EP0896108A2 - Method for installing and tensioning a free tendon, and device for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Method for installing and tensioning a free tendon, and device for carrying out the method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0896108A2
EP0896108A2 EP98111670A EP98111670A EP0896108A2 EP 0896108 A2 EP0896108 A2 EP 0896108A2 EP 98111670 A EP98111670 A EP 98111670A EP 98111670 A EP98111670 A EP 98111670A EP 0896108 A2 EP0896108 A2 EP 0896108A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strand
tensioning
peeling tool
chair
plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98111670A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0896108B1 (en
EP0896108A3 (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DYWIDAG-SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL GMBH
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Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/14—Towers; Anchors ; Connection of cables to bridge parts; Saddle supports
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49863—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
    • Y10T29/49874—Prestressing rod, filament or strand

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for installing and Tensioning a freely tensioned tension member, in particular one Cable-stayed cables for a cable-stayed bridge and one Device for performing the method.
  • Tension members as used in the construction industry to anchor Components, especially as stay cables for Cable-stayed bridges used consist of one Bundle of individual elements, such as steel wires or strands.
  • the individual elements are in the free area of the tension member arranged together in a tubular envelope; she become anchored longitudinally by the person concerned Components passed and at their entry point anchored opposite side.
  • the anchorages consist of anchor plates with holes, through which led the individual elements through and opposite which you e.g. anchored by means of multi-part ring wedges are.
  • the tubular casing can be in the free area of the Tension member made of a plastic tube, e.g. made of polyethylene (PE), or consist of a steel tube; in the Anchoring area usually consists of an anchor tube from steel.
  • PE polyethylene
  • the cavity between the individual elements and the tubular wrapping can if the individual elements themselves are protected against corrosion, remain unfilled or after clamping the individual elements with a Corrosion protection compound, e.g. Fat, or with a hardening Material, e.g. Cement mortar to be pressed out.
  • a Corrosion protection compound e.g. Fat
  • a hardening Material e.g. Cement mortar
  • the object of the invention to create a way to achieve this goal, the smallest possible distance from the end of the PE jacket the anchoring wedges when the tension member is in use, with the least possible effort and as large as possible To achieve security and tolerances, measurement errors or Exclude the like from the outset.
  • the invention is defined by those in claim 1 Procedural features solved;
  • the invention also relates a device for performing the method according to Claim 7.
  • the basic idea of the invention is the PE jacket to remove only in the course of the tensioning process, namely at the same time as tensioning the strand concerned over the Length of the expansion path that occurs at the end of tensioning. This will cause the geometric uncertainties eliminated, which can occur if the PE jacket is already there is removed before installing the strands.
  • this is at the tensioning end of the strand where the clamping press is used for clamping and the Dehnweg occurs, a peeling tool arranged on the PE sheath that attacks the strand.
  • the peeling tool can simplest case be a knife or the like with which the PE jacket is slit open during a break; the peeling tool is particularly advantageous from a stationary tool through which the jacket in the elongation of the strand that occurs as a result of tensioning peeled off, at least slit lengthways, so that it then has a simple cross section can be completely detached from the strand and removed.
  • the invention makes partial use of the teaching of DE 34 37 108 C2, which relates to a device and a method for assembling a generic tension member.
  • a tensioning chair with one in front of the armature disk and supported against the component by means of a support structure is used Intermediate anchor plate used.
  • This plate has bores for the passage and intermediate anchoring of the individual elements, each of which continues on the side of the plate facing the armature disk in a piece of pipe fastened thereon, onto which a ring wedge can be pushed with a resilient widening.
  • the strands are successful pull in or push in through a ring wedge can without fear that the strands or their coating damaged by the teeth of the wedges or even the wedges prematurely in the conical bore pulled in and thus blocked the strands prematurely would.
  • the invention can also be used to tension the strands such prestressing chair are used, in contrast the Peeling tools are supported.
  • the cutting edge of the peeling tools must be as wide as possible reach to the surface of the armature plate.
  • the later anchoring wedge already available, he can click on the tubular one Peeling tool to be put on when the The strand is peeled off through the hole in the support plate of the prestressing chair is withdrawn. In order to there will be space to remove the anchoring wedge from the To be able to push the peeling tool down onto the strand.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show the two end anchorages of a stay cable one Cable-stayed bridge, namely anchoring to the - upper - Clamping side A at the top of a pylon and the anchoring on the - lower anchoring side B on the carriageway girder.
  • the stay cable is separated by two strands 1a and 1b symbolizes that in practice part of a bundle of one any number of strands.
  • the strands 1a, 1b consist of high-strength Steel wires that are galvanized, greased and each with are surrounded by a PE jacket 2a, 2b.
  • a tensioning chair 15 is then mounted on tensioning side A.
  • the tensioning chair 15 consists of a spaced from the Armature plate 8 parallel to this lying chair plate 16, by supports 17 against the abutment plate 6 and so is supported against the building 4.
  • the chair top 16 is, similar to the armature disk 8, with holes 18 provided, in the additional ring wedges 19 are used can.
  • the strands are installed individually. This can be done using one of the known assembly methods take place, e.g. by shooting in or pulling in.
  • a peeling knife 20 is shown in FIG. 6 in Oblique view. It consists of a tube part 21 with at least one cutting edge 22 on the lower and side Approaches 23 at the top, with the help of it bayonet-like in relation to the chair plate 16 can be supported.
  • the tensioning press 14 is placed on the tensioning chair 15 attached for tensioning the strand 1a.
  • the clamping press 14 Appropriately on the tensioning chair 15 with the help of a small one second tensioning chair 24 supported. This offers the Possibility of temporary wedge 19 for a later To be able to hold back the strand 1a.
  • the strand 1a is connected to the PE jacket 2a through the surrounding peeling knife 20 and pulled through the bore 25 in the armature plate 8.
  • Cutting edge 22 of the peeling knife 20 becomes the PE jacket 2a slit open up to the armature disk 8 and peeled off.
  • a still necessary cross cut to complete The PE sheath 2a can then be removed become.
  • the strand 1a is easily accessible, since that Cross-section of stranded wires seen from the bottom up is built up in layers.
  • the peeling knife 20 is expedient trained that it the blow when pulling the strand following the stranded wires.
  • the paring knife must for this purpose, however, under pressure to its Axis can be rotated; at least its lower edge must be having part opposite its upper, the support effecting part, be rotatable.
  • the strand 1a can Clamping process can also be stripped by hand.
  • the wedge 11 is then placed on a tube surrounding the strand 1a positioned on the underside of the chair plate 16 is attached.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
  • Tension Adjustment In Filamentary Materials (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

A process for installing and tensioning a cable, esp for suspension bridges, where the cable consists of a bundle of steel strands surrounded by PE, with end wedges held in an anchoring plate, comprises removing the PE mantle from the strands over the anchoring region. The length of mantle (2a,2b) removed takes into account expansion during tensioning.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Einbauen und Spannen eines freigespannten Zugglieds, insbesondere eines Schrägseils für eine Schrägseilbrücke, sowie eine Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for installing and Tensioning a freely tensioned tension member, in particular one Cable-stayed cables for a cable-stayed bridge and one Device for performing the method.

Zugglieder, wie sie im Bauwesen zur Verankerung von Bauteilen, insbesondere als Schrägseile für Schrägseilbrücken verwendet werden, bestehen aus einem Bündel von Einzelelementen, wie Stahldrähten oder -litzen. Die Einzelelemente sind im freien Bereich des Zugglieds gemeinsam in einer rohrförmigen Umhüllung angeordnet; sie werden zur Verankerung längsbeweglich durch die betreffenden Bauteile hindurchgeführt und an deren der Eintrittsstelle gegenüberliegenden Seite verankert. Die Verankerungen bestehen jeweils aus Ankerscheiben mit Bohrungen, durch welche die Einzelelemente hindurchgeführt und gegenüber denen sie z.B. mittels mehrteiliger Ringkeile verankert sind. Die rohrförmige Umhüllung kann im freien Bereich des Zugglieds aus einem Kunststoffrohr, z.B. aus Polyethylen (PE), oder aus einem Stahlrohr bestehen; im Verankerungsbereich besteht sie meist aus einem Ankerrohr aus Stahl. Der Hohlraum zwischen den Einzelelementen und der rohrförmigen Umhüllung kann, wenn die Einzelelemente selbst gegen Korrosion geschützt sind, unverfüllt bleiben oder nach dem Spannen der Einzelelemente mit einer Korrosionsschutzmasse, z.B. Fett, oder mit einem erhärtenden Material, z.B. Zementmörtel, ausgepreßt werden.Tension members, as used in the construction industry to anchor Components, especially as stay cables for Cable-stayed bridges used consist of one Bundle of individual elements, such as steel wires or strands. The individual elements are in the free area of the tension member arranged together in a tubular envelope; she become anchored longitudinally by the person concerned Components passed and at their entry point anchored opposite side. The anchorages consist of anchor plates with holes, through which led the individual elements through and opposite which you e.g. anchored by means of multi-part ring wedges are. The tubular casing can be in the free area of the Tension member made of a plastic tube, e.g. made of polyethylene (PE), or consist of a steel tube; in the Anchoring area usually consists of an anchor tube from steel. The cavity between the individual elements and the tubular wrapping can if the individual elements themselves are protected against corrosion, remain unfilled or after clamping the individual elements with a Corrosion protection compound, e.g. Fat, or with a hardening Material, e.g. Cement mortar to be pressed out.

Vor allem bei Schrägseilen von Schrägseilbrücken besteht ein Problem darin, die schweren Seile in der notwendigen Schräglage zwischen ihren Verankerungen im Fahrbahnträger und in oft großer Höhe im Pylon einzubauen. Es gibt eine Reihe von Verfahren, die Schrägseile auf der Arbeitsebene, also beispielsweise auf der Fahrbahntafel des bereits fertiggestellten Brückenteils zusammenzubauen und mittels entsprechender Hebezeuge in die erforderliche Schräglage zu heben oder auf Gerüsten eine schräge Lehre für die Montage der Schrägseile zu schaffen und die auf dieser Lehre liegenden Einzelelemente in das Hüllrohr einzufädeln. Schließlich ist es auch bekannt, die Einzelelemente frei gespannt zu einem Bündel zusammenzufügen und die rohrförmige Umhüllung erst danach aufzubringen. In jedem Falle müssen die Einzelelemente in die unteren und oberen Verankerungsvorrichtungen eingefädelt werden, bevor sie gespannt werden können.Especially with cable-stayed cables from cable-stayed bridges Problem in having the heavy ropes in the necessary Oblique position between their anchorages in the carriageway girder and often to be installed in the pylon at great heights. There is a Set of procedures that stay cables on the work plane, So for example on the lane of the road already assembled bridge part and assemble appropriate hoists in the required inclined position lift or on scaffolding an inclined jig for assembly to create the stay cables and that on this teaching to thread individual elements into the cladding tube. Finally, it is also known to free the individual elements excited to assemble a bundle and the tubular Only apply wrapping afterwards. In any case the individual elements in the lower and upper Anchoring devices are threaded before they can be excited.

Um das durch das Ausfüllen des Hohlraumes zwischen den Einzelelementen und der rohrförmigen Umhüllung durch ein Korrosionsschutzmaterial auftretende Gewicht zu vermeiden, werden als Einzelelemente für derartige Zugglieder vielfach Litzen aus Stahldrähten verwendet, die zum Korrosionsschutz mit Fett umhüllt und von einem PE-Mantel umgeben sind. Während solche PE-ummantelten Litzen in gleicher Weise als Zugglieder verwendet werden können wie blanke Litzen, ist es erforderlich, diesen PE-Mantel im Bereich der Verankerungen zu entfernen, damit die zur Verankerung verwendeten Keile unmittelbar an den Litzen angreifen können. Aus Gründen des Korrosionsschutzes ist es vor allem bei Zuggliedern, bei denen der Hohlraum im Verankerungsbereich unverfüllt bleibt, wichtig, den PE-Mantel von der Litze so zu entfernen, daß der verbliebene PE-Mantel im Endzustand, also bei der gespannten Litze, möglichst dicht an den jeweiligen Verankerungskeilen endet, und zwar unabhängig von Toleranzen beim Ablängen und von Bauungenauigkeiten.To do this by filling in the cavity between the Individual elements and the tubular casing through one To avoid corrosion protection material occurring weight, are often used as individual elements for such tension members Steel wire strands used for corrosion protection encased in fat and surrounded by a PE jacket. While such PE-coated strands in the same way as Tension members can be used like bare strands, it is required this PE jacket in the area of the anchorages to remove the wedges used for anchoring can directly attack the strands. For the sake of Corrosion protection is particularly important for tension members where the cavity in the anchorage area remains unfilled, important to remove the PE sheath from the strand so that the remaining PE jacket in the final state, i.e. in the tensioned wire, as close as possible to the respective Anchoring wedges end regardless of tolerances when cutting to length and building inaccuracies.

Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Möglichkeit zu schaffen, um dieses Ziel, einen möglichst geringen Abstand des Endes des PE-Mantels zu den Verankerungskeilen im Gebrauchszustand des Zugglieds, mit möglichst geringem Aufwand und möglichst großer Sicherheit zu erreichen und dabei Toleranzen, Meßfehler oder dergleichen von vornherein auszuschließen.Against this background, the object of the invention to create a way to achieve this goal, the smallest possible distance from the end of the PE jacket the anchoring wedges when the tension member is in use, with the least possible effort and as large as possible To achieve security and tolerances, measurement errors or Exclude the like from the outset.

Die Erfindung wird durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Verfahrensmerkmale gelöst; Gegenstand der Erfindung ist auch eine Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens gemäß Anspruch 7.The invention is defined by those in claim 1 Procedural features solved; The invention also relates a device for performing the method according to Claim 7.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous further developments result from the Subclaims.

Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht darin, den PE-Mantel erst im Zuge des Spannvorganges zu entfernen, und zwar zugleich mit dem Spannen der betreffenden Litze über die Länge des beim Spannen am Spannende auftretenden Dehnweges. Hierdurch werden die geometrischen Unsicherheiten eliminiert, die auftreten können, wenn der PE-Mantel bereits vor dem Einbau der Litzen entfernt wird.The basic idea of the invention is the PE jacket to remove only in the course of the tensioning process, namely at the same time as tensioning the strand concerned over the Length of the expansion path that occurs at the end of tensioning. This will cause the geometric uncertainties eliminated, which can occur if the PE jacket is already there is removed before installing the strands.

Erfindungsgemäß wird hierzu am Spannende der Litze, also dort, wo die Spannpresse zum Spannen angesetzt wird und der Dehnweg auftritt, ein Schälwerkzeug angeordnet, das an dem PE-Mantel der Litze angreift. Das Schälwerkzeug kann im einfachsten Fall ein Messer oder dergleichen sein, mit dem während einer Spannpause der PE-Mantel aufgeschlitzt wird; in besonders vorteilhafter Weise besteht das Schälwerkzeug aus einem ortsfest gehaltenen Werkzeug, durch das der Mantel bei der infolge des Spannens auftretenden Längung der Litze abgeschält, zumindest in Längsrichtung aufgeschlitzt wird, so daß er danach durch einen einfachen Querschnitt vollständig von der Litze gelöst und entfernt werden kann.According to the invention, this is at the tensioning end of the strand where the clamping press is used for clamping and the Dehnweg occurs, a peeling tool arranged on the PE sheath that attacks the strand. The peeling tool can simplest case be a knife or the like with which the PE jacket is slit open during a break; the peeling tool is particularly advantageous from a stationary tool through which the jacket in the elongation of the strand that occurs as a result of tensioning peeled off, at least slit lengthways, so that it then has a simple cross section can be completely detached from the strand and removed.

Die Erfindung macht dabei teilweisen Gebrauch von der Lehre der DE 34 37 108 C2, die eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Montage eines gattungsgemäßen Zuggliedes betrifft. Dabei wird zum Einbauen und späteren Spannen der Einzelelemente eines Schrägseils ein Spannstuhl mit einer vor der Ankerscheibe liegenden und mittels einer Stützkonstruktion gegenüber dem Bauteil abgestützten
Zwischenverankerungsplatte verwendet. Diese Platte weist Bohrungen für den Durchtritt und die Zwischenverankerung der Einzelelemente auf, die sich jeweils an der der Ankerscheibe zugewandten Seite der Platte in einem an dieser befestigten Rohrstück fortsetzt, auf das jeweils ein Ringkeil unter federnder Aufweitung aufschiebbar ist.The invention makes partial use of the teaching of DE 34 37 108 C2, which relates to a device and a method for assembling a generic tension member. For the installation and later tensioning of the individual elements of a stay cable, a tensioning chair with one in front of the armature disk and supported against the component by means of a support structure is used
Intermediate anchor plate used. This plate has bores for the passage and intermediate anchoring of the individual elements, each of which continues on the side of the plate facing the armature disk in a piece of pipe fastened thereon, onto which a ring wedge can be pushed with a resilient widening.

Mit einem solchen Spannstuhl gelingt es, die Litzen jeweils durch einen Ringkeil hindurch einziehen oder einschieben zu können, ohne daß befürchtet werden muß, daß die Litzen bzw. deren Beschichtung durch die Zähne der Keile beschädigt oder gar die Keile vorzeitig in die konische Bohrung hineingezogen und damit die Litzen vorzeitig blockiert würden.With such a prestressing chair, the strands are successful pull in or push in through a ring wedge can without fear that the strands or their coating damaged by the teeth of the wedges or even the wedges prematurely in the conical bore pulled in and thus blocked the strands prematurely would.

Erfindungsgemäß kann zum Spannen der Litzen ebenfalls ein derartiger Spannstuhl verwendet werden, demgegenüber die Schälwerkzeuge abgestützt werden. Um zu erreichen, daß der PE-Mantel möglichst bis an den Keil hin entfernt werden kann, muß die Schneide der Schälwerkzeuge soweit als möglich bis an die Oberfläche der Ankerscheibe heranreichen. Um während dieser Manipulationen den späteren Verankerungskeil schon verfügbar zu haben, kann er auf das rohrförmige Schälwerkzeug aufgesetzt werden, das dann, wenn der Abschälvorgang der Litze beendet ist, durch die Bohrung in der Stützplatte des Spannstuhls zurückgezogen wird. Damit wird Platz frei, um den Verankerungskeil von dem Schälwerkzeug herunter auf die Litze schieben zu können.According to the invention can also be used to tension the strands such prestressing chair are used, in contrast the Peeling tools are supported. To achieve that PE jacket should be removed as far as the wedge the cutting edge of the peeling tools must be as wide as possible reach to the surface of the armature plate. Around during this manipulation the later anchoring wedge already available, he can click on the tubular one Peeling tool to be put on when the The strand is peeled off through the hole in the support plate of the prestressing chair is withdrawn. In order to there will be space to remove the anchoring wedge from the To be able to push the peeling tool down onto the strand.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigt

Fig. 1
einen schematischen Längsschnitt der Verankerung A eines Schrägseils an der Spannseite, z.B. am oberen Ende eines Pylons,
Fig. 2
eine entsprechende Darstellung der Verankerung B an der gegenüberliegenden Verankerungsseite, z.B. am Fahrbahnträger,
Fig. 3
eine schematische Darstellung des Spann- und Abschälvorganges mit einem Spannstuhl,
Fig. 4
eine Draufsicht auf die Stuhlplatte entlang der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3,
Fig. 5
eine schematische Darstellung der Verankerung einer abgeschälten Litze durch Ablassen und
Fig. 6
eine schematische schrägbildliche Ansicht eines Schälwerkzeuges.
The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. It shows
Fig. 1
2 shows a schematic longitudinal section of the anchoring A of a stay cable on the tensioning side, for example at the upper end of a pylon,
Fig. 2
a corresponding representation of the anchorage B on the opposite anchorage side, for example on the carriageway girder,
Fig. 3
a schematic representation of the tensioning and peeling process with a tensioning chair,
Fig. 4
a plan view of the chair plate along the line IV-IV in Fig. 3,
Fig. 5
is a schematic representation of the anchorage of a peeled strand by draining and
Fig. 6
is a schematic oblique view of a peeling tool.

Die schematischen Darstellungen der Fig. 1 und 2 zeigen die beiden Endverankerungen eines Schrägseils einer Schrägseilbrücke, nämlich die Verankerung an der - oberen - Spannseite A an der Spitze eines Pylons und die Verankerung an der - unteren Verankerungsseite B am Fahrbahnträger. Dabei wird das Schrägseil durch zwei Litzen 1a und 1b symbolisiert, die in der Praxis Teil eines Bündels aus einer beliebigen Anzahl von Litzen sind. Gemäß der Vorgabe der Erfindung bestehen die Litzen 1a, 1b aus hochfesten Stahldrähten, die galvanisiert, gefettet und jeweils mit einem PE-Mantel 2a, 2b umgeben sind.The schematic representations of FIGS. 1 and 2 show the two end anchorages of a stay cable one Cable-stayed bridge, namely anchoring to the - upper - Clamping side A at the top of a pylon and the anchoring on the - lower anchoring side B on the carriageway girder. The stay cable is separated by two strands 1a and 1b symbolizes that in practice part of a bundle of one any number of strands. According to the specifications of the Invention, the strands 1a, 1b consist of high-strength Steel wires that are galvanized, greased and each with are surrounded by a PE jacket 2a, 2b.

In dem - nicht dargestellten - freien Bereich zwischen den Verankerungen A und B verläuft das Schrägseil in einer rohrförmigen Umhüllung, z.B. in einem Hüllrohr aus Kunststoff. In den Verankerungsbereichen A am oberen Ende und B am unteren Ende verläuft das Schrägseil jeweils mit einem, die rohrförmige Umhüllung im freien Bereich fortsetzenden Ankerrohr 3 in einem in dem Bauwerk 4 durch ein einbetoniertes Rohr 5 gebildeten Spannkanal und ist jeweils gegen eine Widerlagerplatte 6 bzw. 7 abgestützt. Die Abstützung wird an der Spannseite A (Fig. 1) durch eine Ankerscheibe 8 und eine diese umgebende Ringmutter 9 an der Verankerungsseite B (Fig. 2) nur durch eine Ankerscheibe 10 bewirkt. In den Ankerscheiben 8 und 10 sind die Litzen 1a, 1b jeweils mittels Ringkeilen 11 verankert. Im Inneren der Ankerrohre 3 befinden sich noch Dichtungen 12 und Abstandhalter 13.In the - not shown - free area between the Anchorages A and B run the stay cable in one tubular casing, e.g. in a cladding tube Plastic. In the anchoring areas A at the upper end and B at the lower end of the stay cable one, the tubular envelope in the free area continuing anchor tube 3 in one in the building 4 through a concrete pipe 5 formed tension channel and is each supported against an abutment plate 6 or 7. The Support is on the tension side A (Fig. 1) by a Armature disk 8 and a ring nut 9 surrounding it on the Anchorage side B (FIG. 2) only through an anchor plate 10 causes. In the armature disks 8 and 10, the strands 1a, 1b each anchored by means of ring wedges 11. Inside the Armature tubes 3 are still seals 12 and Spacer 13.

Der Einbau-, Spann- und Abschälvorgang der Litzen wird nachstehend anhand der Fig. 1 und 2 näher erläutert, in denen die Litzen 1a und 1b in unterschiedlichen Spannzuständen dargestellt sind. Soll an der Verankerungsseite B (Fig. 2) später nachgespannt werden, dann werden zunächst die Litzen auf dieser Seite so weit abgemantelt, daß nach der Montage vor dem Keil 11 eine freie Litzenlänge 1 verbleibt. Dies ist an der Litze 1a dargestellt. An der Spannseite A (Fig. 1) werden die Litzen so weit abgemantelt, daß eine Spannpresse 14 aufgesetzt werden kann und der PE-Mantel 2a nach dem Einschieben der Litze etwa an der Oberfläche der Ankerscheibe 8 endet. Auch dies ist an der Litze 1a dargestellt. Diese Abmantelungen werden bereits vor der Litzenmontage durchgeführt; die Längen der Abmantelungen sind somit für alle Litzen gleich.The installation, tensioning and peeling process of the strands will 1 and 2 explained in more detail below, in which the strands 1a and 1b in different Clamping states are shown. Should on the Anchoring side B (FIG. 2) can be tightened later, then the strands on this side are first so far stripped that after assembly before the wedge 11 a free Strand length 1 remains. This is at the strand 1a shown. The strands are on the tension side A (Fig. 1) stripped so far that a clamping press 14 is attached can be and the PE jacket 2a after inserting the Strand ends approximately on the surface of the armature disk 8. Also this is shown on the strand 1a. These stripping are carried out before the strand assembly; the The lengths of the stripping are therefore the same for all strands.

Auf der Spannseite A wird sodann ein Spannstuhl 15 montiert. Der Spannstuhl 15 besteht aus einer im Abstand von der Ankerscheibe 8 parallel zu dieser liegenden Stuhlplatte 16, die durch Stützen 17 gegenüber der Widerlagerplatte 6 und so gegenüber dem Bauwerk 4 abgestützt ist. Die Stuhlplatte 16 ist, ähnlich wie die Ankerscheibe 8, mit Bohrungen 18 versehen, in die zusätzliche Ringkeile 19 eingesetzt werden können.A tensioning chair 15 is then mounted on tensioning side A. The tensioning chair 15 consists of a spaced from the Armature plate 8 parallel to this lying chair plate 16, by supports 17 against the abutment plate 6 and so is supported against the building 4. The chair top 16 is, similar to the armature disk 8, with holes 18 provided, in the additional ring wedges 19 are used can.

Nach diesen Vorarbeiten werden die Litzen einzeln eingebaut. Dies kann nach einem der bekannten Montageverfahren erfolgen, z.B. durch Einschießen oder durch Einziehen.After this preparatory work, the strands are installed individually. This can be done using one of the known assembly methods take place, e.g. by shooting in or pulling in.

Wie anhand der Litze 1a dargestellt, wird zunächst auf der Verankerungsseite B (Fig. 2) der Keil 11 gesetzt, und zwar so, daß vor dem Keil eine freie Litzenlänge 1 verbleibt. Sodann werden am anderen Ende die Vorbereitungen für das Abschälen des PE-Mantels getroffen. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird auf der Spannseite A (Fig. 1) im Bereich des Spannstuhles 15 auf den abgemantelten Bereich der Litze 1a ein rohrförmiges Schälmesser 20 aufgesetzt und der für die spätere Verankerung der Litze vorgesehene Ringkeil 11 unter Aufweitung auf das rohrförmige Schälmesser 20 aufgeschoben. Dies ist in Fig. 3 in größerem Maßstab dargestellt. Ein derartiges Schälmesser 20 zeigt Fig. 6 in Schrägansicht. Es besteht aus einem Rohrteil 21 mit mindestens einer Schneide 22 am unteren und seitlichen Ansätzen 23 am oberen Ende, mit deren Hilfe es bajonettverschlußartig gegenüber der Stuhlplatte 16 abgestützt werden kann.As shown with the strand 1a, is first on the Anchorage side B (Fig. 2) of the wedge 11 set, namely so that a free strand length 1 remains in front of the wedge. Then at the other end the preparations for the Peeled off the PE jacket. In the illustrated Embodiment is on the clamping side A (Fig. 1) in Area of the tensioning chair 15 on the stripped area the strand 1a a tubular peeling knife 20 and the one intended for later anchoring of the strand Ring wedge 11 widening to the tubular paring knife 20 postponed. This is on a larger scale in Fig. 3 shown. Such a peeling knife 20 is shown in FIG. 6 in Oblique view. It consists of a tube part 21 with at least one cutting edge 22 on the lower and side Approaches 23 at the top, with the help of it bayonet-like in relation to the chair plate 16 can be supported.

Schließlich wird auf den Spannstuhl 15 die Spannpresse 14 zum Spannen der Litze 1a aufgesetzt. Um bei längeren Spannwegen, die mehrere Spannhübe erforderlich machen, die Litze mittels Keilen 19 gegenüber der Stuhlplatte 16 zwischenverankern zu können, wird die Spannpresse 14 zweckmäßig auf dem Spannstuhl 15 mit Hilfe eines kleinen zweiten Spannstuhles 24 abgestützt. Dieser bietet die Möglichkeit, den temporären Keil 19 für ein späteres Ablassen der Litze 1a zurückhalten zu können.Finally, the tensioning press 14 is placed on the tensioning chair 15 attached for tensioning the strand 1a. In order for longer Clamping paths that require several clamping strokes Strand by means of wedges 19 opposite the chair plate 16 to be able to anchor between them, the clamping press 14 Appropriately on the tensioning chair 15 with the help of a small one second tensioning chair 24 supported. This offers the Possibility of temporary wedge 19 for a later To be able to hold back the strand 1a.

Während des Spannvorganges wird die Litze 1a mit dem PE-Mantel 2a durch das sie umgebende Schälmesser 20 und durch die Bohrung 25 in der Ankerscheibe 8 hindurchgezogen. Durch die am offenen Ende des PE-Mantels 2a angreifende Schneide 22 des Schälmessers 20 wird dabei der PE-Mantel 2a bis an die Ankerscheibe 8 hin aufgeschlitzt und abgeschält. Ein noch erforderlicher Quertrennschnitt zum völligen Entfernen des PE-Mantels 2a kann anschließend durchgeführt werden. Die Litze 1a ist dabei gut zugänglich, da das Litzenbündel im Querschnitt gesehen von unten nach oben lagenweise aufgebaut wird.During the tensioning process, the strand 1a is connected to the PE jacket 2a through the surrounding peeling knife 20 and pulled through the bore 25 in the armature plate 8. By attacking at the open end of the PE jacket 2a Cutting edge 22 of the peeling knife 20 becomes the PE jacket 2a slit open up to the armature disk 8 and peeled off. A still necessary cross cut to complete The PE sheath 2a can then be removed become. The strand 1a is easily accessible, since that Cross-section of stranded wires seen from the bottom up is built up in layers.

Um den PE-Mantel einer Litze möglichst zuverlässig aufzuschlitzen, ist das Schälmesser 20 zweckmäßig so ausgebildet, daß es beim Durchziehen der Litze dem Schlag der Litzendrähte folgend gedreht wird. Das Schälmesser muß zu diesem Zweck allerdings unter Druckbelastung um seine Achse drehbar sein; zumindest muß sein unterer, die Schneide aufweisender Teil gegenüber seinem oberen, die Abstützung bewirkenden Teil, drehbar sein.Around the PE sheath of a strand as reliably as possible slitting, the peeling knife 20 is expedient trained that it the blow when pulling the strand following the stranded wires. The paring knife must for this purpose, however, under pressure to its Axis can be rotated; at least its lower edge must be having part opposite its upper, the support effecting part, be rotatable.

Anstelle mit einem Schälmesser 20 kann die Litze 1a beim Spannvorgang auch von Hand abgemantelt werden. Der Keil 11 wird dann auf einem die Litze 1a umgebenden Röhrchen positioniert, das an der Unterseite der Stuhlplatte 16 befestigt ist.Instead of with a peeling knife 20, the strand 1a can Clamping process can also be stripped by hand. The wedge 11 is then placed on a tube surrounding the strand 1a positioned on the underside of the chair plate 16 is attached.

Nach Erreichen der erforderlichen Spannkraft wird der permanente Keil 11 auf der Spannseite A auf der Litze bis zum Ende des PE-Mantels geschoben. Diese Situation zeigt Fig. 5. Um den Keil 11 überhaupt von dem Schälmesser 20 herunter auf die Litze 1a schieben zu können, muß zuvor das Schälmesser 20 von seiner Abstützung gegenüber der Stuhlplatte 16 gelöst und durch die Bohrung 18 zurückgezogen werden. Der temporäre Keil 19 wird in diesem Zustand zurückgehalten und der Druck in der Spannpresse 14 abgelassen, bis der permanente Keil 11 in der Ankerscheibe 8 verankert ist; diesen Zustand zeigt die Litze 1b in Fig. 1. After reaching the required tension, the permanent wedge 11 on tension side A on the strand up pushed to the end of the PE jacket. This situation shows Fig. 5. Around the wedge 11 from the peeling knife 20th To be able to push it down on the strand 1a, this must first Paring knife 20 from its support against the Chair plate 16 released and withdrawn through the bore 18 become. The temporary wedge 19 is in this state retained and the pressure in the clamping press 14 drained until the permanent wedge 11 in the armature disk 8 is anchored; the strand 1b shows this state in FIG. 1.

Durch Ablassen des Druckes in der Spannpresse 14 tritt ein Spannkraftverlust in der Litze ein. Zum Ausgleich dieses Spannkraftverlustes wird auf der Verankerungsseite B im Bereich der abgemantelten Länge 1 nachgespannt; dieser Zustand ist an der Litze 1a in Fig. 2 gezeigt. Aufgrund des zu erwartenden geringen Dehnweges kann dort eine Spannpresse 26 mit kurzer Baulänge verwendet werden. Der Spannweg sollte möglichst genau vorherbestimmt werden, um im Endzustand den Keil 11 möglichst dicht am Ende des PE-Mantels 2b zu haben. Die abgemantelte Länge 1 kann auch gezielt vorbestimmt werden, um für später etwa erforderliche Korrekturen eine Dehnmöglichkeit zu haben. Die endgültige Situation ist an der Litze 1b dargestellt, die sowohl an der Spannseite A (Fig. 1), als auch an der Verankerungsseite B (Fig. 2) den Endzustand einer Litze zeigt.By releasing the pressure in the clamping press 14 occurs Loss of tension in the strand. To compensate for this Tension loss is on the anchorage side B in Retightened area of stripped length 1; this State is shown on the strand 1a in Fig. 2. Because of the A stretching press can be used to achieve the expected short expansion path 26 can be used with a short overall length. The span should be be determined as precisely as possible in order to achieve the To have wedge 11 as close as possible to the end of the PE jacket 2b. The stripped length 1 can also be predetermined in order to make any necessary corrections later To have a stretch. The final situation is on the strand 1b shown, both on the tension side A (Fig. 1), as well as on the anchoring side B (Fig. 2) Final state of a strand shows.

Anstelle eines Nachspannens der Litze auf der Verankerungsseite B ist es auch möglich, die Litze auf der Spannseite A über die statisch erforderliche Spannkraft hinaus zu überspannen, um den PE-Mantel um mindestens die Länge des Keils abmanteln zu können. Danach wird die Spannkraft wieder abgelassen, um bei der rechnerischen Spannkraft den Keil zu setzen.Instead of retensioning the strand on the Anchoring side B, it is also possible to lay the strand on the Clamping side A above the statically required clamping force to span the PE jacket by at least that To be able to strip the length of the wedge. After that the Tension released again to the arithmetic Resilience to put the wedge.

Claims (15)

Verfahren zum Einbauen und Spannen eines freigespannten Zugglieds, insbesondere eines Schrägseils für eine Schrägseilbrücke, aus einem Bündel von PE-ummantelten Litzen aus Stahldrähten, die an den Enden jeweils mittels Keilen in einer gegenüber dem Bauwerk abgestützten Ankerscheibe verankert werden, wobei der PE-Mantel der Litzen im Bereich der Verankerung entfernt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der PE-Mantel (2a, 2b) jeder einzelnen Litze (1a, 1b) auf die Lange des beim Spannen am Spannende (A) auftretenden Dehnweges im Zuge des Spannvorganges entfernt wird.Procedure for installing and tensioning a freely clamped Tension member, in particular a stay cable for a Cable-stayed bridge, made from a bundle of PE-coated strands made of steel wires, which are wedged in at the ends by means of wedges an armature disk supported against the structure be anchored, with the PE sheath of the strands in the area the anchorage is removed, characterized in that the PE sheath (2a, 2b) of each individual strand (1a, 1b) the length of that which occurs at tensioning end (A) Dehnweges is removed in the course of the tensioning process. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der PE-Mantel (2a, 2b) durch die beim Spannen der Litze (1a, 1b) am Spannende (A) auftretende Längsverschiebung entlang eines zumindest während des Spannvorganges ortsfest angeordneten Schälwerkzeugs (20) abgeschält wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the PE sheath (2a, 2b) through which when the strand (1a, 1b) along the longitudinal end occurring at the clamping end (A) one stationary at least during the tensioning process arranged peeling tool (20) is peeled off. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Litze (1a, 1b) zunächst an einem ersten Ende (B) verankert, sodann am gegenüberliegenden zweiten Ende (A) gespannt wird, wobei der PE-Mantel (2a, 2b) bis zur Oberfläche der Ankerscheibe (8) entfernt wird, und dann unter Ablassen der Spannkraft auch an diesem Ende verankert wird.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that each strand (1a, 1b) initially on one anchored at the first end (B), then at the opposite end second end (A) is tensioned, the PE jacket (2a, 2b) is removed to the surface of the armature plate (8), and then releasing the tension also at this end is anchored. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Litze (1a, 1b) um den bei der Verankerung am zweiten Ende (A) auftretenden Ablaßweg am ersten Ende (B) nachgespannt wird.A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the strand (1a, 1b) around the one anchored to the second End (A) occurring drainage path at the first end (B) is tightened. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der PE-Mantel der Litze am ersten Ende (B) bereits vor deren Einbau über eine solche Länge (1) entfernt wird, daß an diesem Ende ein späteres Nachspannen über die entsprechende Länge möglich ist.A method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized characterized in that the PE sheath of the strand at the first end (B) before they are installed over such a length (1) it is removed that a later retension at this end over the corresponding length is possible. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Litze (1a, 1b) um den bei der Verankerung am zweiten Ende (A) auftretenden Ablaßweg am ersten Ende (B) überspannt wird.A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the strand (1a, 1b) around the one anchored to the second End (A) occurring drain path spanned at the first end (B) becomes. Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schälwerkzeug (20) eine an einem Ende mit mindestens einer Schneide (21) versehene, die jeweilige Litze über zumindest einen wesentlichen Teil ihres Umfangs umgebende Hülse ist, die zwischen der Ankerscheibe (8) und der Spannpresse (14) ortsfest positionierbar ist und durch die die Litze (1a, 1b) beim Spannvorgang hindurchgezogen wird.Device for performing the method according to the Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the Peeling tool (20) at one end with at least one Cutting (21) provided, the respective strand over at least is a sleeve surrounding a substantial part of its circumference, between the armature plate (8) and the clamping press (14) can be positioned in a fixed position and through which the stranded wire (1a, 1b) is pulled through during the tensioning process. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schälwerkzeug (20) ein die Litze (1a, 1b) vollständig umgebendes Rohr (21) ist.Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the peeling tool (20) and the strand (1a, 1b) completely surrounding tube (21). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schälwerkzeug (20) an dem der Litze zugewandten Ende eine Schneide (22) aufweist.Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized characterized in that the peeling tool (20) on that of the strand facing end has a cutting edge (22). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest der am PE-Mantel der Litze angreifende Teil des Schälwerkzeugs gegenüber dem übrigen Teil drehbar ausgebildet ist.Device according to claim 8, characterized in that at least the part attacking the PE sheath of the strand of the peeling tool rotatable relative to the rest of the part is trained. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10 mit einem gegenüber dem Bauwerk (4) abgestützten Spannstuhl (15) mit einer im Abstand von der Ankerscheibe (8) angeordneten Stuhlplatte (16) zur Abstützung der Spannpresse (14) beim Spannvorgang, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schälwerkzeug (20) zwischen der Ankerplatte (8) und der Stuhlplatte (16) angeordnet und gegenüber der Stuhlplatte (16) abgestützt ist.Device according to one of claims 7 to 10 with a tensioning chair (15) supported in relation to the structure (4) with a spaced from the armature plate (8) Chair plate (16) for supporting the clamping press (14) at Clamping process, characterized in that the peeling tool (20) between the anchor plate (8) and the chair plate (16) arranged and supported against the chair plate (16) is. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Länge des Schälwerkzeugs (20) auf die Höhe des Spannstuhls (15) derart abgestimmt ist, daß die Schneide (21) des Schälwerkzeugs (20) etwa in Höhe der Oberfläche der Ankerplatte (8) liegt.Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the length of the peeling tool (20) to the level of Tensioning chair (15) is matched such that the cutting edge (21) of the peeling tool (20) approximately at the level of the surface Anchor plate (8) lies. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stuhlplatte (16) mit Bohrungen (18) als Keilsitz versehen zur Zwischenverankerung der Litzen (1a, 1b) ausgebildet ist.Apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, characterized characterized in that the chair plate (16) with bores (18) provided as a wedge seat for intermediate anchoring of the strands (1a, 1b) is formed. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schälwerkzeug (20) durch die Bohrungen (18) in der Stuhlplatte (16) einsetzbar und rückziehbar ist.Device according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized characterized in that the peeling tool (20) by the Bores (18) can be used in the chair plate (16) and is retractable. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schälwerkzeug (20) nach Art eines Bajonettverschlusses mit der Stuhlplatte (16) verbindbar bzw. von dieser lösbar ist.Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the peeling tool (20) in the manner of a Bayonet lock can be connected to the chair plate (16) or is detachable from this.
EP98111670A 1997-08-05 1998-06-25 Method for installing and tensioning a free tendon, and device for carrying out the method Expired - Lifetime EP0896108B1 (en)

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EP1129264B1 (en) * 1999-09-15 2006-03-01 Freyssinet Cable with parallel wires for building works structure, anchoring for said cable, and anchoring method
CN100419185C (en) * 2005-07-27 2008-09-17 同济大学 Biezoelectrical intelligent anchorage equipment
CN101793002A (en) * 2010-03-29 2010-08-04 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Overall composite towing beam arching structure for railway steel truss girder cable-stayed bridge
CN101864725A (en) * 2010-07-16 2010-10-20 四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院 FRP (Fiber Reinforce Plastic) tendon and steel strand connector and compound stay cable
CN101949218A (en) * 2010-10-08 2011-01-19 天津滨海盈信投资有限公司 Stranded steel wire bundling method
CN102003072A (en) * 2010-10-08 2011-04-06 天津滨海盈信投资有限公司 Steel strand bundle-weaving and crossing construction method
CN102003072B (en) * 2010-10-08 2012-07-04 天津滨海盈信投资有限公司 Steel strand bundle-weaving and crossing construction method
WO2012140463A1 (en) 2011-04-15 2012-10-18 Soletanche Freyssinet Anchoring device for a multi-tendon cable
WO2012140462A1 (en) 2011-04-15 2012-10-18 Soletanche Freyssinet Method of protecting the end of a multi-tendon cable
US8925266B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2015-01-06 Soletanche Freyssinet Anchoring device for a multi-tendon cable
US9446541B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2016-09-20 Soletanche Freyssinet Method of protecting the end of a multi-tendon cable
CN103866691A (en) * 2014-03-27 2014-06-18 中交一公局第一工程有限公司 Anchor group device of large-sized cable hoisting system track cables
CN103866691B (en) * 2014-03-27 2015-09-09 中交一公局第一工程有限公司 A kind of Large scale cable crane track cable group anchor device
CN106284074A (en) * 2016-08-30 2017-01-04 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司 A kind of multiaspect pressure-bearing resistance to plucking combination power transmission main push-towing rope anchor structure and construction method thereof
CN106284074B (en) * 2016-08-30 2018-03-16 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司 A kind of multiaspect pressure-bearing resistance to plucking combination power transmission main push-towing rope anchor structure and its construction method
CN109137763A (en) * 2018-10-29 2019-01-04 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 Drag-line cutter device and drag-line Demolition Construction method
CN109137763B (en) * 2018-10-29 2023-12-01 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 Cable cutting device and cable dismantling construction method

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DE59811220D1 (en) 2004-05-27
HK1016671A1 (en) 1999-11-05
JPH11117229A (en) 1999-04-27
US6055691A (en) 2000-05-02
EP0896108B1 (en) 2004-04-21
DE19733822A1 (en) 1999-02-11
EP0896108A3 (en) 2000-09-27
ES2217458T3 (en) 2004-11-01
ATE264962T1 (en) 2004-05-15
JP3890148B2 (en) 2007-03-07

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