EP0972883A1 - Method for the production and sinking in the soil of a tubular body and apparatus for carrying out this method - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for constructing large diameter vertical concrete shafts has the shaft wall poured on site and sunk into the ground by excavating under the wall. A pile (6) is rammed into the ground in the central axis of the shaft and supports the inner shuttering (3) for pouring the shaft wall. The outer shuttering (1) is supported on the ground. The steel reinforced shuttering is poured in sections followed by sinking the wall by excavating under the wall. For sinking wells the water and soil mixture can be pumped out from the bottom of the shaft as it progresses downwards while water replaces the removed spoil.

Description

The invention relates to a method such as defined in the first part of claim 1.

Such a method is known from DE 43 07 397 to be known. This is the manufacture and that with concrete lining a well shaft, in other words, attaching a tubular body to the ground, its diameter by definition at most a few Meters is limited and its reaching into the ground The end remains open.

The inner peripheral surface of the tubular body to be manufactured has a sawtooth profile, seen in the vertical direction. Internal formwork is used for this purpose, which consists of a number of one above the other, is conically tapered rings. After casting and hardening of a ring section of the The system becomes the desired tubular body in the formwork room the inner formwork rings and the shaped tubular body section overall lowered into the ground, whereupon the Inner formwork rings disassembled and again in the casting position installed within the fixed external formwork be on top of the already shaped one and are supported in the tube body reaching into the ground.

The invention now intends to provide a method create that especially for making in the ground reaching tubular bodies of larger diameter (i.e. one Diameter of 10 meters and more) is suitable. The The tubular body should be at the end reaching into the ground to be introverted.

More particularly, the invention contemplates one Alternative to what is generally used in practice Deep wall method to offer when in the floor with body relatively large cross-sectional dimensions Need to become.

For this purpose, the method according to the invention has the Features defined in the second of claim 1.

If the pipe body to be manufactured is below the groundwater level should reach into the ground, as in the first part of claim 2 is indicated, has the inventive The method described in the second part of claim 2 defined characteristics.

By making the support tube a relatively small one Diameter, it can be made using standard techniques, such as ramming, vibrating or drilling.

It should be noted that DE 947540 describes a method to produce one that extends vertically into the ground Tubular body is known, the tubular body also at its end reaching into the ground is closed. In this case (see Fig. 1-5) a cutting ring is used, the one with the tubular body bottom end closing bottom forms a whole. There is a below the cutting ring / floor arrangement Work space that extends from the floor to the top Pipe can be dredged, depending on the pipe body to sink into the ground. Such a procedure would in the case of tubular bodies of larger diameter, such as the invention intends not to be applicable.

Furthermore, a method is known from US 4,054,034 become known, starting from a swimming platform open lake a vertical one reaching into the water Pipe body of larger diameter (i.e. more than 10 meters) produced and lowered into the water which Tubular body at its end reaching into the water is closed. In this case, floating on a Auxiliary platform first the lower end of the tubular body final bottom shaped, after which the pipe wall gradually from the space between a fixed exterior and Internal formwork is formed and with the floor by easing of suspension cables lowered into the water overall becomes. Of course, such a procedure would for the production of a tubular body reaching into the ground corresponding diameter may not be applicable.

Finally, it should be noted that it is general is known tubular body made of reinforced concrete on the To erect floor by one from an external formwork and an internal formwork existing sliding formwork upwards moved over the gradually lengthening tubular body becomes. So this is one on the Floor to be erected tubular body and an upward moving Formwork while no earth is being excavated.

In the case of one reaching below the groundwater level Tubular body, it is recommended to remove or Suction of the ground / water mixture in the last phase of the manufacturing process with the addition of Water (e.g. via the central support tube) to carry out so that the groundwater level as much as possible remains unaffected. After pouring the concrete after the "underwater concrete process" can if necessary Tie rods attached to prevent unwanted expansion be what the water above the poured floor is pumped out and then the desired one on this floor Ready-to-waterproof flooring made of e.g. Reinforced concrete can be attached.

The invention also relates to a device to carry out the method described above, which device a fixed on the floor External formwork, one built inside the latter Internal formwork, one from the formwork space between outside and inner formwork can be pushed down vertically Cut ring, and means for loosening and draining Has soil below and within the cutting ring.

According to the invention, this device is characterized in that that the interior formwork from a vertical support tube centered in the ground and supported becomes.

According to another feature of the invention, the cutter ring also with respect to the vertical support tube centered by means of a number of themselves radially from the cutter ring to one surrounding the support tube Slide bushing extending elements.

A special version is obtained in that the radially extending elements with their ends rotatable at the cutter ring or are stored on the sliding bush and at the same time the means of loosening and transporting of the excavated earth. For example, the radially extending elements from the earth from the outside to the outside inside conveyor screws.

A preferred form of training has the characteristic that the screw conveyor shafts through on the outer end parts the same provided drive devices protrude and carry a pinion on their outer ends, which in one provided on the inner circumference of the cutting ring Engages ring gear.

The screw conveyor arrangement rotating in the horizontal plane causes a very regular digging and is particularly suitable for excavation during the last phase when the tube body being formed under Groundwater level has reached. The in that phase the transport screws were transported inwards from the circumference Earth can then in the center by means of the central Support tube downward reaching suction tubes transported become.

According to another feature of the invention is the sliding bush divided trained so that if necessary later, e.g. shortly before reaching the groundwater, with the transport screws can be installed.

Fig. 1 ist ein schematischer Vertikalschnitt durch eine auf dem Boden errichtete Anordnung einer Innenschalung und einer Aussenschalung, in der Bereitschaft zum Herstellen eines ersten (unteren) Abschnittes eines in den Boden anzubringenden Rohrkörpers;

Fig. 2 zeigt einen ähnlichen Schnitt, und zwar nach dem Durchführen einer Anzahl von aufeinanderfolgenden Stufen des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens;

Fig. 3 zeigt einen ähnlichen Vertikalschnitt und zwar nach dem Erreichen einer Tiefe, welche weit unter dem Grundwasserspiegel liegt;

Fig. 4 zeigt einen ähnlichen Vertikalschnitt im Moment, in dem der geformte Rohrkörper die erwünschte Tiefe erreicht hat und nach der "Unterwasser-Betonniertechnik" eine das Rohr am unteren Ende verschliessende Bodenplatte geformt worden ist;

Fig. 5 zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine die Aussenschalung und die Innenschalung gegenseitig stützende Konstruktion;

Fig. 6 zeigt einen Horizontalschnitt durch ein Segment der zusammenarbeitenden Aussen- und Innenschalung;

Fig. 7 zeigt eine schematische Draufsicht eines Schneideringes mit drei radial angeordneten Transportschnecken;

Fig. 8 ist ein Vertikalschnitt durch den Schneidering nach Fig. 1, wobei einfachheitshalber zwei Transportschnecken auf einer Linie gezeigt sind und

Fig. 8A zeigt einen Schnitt in vergrössertem Massstab des in Fig. 8 umkreisten Abschnitts.

The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing with an embodiment.

Fig. 1 is a schematic vertical section through an arrangement of an inner formwork and an outer formwork erected on the floor, ready to produce a first (lower) section of a tubular body to be installed in the ground;

Fig. 2 shows a similar section after a number of successive stages of the method according to the invention have been carried out;

Fig. 3 shows a similar vertical section, namely after reaching a depth which is far below the water table;

Fig. 4 shows a similar vertical section at the moment when the shaped tube body has reached the desired depth and a bottom plate closing the tube at the lower end has been formed according to the "underwater concrete technique";

5 shows a vertical section through a construction which mutually supports the outer formwork and the inner formwork;

6 shows a horizontal section through a segment of the cooperating external and internal formwork;

7 shows a schematic top view of a cutting ring with three radially arranged transport screws;

FIG. 8 is a vertical section through the cutting ring according to FIG. 1, two conveyor screws being shown on one line for the sake of simplicity and

FIG. 8A shows a section on an enlarged scale of the section encircled in FIG. 8.

The schematic figures 1-4 show an arrangement an outer formwork 1 and an inner formwork 2, with a mold space 3 in between.

The outer formwork 1 is based on the floor Perform the process of gradually digging up the earth's pillar 4 around. Digging the earth pillar 4 means that the inner formwork 2 supported freely suspended above the floor shall be. Fig. 1-4 show a support by means of Support arms 5 on a central support column 6. This support column can be a pipe that is pre-e.g. if the inner formwork is still lying freely on the floor - except for the desired one Depth (= length of the pipe body to be attached) in the floor is driven, whereupon the inner formwork 5 the pipe is supported. It can through the tube 6 in a later phase water can be discharged for relief of the groundwater pressure.

After the mold space 3 with a hardenable hydraulic Mortar, such as concrete mortar, is fully poured and thus a first (lower) ring section of the one to be formed Tubular body has been produced, the earth column 4th over a height which is slightly smaller than that of the shaped ring section is excavated. This can the shaped section from the mold space 3 sink and this space becomes the next ring-shaped one Cleared pipe section. This way, a Obtained tubular body 7, the gradual with a section the height of the formwork 1, 2 extended accordingly is and - by gradually digging the earth column 4 is - is lowered into the ground.

Thus, Fig. 4 shows the phase in which the molded tubular body 7 has a length that is about three times the height of the Formwork 1, 2 corresponds, while the earth column 4 has been dug up at the same height. The digging the earth pillar 4 can by means of the support pillar. around the tubular body 7 through the space between the support arms 5 excavators to be brought in.

It is assumed that FIG. 2 is also the one Phase in the implementation of the present procedure shows where the groundwater level is reached.

From this moment on, the further excavation of the Earth column 4 by suction of an earth / water mixture occur. Known suction heads and others can be used for this Devices are used. It is recommended to do so supply as much water as the amount of the discharged Earth / water mixture corresponds.

In this way, unwanted groundwater flows from the area of the tubular body 7 formed to the room counteracted within it.

Fig. 4 shows the phase in which the molded tubular body 7 has reached the desired depth and in which the lower End of the tubular body is completed by a bottom plate 8 from "underwater concrete" has been attached. In front can attach the base plate, for the purpose of anchoring the same, anchor elements by divers at the bottom Hand of Fig. 5 to be described bottom ring 20 and Tube 6 are welded. After attaching the final Base plate 8 can be the one above Water column can be suctioned off, on the bottom plate a reinforced concrete floor can be attached.

In the situation shown in FIG. 4, the Groundwater pressure under the base plate 8 be so high that after pumping out the pipe body there is a risk of There is an upswing. To reduce the groundwater pressure can then over the as a permanent part in the molded Pipe body 7 remaining pipe 6 water can be removed. The tube 6 should preferably extend to below the base plate 8 extend.

It is now referred to FIGS. 5 and 6, which more details with regard to the external and internal formwork 1 and 2, as well as the support of the same. With 10 is a, extending around the formwork 1, 2, possibly consisting of separate sections, designated with ballast difficult support plate, on which a number of arranged around the formwork 1, 2 Support structures 11 are provided. The supporting structures 11 are with a (radially) extending inward Support arm 12 provided with suspension members 13 and 14, which organs at 15 and 16 on the outer formwork 1 respectively the inner formwork 2 are attached.

The outer and inner formwork 1 and 2 are in kept the right distance apart by means of the reverse U-shaped bridge elements 17, which at the suspension points from above via the outer and inner formwork 1, 2 grasp and inward at their free thigh ends protruding clamps on the outside of the outside Attack the internal formwork. By the bridge elements can be lifted a little, the formwork 1, 2 after Casting and hardening a section of the part to be molded Tubular body are expanded a little, causing the sliding down the molded tubular body from the formwork easier becomes.

The periodic casting of the hydraulic Mortar and extension of the reinforcement of the forming Tubular body 9 is done via the gaps between the support arms 12 and that between the Bridge elements 17.

Fig. 6 shows a plan view. a horizontal section through a peripheral part of the formwork 1, 2. Das peripheral part shown contains two segments each an outer formwork wall part 1 '. 2 ', which of outside or inside of radially extending support elements 1 "or 2" are supported and with the help of tangential clamping elements 1 "'or 2"' in the desired, curved shape can be kept. The radius R of the external formwork 1 can e.g. Be 30 meters while the formwork has an effective height of 1 meter can.

The formwork arrangement shown is of a basic type known type and is therefore not described in detail become.

5 is another wedge-shaped bottom ring 20 shown. This e.g. from steel The ring is made before molding the lower ring section of the tubular body below in the formwork 1, 2 arranged and contributes to the fact that the adhering to the ring 20 Pipe body "intersecting" - according to the vertical Dash line - moved through the earth.

The by means of the inventive method in the Floor-mounted tubular body can be used as an underground Storage space used for products of all kinds become. The possibly existing pipe 6 can as a central support column for those to be supported Devices for horizontal and vertical transport from e.g. Serve motor vehicles.

Furthermore, the tubular body can serve as a foundation for buildings to be erected on it.

In Fig. 7 and 8 with 21 three transport screws denotes which as many "connecting spokes" between the inner circumference of the cutting ring 20 and one the central support tube 6 surrounding slide bush 22nd form. The transport screws 21 are with their inner Ends rotatably supported on the sliding bush 22. On the outer ends of the screw conveyor 21 sit Pinion 23, which are supported on and engage in one attached to the inner circumference of the cutting ring 20 Sprocket 24 (see Fig. 8A). The screw conveyors 21 additionally supported by three support arms 25, which are each between an auxiliary sliding bush 26 and an intermediate point 27 of the respective transport screws 21 extend.

On the outer end parts of the shafts of the screw conveyors 21 are the drive devices designated 28, e.g. Hydromotors, which are in operation over on the inside of the tube body being formed downward lines are fed.

When the hydraulic motors 28 are excited, the transport screws become 21 driven in one direction, whereby Earth is transported from the outside to the inside. At the same time the pinions 23 wrap at the outer ends of the Screw conveyor shaft over the ring gear 24, whereby the rotating screw conveyor 21 at the same time rotate around the axis of the support tube 10 and a regular Dig across the entire average area within the cutting ring 20 is guaranteed.

The screw conveyors 21 do not only effect one even transport of earth from the outside to the inside, but also contribute to the fact that the Tubular body 7 (see Fig. 1-4) with respect to the vertical Support tube 6 is centered.

It may be desirable to excavate until reaching to carry out the groundwater table with known excavators, which through the space inside the inner formwork can be introduced and which the excavated Earth over running up through the same space To discharge funds. In such a case, the transport screws 21 only shortly before reaching of the groundwater table installed. To this end it is advisable to split the slide bushes, so that it will be below the Support point of the inner formwork around the central one Support tube 3 can be arranged.

That of the transport screws 1 from the outside to the inside transported earth can be in the form of an earth / water mixture be sucked upwards, e.g. by means of the 29 around the centrally positioned support tube 6 provided suction pipes.

In FIGS. 7 and 8 it has also been stated that this is up to reaching below the depth of the tubular body 7 to be formed Support tube 6 at the lower end in a filter 30 expires.

Claims (10)

Method for producing a tubular body that extends vertically into the ground, in particular from reinforced concrete, with the following steps: the erection of an external formwork supporting the floor and the installation of an internal formwork; the attachment of a cutting ring that closes the formwork space at the bottom and to which reinforcing bars are attached, pouring a hardenable hydraulic mortar to form a first (lower) section of the tubular body; the uniform excavation of the earth beneath the shaped and hardened pipe section over the space inside the inner formwork, the shaped pipe section simultaneously sinking out of the formwork; extending the shaped pipe section upwards by pouring hydraulic mortar into the formwork space that was cleared in the previous step; the further excavation and removal of the earth below the extended pipe section, etc. until the shaped pipe body or the desired length. Has reached depth characterized in that the inner formwork is supported in a fixed position by placing a support pipe in the axis of the pipe body to be shaped in the ground before digging earth, and in that the shaped pipe body is closed at the lower end by casting a base plate . Process for the production of a tubular body reaching vertically to below the groundwater level, in particular made of reinforced concrete, with the following steps: the erection of an external formwork supporting the floor and the installation of an internal formwork; the attachment of a cutting ring that closes the formwork space at the bottom and to which reinforcing bars are attached, pouring a hardenable hydraulic mortar to form a first (lower) section of the tubular body; the uniform excavation of the earth beneath the shaped and hardened pipe section over the space inside the inner formwork, the shaped pipe section simultaneously sinking out of the formwork; extending the shaped pipe section upwards by pouring hydraulic mortar into the formwork space that was cleared in the previous step; the further excavation and removal of the earth below the extended pipe section, etc. until the shaped pipe body or the desired length. Has reached depth characterized in that the inner formwork is supported in a fixed position, by digging a support pipe in the axis of the pipe body to be formed into the ground below the desired depth of the pipe body before digging earth, so that when the groundwater level is reached, the digging of earth is continued below the tube body that forms by suctioning off a ground / water mixture and that the shaped tube body is closed at the lower end by attaching a bottom in the lower end using the underwater concrete technology, after which the groundwater is pumped off above the attached bottom. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the suction of the ground / water mixture is carried out with the simultaneous addition of water. Device for performing the method according to claims 1-3, with external formwork permanently installed on the floor; an internal formwork erected within the same; a cutting ring that can be moved vertically in the formwork space between the outer and inner formwork, as well as means for loosening and removing soil below and within the cutting ring, characterized in that the inner formwork is supported or supported by a support tube that extends vertically into the ground. is centered. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the cutter ring is also centered with respect to the support tube by means of a number of elements extending radially from the cutter ring to a sliding bush surrounding the support tube. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the radially extending elements with their ends rotatably on the cutting ring. are mounted on the sliding bush and also form the means for loosening and transporting the earth. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the radially extending elements of the earth from the outside to the inside conveying screws are formed. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the worm shafts protrude through drive devices provided on their outer end sections and carry on their ends a pinion which engages in a toothed ring arranged on the inner circumference of the cutting ring. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the drive devices are hydraulic motors. Device according to claims 5-9, characterized in that the sliding bushing is divided.

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