EP0947680A2 - Générateur de gaz à machine à pistons libres - Google Patents

Générateur de gaz à machine à pistons libres Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0947680A2
EP0947680A2 EP99113550A EP99113550A EP0947680A2 EP 0947680 A2 EP0947680 A2 EP 0947680A2 EP 99113550 A EP99113550 A EP 99113550A EP 99113550 A EP99113550 A EP 99113550A EP 0947680 A2 EP0947680 A2 EP 0947680A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
chamber
cylinder
gas generator
free
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99113550A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0947680A3 (fr
Inventor
Magnar Jarle Forde
Rolf Kvamsdal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kvaerner ASA
Original Assignee
Kvaerner ASA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kvaerner ASA filed Critical Kvaerner ASA
Publication of EP0947680A2 publication Critical patent/EP0947680A2/fr
Publication of EP0947680A3 publication Critical patent/EP0947680A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F02B71/04—Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby
    • F02B71/06—Free-piston combustion gas generators per se
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F02B71/04—Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/04—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a free-piston gas generator with at least one cylinder and a piston provided therein, the ends of which together with the cylinder define a combustion chamber, a buffer chamber and a compressor chamber respectively the compressor chamber supplying compressed air to the combustion chamber.
  • Such free-piston devices may be of the diesel type and be employed, e.g., as gas generators.
  • GB 2 214 569 discloses a free-piston gas generator having a combustion chamber, a compressor chamber and return chamber.
  • the return chamber is defined by the gas generator cylinder and a compressor piston which is directly connected to the free-piston and the return chamber is connected to a swirl tank through a regulator and a check valve.
  • the regulator provides a topping up of air in the return chamber in the event of an unintentional leakage therefrom and the return chamber is in principle a closed chamber the only moving wall of which being the portion of the compressor piston facing this chamber.
  • the gas generator has a gas outlet port which is opened and closed by the piston.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an exhaust gas device of the above-mentioned type which improves the possibility of regulating the gas generator as mentioned above.
  • a gas generator of the type which is illustrated in the application WO 97/28362 instead of the pistons uncovering exhaust gas ports at each stroke, in the centre of the cylinder device there is provided a channel which communicates with the combustion chamber, and in which there is provided an exhaust gas valve 1 for controlling the discharge of the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber.
  • the discharge of exhaust gases from the combustion chamber can be independent of an opening of outlet ports in the cylinder sections by means of the pistons.
  • This exhaust gas valve 1 can be controlled, e.g., by the computer which is described in the application WO 97/28362, thereby permitting operation of the gas generator during part load.
  • cylinders can hereby be obtained which are symmetrical about a transverse median plane with regard to inlet ports, as well as individual stroke lengths and heat load. Assembly and dismantling of the gas generator is simplified and thereby also the maintenance thereof.
  • fig. 2 there is illustrated a gas generator with a single piston 2 which is provided in a cylinder 3 corresponding to one half of the cylinder device which is illustrated in the application WO 97/28362.
  • an exhaust gas valve 4 like that described in connection with fig. 1 is installed at the combustion chamber on the end surface of the cylinder.
  • a cylindrical, axially extending dowel 7 is mounted on the enlarged section 5 of the piston 2.
  • the cross section of the dowel 7 is adapted to the cross section of an axially extending hole 8, which is provided in the compressor housing wall, and through which the air in the ventilation chamber 10 communicates with the ambient air.
  • a further movement of the piston thus causes a progressive increase in the pressure of the enclosed air and brakes the piston's movement, preventing a collision between the piston and the cylinder end wall.
  • This design requires guide devices (not shown) which prevent rotation of the piston about its longitudinal axis.
  • extra air can be supplied by means of the aforementioned computer to the return or buffer chamber in order to prevent the piston from striking the buffer chamber end wall, or air can be removed from the buffer chamber in order to reduce the speed at which the piston is brought into the combustion chamber.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the arrangement of the compressor's valves which supply compressed air to the cylinder's inlet ports when the piston is moved away from the combustion chamber.
  • the former valve arrangement is advantageous, since there is no need for any pressure chamber between the compressor chamber 6 and the inlet ports, and thus no hysteresis loss occurs in connection with a related accumulation of pressure energy.
  • This device further permits variation of the compression ratio without such a variation influencing the inlet air compression.
  • One drawback, however, is that small tolerances are required for the pistons at the outer dead centre position, i.e. at the dead centre position at which the piston is located when it is remote from the combustion chamber.
  • the return or buffer chamber volume can be adjustable. This can be achieved by providing the cylinder end wall at the buffer chamber in the form of a screw (not shown) which is screwed axially into the cylinder end section.
  • a motor which can rotate this cylinder end wall, thereby screwing it into or out of the cylinder, the buffer chamber volume can easily be varied.
  • the motor can be controlled, e.g. by the computer which is described in the application WO 97/28362.
  • the air from the compressor is passed to a compressed air container 11 from which air may be drawn, passed, e.g., to a gas turbine via a valve 12 and mixed with the exhaust gas from the gas generator.
  • the filling of the combustion chamber during the suction phase can thereby be controlled.
  • control can also be provided, e.g., by controlling the suction valves (not shown) in the cylinder.
  • each cylinder section thereby obtains its own combustion chamber which is located at the extreme end of the cylinder section, thus enabling the cylinder sections to be of the same design as the cylinders for standard diesel motors.
  • the cooling of the cylinders at the combustion chambers can thereby be improved.
  • each piston In order for the gas generator to function properly, each piston must have a separate buffer chamber. For this reason a central partition 15 is provided, thus creating two separate buffer chambers 16,17.
  • a gas generator is illustrated with a piston where the compressor chamber also acts as a return or buffer chamber for returning the piston towards the combustion chamber after it has reached the external dead centre position.
  • regulation such as by means of the aforementioned computer and as mentioned in connection with fig. 2 must be implemented in order to ensure that the energy of the air in the compressor chamber is always sufficiently great to return the piston, thus enabling the stroke for compression of the gas in the combustion chamber (the compression stroke) to be performed.
  • a generator of this kind can be provided together with and operate jointly with corresponding gas generators, the movement of the pistons being phase shifted.
  • FIG. 5 As illustrated in fig. 5 four gas generators of the type which is illustrated in fig. 3 are arranged in a row on a common frame (not shown).
  • the pistons of the two outer gas generators 21,22 can be operated in the same phase. These pistons are phase shifted by 180° in relation to the pistons of the two inner gas generators.
  • a pipe 27 extends to a shut-off valve 28 which in turn is connected via a pipe 29 to a manifold 30 which connects pipes similar to pipe 29 to one another. Exhaust gas is passed from the exhaust gas port to the pipe 29 via a pipe 31.
  • the exhaust gas is passed from the manifold 30 to a chamber 35 where the pressure fluctuations in the exhaust gas are moderated to some extent. It is passed from there to a gas turbine 32 which is arranged to drive a turbocompressor 33. During operation the turbocompressor 33 draws in ambient air, compresses it and passes it to the inlet valve of each gas generator's compressor via an intermediate cooler 34 and an air manifold 36.
  • channels can extend in the respective cylinders.
  • a gas generator with a single piston 51 which has a central, enlarged section which forms a compressor piston section 52. On each side thereof, the piston 51 has a working piston section 53 and 54.
  • the piston 51 is provided in a cylinder device 55 comprising a central, enlarged compressor cylinder section 56. On each side thereof, the cylinder device has a working cylinder section 57 and 58 with smaller diameter.
  • the piston sections 52,53,54 are arranged to be moved together axially forwards or backwards in the respective cylinder sections 56,57,58.
  • the compressor piston section 52 defines two compressor chambers 61,62.
  • Each compressor chamber has an inlet valve and an outlet valve 63,64 and 65,66.
  • the ends of the working piston sections define combustion chambers 71,72.
  • the outlet valve 65 for the right compressor chamber 62 is connected via pipes to the inlet port 75 for the left working cylinder section 57 and in addition connected via a shut-off valve 91 to the inlet of a gas turbine 95 which is fed via pipes with exhaust gas from both working cylinders.
  • outlet valve 64 for the left compressor chamber 61 is connected via pipes to the inlet port 76 for the right working cylinder section 58 and in addition connected via a shut-off valve 92 to the inlet of the gas turbine 95.
  • the gas turbine 95 is arranged to drive a turbocompressor 96 and, e.g., an electrical generator 97.
  • the turbocompressor draws in ambient air and passes this in a compressed state to the compressor chambers' inlet valves 63,66 via an intermediate cooler 98.
  • exhaust gas valves' activators 85-88 can be operated by a computer as mentioned above.
  • the advantage of an exhaust gas generator according to fig. 6 is that the combustion chambers are placed at the extreme ends of the cylinder device, thus providing easy access to the adjacent cylinder sections which become very hot during running, and enabling them to thereby receive a good cooling. Moreover, the heavily loaded exhaust gas ports can be replaced by known per se valve devices which can be satisfactorily cooled in the known manner.
  • the shut-off valves 91,92 can be opened for the supply of cold air to the exhaust gases from the gas generator in order thereby to reduce the temperature of the gas which is supplied to the turbine 95.
  • this gas generator only has one cylinder, four gas generators, e.g., may advantageously be placed on a common frame in order to obtain an approximately dynamically balanced device as mentioned above in connection with the device which is illustrated in fig. 5.
  • FIG. 7 there is illustrated a central section of a gas generator with two pistons 101,102 which are provided axially and in the same cylinder 103. Together with the cylinder 103, the ends of the pistons which are located opposite each other define a combustion chamber 104. A fuel injection nozzle 105 is provided for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber 104.
  • the left piston 101 is illustrated at the inner dead centre position, i.e. in the position at which it is located when it has been inserted furthest into the combustion chamber 104, and the right piston 102 is illustrated at the outer dead centre position. It will be understood, however, that during operation the pistons are substantially located simultaneously at the inner or the outer dead centre position.
  • each piston Near the end which faces the combustion chamber there is mounted on each piston a pair of sealing rings 111,112,113,114, where the sealing rings in each pair, 111,112 and 113,114 respectively are provided with a spacing which enables them to provide a seal on each side of the exhaust gas ports or the inlet air ports, considered in the axial direction when the pistons are brought into a suitable position.
  • Each piston thus constitutes a shut-off valve, which is important for the regulation of output, since gas generators usually have at least two cylinders whose piston pairs can be started and stopped in turn.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
EP99113550A 1996-01-30 1997-01-29 Générateur de gaz à machine à pistons libres Withdrawn EP0947680A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO960402 1996-01-30
NO960402A NO305451B1 (no) 1996-01-30 1996-01-30 Anordning til hindring av kollisjon mellom et stempel og en sylinder av en fristempelinnretning
EP97902766A EP0877858A1 (fr) 1996-01-30 1997-01-29 Perfectionnement apporte a des dispositifs a pistons libres

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97902766A Division EP0877858A1 (fr) 1996-01-30 1997-01-29 Perfectionnement apporte a des dispositifs a pistons libres

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0947680A2 true EP0947680A2 (fr) 1999-10-06
EP0947680A3 EP0947680A3 (fr) 1999-10-27

Family

ID=19898987

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99113550A Withdrawn EP0947680A3 (fr) 1996-01-30 1997-01-29 Générateur de gaz à machine à pistons libres
EP97902766A Ceased EP0877858A1 (fr) 1996-01-30 1997-01-29 Perfectionnement apporte a des dispositifs a pistons libres

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97902766A Ceased EP0877858A1 (fr) 1996-01-30 1997-01-29 Perfectionnement apporte a des dispositifs a pistons libres

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0947680A3 (fr)
JP (1) JP2000504084A (fr)
NO (1) NO305451B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997028363A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103967604A (zh) * 2013-01-28 2014-08-06 安徽中鼎动力有限公司 一种自由活塞式发动机

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6925971B1 (en) * 2004-05-20 2005-08-09 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Exhaust gas recirculation for a free piston engine
EP1952002A1 (fr) * 2005-11-22 2008-08-06 Peter Charles Cheeseman Moteur a pistons libres a quatre temps
DE202006018098U1 (de) * 2006-11-27 2008-04-10 Jung, Nadine Energiewandlersystem

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE536930C (de) * 1928-04-23 1931-10-28 Robert Lee Gray Brennkraftmaschine mit durch Verstellung eines Kolbens regelbarer Verdichtung
CH498290A (de) * 1969-03-06 1970-10-31 Braun Anton Freikolbenmotor
GB2214569A (en) * 1988-01-21 1989-09-06 Barry John Rymer Free-piston I.C engine
US4876991A (en) * 1988-12-08 1989-10-31 Galitello Jr Kenneth A Two stroke cycle engine

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4369021A (en) * 1980-05-16 1983-01-18 Heintz Richard P Free-piston engine pump
US4653274A (en) * 1984-03-06 1987-03-31 David Constant V Method of controlling a free piston external combustion engine
US5363651A (en) * 1993-07-12 1994-11-15 Knight Arthur G Free piston internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE536930C (de) * 1928-04-23 1931-10-28 Robert Lee Gray Brennkraftmaschine mit durch Verstellung eines Kolbens regelbarer Verdichtung
CH498290A (de) * 1969-03-06 1970-10-31 Braun Anton Freikolbenmotor
GB2214569A (en) * 1988-01-21 1989-09-06 Barry John Rymer Free-piston I.C engine
US4876991A (en) * 1988-12-08 1989-10-31 Galitello Jr Kenneth A Two stroke cycle engine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103967604A (zh) * 2013-01-28 2014-08-06 安徽中鼎动力有限公司 一种自由活塞式发动机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0877858A1 (fr) 1998-11-18
WO1997028363A1 (fr) 1997-08-07
NO960402D0 (no) 1996-01-30
NO305451B1 (no) 1999-05-31
JP2000504084A (ja) 2000-04-04
EP0947680A3 (fr) 1999-10-27
NO960402L (no) 1997-08-25

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