EP0930832B1 - Protection of human head and body - Google Patents
Protection of human head and body Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0930832B1 EP0930832B1 EP97901721A EP97901721A EP0930832B1 EP 0930832 B1 EP0930832 B1 EP 0930832B1 EP 97901721 A EP97901721 A EP 97901721A EP 97901721 A EP97901721 A EP 97901721A EP 0930832 B1 EP0930832 B1 EP 0930832B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- head
- acoustic impedance
- protection
- polymeric material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000000451 tissue damage Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 231100000827 tissue damage Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000266 injurious effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010019196 Head injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000026137 Soft tissue injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012814 acoustic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000005013 brain tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000133 brain stem Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009528 severe injury Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/28—Shock absorbing
- A41D31/285—Shock absorbing using layered materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to a material and methodology for the protection of the human head and body from soft tissue damage resulting from impulsive loading as a result of blunt object impacts.
- a particular aspect of the invention relates to a material and methodology for the reduction of head injuries during boxing, and to headgear and boxing gloves employing such material.
- a severe blow to the head will cause the skull to accelerate rapidly, inertial effect will cause the brain to strike the accelerating skull with possibility of local injury.
- a blow to the head could result in a stress wave / pressure wave travelling through the brain. This wave would result in high, localised, shear stresses deep inside the brain leading to rupture of blood vessels.
- a stress wave travelling through the brain will undergo multiple reflections at the rear brain/skull interface, interference between waves could result in localised tensile stresses. These tensile stresses could, if high enough, tear brain tissue apart resulting in severe damage at the rear of the brain, remote from the point of impact.
- An impulsive shock is characterised by a broad continuous frequency spectrum and a further mode of damage may arise if specific frequencies cause the brain to resonate within the skull cavity leading to both localised and remote injuries.
- a blow to the head could also result in tri-axial forces producing both translation and rotation and as a result differential movement between the brain and brain stem could occur.
- a material for the protection of the human head or body from soft tissue damage caused by an impacting object comprises at least two layers of viscoelastic polymeric materials, including at least one first layer of a first viscoelastic polymeric material selected to be substantially matched in acoustic impedance to the impacting object and at least one second layer of a second viscoelastic polymeric material, positioned in use between the first layer and the head or body to be protected, selected to produce a large mismatch in acoustic impedance between the first layer(s) and the human head or body.
- the mismatch provided by the second layer or layers will be at least about 2MRayls.
- the purpose of the material is to act as an acoustic wave filter to control the magnitude and frequency content of the transmitted stress components, the mismatch need only reach this minimum within frequency bands which could be potentially injurious to the part of head or body under protection.
- Stress wave coupling between the body and the impactor is found to be a significant cause of soft tissue injury following impact which cannot be attributed to gross displacement alone.
- the coupling of energy between two media depends on the relative acoustic impedance between the two media.
- the energy associated with an impact initially consists of translational kinetic energy. At the time of impact some of this kinetic energy will be converted to potential energy in the form of a pressure pulse resulting in a high amplitude non-linear acoustic wave entering the internal tissue of the brain or body cavity.
- the invention seeks to control the magnitude and frequency content of this pressure wave by the use of materials functioning as acoustic wave filters.
- the layered material in accordance with the invention so that it lies between the impactor and body, for example in the form of an article of protective clothing or headgear, can reduce the stress wave coupling.
- the layer or layers of the second material providing the large acoustic impedance mismatch between the layer or layers of the first material and the head or body acoustically decouple(s) the impactor from the body and minimise damage resulting from stress wave coupling.
- the layer or layers of the first material which are substantially matched in acoustic impedance to the impactor absorbs much of the kinetic energy of the impact converting it to potential energy thus maximising the energy absorption capability of the layered material as a whole. Materials are selected from known viscoelastic polymeric acoustic materials, and suitable selections will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
- the material may be arranged with the decoupling layer or layers outermost from the body and the absorbing layer or layers innermost and selected to be substantially matched in acoustic impedance to the body to maximise energy absorption.
- the situation differs for blunt object impacts. Before impact a blunt projectile contains only translational kinetic energy. On impact some of this energy is converted to potential energy in the form of a pressure wave.
- Some of the energy will remain as translational kinetic energy causing displacement of the head or body after impact, a particular problem for head impacts where the resultant rapid acceleration of the head can cause the components within the skull to be compacted against it allowing stress waves to be set up in the brain.
- the impact energy is first coupled to the absorbing medium, so that the layer of viscoelastic polymeric material selected to be substantially matched in acoustic impedance to the impacting object will be the outermost from the head or body to be protected.
- This layer ensures that most of the incident energy is transmitted to the absorbing material, thus serving to enhance the conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy and thereby reduce the rapid acceleration of the head.
- the impedance mismatch between the outer layer and the head or body ensures that any energy not absorbed by the outer layer is decoupled at and largely reflected back from the material interfaces back into the outer layer for absorption via a second pass through that layer.
- the invention is of particular applicability to the provision of protection for the human head.
- Stress wave coupling to produce a pressure wave within the brain and the absorption of the resultant pressure wave energy within in the brain is a potentially significant source of damage and is likely to be exacerbated by multiple reflections at the internal brain/skull interface and the possibility of resonance effects, both of which are of particular potential significance given the properties of skull and brain tissue.
- a particular embodiment of the invention comprises a protective helmet incorporating the protective layered material hereinbefore described. Examples of uses for the resultant lightweight helmet include automotive applications, cycling helmets, rugby scrum caps, and protective headgear for boxing and like weaponless combat based contact sports.
- the protective material is conveniently applied to the head, it will be appreciated that in principle the protective material may be applied to the impactor and still produce the necessary decoupling on impact. A particular application of this arises in the field of boxing and similar weaponless combat based contact sports. In professional boxing, protective headgear is not used in competition.
- the material according to the invention can in this case be used in an embodiment of the invention comprising a glove for use in combat based sports, for example a boxing glove, incorporating the protective material hereinbefore described. Similar principles could be applied to footwear in sports allowing foot/head contact and it is intended that "glove” is here read broadly to cover all such like protective covering.
- a method of protection of the human head or body from soft tissue damage caused by an impacting object comprises interposing between the human head or body and an impacting object at least two layers of viscoelastic polymeric material, including at least one first layer of a first viscoelastic polymeric material selected to be substantially matched in acoustic impedance to the impacting object and at least one second layer of a second viscoelastic polymeric material positioned between the head or body and the layer or layers of the first material, selected to produce a large mismatch in acoustic impedance between the human head or body and the first layer.
- the method of protection can be refined to maximise protection for a particular impact event by preceding with the method with the additional steps of analysing the damage profile for the particular impact event in the frequency domain, determining the particular stress wave frequency band producing maximum tissue damage, selecting the material for the at least one first layer of a first viscoelastic polymeric material to have a minimum mismatch in acoustic impedance the particular stress wave frequency band, and selecting the material for the at least one second layer of a second viscoelastic polymeric material to have a maximum mismatch in acoustic impedance with the impactor and the head or body at the particular stress wave frequency band.
- the second layer is preferably configured to exhibit quarter wave resonance at the particular stress wave frequency band to further enhance its energy absorbing capabilities within that band.
- Materials are selected from known acoustic materials having the desired dynamic properties. They will be polyurethane materials with additives, including fillers and possibly fibres, to optimise complex moduli, loss tangents, densities, and complex phase velocities. Suitable materials will be familiar to those skilled in the art.
- the method is generally applicable to blunt object impacts, in which a significant injury mechanism arises from the direct coupling of the impact energy to the body.
- the kinetic energy of the impactor is converted to potential energy and transmitted straight through to the vital organs. If the energy within the injurious frequency bands can be effectively decoupled from the body then the effects of the impact can be reduced. This is true in the case of a boxer hitting his opponent. If the energy carried by the punch can be decoupled and absorbed within the glove or protective headgear then the risk of serious injury can be reduced.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Helmets And Other Head Coverings (AREA)
- Cable Accessories (AREA)
- Adjustment Of The Magnetic Head Position Track Following On Tapes (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Finger-Pressure Massage (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
- Gloves (AREA)
Abstract
A protective material and a method for the protection of the human head or body from soft tissue damage caused by an impacting object comprises at least two layers of viscoelastic polymeric material to be interposed between head or body and impactor, including at least one first layer of material substantially matched in acoustic impedance to the impacting object and at least one second layer of material selected to produce a large mismatch in acoustic impedance between the first layer and the human head or body. A particular aspect applies the invention to head protection, especially in boxing and like sports, in the form of boxing head guards and boxing gloves.
Description
The invention relates to a material and methodology for the protection of the
human head and body from soft tissue damage resulting from impulsive
loading as a result of blunt object impacts. A particular aspect of the
invention relates to a material and methodology for the reduction of head
injuries during boxing, and to headgear and boxing gloves employing such
material.
The reduction of injury resulting from the effect of head and body impacts
has been the subject of research for many years, particularly in the fields of
automotive and military research. One commonplace strategy to mitigate the
effect of impact on the body is to interpose a layer of protective material
between the body and the source of impact. This is especially so in relation
to head injuries, with head protection provided in the form of a helmet.
Protective materials have to date generally been developed with a view to
minimising the gross displacement of the head or body produced by blunt
object impacts. However, such a strategy takes no account of the often
complex injury mechanisms within the body produced by the impact. Whilst
there exists a fair degree of medical disagreement over precise injury
mechanisms, it is clear that soft tissue injuries resulting from impact are due
to a complex relationship between the type of impact and the nature of loads
generated, the impact site and the material properties of the body at the
impact site, degree of restraint on the body etc. For example, in the case of
head impacts a number of possible injury mechanisms may be postulated
and several of these are summarised below. Similar mechanisms can be
postulated for damage to vital organs within the body cavity.
A severe blow to the head will cause the skull to accelerate rapidly, inertial
effect will cause the brain to strike the accelerating skull with possibility of
local injury. In addition, a blow to the head could result in a stress wave / pressure
wave travelling through the brain. This wave would result in high,
localised, shear stresses deep inside the brain leading to rupture of blood
vessels. A stress wave travelling through the brain will undergo multiple
reflections at the rear brain/skull interface, interference between waves could
result in localised tensile stresses. These tensile stresses could, if high
enough, tear brain tissue apart resulting in severe damage at the rear of the
brain, remote from the point of impact. An impulsive shock is characterised
by a broad continuous frequency spectrum and a further mode of damage
may arise if specific frequencies cause the brain to resonate within the skull
cavity leading to both localised and remote injuries. A blow to the head
could also result in tri-axial forces producing both translation and rotation and
as a result differential movement between the brain and brain stem could
occur.
It is an object of the invention to provide a material and method for the
protection of the human head and body from soft tissue damage resulting
from impulsive loading which takes account of these injury mechanisms to
produce more effective protection from blunt object impacts than protection
based solely on minimising the gross displacement produced by the impact.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a material for the protection of the
human head or body from soft tissue damage caused by an impacting object
comprises at least two layers of viscoelastic polymeric materials, including at
least one first layer of a first viscoelastic polymeric material selected to be
substantially matched in acoustic impedance to the impacting object and at
least one second layer of a second viscoelastic polymeric material,
positioned in use between the first layer and the head or body to be
protected, selected to produce a large mismatch in acoustic impedance
between the first layer(s) and the human head or body.
Preferably, for most impact situations the mismatch provided by the second
layer or layers will be at least about 2MRayls. However, as the purpose of
the material is to act as an acoustic wave filter to control the magnitude and
frequency content of the transmitted stress components, the mismatch need
only reach this minimum within frequency bands which could be potentially
injurious to the part of head or body under protection.
Stress wave coupling between the body and the impactor is found to be a
significant cause of soft tissue injury following impact which cannot be
attributed to gross displacement alone. The coupling of energy between two
media depends on the relative acoustic impedance between the two media.
The energy associated with an impact initially consists of translational kinetic
energy. At the time of impact some of this kinetic energy will be converted to
potential energy in the form of a pressure pulse resulting in a high amplitude
non-linear acoustic wave entering the internal tissue of the brain or body
cavity. The invention seeks to control the magnitude and frequency content
of this pressure wave by the use of materials functioning as acoustic wave
filters.
Use of the layered material in accordance with the invention so that it lies
between the impactor and body, for example in the form of an article of
protective clothing or headgear, can reduce the stress wave coupling. The
layer or layers of the second material providing the large acoustic impedance
mismatch between the layer or layers of the first material and the head or
body acoustically decouple(s) the impactor from the body and minimise
damage resulting from stress wave coupling. The layer or layers of the first
material which are substantially matched in acoustic impedance to the
impactor absorbs much of the kinetic energy of the impact converting it to
potential energy thus maximising the energy absorption capability of the
layered material as a whole. Materials are selected from known viscoelastic
polymeric acoustic materials, and suitable selections will be readily apparent
to those skilled in the art.
Where stress wave coupling alone is the predominant injury mode and there
is no requirement to control the reflected energy (for example, for blast
protection where the potential (high amplitude stress wave) energy tends to
be much greater than the kinetic (blast wind) energy) the material may be
arranged with the decoupling layer or layers outermost from the body and
the absorbing layer or layers innermost and selected to be substantially
matched in acoustic impedance to the body to maximise energy absorption.
However, the situation differs for blunt object impacts. Before impact a blunt
projectile contains only translational kinetic energy. On impact some of this
energy is converted to potential energy in the form of a pressure wave.
Some of the energy will remain as translational kinetic energy causing
displacement of the head or body after impact, a particular problem for head
impacts where the resultant rapid acceleration of the head can cause the
components within the skull to be compacted against it allowing stress waves
to be set up in the brain.
Thus, for blunt impacts, it is likely to be preferred that the impact energy is
first coupled to the absorbing medium, so that the layer of viscoelastic
polymeric material selected to be substantially matched in acoustic
impedance to the impacting object will be the outermost from the head or
body to be protected. This layer ensures that most of the incident energy is
transmitted to the absorbing material, thus serving to enhance the
conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy and thereby reduce the rapid
acceleration of the head. The impedance mismatch between the outer layer
and the head or body ensures that any energy not absorbed by the outer
layer is decoupled at and largely reflected back from the material interfaces
back into the outer layer for absorption via a second pass through that layer.
In principle the transmission of energy could be controlled by the use of
mass/spring/damper systems. However by using materials based on a
viscoelastic polymer matrix both the required stiffness and damping can be
incorporated into a single material resulting in a much more practical
protective material.
The invention is of particular applicability to the provision of protection for the
human head. Stress wave coupling to produce a pressure wave within the
brain and the absorption of the resultant pressure wave energy within in the
brain is a potentially significant source of damage and is likely to be
exacerbated by multiple reflections at the internal brain/skull interface and
the possibility of resonance effects, both of which are of particular potential
significance given the properties of skull and brain tissue. Thus, a particular
embodiment of the invention comprises a protective helmet incorporating the
protective layered material hereinbefore described. Examples of uses for the
resultant lightweight helmet include automotive applications, cycling helmets,
rugby scrum caps, and protective headgear for boxing and like weaponless
combat based contact sports.
Although in most circumstances it is clear that the protective material is
conveniently applied to the head, it will be appreciated that in principle the
protective material may be applied to the impactor and still produce the
necessary decoupling on impact. A particular application of this arises in the
field of boxing and similar weaponless combat based contact sports. In
professional boxing, protective headgear is not used in competition. By
analogy, the material according to the invention can in this case be used in
an embodiment of the invention comprising a glove for use in combat based
sports, for example a boxing glove, incorporating the protective material
hereinbefore described. Similar principles could be applied to footwear in
sports allowing foot/head contact and it is intended that "glove" is here read
broadly to cover all such like protective covering.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a method of protection of the
human head or body from soft tissue damage caused by an impacting object
comprises interposing between the human head or body and an impacting
object at least two layers of viscoelastic polymeric material, including at least
one first layer of a first viscoelastic polymeric material selected to be
substantially matched in acoustic impedance to the impacting object and at
least one second layer of a second viscoelastic polymeric material positioned
between the head or body and the layer or layers of the first material,
selected to produce a large mismatch in acoustic impedance between the
human head or body and the first layer.
Human impact injuries are often frequency specific and if the energy within
the injurious frequency band can be effectively decoupled from the body then
the risk of fatal injury can be reduced. The method of protection can be
refined to maximise protection for a particular impact event by preceding with
the method with the additional steps of analysing the damage profile for the
particular impact event in the frequency domain, determining the particular
stress wave frequency band producing maximum tissue damage, selecting
the material for the at least one first layer of a first viscoelastic polymeric
material to have a minimum mismatch in acoustic impedance the particular
stress wave frequency band, and selecting the material for the at least one
second layer of a second viscoelastic polymeric material to have a maximum
mismatch in acoustic impedance with the impactor and the head or body at
the particular stress wave frequency band. In this case the second layer is
preferably configured to exhibit quarter wave resonance at the particular
stress wave frequency band to further enhance its energy absorbing
capabilities within that band.
Materials are selected from known acoustic materials having the desired
dynamic properties. They will be polyurethane materials with additives,
including fillers and possibly fibres, to optimise complex moduli, loss
tangents, densities, and complex phase velocities. Suitable materials will be
familiar to those skilled in the art.
The method is generally applicable to blunt object impacts, in which a
significant injury mechanism arises from the direct coupling of the impact
energy to the body. The kinetic energy of the impactor is converted to
potential energy and transmitted straight through to the vital organs. If the
energy within the injurious frequency bands can be effectively decoupled
from the body then the effects of the impact can be reduced. This is true in
the case of a boxer hitting his opponent. If the energy carried by the punch
can be decoupled and absorbed within the glove or protective headgear then
the risk of serious injury can be reduced.
Claims (9)
- A material for the protection of the human head or body from soft tissue damage caused by an impacting object comprises at least two layers of viscoelastic polymeric material, including at least one first layer of a first viscoelastic polymeric material selected to be substantially matched in acoustic impedance to the impacting object and at least one second layer of a second viscoelastic polymeric material, characterised in that the layer or layers of the second material are positioned between the first material and the head or body, and are selected to produce a large mismatch in acoustic impedance between the first layer and the human head or body.
- A material for the protection of the human head or body from soft tissue damage caused by an impacting object as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the large mismatch in acoustic impedance provided by the second layer is at least 2MRayls.
- An article of protective clothing comprising the material in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2.
- A protective helmet comprising the material in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2.
- Protective headgear for use in combat based sports comprising the material in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2.
- A glove for use in combat based sports comprising the material in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2.
- A method of protection of the human head or body from soft tissue damage caused by an impacting object comprises interposing between the human head or body and an impacting object at least two layers of viscoelastic polymeric material, including at least one first layer of a first viscoelastic polymeric material selected to be substantially matched in acoustic impedance to the impacting object and at least one second layer of a second viscoelastic polymeric material, positioned between the first material and the head or body selected to produce a large mismatch in acoustic impedance between the human head or body and the first layer.
- The method of protection according to claim 7 preceded by the steps of analysing the damage profile for the particular impact event in the frequency domain, determining the particular stress wave frequency band producing maximum tissue damage, selecting the material for the at least one first layer of viscoelastic polymeric material to have a minimum mismatch in acoustic impedance at the particular stress wave frequency band, and selecting the material for the at least one second layer of viscoelastic polymeric material to have a maximum mismatch in acoustic impedance at the particular stress wave frequency band.
- The method of protection according to claim 8 wherein the second layer is configured to exhibit quarter wave resonance at the particular stress wave frequency band.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9601905.4A GB9601905D0 (en) | 1996-01-31 | 1996-01-31 | Protection of human head and body |
| GB9601905 | 1996-01-31 | ||
| PCT/GB1997/000263 WO1997027770A1 (en) | 1996-01-31 | 1997-01-30 | Protection of human head and body |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0930832A1 EP0930832A1 (en) | 1999-07-28 |
| EP0930832B1 true EP0930832B1 (en) | 2002-06-12 |
Family
ID=10787848
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97901721A Expired - Lifetime EP0930832B1 (en) | 1996-01-31 | 1997-01-30 | Protection of human head and body |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0930832B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE218819T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU1552997A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2242921A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ234798A3 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69713355T2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9601905D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997027770A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USD708395S1 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2014-07-01 | Joey LaRocque | Protective helmet |
| USD774257S1 (en) | 2015-02-11 | 2016-12-13 | Joey LaRocque | Helmet |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE59908650D1 (en) | 1998-12-10 | 2004-04-01 | Trisa Holding Ag Triengen | PLASTIC OBJECT FOR USE IN THE FIELD OF BODY CARE |
| AU7079600A (en) * | 1999-08-25 | 2001-03-19 | Ergodyne Corporation | Vibration damping member and method of making same |
| US6723401B1 (en) | 1999-08-25 | 2004-04-20 | Ergodyne Corporation | Vibration damping member and method of making same |
| EP1517662B1 (en) | 2002-06-17 | 2009-07-29 | Hill-Rom Services, Inc. | Apparatus for pulling patient up in bed |
| US7290299B2 (en) | 2004-01-09 | 2007-11-06 | Votel Thomas W | Device and method for positioning patients |
| US11154108B2 (en) | 2015-02-25 | 2021-10-26 | Joey LaRocque | Vented soft-sided helmet |
| ES2904548T3 (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2022-04-05 | Univ Michigan Regents | Explosion/impact frequency adjustment and mitigation |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2249942B (en) * | 1990-11-23 | 1994-09-28 | Ava | Protective articles for personal wear |
| EP0564249A1 (en) * | 1992-03-30 | 1993-10-06 | Sports Protection Limited | Impact resistant and impact absorbing laminate |
| US5537687A (en) * | 1993-10-15 | 1996-07-23 | Garza; Jaime | Protective face mask system using varying thicknesses of energy absorption & dissipation material |
| US5673437A (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1997-10-07 | Chase Ergonomics Inc. | Vibration attenuating member and method of making same |
-
1996
- 1996-01-31 GB GBGB9601905.4A patent/GB9601905D0/en active Pending
-
1997
- 1997-01-30 WO PCT/GB1997/000263 patent/WO1997027770A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-01-30 AU AU15529/97A patent/AU1552997A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-01-30 AT AT97901721T patent/ATE218819T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-01-30 DE DE69713355T patent/DE69713355T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-30 EP EP97901721A patent/EP0930832B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-30 CZ CZ982347A patent/CZ234798A3/en unknown
- 1997-01-30 CA CA002242921A patent/CA2242921A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USD708395S1 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2014-07-01 | Joey LaRocque | Protective helmet |
| USRE46249E1 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2016-12-27 | Joey LaRocque | Protective helmet |
| USD774257S1 (en) | 2015-02-11 | 2016-12-13 | Joey LaRocque | Helmet |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU1552997A (en) | 1997-08-22 |
| ATE218819T1 (en) | 2002-06-15 |
| CA2242921A1 (en) | 1997-08-07 |
| CZ234798A3 (en) | 1998-10-14 |
| DE69713355D1 (en) | 2002-07-18 |
| DE69713355T2 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
| GB9601905D0 (en) | 1996-04-03 |
| WO1997027770A1 (en) | 1997-08-07 |
| EP0930832A1 (en) | 1999-07-28 |
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