EP0929737B1 - Steam turbine with condenser and method of cooling a steam turbine in ventilating mode - Google Patents

Steam turbine with condenser and method of cooling a steam turbine in ventilating mode Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0929737B1
EP0929737B1 EP97943765A EP97943765A EP0929737B1 EP 0929737 B1 EP0929737 B1 EP 0929737B1 EP 97943765 A EP97943765 A EP 97943765A EP 97943765 A EP97943765 A EP 97943765A EP 0929737 B1 EP0929737 B1 EP 0929737B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
cooling
condenser
interior
steam turbine
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EP97943765A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0929737A1 (en
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Hans-Joachim Endries
Claus Eggert
Hans Stein
Rolf-Dieter Koch
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12Cooling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F01K13/025Cooling the interior by injection during idling or stand-by

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam turbine with one of one Action steam through which the interior can flow and a condenser for condensing the action steam and a method for Cooling of a steam turbine, in particular a low-pressure steam turbine, in ventilation mode.
  • a reaction steam turbine is without in US Pat. No. 1,447,081 Condenser described in which a fluidic Connection via a bypass line between one and one Steam flow acted on line and an area between an idling high pressure and low pressure part is. A valve must be used to make this connection be opened.
  • the turbine is in particular a marine turbine, which is used for forward operation and is designed for reverse operation.
  • the turbine comprises a blade section an impulse section, a high pressure reaction section and one Low pressure reaction section.
  • the turbine has another additional pulse section, which is axially downstream of the low pressure reaction section is and acts on the same turbine shaft.
  • One in forward operation emerging from the low pressure reaction section Steam flow flows into the same exhaust pipe as one Steam flow through the pulse section for reverse operation.
  • the low pressure reaction section and the pulse section are therefore fluidly connected to one another for reverse operation connected.
  • a standing of the steam which is due to the rotation of the idling low pressure blades would cause the blades to heat up prevent is a bypass line leading from one chamber between high pressure and low pressure section to the exhaust pipe intended.
  • the valve is in this bypass line arranged, which closed during forward operation of the turbine must become.
  • EP 0 602 040 B1 discloses one Cooling low pressure steam turbine in ventilation mode, the rotor of the steam turbine being rotated without turning relaxing steam.
  • a ventilation operation comes for example in a multi-housing Turboset before, in front of a low-pressure steam turbine Possibility to derive the otherwise in the low pressure steam turbine to relaxing action steam in one Heating heat exchanger or the like is provided.
  • a cooling in ventilation mode according to EP 0 602 040 B1 by feeding steam into one between an inlet for the action steam to be relaxed and an outlet tapping of this steam.
  • the tap is for example connected to the vapor space of a condenser, wherein the amount of steam and / or feed supplied Condensate depending on one determined in the steam turbine Temperature value is regulated.
  • An injection at the inlet of the steam turbine can optionally lead to condensate in the area of the inlet agglomerated and blading due to surge formation the turbine is at risk. This is done by feeding in Avoid steam in a tap.
  • CH-A-238 206 describes a method for cooling a Condensing steam turbine at idle and a condensing steam turbine described. This is done according to the cooling process suggested the one used for cooling To conduct steam in a cycle. For this is the Condensation steam turbine with a connecting line between the capacitor and the insertion point of the Cooling steam designed so that steam from the condenser through the connecting line through the low pressure blades can be conveyed back into the steam chamber. The Steam absorbs the ventilation heat from these blades and is cooled again in the condenser.
  • Cooling the turbine in ventilation mode is particularly important advantageous because during ventilation operation There is a steam atmosphere in the turbine, the static pressure in the one with the low pressure steam turbine connected condenser prevailing pressure. The Turbine blades rubbing against this steam (ventilation) can lead to considerable heat development, causing the Turbine overheated and in extreme cases not permitted can be charged.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a steam turbine, which is easy and effective to cool in ventilation mode.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a Method for cooling a steam turbine, in particular a low pressure steam turbine during a ventilation operation.
  • a shut-off device ensures the automatic onset of a flow of steam from the Condenser into the interior of the steam turbine, if the vapor pressure in the interior falls below a critical value, which takes place particularly in ventilation mode.
  • shut-off device If the vapor pressure in the condenser is higher than that in the interior opens the shut-off device the cooling steam line, while it at one the cooling steam line is closed in the interior at higher pressure holds.
  • a self-opening shut-off device can have a biasing element, for example a Closing spring, its closing force plus the pressure in the interior of the vapor pressure in the condenser for opening the Barrier must be surpassed.
  • the cooling steam line preferably opens into the interior upstream of the last row of guide vanes in front of an outlet for the action steam. This means that one is in ventilation mode forming steam flow in the condenser and the steam turbine remaining steam through the freely rotating Run blades of the steam turbine ensure that at least the last row of vanes, which is the strongest warmed, cooled. To continue effective cooling upstream guide vane rows can cause the cooling steam line also upstream of these rows of guide vanes to be cooled lead. It preferably opens before the penultimate one or third last row of guide vanes in the interior on. With a double-flow low-pressure steam turbine is for a corresponding cooling steam line is provided for each flood. The Cooling steam line can of course also be in an already flow into the existing tap.
  • the shut-off device is preferably designed so that it a differential vapor pressure of 0.02 bar to 0.06 bar, in particular at about 0.03 bar, the cooling steam line opens.
  • the Shut-off device is preferably depending on the location of the mouth Cooling steam line into the interior of the steam turbine adjustable so that it is at another predetermined differential vapor pressure the cooling steam line opens.
  • a method for cooling a Steam turbine in ventilation operation task thereby solved that in the presence of a predetermined pressure difference between steam in the interior of the steam turbine and in the capacitor a connecting the interior with the capacitor Cooling steam line through a self-opening shut-off device opened and thereby a circulation flow between Interior and capacitor is formed.
  • Fig. 1 shows in a longitudinal section a double-flow low-pressure steam turbine 1, which is part of a not shown Steam turbine plant is.
  • the steam turbine 1 has one Turbine shaft 9 on two sides of the steam turbine 1 arranged shaft bearings 11 is mounted.
  • the steam turbine 1 has an interior 3, in which the with a Turbine inner housing 17 connected guide blades 7 and the arranged with the turbine shaft 9 blades 10 are.
  • This evaporation nozzle 8 opens into a condenser largely surrounding the interior 3 4.
  • the condenser 4 is with the interior 3 via a cooling steam line 5 connected, in which an automatically opening shut-off device 6 is arranged.
  • the cooling steam line 5 opens upstream of the seen in the flow direction of the action steam 2 last Guide vane row 7a. It preferably opens between the penultimate guide vane row 7b and the third to last vane row 7c.
  • the cooling steam line 5 is for example as a pipe with a circular cross-section and a diameter of approximately 0.6 m.
  • the shut-off device 6 is designed that it is during normal power operation Steam turbine 1 keeps the cooling steam line 5 shut off.
  • the Turbine shaft 9 can continue to rotate (the so-called Ventilation operation before) so the shut-off 6 gives the Cooling steam line 5 free as soon as the steam pressure in the condenser 4 is larger than in the interior 3.
  • This is preferably for the opening of the shut-off device 6 necessary pressure difference between the interior 3 and the condenser 4 about 0.3 bar or fewer.
  • steam flows out of the Condenser 4 into the interior 3 and leads to a Cooling of the last turbine guide vane rows 7a, 7b, 7c, caused by friction on the remaining in the interior 3 Steam can be heated.
  • a circulation flow is formed of steam from the condenser 4 into the interior 3 and back into the capacitor 4.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a low pressure steam turbine 1 with a capacitor 4 and the interior 3 connecting cooling steam line 5.
  • the cooling steam line 5 is connected to a shut-off device 6, which has a valve opening 14, which during a power operation of the Steam turbine 1 is closed by a sealing element 12.
  • a shut-off device 6 which has a valve opening 14, which during a power operation of the Steam turbine 1 is closed by a sealing element 12.
  • Sealing element 12 and closing spring 13 are here via a piston rod 15 guided over bearings connected.
  • the closing force of the spring 13 causes that Sealing element 12 only opens the valve opening 14 when caused by the pressure in the condenser 4 on the sealing element 12 acting force by the prevailing in the interior 3 Pressure generated plus the closing force of the closing spring Exceeds 13. Due to the adjustability of the closing spring 13 can open the shut-off device 6 depending on the required Conditions for ventilation operation accordingly be adjusted. It is understood that others too self-opening shut-off devices, especially valves that are due to open a prevailing pressure difference can be.
  • the invention is characterized in that a connecting line between a condenser of a steam turbine and the interior of the steam turbine by an automatically opening one Valve is opened as soon as a predetermined pressure difference between the vapor atmosphere in the interior and the steam is present in the condenser. This is one Switching from power mode to ventilation mode the steam turbine automatically starts cooling the Steam turbine guaranteed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Dampfturbine mit einem von einem Aktionsdampf durchströmbaren Innenraum und einem Kondensator zur Kondensation des Aktionsdampfes sowie ein Verfahren zur Kühlung einer Dampfturbine, insbesondere einer Niederdruck-Dampfturbine, im Ventilationsbetrieb.The invention relates to a steam turbine with one of one Action steam through which the interior can flow and a condenser for condensing the action steam and a method for Cooling of a steam turbine, in particular a low-pressure steam turbine, in ventilation mode.

In der US-PS 1,447,081 ist eine Reaktionsdampfturbine ohne Kondensator beschrieben, bei der eine strömungstechnische Verbindung über eine Bypassleitung zwischen einer mit einer Dampfströmung beaufschlagten Leitung und einem Bereich zwischen einem leerlaufenden Hochdruck- und Niederdruckteil hergestellt ist. Zur Herstellung dieser Verbindung muß ein Ventil geöffnet werden. Bei der Turbine handelt es sich insbesondere um eine Schiffsturbine, welche für einen Vorwärtsbetrieb und einen Rückwärtsbetrieb ausgelegt ist. Für den Vorwärtsbetrieb weist die Turbine eine Schaufelsektion umfassend eine Impulssektion, eine Hochdruck-Reaktionssektion und eine Niederdruck-Reaktionssektion auf. Für einen Rückwärtsbetrieb weist die Turbine eine weitere zusätzliche Impulssektion auf, welche der Niederdruck-Reaktionssektion axial nachgeschaltet ist und auf die gleiche Turbinenwelle wirkt. Eine bei Vorwärtsbetrieb aus der Niederdruck-Reaktionssektion austretende Dampfströmung mündet in den gleichen Abdampfstutzen wie eine Dampfströmung durch die Impulssektion für den Rückwärtsbetrieb. Die Niederdruck-Reaktionssektion und die Impulssektion für den Rückwärtsbetrieb sind mithin strömungstechnisch miteinander verbunden. Bei einem Rückwärtsbetrieb gelangt somit Dampf zumindest zu einem geringen Teil in die Niederdruck-Reaktionssektion. Um in diesem Fall ein Stehen des Dampfes, welches infolge der Rotation der leerlaufenden Niederdruckschaufeln zu einer Erwärmung der Schaufeln führen würde, zu verhindern, ist eine Bypassleitung, führend von einer Kammer zwischen Hochdruck- und Niederdrucksektion zu dem Abdampfstutzen vorgesehen. In dieser Bypassleitung ist das Ventil angeordnet, welches bei einem Vorwärtsbetrieb der Turbine geschlossen werden muß.A reaction steam turbine is without in US Pat. No. 1,447,081 Condenser described in which a fluidic Connection via a bypass line between one and one Steam flow acted on line and an area between an idling high pressure and low pressure part is. A valve must be used to make this connection be opened. The turbine is in particular a marine turbine, which is used for forward operation and is designed for reverse operation. For forward operation the turbine comprises a blade section an impulse section, a high pressure reaction section and one Low pressure reaction section. For reverse operation the turbine has another additional pulse section, which is axially downstream of the low pressure reaction section is and acts on the same turbine shaft. One in forward operation emerging from the low pressure reaction section Steam flow flows into the same exhaust pipe as one Steam flow through the pulse section for reverse operation. The low pressure reaction section and the pulse section are therefore fluidly connected to one another for reverse operation connected. In reverse operation, this means Steam at least to a small extent in the low pressure reaction section. To in this case a standing of the steam, which is due to the rotation of the idling low pressure blades would cause the blades to heat up prevent is a bypass line leading from one chamber between high pressure and low pressure section to the exhaust pipe intended. The valve is in this bypass line arranged, which closed during forward operation of the turbine must become.

Es ist beispielsweise aus der EP 0 602 040 B1 bekannt, eine Niederdruck-Dampfturbine im Ventilationsbetrieb zu kühlen, wobei der Rotor der Dampfturbine gedreht wird, ohne von zu entspannendem Dampf beaufschlagt zu werden. Ein solcher Ventilationsbetrieb kommt beispielsweise in einem mehrgehäusigen Turbosatz vor, in dem vor einer Niederdruck-Dampfturbine eine Möglichkeit zur Ableitung des ansonsten in der Niederdruck-Dampfturbine zu entspannenden Aktionsdampfes in einen Heizwärmetauscher oder dergleichen vorgesehen ist. Eine Kühlung im Ventilationsbetrieb erfolgt gemäß der EP 0 602 040 B1 durch eine Einspeisung von Dampf in eine zwischen einem Einlaß für den zu entspannenden Aktionsdampf und einem Auslaß dieses Dampfes vorgesehenen Anzapfung. Die Anzapfung ist beispielsweise mit dem Dampfraum eines Kondensators verbunden, wobei die Menge an zugeführtem Dampf und/oder zugeführtem Kondensat in Abhängigkeit eines in der Dampfturbine ermittelten Temperaturwertes geregelt wird. Gegenüber einer Einspritzung am Auslaß, bei der sich die Kühlwirkung auf Teile der Turbine in der Nähe des Auslasses beschränkt, hat eine Einspeisung von Dampf in eine Anzapfung den Vorteil, daß auch weiter stromauf liegende Turbinenkomponenten gekühlt werden. Eine Einspritzung am Einlaß der Dampfturbine kann gegebenenfalls dazu führen, daß sich Kondensat im Bereich des Einlasses agglomeriert und durch Schwallbildung die Beschaufelung der Turbine gefährdet. Dies wird durch eine Einspeisung von Dampf in eine Anzapfung ebenfalls vermieden.For example, EP 0 602 040 B1 discloses one Cooling low pressure steam turbine in ventilation mode, the rotor of the steam turbine being rotated without turning relaxing steam. Such a ventilation operation comes for example in a multi-housing Turboset before, in front of a low-pressure steam turbine Possibility to derive the otherwise in the low pressure steam turbine to relaxing action steam in one Heating heat exchanger or the like is provided. A cooling in ventilation mode according to EP 0 602 040 B1 by feeding steam into one between an inlet for the action steam to be relaxed and an outlet tapping of this steam. The tap is for example connected to the vapor space of a condenser, wherein the amount of steam and / or feed supplied Condensate depending on one determined in the steam turbine Temperature value is regulated. Opposite an injection at the outlet, where the cooling effect on parts of the Turbine confined near the outlet has an infeed of steam in a tap the advantage of that too turbine components lying further upstream are cooled. An injection at the inlet of the steam turbine can optionally lead to condensate in the area of the inlet agglomerated and blading due to surge formation the turbine is at risk. This is done by feeding in Avoid steam in a tap.

In der CH-A-238 206 ist ein Verfahren zur Kühlung einer Kondensations-Dampfturbine im Leerlauf und eine Kondensations-Dampfturbine beschrieben. Dabei wird gemäß dem Kühlverfahren vorgeschlagen, den für die Kühlung verwendeten Dampf in einem Kreislauf zu führen. Hierzu ist die Kondensations-Dampfturbine mit einer Verbindungsleitung zwischen dem Kondensator und der Einführungsstelle des Kühldampfes ausgestaltet, so dass Dampf aus dem Kondensator durch die Verbindungsleitung durch die Niederdruckschaufeln wieder zurück in den Abdampfraum gefördert werden kann. Der Dampf nimmt dabei die Ventilationswärme dieser Schaufeln auf und wird im Kondensator wieder abgekühlt.CH-A-238 206 describes a method for cooling a Condensing steam turbine at idle and a condensing steam turbine described. This is done according to the cooling process suggested the one used for cooling To conduct steam in a cycle. For this is the Condensation steam turbine with a connecting line between the capacitor and the insertion point of the Cooling steam designed so that steam from the condenser through the connecting line through the low pressure blades can be conveyed back into the steam chamber. The Steam absorbs the ventilation heat from these blades and is cooled again in the condenser.

Eine Kühlung der Turbine im Ventilationsbetrieb ist insbesondere deshalb vorteilhaft, weil während des Ventilationsbetriebes in der Turbine eine Dampfatmosphäre vorliegt, deren statischer Druck dem in dem mit der Niederdruck-Dampfturbine verbundenen Kondensator herrschenden Druck entspricht. Die Reibung der Turbinenschaufeln an diesem Dampf (Ventilation) kann zu beachtlicher Wärmeentwicklung führen, wodurch die Turbine stark aufgeheizt und im Extremfall dadurch unzulässig belastet werden kann.Cooling the turbine in ventilation mode is particularly important advantageous because during ventilation operation There is a steam atmosphere in the turbine, the static pressure in the one with the low pressure steam turbine connected condenser prevailing pressure. The Turbine blades rubbing against this steam (ventilation) can lead to considerable heat development, causing the Turbine overheated and in extreme cases not permitted can be charged.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Dampfturbine anzugeben, die im Ventilationsbetrieb einfach und wirksam kühlbar ist. Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht in der Angabe eines Verfahrens zur Kühlung einer Dampfturbine, insbesondere einer Niederdruck-Dampfturbine, während eines Ventilationsbetriebes.The object of the invention is to provide a steam turbine, which is easy and effective to cool in ventilation mode. Another object of the invention is to provide a Method for cooling a steam turbine, in particular a low pressure steam turbine during a ventilation operation.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die auf eine Dampfturbine gerichtete Aufgabe für eine Dampfturbine mit einem von einem Aktionsdampf durchströmbaren Innenraum und einem Kondensator zur Kondensation des Aktionsdampfes dadurch gelöst, daß der Kondensator mit dem Innenraum über eine Kühldampfleitung verbunden ist, die durch ein in Abhängigkeit des Differenzdampfdruckes zwischen Kondensator und Innenraum öffnendes Absperrorgan absperrbar ist. Ein solches Absperrorgan gewährleistet das automatische Einsetzen einer Strömung von Dampf aus dem Kondensator in den Innenraum der Dampfturbine hinein, falls der Dampfdruck in dem Innenraum einen kritischen Wert unterschreitet, was insbesondere im Ventilationsbetrieb erfolgt.According to the invention, it is directed towards a steam turbine Task for a steam turbine with one of a action steam flowable interior and a condenser Condensation of the action steam solved in that the condenser connected to the interior via a cooling steam line which is a function of the differential vapor pressure Shut-off device that opens between the condenser and the interior is lockable. Such a shut-off device ensures the automatic onset of a flow of steam from the Condenser into the interior of the steam turbine, if the vapor pressure in the interior falls below a critical value, which takes place particularly in ventilation mode.

Ist der Dampfdruck im Kondensator höher als im Innenraum öffnet das Absperrorgan die Kühldampfleitung, während es bei einem im Innenraum höheren Druck die Kühldampfleitung verschlossen hält. Ein solch selbständig öffnendes Absperrorgan kann ein Vorspannelement aufweisen, beispielsweise eine Schließfeder, dessen Schließkraft zuzüglich dem Druck im Innenraum von dem Dampfdruck im Kondensator für ein Öffnen des Absperrorgans übertroffen werden muß.If the vapor pressure in the condenser is higher than that in the interior opens the shut-off device the cooling steam line, while it at one the cooling steam line is closed in the interior at higher pressure holds. Such a self-opening shut-off device can have a biasing element, for example a Closing spring, its closing force plus the pressure in the interior of the vapor pressure in the condenser for opening the Barrier must be surpassed.

Die Kühldampfleitung mündet in den Innenraum vorzugsweise stromauf der letzten Leitschaufelreihe vor einem Auslaß für den Aktionsdampf ein. Hierdurch ist bei einer sich im Ventilationsbetrieb ausbildenden Dampfströmung des im Kondensator und der Dampfturbine verbliebenen Dampfes durch die freidrehenden Lauf schaufeln der Dampfturbine gewährleistet, daß zumindest die letzte Leitschaufelreihe, welche sich am stärksten erwärmt, gekühlt wird. Um eine effektive Kühlung weiter stromauf angeordneter Leitschaufelreihen zu bewirken, kann die Kühldampfleitung auch stromauf dieser zu kühlenden Leitschaufelreihen münden. Vorzugsweise mündet sie vor der vorletzten oder drittletzten Leitschaufelreihe in den Innenraum ein. Bei einer zweiflutigen Niederdruck-Dampfturbine ist für jede Flut eine entsprechende Kühldampfleitung vorgesehen. Die Kühldampfleitung kann selbstverständlich auch in eine bereits vorhandene Anzapfung einmünden.The cooling steam line preferably opens into the interior upstream of the last row of guide vanes in front of an outlet for the action steam. This means that one is in ventilation mode forming steam flow in the condenser and the steam turbine remaining steam through the freely rotating Run blades of the steam turbine ensure that at least the last row of vanes, which is the strongest warmed, cooled. To continue effective cooling upstream guide vane rows can cause the cooling steam line also upstream of these rows of guide vanes to be cooled lead. It preferably opens before the penultimate one or third last row of guide vanes in the interior on. With a double-flow low-pressure steam turbine is for a corresponding cooling steam line is provided for each flood. The Cooling steam line can of course also be in an already flow into the existing tap.

Das Absperrorgan ist vorzugsweise so ausgelegt, daß es bei einem Differenzdampfdruck von 0,02 bar bis 0,06 bar, insbesondere bei etwa 0,03 bar, die Kühldampfleitung öffnet. Das Absperrorgan ist vorzugsweise je nach Lage der Mündung der Kühldampfleitung in den Innenraum der Dampfturbine hinein so einstellbar, daß es bei einem anderen vorgegebenen Differenzdampfdruck die Kühldampfleitung öffnet.The shut-off device is preferably designed so that it a differential vapor pressure of 0.02 bar to 0.06 bar, in particular at about 0.03 bar, the cooling steam line opens. The Shut-off device is preferably depending on the location of the mouth Cooling steam line into the interior of the steam turbine adjustable so that it is at another predetermined differential vapor pressure the cooling steam line opens.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die auf ein Verfahren zur Kühlung einer Dampfturbine im Ventilationsbetrieb gerichtete Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß bei Vorliegen einer vorgebbaren Druckdifferenz zwischen Dampf in dem Innenraum der Dampfturbine und in dem Kondensator eine den Innenraum mit dem Kondensator verbindende Kühldampfleitung durch ein selbstöffnendes Absperrorgan geöffnet und dadurch eine Zirkulationsströmung zwischen Innenraum und Kondensator ausgebildet wird.According to the invention, a method for cooling a Steam turbine in ventilation operation task thereby solved that in the presence of a predetermined pressure difference between steam in the interior of the steam turbine and in the capacitor a connecting the interior with the capacitor Cooling steam line through a self-opening shut-off device opened and thereby a circulation flow between Interior and capacitor is formed.

Anhand des in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels werden die Dampfturbine sowie das Verfahren zur Kühlung der Dampfturbine im Ventilationsbetrieb näher erläutert. Es zeigen in teilweise schematischer und nicht maßstäblicher Darstellung

FIG1
einen Längsschnitt durch eine Niederdruck-Dampfturbine einer Turbinenanlage sowie
FIG 2
einen Querschnitt durch die Niederdruck-Dampfturbine.
The steam turbine and the method for cooling the steam turbine in ventilation mode are explained in more detail using the exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. They show a partially schematic and not to scale representation
FIG1
a longitudinal section through a low pressure steam turbine of a turbine plant and
FIG 2
a cross section through the low pressure steam turbine.

Fig. 1 zeigt in einem Längsschnitt eine zweiflutige Niederdruck-Dampfturbine 1, die Teil einer nicht näher dargestellten Dampfturbinenanlage ist. Die Dampfturbine 1 weist eine Turbinenwelle 9 auf, die auf zwei beiderseits der Dampfturbine 1 angeordneten Wellenlagern 11 gelagert ist. Die Dampfturbine 1 weist einen Innenraum 3 auf, in dem die mit einem Turbineninnengehäuse 17 verbundenen Leitschaufeln 7 sowie die mit der Turbinenwelle 9 verbundenen Laufschaufeln 10 angeordnet sind. Während eines normalen Leistungsbetriebes der Dampfturbine 1 strömt ein die Laufschaufeln 10 antreibender sich dabei entspannender Aktionsdampf 2 in axialer Richtung durch den Innenraum 3 hindurch und strömt aus dem Innenraum 3 durch einen Abdampfstutzen 8 aus. Dieser Abdampfstutzen 8 mündet in einen den Innenraum 3 weitgehend umgebenden Kondensator 4. Während des normalen Leistungsbetriebes der Dampfturbine 1 wird der entspannte Aktionsdampf 2 in dem Kondensator 4 gekühlt und fällt dort als Kondensat aus. Der Kondensator 4 ist mit dem Innenraum 3 über eine Kühldampfleitung 5 verbunden, in welcher ein selbsttätig öffnendes Absperrorgan 6 angeordnet ist. Die Kühldampfleitung 5 mündet stromauf der in Strömungsrichtung des Aktionsdampfes 2 gesehen letzten Leitschaufelreihe 7a. Vorzugsweise mündet sie zwischen der vorletzten Leitschaufelreihe 7b und der drittletzten Leitschaufelreihe 7c. Die Kühldampfleitung 5 ist beispielsweise als Rohrleitung mit Kreisquerschnitt und einem Durchmesser von ca. 0,6 m ausgeführt. Das Absperrorgan 6 ist so ausgelegt, daß es während eines normalen Leistungsbetriebes der Dampfturbine 1 die Kühldampfleitung 5 abgesperrt hält. Wird der Zustrom an Aktionsdampf 2 unterbunden, wobei sich die Turbinenwelle 9 weiter drehen kann (es liegt der sogenannte Ventilationsbetrieb vor) so gibt das Absperrorgan 6 die Kühldampfleitung 5 frei, sobald der Dampfdruck im Kondensator 4 größer als im Innenraum 3 ist. Vorzugsweise beträgt die für das Öffnen des Absperrorgans 6 notwendige Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Innenraum 3 und dem Kondensator 4 ca. 0,3 bar oder weniger. Nach Öffnen des Absperrorgans 6 strömt Dampf aus dem Kondensator 4 in den Innenraum 3 hinein und führt zu einer Kühlung der letzten Turbinenleitschaufelreihen 7a, 7b, 7c, die durch eine Reibung an dem in dem Innenraum 3 verbliebenen Dampf erwärmt werden. Es bildet sich eine Zirkulationsströmung von Dampf aus dem Kondensator 4 in den Innenraum 3 und in den Kondensator 4 zurück aus.Fig. 1 shows in a longitudinal section a double-flow low-pressure steam turbine 1, which is part of a not shown Steam turbine plant is. The steam turbine 1 has one Turbine shaft 9 on two sides of the steam turbine 1 arranged shaft bearings 11 is mounted. The steam turbine 1 has an interior 3, in which the with a Turbine inner housing 17 connected guide blades 7 and the arranged with the turbine shaft 9 blades 10 are. During normal power operation of the Steam turbine 1 flows into the moving blades 10 relaxing action steam 2 in the axial direction through the interior 3 and flows out of the interior 3 through an exhaust pipe 8. This evaporation nozzle 8 opens into a condenser largely surrounding the interior 3 4. During normal power operation of the steam turbine 1 becomes the relaxed action steam 2 in the condenser 4 cooled and precipitates there as condensate. The condenser 4 is with the interior 3 via a cooling steam line 5 connected, in which an automatically opening shut-off device 6 is arranged. The cooling steam line 5 opens upstream of the seen in the flow direction of the action steam 2 last Guide vane row 7a. It preferably opens between the penultimate guide vane row 7b and the third to last vane row 7c. The cooling steam line 5 is for example as a pipe with a circular cross-section and a diameter of approximately 0.6 m. The shut-off device 6 is designed that it is during normal power operation Steam turbine 1 keeps the cooling steam line 5 shut off. Becomes the inflow of action steam 2 prevented, the Turbine shaft 9 can continue to rotate (the so-called Ventilation operation before) so the shut-off 6 gives the Cooling steam line 5 free as soon as the steam pressure in the condenser 4 is larger than in the interior 3. This is preferably for the opening of the shut-off device 6 necessary pressure difference between the interior 3 and the condenser 4 about 0.3 bar or fewer. After opening the shut-off device 6, steam flows out of the Condenser 4 into the interior 3 and leads to a Cooling of the last turbine guide vane rows 7a, 7b, 7c, caused by friction on the remaining in the interior 3 Steam can be heated. A circulation flow is formed of steam from the condenser 4 into the interior 3 and back into the capacitor 4.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine Niederdruck-Dampfturbine 1 mit einer den Kondensator 4 und den Innenraum 3 verbindenden Kühldampfleitung 5. Die Kühldampfleitung 5 ist mit einem Absperrorgan 6 verbunden, welches eine Ventilöffnung 14 aufweist, die während eines Leistungsbetriebes der Dampfturbine 1 durch ein Dichtelement 12 verschlossen ist. Hierdurch wird vermieden, daß während des Leistungsbetriebes, in dem der Dampfdruck im Innenraum 3 wesentlich größer als im Kondensator 4 ist, ein unmittelbares Einströmen von Aktionsdampf 2 über die Kühldampfleitung 5 in den Kondensator 4 hinein stattfindet. Hierbei bewirkt nicht nur der Druckunterschied zwischen dem Dampfdruck im Innenraum 3 und dem Kondensator 4 ein Anpressen des Dichtelementes 12 an die Ventilöffnung 14, sondern es ist ebenfalls eine Schließfeder 13 mit einstellbarer Federkraft vorgesehen, die ein Schließen des Absperrorganes 6 bewirkt. Dichtelement 12 und Schließfeder 13 sind hierbei über eine über Lager geführte Kolbenstange 15 verbunden. Die Schließkraft der Feder 13 bewirkt, daß das Dichtelement 12 die Ventilöffnung 14 erst dann freigibt, wenn die durch den Druck im Kondensator 4 auf das Dichtelement 12 wirkende Kraft die durch den im Innenraum 3 herrschenden Druck erzeugte Kraft zuzüglich der Schließkraft der Schließfeder 13 übersteigt. Durch die Einstellbarkeit der Schließfeder 13 kann das Öffnen des Absperrorgans 6 je nach den erforderlichen Bedingungen für den Ventilationsbetrieb entsprechend angepaßt werden. Es versteht sich, daß auch andere selbstöffnende Absperrorgane, insbesondere Ventile, die aufgrund einer herrschenden Druckdifferenz öffnen, verwendet werden können.Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a low pressure steam turbine 1 with a capacitor 4 and the interior 3 connecting cooling steam line 5. The cooling steam line 5 is connected to a shut-off device 6, which has a valve opening 14, which during a power operation of the Steam turbine 1 is closed by a sealing element 12. This avoids that during power operation, in which the vapor pressure in the interior 3 is significantly greater than in Condenser 4 is a direct inflow of action steam 2 into the condenser 4 via the cooling steam line 5 takes place. It is not only the pressure difference that causes this between the vapor pressure in the interior 3 and the condenser 4 a pressing of the sealing element 12 against the valve opening 14, but it is also a closing spring 13 with adjustable spring force provided that a closing of the Barrier 6 causes. Sealing element 12 and closing spring 13 are here via a piston rod 15 guided over bearings connected. The closing force of the spring 13 causes that Sealing element 12 only opens the valve opening 14 when caused by the pressure in the condenser 4 on the sealing element 12 acting force by the prevailing in the interior 3 Pressure generated plus the closing force of the closing spring Exceeds 13. Due to the adjustability of the closing spring 13 can open the shut-off device 6 depending on the required Conditions for ventilation operation accordingly be adjusted. It is understood that others too self-opening shut-off devices, especially valves that are due to open a prevailing pressure difference can be.

Die Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß eine Verbindungsleitung zwischen einem Kondensator einer Dampfturbine und dem Innenraum der Dampfturbine durch ein selbsttätig öffnendes Ventil geöffnet wird, sobald ein vorgegebener Druckunterschied zwischen der Dampfatmosphäre in dem Innenraum und dem Dampf in dem Kondensator vorliegt. Hierdurch ist bei einem Umschalten von Leistungsbetrieb auf Ventilationsbetrieb der Dampfturbine das automatische Einsetzen der Kühlung der Dampfturbine gewährleistet.The invention is characterized in that a connecting line between a condenser of a steam turbine and the interior of the steam turbine by an automatically opening one Valve is opened as soon as a predetermined pressure difference between the vapor atmosphere in the interior and the steam is present in the condenser. This is one Switching from power mode to ventilation mode the steam turbine automatically starts cooling the Steam turbine guaranteed.

Claims (5)

  1. Steam turbine (1) with an interior (3) through which an action steam (2) can flow and with a condenser (4) for condensing the action steam (2), the condenser (4) and interior (3) being connected via a cooling-steam conduit (5), characterized in that the cooling-steam conduit (5) can be shut off by means of a shut-off member (6) opening as a function of the differential steam pressure between the condenser (4) and interior (3).
  2. Steam turbine (1) according to Claim 1, the shut-off member (6) opening the cooling-steam conduit (5) for a steam flow, if the steam pressure in the condenser (4) is higher than in the interior (3), and otherwise keeping the said cooling-steam conduit shut off.
  3. Steam turbine (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, which has guide-blade rows (7) spaced axially in the direction of flow of the action steam (2), the cooling-steam conduit (5) opening into the interior (3) upstream of the last guide-blade row (7a), in particular upstream of the penultimate guide-blade row (7b) or of the antepenultimate guide-blade row (7c).
  4. Steam turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the shut-off member (6) opens at a differential steam pressure of 0.02 bar to 0.06 bar, in particular at about 0.03 bar.
  5. Method for cooling a steam turbine (1), in particular a low-pressure steam turbine, with an interior (3) through which an action steam (2) can flow and with a condenser (4) for condensing the action steam (2), characterized in that a cooling-steam conduit (5) between condenser (4) and interior (3) is released for a steam flow into the interior by means of a shut-off member (6) which opens as a function of the differential steam pressure between condenser (4) and interior (3), and steam from the condenser (4) cools the steam turbine (1) which is running in the ventilation mode.
EP97943765A 1996-09-26 1997-09-12 Steam turbine with condenser and method of cooling a steam turbine in ventilating mode Expired - Lifetime EP0929737B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19639722 1996-09-26
DE19639722 1996-09-26
PCT/DE1997/002050 WO1998013587A1 (en) 1996-09-26 1997-09-12 Steam turbine with condenser and method of cooling a steam turbine in ventilating mode

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0929737A1 EP0929737A1 (en) 1999-07-21
EP0929737B1 true EP0929737B1 (en) 2002-11-20

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97943765A Expired - Lifetime EP0929737B1 (en) 1996-09-26 1997-09-12 Steam turbine with condenser and method of cooling a steam turbine in ventilating mode

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US (1) US6135707A (en)
EP (1) EP0929737B1 (en)
DE (1) DE59708782D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1998013587A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU111580U1 (en) * 2011-02-11 2011-12-20 Альстом Текнолоджи Лтд OUTLET DEVICE FOR STEAM TURBINE MODULE

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1447081A (en) 1920-12-20 1923-02-27 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Turbine
CH238206A (en) * 1943-04-30 1945-06-30 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Process for cooling condensing steam turbines when idling.
DE928346C (en) * 1952-03-22 1955-05-31 Licentia Gmbh Device to cool a steam turbine in towing operation by means of steam from the condenser of the turbine
US3173654A (en) * 1962-03-14 1965-03-16 Burns & Roe Inc Temperature control of turbine blades on spinning reserve turbines
JPH0678724B2 (en) * 1986-04-25 1994-10-05 株式会社日立製作所 Cooling method and cooling device for steam turbine in single-shaft combined plant
DE4129518A1 (en) * 1991-09-06 1993-03-11 Siemens Ag COOLING A LOW-BRIDGE STEAM TURBINE IN VENTILATION OPERATION

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6135707A (en) 2000-10-24
WO1998013587A1 (en) 1998-04-02
DE59708782D1 (en) 2003-01-02
EP0929737A1 (en) 1999-07-21

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