EP0985891B1 - Method and device for heating and/or cooling a room - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves using flat radiation elements (F1) through which a common heat carrying medium flows that is heated by a heat source (W) and/or cooled by a cold source (K), and passes back to the heat and/or cold source through a common return path (R). The return temp. of the cooling circuit is set above that of the heating circuit for simultaneous heating and cooling. An Independent claim is also included for an arrangement for heating and/or cooling separate rooms in a building.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for heating and / or Cooling of separate ones located in at least one building Rooms and / or of at least one large area with zones different heating or cooling requirements using Area beam elements.

Such methods and devices are available in different versions known, e.g. B. from US 3,176,759. Those in the floor, on the walls and / or surface jet elements preferably arranged on the ceiling of the rooms are from a common heat transfer medium, preferably water, flows through, which is heated in a heat source and / or in a cold source is cooled and that after flowing through the surface beam elements through a common return if necessary to the heat source and / or cold source is returned.

The best known type of such devices are the so-called Ceiling radiant heaters, whose surface radiant elements below the ceiling of the heating rooms are hung. Such a flat beam element as well a method and a device for its production are in European Patent application 98 103 537.1 described.

Using surface jet elements, rooms or Not only heat room zones, but also cool them. While heating which has a temperature above the room air temperature Area radiation element mainly by radiation to the heat Boundary walls of the room and the objects in the room and releases living beings (without directly heating the air in the room) increases the cooling of the surface jet element, the temperature of which below Indoor air temperature is the heat emitted by radiation Boundary walls as well as objects and in the room Living beings on, so that they are cooled. This heating and cooling can be used not only for separate rooms, but also for individual zones Large area can be done independently. The radiation component is included heating by means of surface beam elements arranged on the ceiling about 80% of the total heat output, with cooling at about 50%. The residual heat is transferred by convection or heat conduction.

When installing such surface beam elements that are not only used for heating, but also used to cool rooms by means of radiation, it is known to reduce the installation effort a so-called Three-pipe system to use, in which the returns from the heating circuit and the Returns from the cooling circuit merged into a common return become. This results in a material saving on pipes and Installation materials; since the return temperature of the heating circuit is in the Usually lies above the return temperature of the cooling circuit for both reheating and cooling the Heat transfer medium additional energy expenditure due to the common reflux-setting mixing temperature compared to a separate heating circuit return lower and compared to a separate Cooling circuit return is higher.

The invention has for its object to provide a method and a device of the type described above, in which the excess energy present in the rooms of the building or generated by internal or external heat sources is used for heating or cooling and the destruction of energy is avoided ,

The solution to this problem by the method according to the invention is characterized in that the return temperature of the cooling circuit is set to a value above the return temperature with simultaneous heating and cooling, all of the surface jet elements (F) always being given the full predetermined regardless of the respective heating or cooling requirement Flows through the heat transfer medium and the respective heating or cooling requirements of the individual rooms (R1-R4) or room zones (R5a, R5b, R5c) are covered by regulating the temperature of the heat transfer medium supplied to the corresponding surface jet elements (F) by means of mixing valves.

This configuration of the method according to the invention results in Advantage that a temperature when mixing the heating and cooling circuit return of the heat transfer medium, which is lower for the cooling circuit and for the heating circuit is higher than without mixing the returns, so that the amount of primary energy required for reheating or cooling is reduced in both cases. Instead of supplying additional primary energy takes place in the inventive method with simultaneous heating and Cooling of the rooms or large rooms a full utilization Excess heat due to heat transfer between the Rooms or room zones with different heating or cooling requirements. Just if the overall energy balance is not balanced, additional will Primary energy needed for heating or cooling.

According to a further feature of the method according to the invention all radiant panels regardless of the respective heating or Cooling requirement always with the full specified amount of Flows through heat transfer medium; the respective heating or cooling requirements individual rooms or room zones is controlled by temperature of the corresponding area beam elements Heat transfer medium covered.

This has the advantage for the inventive method that all surface jet elements always with the same flow rate or a constant volume flow, so that with constant power and speed running pumps preferably in Return of the heating and cooling circuit can be arranged. Through the resulting constant hydraulic conditions result there are minimal flow losses. The regulation of the respectively required Temperature of the heat transfer medium takes place via mixing valves, which in Dependence on that in the respective room or in the respective room zone measured temperature can be controlled.

In the known devices for heating and / or cooling below The use of surface beam elements is in each case by means of a Flow line and a return line with a heat source or a Cold source connected and from a common heat transfer medium flows in a closed circuit by at least one pump is circulated.

Based on such a known design of a device for Heating and / or cooling of at least one building separate rooms and / or at least one large room with zones with different heating or cooling requirements Device according to the invention defined in that the flow line the surface beam elements belonging to a room or a room zone via a controlled by the respective room or room zone temperature Mixing valve with both the heating flow coming from the heat source and also connected to the cooling flow coming from the cold source and the Return line of all surface jet elements via a common Hydraulic return with both the heat source and the cold source are decoupled, the common return via one Bypass line to the heat or cold source using one each Premix valve is connected to the heating flow or the cooling flow.

Through this development of the known device according to the invention created the possibility that in the different rooms or Excess heat accruing in room zones due to heat shift to the rooms or room zones with a higher heating or cooling requirement exploit, so that no primary energy has to be used for this. The Premix valves used according to the invention are dependent on by the temperature sensors in the individual rooms or room zones determined requirements for heating or cooling output controlled, the Regulation is designed so that a consumption of primary energy, i.e. on The premix valves for heating or cooling flow only open when if the recovered energy contained in the common return is not is sufficient to meet the needs of the warmest or coldest room cover. In a practical implementation, the position of Mixing valves are monitored to determine the heating or cooling requirements of the respective room or the respective room zone for the control of the premix valves determine.

According to a further feature of the invention, at least one is included constant power driven circulation pump arranged in the return.

Fig. 1

schematisch eine Anordnung von zu beheizenden bzw. zu kühlenden Räumen,

Fig. 2

ein Schaltbild einer zugehörigen Einrichtung gemäß der Erfindung und

Fig. 3

ein Diagramm mit einem Beispiel der zugehörigen Heiz- und Kühlkurven des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.

The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are subsequently explained using an exemplary embodiment using drawings. From the drawings shows:

Fig. 1

schematically an arrangement of rooms to be heated or cooled,

Fig. 2

a circuit diagram of an associated device according to the invention and

Fig. 3

a diagram with an example of the associated heating and cooling curves of the method according to the invention.

From the schematic arrangement of arranged in a building 1 shows that the building has a total of five rooms R1 to R5 comprises, wherein the spaces R1 to R4 are from each other separate rooms and for room R5 around a large room with room zones R5a up to R5c deals with different heating or cooling requirements. The hatched Area of the arrangement shown in the manner of a floor plan For example, an unheated and uncooled hallway to access the Clear R1 to R5.

Despite identical design of the respective outside temperature dependent heating or cooling requirements arise depending on the Occupancy of the individual rooms R1 to R5 with people and machines as well depending on one that changes over the course of the day Sunshine for the individual rooms R1 to R5 at any time different heating and cooling requirements. In particular in a well-insulated building, there will be rooms that have a strong occupancy with people and machines and possibly more Sun exposure must be cooled to the specified Maintaining room temperature, while facing away from the sunny side with rooms occupied by only one person and containing no machines at the same time must be heated.

2, which is an embodiment of a device shows, a plurality of surface beam elements F are shown, each are assigned to one of the rooms R1 to R5. At the chosen one In the exemplary embodiment, an area beam element F1 is located in space R1 and a surface beam element F3 in room R3, whereas two in room R2 Surface beam elements F2 are arranged. There are three in room R4 Surface beam elements F4 arranged. Also located in the greater R5 area a total of three surface beam elements F5a, F5b and F5c, one each these surface beam elements of a spatial zone R5a or R5b or R5c assigned.

Each area beam element F1 to F4 and F5a, F5b and F5c is over one Flow line 1 connected to the heating flow HV of a heat source W, and with the interposition of a so-called hydraulic switch HW for hydraulic decoupling of the surface beam elements F containing hydraulic circuit from the hydraulic circuit of the heat source W.

Between the heating flow HV and the flow line 1, to which each a room R1 to R4 or to a room zone R5a, R5b and R5c belonging area jet elements F are connected, is located in each case a motor-driven mixing valve 3. These mixing valves 3 are around 3-way valves to which the cooling flow KV of a cooling source K is connected, the primary circuit also by means of a hydraulic Switch HW from the circuit containing the area beam elements F. is hydraulically decoupled.

Each area jet element F is also connected via a return line 2 a return R common to all of the surface beam elements F. This return R is both on the respective hydraulic switch HW with the heating return HR of the heat source W as well as with the cooling return KR of the cold source K in connection. In the primary circuits between the respective hydraulic switch HW and the heat source W or the Cooling sources K, circulation pumps PW and PK are arranged. Also shows Fig. 2 shows a circulation pump P for the area jet elements F containing Circulation. This circulation pump P is arranged in the return R.

Between this circulation pump P and the connection of the return R on the one hand to the heating return HR and on the other hand to the cooling return KR are two bypass lines 4 and 5 connected to the return R, the this via a also designed as a motor-operated 3-way valve Connect premix valve 6 to the heating flow HV or the cooling flow KV. By means of these premixing valves 6, it is possible that R backflowing heat transfer medium bypassing the heat source W or cold source K directly to the heating flow HV or the cooling flow KV supply.

This is done by the circulation pump P arranged in the return R. Heat transfer medium with constant volume flow via the heating flow HV and / or cooling flow KV and via the flow lines 1 and Return lines 2 and the return R in a closed circuit the surface beam elements F circulated. The respective heating or cooling requirement to a room R1 to R4 or a room zone R5a, R5b and R5c belonging surface jet elements F is here by the regulation of Temperature of the heat transfer medium in the respective flow line 1 covered. For this purpose, control in the individual rooms R1 to R4 or in the room zones 5a, 5b and 5c arranged temperature sensors of the mixing valves 3. For example, has the area jet element F1 in the room R1 a high heating requirement, the associated mixing valve 3 becomes such controlled that there is only heat transfer medium from the heating flow HV feed line 1. If the area beam element F3 in space R3 at the same time has an increased cooling requirement, the mixing valve 3 connects the associated flow line 1 essentially with the cooling flow KV. Requirements lying between these two extremes are met by Appropriate mixing of the one hand from the heating flow HV and on the other hand, heat transfer medium coming from the cooling flow KV Fulfills. If a surface jet element F should neither heat nor cool, it with heat transfer medium with a temperature corresponding to the room temperature Temperature charged.

The diagram in FIG. 3 shows three heating and cooling temperature curves, H ₁ , H ₂ , H ₃ and K ₁ , K ₂ , K _3, which are shown as the temperature of the heat transfer medium over the outside temperature for surface jet elements under different operating loads.

Curve H ₁ represents the heating temperature curve of a room for a full heating operation, that is, its heat requirement to maintain a predetermined room temperature without internal or external heat sources. The required temperature of the heat transfer medium in the heating flow HV, which emits its heat via at least one surface radiation element, is plotted above the outside temperature in the upper, dash-dotted part of curve H ₁ . The lower part of the curve H ₁ , marked by dashes and two points, shows the temperature of the heat transfer medium when it leaves the surface jet element in the heating return HR. At an outside temperature of -10 ° C, a heat transfer medium is therefore required to heat the room, which enters the surface radiation element at 27.5 ° C and which leaves this surface radiation element at 24.3 ° C. At an outside temperature of + 8 ° C, on the other hand, a temperature of the heat transfer medium of 23.4 ° C is required in the heating flow HV, whereby HR 22.2 ° C is set in the heating return.

Curve K ₁ shows the cooling temperature curve of the same room in order to maintain the same assumed room temperature using the same area jet element. Curve K ₁ shows the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the cooling flow KV with the lower part, symbolized by lines and a cross, above the outside temperature, whereas the upper part of curve K _1, marked by lines and two crosses, shows the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the cooling return KR reproduces. At an outside temperature of + 30 ° C, a temperature of the heat transfer medium in the cooling flow KV of 19.5 ° C is required to cool the room to the specified room temperature, with a temperature of the heat transfer medium in the cooling return KR of 22.4 ° C established.

The heating temperature curve H ₂ and the cooling temperature curve K ₂ show the corresponding temperatures of the heat transfer medium for the same room and the same predetermined room temperature above the outside temperature when normal use of the room takes place, in particular by presence of the assumed number of people and installation of the devices intended for the normal case , especially lighting fixtures and office machines.

Curves H ₂ and K ₂ show, in comparison to curves H ₁ and K ₁ , that the heat demand for heating decreases due to these additional internal heat sources (lower temperature in the heating flow HV and heating return HR), but that the cooling demand increases, ie lower temperature especially in the cooling flow KV.

If the same room is exposed to a greater load from other people and devices and also additionally from sunlight, the situation shown by the curves H ₃ and K ₃ results in maintaining the specified room temperature. Here, for example, only a temperature of the heat transfer medium in the heating flow HV of 23.8 ° C is required for heating at an outside temperature of -10 ° C, which leads to a temperature in the heating return HR of 22.2 ° C. At an outside temperature of + 8 ° C, on the other hand, no heating is required, but rather a slight cooling of the room, with a temperature of the heat transfer medium in the cooling flow KV of 22 ° C, which results in a temperature in the cooling return KR of 22.4 ° C , At an outside temperature of 30 ° C, the heat transfer medium must have a temperature in the cooling flow KV of 16.9 ° C, resulting in a coolant return temperature of 22.5 ° C.

The curves explained above show an overlap of the heating and Cooling temperature curves in a range from approximately + 6 ° C to + 20 ° C Outside temperature. In this temperature range, there can be several Rooms simultaneous heating and cooling of some rooms or room zones occur.

If an average load on the rooms R1 to R4 and room zones R5a, R5b and R5c shown in FIG. 1 is assumed in accordance with the curves H ₂ and K ₂ , the heating returns HR combined in accordance with FIG Line HR _m shown curve and for the cooling returns KR the curve marked KR _m , which corresponds approximately to the cooling return temperature of the cooling curve K ₂ .

The diagram in FIG. 3 shows that the average temperature of the cooling return according to the curve KR _{m is} always higher than the average temperature of the heating return according to the curve HR _m . With a mixture of the heat carrier flows coming from the return lines 2 in the common return R according to FIG. 2, a temperature of the heat transfer medium is thus achieved which always leads to a reduction in the temperature in the cooling return KR and to an increase in the temperature in the heating return HR. This means that less primary energy has to be used on the one hand for heating and on the other hand for cooling the rooms, because the necessary heating or cooling requirements are made available to a large extent by energy shift between the individual rooms or room zones.

Finally, it follows from the above explanations that it is the beam elements used are high-performance elements, where there are small temperature differences between flow and return sufficient for both heating and cooling. At the chosen one An embodiment ranges between + 16 ° C and + 28 ° C Temperature of the heat transfer medium, i.e. a temperature difference of 12 ° C to the rooms and room zones in the area of an outside temperature from -14 ° C to + 36 ° C at the specified room temperature. For an outside air difference of 10 ° C is sufficient for a temperature difference of Heat transfer medium of only 2.4 ° C, due to the energy shift to maintain the specified room temperatures.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

F

Space beam element

H ₁

heating curve

H ₂

heating curve

H ₃

heating curve

MR

Heizrücklauf

HV

Heizvorlauf

HW

hydraulic switch

K

cold source

K ₁

cooling curve

K ₂

cooling curve

K ₃

cooling curve

KR

Cooling return

KV

cooling flow

P

circulating pump

PW

circulating pump

PK

circulating pump

R

returns

R1

room

R2

room

R3

room

R4

room

R5

Greater

5a

room zone

R5b

room zone

5c

room zone

W

heat source

1

supply line

2

Return line

3

mixing valve

4

bypass line

5

bypass line

6

Vormischventil

Claims (4)

1. Method for heating and/or cooling rooms (R1-R4) which are located in at least one building and are separate from one another and/or at least one large room (R5) with zones (R5a, R5b, R5c) with a differing heating or cooling requirement using radiant panel heaters (F), through which a common heat transfer medium flows, which medium is heated in a heat source (W) and/or cooled in a cold source (K) and which, after flowing through the radiant panel heaters (F), is returned via a common return (R) to the heat source (W) and/or cold source (K), as required,
   characterised in that the return temperature of the cooling circuit is set to a value above the return temperature of the heating circuit while heating and cooling at the same time, wherein the entire predetermined quantity of the heat transfer medium constantly flows through all the radiant panel heaters (F), irrespective of the respective heating or cooling requirement, and the respective heating or cooling requirement of the individual rooms (R1-R4) or room zones (R5a, R5b, R5c) is covered by regulating the temperature of the heat transfer medium which is delivered to the corresponding radiant panel heaters (F) by means of mixing valves.
2. Device for heating and/or cooling rooms (R1-R4) which are located in at least one building and are separate from one another and/or at least one large room (R5) with zones (R5a, R5b, R5c) with a differing heating or cooling requirement, wherein the device comprises radiant panel heaters (F), which are each connected by means of an advance line (1) and a return line (2) to a heat source (W) and a cold source (K), respectively, and through which a common heat transfer medium flows, which medium is circulated in a closed circuit by at least one pump (P), wherein the advance line (1) of the radiant panel heaters (F) belonging to a room (R1-R4) or a room zone (R5a, R5b, R5c) is connected via a mixing valve (3), which is controlled by the respective room or room zone temperature, both to the heating advance (HV) coming from the heat source (W) and to the cooling advance (KV) coming from the cold source (K), and the return line (2) of all the radiant panel heaters (F) is connected in a hydraulically isolated manner via a common return (R) both to the heat source (W) and to the cold source (K), wherein the common return (R) is connected via a respective bypass line (4, 5) in relation to the heat source (W) and cold source (K), respectively, to the heating advance (HV) and the cooling advance (KV), respectively, by means of a respective premixing valve (6).
3. Device according to Claim 2, characterised in that the position of the mixing valves (3) is monitored in order to control the premixing valves (6).
4. Device according to Claim 2 or 3, characterised in that at least one circulating pump (P), which is operated with a constant capacity, is disposed in the return (R).

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