EP0973838A4 - Strongly adherent film forming compositions with low coefficient of friction - Google Patents
Strongly adherent film forming compositions with low coefficient of frictionInfo
- Publication number
- EP0973838A4 EP0973838A4 EP98914644A EP98914644A EP0973838A4 EP 0973838 A4 EP0973838 A4 EP 0973838A4 EP 98914644 A EP98914644 A EP 98914644A EP 98914644 A EP98914644 A EP 98914644A EP 0973838 A4 EP0973838 A4 EP 0973838A4
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polyethylene
- coating material
- resin
- coating
- friction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/043—Mannich bases
- C10M2217/0435—Mannich bases used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/044—Polyamides
- C10M2217/0443—Polyamides used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/045—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
- C10M2217/0453—Polyureas; Polyurethanes used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
- C10M2217/0465—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
- C10N2050/02—Dispersions of solid lubricants dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating
Definitions
- compositions which when applied to an object and cured to form a film that is strongly adherent to the object, that has a surface with a low coefficient of friction, and with additives can be added for purposes such as corrosion resistance and coloration.
- Coating materials to protect and to improve the surface qualities of objects such as- metallic fasteners have enjoyed widespread usage and acceptance, especially in the aerospace field where stringent requirements often exist. Among them are to provide a surface with a low coefficient of friction, to be strongly adherent to the substrate, and to be amenable to the addition of additives for various purposes such as corrosion resistance and coloration.
- One such requirement relates to coatings for fasteners which are to make an interference fit in a hole in a metal sheet or plate. It is not unusual for a fastener pin to have a diameter as much as 0.00762 or greater centimeters (0.003 or greater inches) larger than the diameter of the hole into which it is to be pressed. Because the solid pin resists compression more than the hole resists expansion, the wall of the hole must be expanded by the pin as it enters the hole creating an elastic deformation of the metal surrounding the hole. This results in a strong preloaded gripping force on the fastener pin which exerts a frictional force on the pin while it is being pressed or driven into the hole.
- lubricity The most critical requirement is lubricity. The lower the coefficient of friction, the lower will be the required insertion force to overcome the frictional restraining force caused by the interference fit.
- lubricity was principally supplied by Teflon which is incorporated into the composition. As stated, the lowest coefficient of friction created by that composition without a supplementary lubricant is not low enough for the newer requirements. In fact, it has been common shop practice to dip a fastener already coated with Hi-Kote material in a liquid lubricant such as a solution of cetyl alcohol. Then the Hi-Kote covered fastener can meet the 680.3886 kg (1,500 lb.) push-in force limitation.
- additives to reduce the coefficient of friction of a surface are known.
- examples pertinent to this invention are polyolefin such as polyethylene.
- Additives to reduce coefficient of friction are well-known and include polyethylene. Examples are Slip-Ayd products Nos. SL 31 and SL 50 sold by Daniel Products Company, Inc., of Jersey City, New Jersey. These products are widely used to increase lubricity of coating compositions, and to create surfaces which because of their lubricity actually resist being polished.
- Coatings on fasteners which must be inserted into an undersized hole are generally on the order of about 0.000508 cm (0.0002 inches) to 0.00127 cm (0.0005 inches) thick. They are tested for adhesion by wrinkling the substrate or by isolating small patches of the coating and attempting to remove them by a designated powers. These tests, while crude, are accepted and are functionally sufficient.
- polytetrafluoroethylene nor polyethylene is especially suited for adhesion to a substrate, and the entire composition is formulated to create a film which adhere at least partially to the substrate substances in place. It is surprising that the combination of polyethylene polytetrafluoroethylene, neither of which is well-suited for adhesion, provides a suitably adherent coating.
- a film forming composition according to this invention includes a resin, fillers to accomplish various objectives such as lubricity, corrosion resistance and color, and a solvent to enable the composition to be applied.
- thermosetting resin which include polyesters, since phenolics, epoxies and polyurethanes.
- the phenol-formaldehyde resins are preferred, when heat-cured in situ they provide an adherent, chemically-resistant coating.
- the inherent brittleness of the phenolics may be decreased by flexibilizing it with a variety of resins or plasticizers, such as polybutylene and DOP (dioctylpthalate) .
- Fillers can be added to provide features such as corrosion resistance, lubricity and color, as will be described below.
- lubricity is provided by the inclusion of both polytetrafluoroethylene and a polyolefin, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, a copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene, and their mixtures.
- a volatile solvent or solvents will be added to the pre-cured resin and filler mixture to enable it to be applied to the substrate by dipping or spraying, after which the coating will be dried and cured.
- Fig. 1 is an oblique view of a coated fastener according to this invention
- Fig. 2 is an axial cross-section of a coated fastener according to this invention.
- Fig. 3 is a cross-section of a plate having a hole into which the fastener of Fig. 1 is to be pressed.
- a metal workpiece 15 (Fig. 3) has a drilled hole 16 through it that has a diameter 17.
- a fastener 10 (Fig. 1) with a head 11 and a cylindrical shank 12 is to be pressed into hole 16.
- the diameter 13 of the shank is, however, larger than diameter 17 of the hole.
- the force required to insert the larger pin into the smaller hole must overcome the frictional force developed between the pin and the wall. This force is a function of the spring-back force exerted by the expanded wall and the coefficient of friction between the shank and the wall of the hole.
- the push- in force will be reduced as a direct function of reduction of the coefficient of friction.
- the coefficient of friction between the bare metal shank and the bare wall of the hole in an aluminum plate or sheet is so large as to obviate the use of a metal-to-metal interference fit.
- a surface treatment is required to reduce the coefficient of friction, such as the cited Hi-Kote coating to enable the pin to be inserted into the interference fit hole. Adhesion of the coating to the surface of the pin is essential.
- a coating according to this invention provides a film of which at least the base part is so adherent that it cannot be mechanically removed except along with some of the underlying metal of the shank. It thereby provides a reliably slick surface with a coefficient of friction low enough to enable a fastener to be pressed in with remarkably lower forces.
- Fig. 2 shows fastener 10 with its metal body surrounded by a coating 20 according to this invention.
- the coating will have a dimension of thickness 21 established in part by the viscosity of the liquid mixture when it is being applied. Its preferred thickness will usually be on the order of about 0.000762 cm (0.0003 inches) to 0.001016 cm (0.0004 inches) .
- the film-forming composition which provides a sufficiently low coefficient of friction, comprises a cured mixture of the following components: a thermosetting resin, fillers, and a solvent.
- the resin is a thermosetting type which when cured adheres to the metal substrate and forms a tough outer cladding for the substrate. It resists wrinkling and lift-off removal, and is tolerant of the additives that are generally used. It is temperature resistant, resisting stresses caused by thermal cycling, and is resistant to solvents that are likely to come into contact with it.
- thermosetting resin a thermosetting resin. Families of commercially available resins which are at least potentially useful are polyesters, phenolics, epoxies, and polyurethanes . Phenol-formaldehyde resins condensed to the A state where it is soluble in certain solvents is the preferred resin.
- the cured resin may be flexibilized by the addition of known and commercially available resins, the best example of which is polybutylene.
- Liquid plasticizers can also be used, for example DOP.
- chromates For corrosion resistance one may choose from the class of chromates, borates, and molybdates. Chromates are generally preferred, and the chromates of barium, strontium and zinc are used. Strontium chromate is often preferred because its lesser solubility tends toward a longer life of its function.
- quantities of polytetrafluoroethylene and of an olefin based on either polyethylene or polypropylene selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, a copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene, and their mixtures are incorporated into the formulation prior to curing.
- colorizing materials may be added as appropriate to the desired color.
- Solvent-soluble dyes and pigments are suitable.
- Aluminum may be used should a metallic color be desired.
- the resin and fillers will be incorporated into a solvent carrier.
- the solvent must be volatile, and be able to dissolve the uncured resin.
- the thermosetting resin is partially reacted to form a solvent soluble oligomer into which the fillers are stirred and milled to form a paste. Then this paste is dissolved in the solvent.
- Suitable solvents are aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene or toluene; alcohol such as methyl, ethyl or a propyl alcohol ketone or methyl isobutyl ketone; or other suitable solvents or their any of their combinations.
- the coating mixture may be sprayed onto the substrate, or the substrates may be dipped into it. They are then dried at a moderate temperature to evaporate the solvent and create a non-tacky surface. Thereafter the coated article is heated, for example for about one hour at 204.44 °C (400 degrees F) , to cure the coating to its final thermoset condition.
- the strontium chromate may be eliminated, all other components remaining in the same ratio to one another.
- the aluminum may be eliminated or replaced by another pigment to obtain a suitable color.
- the presently-preferred compositions, percentages by weight, useful for corrosion resistance and coloration as well as for a low coefficient of friction are as follows:
- a useful source for the resin is Georgia Pacific BKS 2600. It is as a resol solution supplied into which the other constituents are added. The other components are readily commercially available from a number of sources.
- coatings described herein have been described with particular reference to use as coatings for fasteners, the utility is not limited to fasteners, but they may be also be applied to other surfaces requiring a lower coefficient of friction. They are applicable to metals other than titanium, for example to steel and to aluminum.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US84009997A | 1997-04-11 | 1997-04-11 | |
US840099 | 1997-04-11 | ||
PCT/US1998/007122 WO1998046687A1 (en) | 1997-04-11 | 1998-04-10 | Strongly adherent film forming compositions with low coefficient of friction |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0973838A1 EP0973838A1 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
EP0973838A4 true EP0973838A4 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
Family
ID=25281449
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98914644A Withdrawn EP0973838A4 (en) | 1997-04-11 | 1998-04-10 | Strongly adherent film forming compositions with low coefficient of friction |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0973838A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4757362B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU6894998A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2286211C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998046687A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7842403B2 (en) | 2006-02-23 | 2010-11-30 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Antifriction coatings, methods of producing such coatings and articles including such coatings |
FR3026446B1 (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2017-12-01 | Lisi Aerospace | LUBRICATED INTERFERENCE FASTENING |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3979351A (en) * | 1973-01-26 | 1976-09-07 | Hi-Shear Corporation | Protective coating material |
JPS62205177A (en) * | 1986-03-05 | 1987-09-09 | Nok Corp | Nbr based vulcanizable adhesive and bonding using said adhesive |
US5624978A (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1997-04-29 | Morton International, Inc. | Conductive, internally lubricated barrier coating for metal |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4074011A (en) * | 1974-04-25 | 1978-02-14 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Topcoated phosphated bolts, nuts and washers |
AU529334B2 (en) * | 1978-07-17 | 1983-06-02 | Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd. | Laminating plastic film to the surface of metal |
US5082698A (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1992-01-21 | Morton Coatings, Inc. | Aqueous epoxy resin compositions and metal substrates coated therewith |
-
1998
- 1998-04-10 JP JP54405198A patent/JP4757362B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-10 WO PCT/US1998/007122 patent/WO1998046687A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-04-10 AU AU68949/98A patent/AU6894998A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-04-10 EP EP98914644A patent/EP0973838A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-04-10 CA CA002286211A patent/CA2286211C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3979351A (en) * | 1973-01-26 | 1976-09-07 | Hi-Shear Corporation | Protective coating material |
JPS62205177A (en) * | 1986-03-05 | 1987-09-09 | Nok Corp | Nbr based vulcanizable adhesive and bonding using said adhesive |
US5624978A (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1997-04-29 | Morton International, Inc. | Conductive, internally lubricated barrier coating for metal |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 198742, Derwent World Patents Index; Class A12, AN 1987-294528, XP002137017 * |
See also references of WO9846687A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4757362B2 (en) | 2011-08-24 |
AU6894998A (en) | 1998-11-11 |
WO1998046687A1 (en) | 1998-10-22 |
JP2001526713A (en) | 2001-12-18 |
EP0973838A1 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
CA2286211C (en) | 2007-06-19 |
CA2286211A1 (en) | 1998-10-22 |
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