joints are subject to to which the closure pieces are attached in the casting, only a small one mechanical load.
Als Verschlusstücke sind ein Plättchen und ein Bolzen dargestellt. Die Aussparung für den Bolzen kann sehr einfach durch Bohren hergestellt werden, während die für das Plättchen eine kompliziertere Bearbeitung erfordert. Andererseits muss die Aussparung für den Bolzen verhältnismässig gross sein, und schwächt auf diese Weise die Struktur des Gussbauteils in stärkerem Ausmasse, weshalb diese Lösung für sehr grosse Kernöffnungen kaum praktikabel ist.A plate and a bolt are shown as locking pieces. The Recess for the bolt can be made very easily by drilling be a more complicated process for the tile required. On the other hand, the recess for the bolt must be proportionate be large, and in this way weakens the structure of the cast component in larger dimensions, which is why this solution for very large core openings is hardly practical.
Ein Bolzen könnte beispielsweise auch ein Aussengewinde tragen, und in eine Aussparung mit Innengewinde eingeschraubt werden, woraus eine sehr einfache Art der Befestigung des Verschlussstücks im Gussteil resultiert.A bolt could also carry an external thread, for example, and into one Recess with internal thread are screwed in, which makes a very simple way of fastening the closure piece in the casting results.
Das dargestellte Ausführungsbeipiel soll im Übrigen nur das Verständnis der in den Ansprüchen gekennzeichneten Erfindung erleichtern und darf nicht in einem einschränkenden Sinne verstanden werden. Über das dargestellte Beispiel hinaus ermöglicht die Erfindung eine Vielzahl weiterer Gestaltungsvarianten, die darzustellen den Rahmen dieser Beschreibung bei weitem sprengen würde.The exemplary embodiment shown is only intended to provide an understanding of the ease the claims characterized invention and must not in be understood in a restrictive sense. About the illustrated In addition, for example, the invention enables a variety of others Design variants that represent the scope of this description would blow up far.
- 1111
- BauteilwändeComponent walls
- 1212th
- Hohlraumcavity
- 1313
- KernöffnungCore opening
- 1414
- VerschlussstückClosure piece
- 1515
- Aussparung Recess
- 1616
- Durchdringungslinie mit der BauteiloberflächePenetration line with the component surface
- 1717th
- Stegweb
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19905887A DE19905887C1 (en) | 1999-02-11 | 1999-02-11 | Hollow cast component |
| DE19905887 | 1999-02-11 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1027943A1 true EP1027943A1 (en) | 2000-08-16 |
| EP1027943B1 EP1027943B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
Family
ID=7897301
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00810097A Expired - Lifetime EP1027943B1 (en) | 1999-02-11 | 2000-02-04 | Hollow casting and method for producing the same |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6193468B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1027943B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4416252B2 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19905887C1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1188500A1 (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2002-03-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus and method for producing a turbine blade and turbine blade |
| EP1247602A1 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2002-10-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing an airfoil |
| US7057132B2 (en) | 2000-12-27 | 2006-06-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for laser welding a workpiece |
| WO2009112400A1 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-17 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Hollow-cast cast part |
| EP2257399A1 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2010-12-08 | ALSTOM Technology Ltd | Blade for a gas turbine |
| WO2015139945A1 (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for closing a hole and component |
| CN105344975A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-02-24 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Datum transformation fixture and datum transformation method for guide blades |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6883700B2 (en) * | 2002-09-26 | 2005-04-26 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Turbine blade closure system |
| US7001150B2 (en) * | 2003-10-16 | 2006-02-21 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Hollow turbine blade stiffening |
| GB2430170B (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2008-05-07 | Rolls Royce Plc | Method of forming a cast component |
| US7322396B2 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2008-01-29 | General Electric Company | Weld closure of through-holes in a nickel-base superalloy hollow airfoil |
| US7761989B2 (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2010-07-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Methods for repairing gas turbine engine components |
| US20090165988A1 (en) * | 2007-12-31 | 2009-07-02 | General Electric Company | Turbine airfoil casting method |
| US20100180599A1 (en) * | 2009-01-21 | 2010-07-22 | Thomas Stephen R | Insertable Pre-Drilled Swirl Vane for Premixing Fuel Nozzle |
| US20110277866A1 (en) * | 2010-05-13 | 2011-11-17 | Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and Method For Sealing A Ventilation Channel of A Pipe |
| CN104501381B (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2017-06-16 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Air-conditioner outdoor unit and its air outlet grate |
| US10053989B2 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2018-08-21 | General Electric Company | Cooling circuit for a multi-wall blade |
| US10746045B2 (en) | 2018-10-16 | 2020-08-18 | General Electric Company | Frangible gas turbine engine airfoil including a retaining member |
| US11111815B2 (en) | 2018-10-16 | 2021-09-07 | General Electric Company | Frangible gas turbine engine airfoil with fusion cavities |
| US10837286B2 (en) | 2018-10-16 | 2020-11-17 | General Electric Company | Frangible gas turbine engine airfoil with chord reduction |
| US10760428B2 (en) | 2018-10-16 | 2020-09-01 | General Electric Company | Frangible gas turbine engine airfoil |
| US11149558B2 (en) | 2018-10-16 | 2021-10-19 | General Electric Company | Frangible gas turbine engine airfoil with layup change |
| US11434781B2 (en) | 2018-10-16 | 2022-09-06 | General Electric Company | Frangible gas turbine engine airfoil including an internal cavity |
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| DE4434139C1 (en) * | 1994-09-24 | 1995-08-31 | Ford Werke Ag | Metal core supports integrated into the casting |
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| US3761201A (en) * | 1969-04-23 | 1973-09-25 | Avco Corp | Hollow turbine blade having diffusion bonded therein |
| US3626568A (en) * | 1969-04-23 | 1971-12-14 | Avco Corp | Method for bonding pins into holes in a hollow turbine blade |
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| DE19647069A1 (en) * | 1996-11-14 | 1998-05-20 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Hollow cast body e.g. printing machine cylinder preform |
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1999
- 1999-02-11 DE DE19905887A patent/DE19905887C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-01 US US09/345,509 patent/US6193468B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-02-04 EP EP00810097A patent/EP1027943B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-04 DE DE50007947T patent/DE50007947D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-14 JP JP2000035980A patent/JP4416252B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-29 US US09/650,407 patent/US6516865B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2821323A (en) * | 1955-12-07 | 1958-01-28 | Lee Co | Pin plug |
| DE3936171A1 (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1991-05-02 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Exhaust manifold for IC engine - has cooling rib on common wall between manifold collection lines |
| DE4434139C1 (en) * | 1994-09-24 | 1995-08-31 | Ford Werke Ag | Metal core supports integrated into the casting |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1188500A1 (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2002-03-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus and method for producing a turbine blade and turbine blade |
| WO2002022291A1 (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2002-03-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for producing a blade for a turbine and blade produced according to this method |
| US6805535B2 (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2004-10-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for producing a blade for a turbine and blade produced according to this method |
| US7057132B2 (en) | 2000-12-27 | 2006-06-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for laser welding a workpiece |
| EP1247602A1 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2002-10-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing an airfoil |
| WO2009112400A1 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-17 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Hollow-cast cast part |
| US8721284B2 (en) | 2008-03-11 | 2014-05-13 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Hollow-cast casting with a closure device |
| EP2257399A1 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2010-12-08 | ALSTOM Technology Ltd | Blade for a gas turbine |
| WO2015139945A1 (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for closing a hole and component |
| CN105344975A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-02-24 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Datum transformation fixture and datum transformation method for guide blades |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6193468B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 |
| JP4416252B2 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
| JP2000246395A (en) | 2000-09-12 |
| DE50007947D1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
| US6516865B1 (en) | 2003-02-11 |
| EP1027943B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
| DE19905887C1 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
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