EP0895303A1 - Directional antenna system with crossed polarisation - Google Patents

Directional antenna system with crossed polarisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0895303A1
EP0895303A1 EP98401746A EP98401746A EP0895303A1 EP 0895303 A1 EP0895303 A1 EP 0895303A1 EP 98401746 A EP98401746 A EP 98401746A EP 98401746 A EP98401746 A EP 98401746A EP 0895303 A1 EP0895303 A1 EP 0895303A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
conductive elements
conductive
cell
dipoles
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Granted
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EP98401746A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0895303B1 (en
Inventor
Franck Colombel
Eric Deblonde
Patrick Le Cam
Fabien Peleau
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel SA
Alcatel Alsthom Compagnie Generale dElectricite
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/108—Combination of a dipole with a plane reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/44—Resonant antennas with a plurality of divergent straight elements, e.g. V-dipole, X-antenna; with a plurality of elements having mutually inclined substantially straight portions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna system directional with cross polarization, intended in particular to cell phone.
  • EP-A-0 730 319 describes a system directional antennas, comprising a planar reflector and an array of antennas carried by this reflector.
  • Each of antennas is a dipole defined by two conductive elements straight, which are mounted on two supports for their fixing to the reflector and are connected to the + and - terminals of a source feed.
  • the network antennas are aligned according to one of the axes of the reflector. They are simple polarization in the network.
  • US-A-5,030,962 describes a structure directional antennas with cross polarization, comprising a substrate of high electrical resistivity, in particularly in silicone, a network of antennas formed on the substrate and a dielectric lens associated with the assembly.
  • Each antenna has two dipoles and four diodes interconnecting the dipoles two by two. The diodes are mounted in a loop thus connecting the four branches of two dipoles, two opposite diodes on the loop being of opposite polarity to that of the other two.
  • the passive elements defined by dipoles and active elements such as diodes and any other components associated with the dipoles are made by photoengraving techniques multilayer on the substrate.
  • the branches of the dipoles each have the shape of a straight and narrow conductive strip, or variant of a triangular conductive plate and are two two opposite, the respective axes of the two dipoles being orthogonal.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide compactly a directional antenna system with cross polarization, suitable for mobile telephony.
  • Its object is an antenna system cross-polarized directional, comprising a substantially planar and rectangular reflector and at least a radiating cell carried by said reflector, each cell with at least two first elements conductors mounted head to tail and powered by a first external source of energy by forming a first dipole, characterized in that each radiating cell has two second conductive elements mounted identically to first and powered by a second external source of energy by forming a second dipole, and in that said conductive elements are elements folded in V-shaped and mounted orthogonally the second by compared to the former.
  • the radiant cell according to the invention has two antennas directional 1 and 2, cross-polarized.
  • Each of these two antennas constitutes a dipole formed by a couple of V-shaped conductive elements 1A and 1B or 2A and 2B depending on the dipole.
  • the two conductive elements of the same dipole are head to tail.
  • the two conductive elements of one of two dipoles are orthogonal to those of the other.
  • the conductive elements of dipole 1 are connected to a cable coaxial 3, for their supply from a primary source outdoor energy.
  • the conductive elements of dipole 2 are also connected to another coaxial cable 4, for their supply from a second external source of energy, which is independent of the former.
  • the polarities of the dipoles are noted + and - respectively in look at the two conductive elements of each of them.
  • each conductive element of dipoles has the advantage of minimizing the distant effect of these orthogonal components which tend to cancel each other out at of them.
  • the distant effect orthogonal components remains important. Indeed in such a dipole, the current lines flare at proximity of the edges of each full V to follow these edges and make the orthogonal components no longer in phase opposition.
  • V-shaped conductive elements of the two dipoles are preferably V-folded plates. This realization using plates and not conductors wire type electrics increase bandwidth dipoles.
  • the opening of the V of each of the conductive elements is preferably between 20 ° and 80 °. She is advantageously from 40 to 50 ° approximately, to allow a antenna impedance optimization.
  • the orientation of the Vés by relative to the horizontal or the vertical is chosen so that neither of polarizations 5 and 6 have this horizontal direction, in order to optimize the transmission characteristics of the two dipoles.
  • this orientation of the Vés is such that the directions of polarizations 4 and 5 are at + 45 ° and - 45 ° respectively with respect to the vertical.
  • V-conductors each have the two branches of each Vé but also a 9A or 9B leg transverse to the Vee and leaving from the base of it.
  • the two branches of the V and the leg forms the same piece, the tab itself being folded at the same time as the branches.
  • each dipole is approximately equal to half of the wavelength of the radiated energy.
  • the paws such as 9A, or 9B are in length substantially equal to a quarter of the wavelength and play the role of current balancers giving the polarities + and - to the two elements of the same powered dipole. So the electrical power supplied by the connected energy source at one of the dipoles is transformed into radiofrequency waves radiated by the dipole according to a broadband diagram desired.
  • the system antenna shown includes an array of dual antennas polarization, which are identical to each other and to the cell in Figure 1 and are all designated under the same global reference 10, this global reference being shown in correspondence in Figures 1 and 2.
  • This array of antennas or radiating cells 10 is carried by a rectangular planar reflector 11. It is arranged according to the longitudinal axis of the reflector. It has four cells in the example shown. Each cell is powered by its two cables 3 and 4 connected to the two dipoles of the cell.
  • the reflector has a width close to one wavelength of the energy radiated by the antennas.
  • cables 3 of these different cells are connected to a cable main 13 through an energy divider 15 and similarly cables 4 are connected to another cable main 14 through a second energy divider 16.
  • These two main cables 13 and 14 are also connected with two coaxial connectors 17 and 18, carried by one of the ends of the reflector and provided for both sources of energy assigned to the dipoles of the different cells 10.
  • each of the cells 10 is fixed to the reflector using a conductive part 19, provided in end of the legs such as 9A and 9B of the two dipoles and it even attached to the reflector.
  • This part 19 is circular in shape and relatively flat. It has four bores in one of its faces, in which are embedded and welded the ends of the four legs such as 9A and 9B and is secured by screw to the reflector.
  • V-shaped conductive elements with their tabs individual and the fixing part 19 are made of brass.
  • the cross-polarized antenna system is also provided with at least one metal partition wall such that 21, between the cells or groups of cells of the network.
  • the single wall 21 used in the antenna system according to the Figures 3 and 4 is provided along the transverse axis of the reflector 11. It is fixed to the reflector, being protruding on this one. It avoids direct coupling between the radiating elements located on either side of it.
  • this antenna system is additionally equipped with an overhead coupling compensator indirect between the dipoles, this resulting indirect coupling for a large part of the coupling between the fields from stray reflections on the reflector and more particularly on its longitudinal edges provided generally folded and marked 11A and 11B.
  • the coupling compensator includes two profiles or angles 23A, 23B. These angles are mounted on the rectangular flat reflector parallel to the edges longitudinal, and arranged symmetrically on both sides and on the other of the longitudinal axis along which the four cells are aligned.
  • the two angles provide surfaces additional reflective to the edges, so that the recombination of the reflected electric fields by the edges and by the angles leads to a reduction sensitive of the coupling between the two polarizations of the antenna system.
  • the system antennas have a bandwidth from 872 MHz to 960 MHz centered around 915 MHz.
  • electromagnetic power is sent by an energy source on dipoles 1A - 1B of four identical cells 10 whose polarization forms a angle of + 45 degrees with the longitudinal edge 11A.
  • the dipoles 2A - 2B of cells 10 whose polarization forms an angle of -45 degrees with the longitudinal edge 11B detect a power due to coupling, which in the presence of two angles described in the two previous examples, is of the order of a thousandth of the power sent by the source, while in the absence of the angles, it is the order of a hundredth.
  • the two angles thus allow divide by ten the coupling between the two polarizations antenna system crosses from 20 decibel (dB) at 30 dB.
  • the compensator can understand on each side of the four cells several angles such as those mentioned above or a profile to several edges such as those of the aforementioned angles.

Abstract

The cross polarization directional antenna system has centrally placed and source fed V-shaped dipoles (1). Four dipole sets are mounted radially outwards, each orthogonal to the next. A radiating pair is formed from opposite dipole elements (1A,1B). Each element is flexible.

Description

La présente invention porte sur un système d'antennes directionnelles à polarisation croisée, destinées notamment à la téléphonie cellulaire.The present invention relates to an antenna system directional with cross polarization, intended in particular to cell phone.

Le document EP-A-0 730 319 décrit un système d'antennes directionnelles, comportant un réflecteur plan et un réseau d'antennes portées par ce réflecteur. Chacune des antennes est un dipôle défini par deux éléments conducteurs droits, qui sont montés sur deux supports pour leur fixation au réflecteur et sont reliés aux bornes + et - d'une source d'alimentation. Les antennes du réseau sont alignées selon l'un des axes du réflecteur. Elles sont à simple polarisation dans le réseau.EP-A-0 730 319 describes a system directional antennas, comprising a planar reflector and an array of antennas carried by this reflector. Each of antennas is a dipole defined by two conductive elements straight, which are mounted on two supports for their fixing to the reflector and are connected to the + and - terminals of a source feed. The network antennas are aligned according to one of the axes of the reflector. They are simple polarization in the network.

Le document US-A-5 030 962 décrit une structure d'antennes directionnelles à polarisation croisée, comportant un substrat de haute résistivité électrique, en particulier en silicone, un réseau d'antennes formées sur le substrat et une lentille diélectrique associée à l'ensemble. Chaque antenne comporte deux dipôles et quatre diodes interconnectant les dipôles deux à deux. Les diodes sont montées en boucle en reliant ainsi les quatre branches des deux dipôles, deux diodes opposées sur la boucle étant de polarité opposée à celle des deux autres.US-A-5,030,962 describes a structure directional antennas with cross polarization, comprising a substrate of high electrical resistivity, in particularly in silicone, a network of antennas formed on the substrate and a dielectric lens associated with the assembly. Each antenna has two dipoles and four diodes interconnecting the dipoles two by two. The diodes are mounted in a loop thus connecting the four branches of two dipoles, two opposite diodes on the loop being of opposite polarity to that of the other two.

Dans cette structure d'antennes, les éléments passifs définis par les dipôles et les éléments actifs tels que les diodes et d'éventuels autres composants associés aux dipôles sont réalisés par des techniques de photogravure multicouches sur le substrat.In this antenna structure, the passive elements defined by dipoles and active elements such as diodes and any other components associated with the dipoles are made by photoengraving techniques multilayer on the substrate.

En particulier, les branches des dipôles ont chacune la forme d'une bande conductrice droite et étroite, ou en variante d'une plaque conductrice triangulaire et sont deux à deux opposées, les axes respectifs des deux dipôles étant orthogonaux.In particular, the branches of the dipoles each have the shape of a straight and narrow conductive strip, or variant of a triangular conductive plate and are two two opposite, the respective axes of the two dipoles being orthogonal.

Ces antennes connues à double polarisation sont prévues pour des applications radar et fonctionnent à des fréquences très élevées, de l'ordre de 100 GHz. Elles ne conviennent pas pour des applications en téléphonie mobile, pour lesquelles les antennes doivent être particulièrement robustes mécaniquement et sont du type transmission large bande passante autour d'une fréquence préétablie, inférieure aux fréquences de la structure connue précitée, par exemple autour de 915 MHz pour les transmissions GSM, ou de 1780 MHz pour les transmissions DCS ou de 1920 MHz pour les transmissions PCS.These known dual polarization antennas are intended for radar applications and operate at very high frequencies, around 100 GHz. They don't not suitable for mobile phone applications, for which the antennas must be particularly mechanically robust and wide transmission type bandwidth around a preset, lower frequency at frequencies of the aforementioned known structure, for example around 915 MHz for GSM transmissions, or 1780 MHz for DCS or 1920 MHz transmissions for PCS transmissions.

La présente invention a pour but de réaliser de manière compacte un système d'antennes directionnelles à polarisation croisée, adaptée à la téléphonie mobile.The object of the present invention is to provide compactly a directional antenna system with cross polarization, suitable for mobile telephony.

Elle a pour objet un système d'antennes directionnelles à polarisation croisée, comportant un réflecteur sensiblement plan et rectangulaire et au moins une cellule rayonnante portée par ledit réflecteur, chaque cellule comportant au moins deux premiers éléments conducteurs montés tête-bêche et alimentés par une première source extérieure d'énergie en formant un premier dipôle, caractérisé en ce que chaque cellule rayonnante comporte deux deuxièmes éléments conducteurs montés identiquement aux premiers et alimentés par une deuxième source extérieure d'énergie en formant un deuxième dipôle, et en ce que lesdits éléments conducteurs sont des éléments pliés en forme de Vé et montés orthogonalement les deuxièmes par rapport aux premiers.Its object is an antenna system cross-polarized directional, comprising a substantially planar and rectangular reflector and at least a radiating cell carried by said reflector, each cell with at least two first elements conductors mounted head to tail and powered by a first external source of energy by forming a first dipole, characterized in that each radiating cell has two second conductive elements mounted identically to first and powered by a second external source of energy by forming a second dipole, and in that said conductive elements are elements folded in V-shaped and mounted orthogonally the second by compared to the former.

De préférence, ce système d'antennes présente aussi au moins l'une des caractéristiques additionnelles suivantes :

  • chaque élément conducteur est constitué par une plaque pliée en Vé ;
  • les éléments conducteurs en Vé ont chacun une ouverture comprise entre 20 et 80°, de préférence entre 40 et 50° environ ;
  • les éléments conducteurs en Vé présentent une orientation selon un angle différent de zéro par rapport à l'horizontale, pour présenter une direction de polarisation décalée angulairement par rapport à l'horizontale ;
  • la direction de polarisation est de + 45° et - 45° environ, pour les éléments conducteurs de l'un et l'autre des dipôles respectivement ;
  • chaque élément conducteur présente une patte conductrice, d'une part solidaire de la base du Vé et saillante d'un côté du Vé sur une longueur sensiblement égale au quart de la longueur d'onde rayonnée par le dipôle correspondant et d'autre part fixée sur ledit réflecteur ; avantageusement, il est prévu une pièce conductrice de fixation des pattes des éléments conducteurs d'une même cellule sur le réflecteur, lesdites pattes ayant leurs extrémités encastrées dans ladite pièce de fixation et soudées sur celle-ci ; en outre, il peut être prévu une pièce de solidarisation, en matériau de résistivité électrique élevée, solidarisant entre eux lesdits éléments conducteurs d'une même cellule ;
  • un réseau de cellules est monté selon l'axe longitudinal du réflecteur ;
  • deux câbles principaux sont d'une part reliés respectivement à deux connecteurs coaxiaux prévus sur l'une des extrémités du réflecteur et affectés auxdites première et deuxième sources, et d'autre part reliés respectivement à deux diviseurs d'énergie eux mêmes reliés respectivement à des premiers et des deuxièmes câbles affectés à l'alimentation des deux dipôles de différentes cellules ;
  • le réflecteur porte des profilés montés parallèles à l'axe longitudinal et disposés symétriquement de part et d'autre du réseau de cellules pour former un compensateur de couplage.
Preferably, this antenna system also has at least one of the following additional characteristics:
  • each conductive element consists of a folded V-shaped plate;
  • the V-shaped conductive elements each have an opening of between 20 and 80 °, preferably between 40 and 50 ° approximately;
  • the V-shaped conductive elements have an orientation at an angle other than zero relative to the horizontal, so as to have a polarization direction offset angularly with respect to the horizontal;
  • the direction of polarization is approximately + 45 ° and - 45 °, for the conductive elements of one and the other of the dipoles respectively;
  • each conductive element has a conductive tab, on the one hand integral with the base of the Vee and projecting from one side of the Vee over a length substantially equal to a quarter of the wavelength radiated by the corresponding dipole and on the other hand fixed on said reflector; advantageously, there is provided a conductive piece for fixing the tabs of the conductive elements of the same cell on the reflector, said tabs having their ends embedded in said fixing piece and welded thereto; in addition, a connection piece may be provided, made of a material of high electrical resistivity, joining together said conductive elements of the same cell;
  • a network of cells is mounted along the longitudinal axis of the reflector;
  • two main cables are on the one hand connected respectively to two coaxial connectors provided on one end of the reflector and assigned to said first and second sources, and on the other hand respectively connected to two energy dividers themselves connected respectively to first and second cables assigned to supply the two dipoles of different cells;
  • the reflector carries profiles mounted parallel to the longitudinal axis and arranged symmetrically on either side of the array of cells to form a coupling compensator.

Les caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description faite ci-après d'un exemple préféré de réalisation illustré dans les dessins ci-annexés. Dans ces dessins :

  • la figure 1 est une vue de face d'une cellule d'antennes directionnelles à double polarisation, selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une de côté de la cellule selon la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 est une vue de face d'un système à réseau d'antennes selon l'invention,
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne IV-IV de la figure 3,
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe simplifiée du réseau d'antennes de la figure 3 montrant deux cornières selon un premier mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe simplifiée du réseau d'antennes de la figure 3 montrant deux cornières selon un deuxième mode de réalisation.
The characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description given below of a preferred embodiment illustrated in the attached drawings. In these drawings:
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a directional antenna cell with double polarization, according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of the cell according to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of an antenna array system according to the invention,
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 is a simplified sectional view of the array of antennas in FIG. 3 showing two angles according to a first embodiment,
  • Figure 6 is a simplified sectional view of the antenna array of Figure 3 showing two angles according to a second embodiment.

En se référant à la figure 1 et/ou la figure 2, la cellule rayonnante selon l'invention comporte deux antennes directionnelles 1 et 2, à polarisation croisée.Referring to Figure 1 and / or Figure 2, the radiant cell according to the invention has two antennas directional 1 and 2, cross-polarized.

Chacune de ces deux antennes constitue un dipôle formé par un couple d'éléments conducteurs en forme de Vé 1A et 1B ou 2A et 2B selon le dipôle.Each of these two antennas constitutes a dipole formed by a couple of V-shaped conductive elements 1A and 1B or 2A and 2B depending on the dipole.

Les deux éléments conducteurs d'un même dipôle sont montés tête-bêche. Les deux éléments conducteurs de l'un des deux dipôles sont orthogonaux à ceux de l'autre. Les éléments conducteurs du dipôle 1 sont reliés à un câble coaxial 3, pour leur alimentation par une première source extérieure d'énergie. Les éléments conducteurs du dipôle 2 sont pareillement reliés à un autre câble coaxial 4, pour leur alimentation par une deuxième source extérieure d'énergie, qui est indépendante de la première. Les polarités des dipôles sont notées + et - respectivement en regard des deux éléments conducteurs de chacun d'eux.The two conductive elements of the same dipole are head to tail. The two conductive elements of one of two dipoles are orthogonal to those of the other. The conductive elements of dipole 1 are connected to a cable coaxial 3, for their supply from a primary source outdoor energy. The conductive elements of dipole 2 are also connected to another coaxial cable 4, for their supply from a second external source of energy, which is independent of the former. The polarities of the dipoles are noted + and - respectively in look at the two conductive elements of each of them.

Sur cette figure 1, on a illustré en 5 et 6 les deux polarisations croisées de la cellule rayonnante, qui correspondent aux bissectrices des éléments conducteurs de l'un et l'autre des dipôles 1 et 2 et résultent des courants dans ces éléments. Ces polarisations croisées 5 et 6 sont les composantes principales de polarisation obtenue par les dipôles alimentés 1 et 2. Elles sont en phase pour les deux éléments conducteurs du même dipôle.In this figure 1, we illustrated in 5 and 6 the two crossed polarizations of the radiating cell, which correspond to the bisectors of the conductive elements of both dipoles 1 and 2 and result from the currents in these elements. These cross polarizations 5 and 6 are the main components of polarization obtained by the dipoles supplied 1 and 2. They are in phase for both conductive elements of the same dipole.

On a également illustré en 7A-7B et 8A-8B les deux composantes secondaires orthogonales aux composantes principales de polarisation. Ces composantes secondaires sont en opposition de phase, dans chaque élément conducteur des dipôles.Also illustrated in 7A-7B and 8A-8B are the two secondary components orthogonal to the components main polarizations. These secondary components are in phase opposition, in each conductive element dipoles.

La forme en Vé de chaque élément conducteur des dipôles a l'avantage de minimiser l'effet lointain de ces composantes orthogonales qui tendent à s'annuler deux à deux. On précise comparativement, en ce qui concerne les dipôles à éléments conducteurs formés par deux plaques ou couches ayant la forme d'un Vé plein, que l'effet lointain des composantes orthogonales demeure important. En effet dans un tel dipôle, les lignes de courant s'évasent à proximité des bords de chaque Vé plein pour venir suivre ces bords et font que les composantes orthogonales ne sont plus en opposition de phase.The V shape of each conductive element of dipoles has the advantage of minimizing the distant effect of these orthogonal components which tend to cancel each other out at of them. We specify comparatively, with regard to dipoles with conductive elements formed by two plates or layers having the shape of a full Vé, that the distant effect orthogonal components remains important. Indeed in such a dipole, the current lines flare at proximity of the edges of each full V to follow these edges and make the orthogonal components no longer in phase opposition.

Les éléments conducteurs en forme de Vé des deux dipôles sont de préférence des plaques pliées en Vé. Cette réalisation à l'aide de plaques et non pas de conducteurs électriques du type fil permet d'augmenter la bande passante des dipôles.The V-shaped conductive elements of the two dipoles are preferably V-folded plates. This realization using plates and not conductors wire type electrics increase bandwidth dipoles.

L'ouverture du Vé de chacun des éléments conducteurs est de préférence comprise entre 20° et 80°. Elle est avantageusement de 40 à 50° environ, pour permettre une optimisation d'impédance des antennes.The opening of the V of each of the conductive elements is preferably between 20 ° and 80 °. She is advantageously from 40 to 50 ° approximately, to allow a antenna impedance optimization.

Avantageusement aussi, l'orientation des Vés par rapport à l'horizontale ou la verticale est choisie de sorte que ni l'une ni l'autre des polarisations 5 et 6 aient cette direction horizontale, ceci afin d'optimiser les caractéristiques de transmission des deux dipôles. En particulier cette orientation des Vés est telle que les directions des polarisations 4 et 5 soient à + 45° et - 45° respectivement par rapport à la verticale.Advantageously also, the orientation of the Vés by relative to the horizontal or the vertical is chosen so that neither of polarizations 5 and 6 have this horizontal direction, in order to optimize the transmission characteristics of the two dipoles. In particular this orientation of the Vés is such that the directions of polarizations 4 and 5 are at + 45 ° and - 45 ° respectively with respect to the vertical.

En regard de la figure 2, on voit que les éléments conducteurs en Vé comportent chacun les deux branches de chaque Vé mais également une patte 9A ou 9B transversale au Vé et partant de la base de celui-ci.Next to Figure 2, we see that the elements V-conductors each have the two branches of each Vé but also a 9A or 9B leg transverse to the Vee and leaving from the base of it.

Les deux branches du Vé et la patte forme une même pièce, la patte étant elle-même pliée en même temps que les branches.The two branches of the V and the leg forms the same piece, the tab itself being folded at the same time as the branches.

Dans la cellule d'antennes à polarisation croisée, la longueur de chaque dipôle est sensiblement égale à la moitié de la longueur d'onde de l'énergie rayonnée. Les pattes telles que 9A, ou 9B sont quant à elles de longueur sensiblement égale au quart de la longueur d'onde et jouent le rôle de symétriseurs de courant donnant les polarités + et - aux deux éléments du même dipôle alimenté. Ainsi, la puissance électrique fournie par la source d'énergie reliée à l'un des dipôles est transformée en ondes radiofréquences rayonnées par le dipôle selon un diagramme large-bande souhaitée.In the cross-polarized antenna cell, the length of each dipole is approximately equal to half of the wavelength of the radiated energy. The paws such as 9A, or 9B are in length substantially equal to a quarter of the wavelength and play the role of current balancers giving the polarities + and - to the two elements of the same powered dipole. So the electrical power supplied by the connected energy source at one of the dipoles is transformed into radiofrequency waves radiated by the dipole according to a broadband diagram desired.

Dans la figure 3 et/ou la figure 4, le système d'antennes illustré comporte un réseau d'antennes à double polarisation, qui sont identiques les unes aux autres et à la cellule de la figure 1 et sont toutes désignées sous la même référence globale 10, cette référence globale étant reportée en correspondance dans les figures 1 et 2. Ce réseau d'antennes ou cellules rayonnantes 10 est porté par un réflecteur plan rectangulaire 11. Il est disposé selon l'axe longitudinal du réflecteur. Il comporte quatre cellules dans l'exemple illustré. Chaque cellule est alimentée par ses deux câbles 3 et 4 reliés aux deux dipôles de la cellule. Le réflecteur est de largeur voisine d'une longueur d'onde de l'énergie rayonnée par les antennes. Pour l'alimentation des dipôles des différentes cellules, les câbles 3 de ces différentes cellules sont reliés à un câble principal 13 à travers un diviseur d'énergie 15 et pareillement les câbles 4 sont reliés à un autre câble principal 14 à travers un deuxième diviseur d'énergie 16. Ces deux câbles principaux 13 et 14 sont par ailleurs reliés à deux connecteurs coaxiaux 17 et 18, portés par l'une des extrémités du réflecteur et prévus pour les deux sources d'énergie affectées aux dipôles des différentes cellules 10.In Figure 3 and / or Figure 4, the system antenna shown includes an array of dual antennas polarization, which are identical to each other and to the cell in Figure 1 and are all designated under the same global reference 10, this global reference being shown in correspondence in Figures 1 and 2. This array of antennas or radiating cells 10 is carried by a rectangular planar reflector 11. It is arranged according to the longitudinal axis of the reflector. It has four cells in the example shown. Each cell is powered by its two cables 3 and 4 connected to the two dipoles of the cell. The reflector has a width close to one wavelength of the energy radiated by the antennas. For feeding the dipoles of the different cells, cables 3 of these different cells are connected to a cable main 13 through an energy divider 15 and similarly cables 4 are connected to another cable main 14 through a second energy divider 16. These two main cables 13 and 14 are also connected with two coaxial connectors 17 and 18, carried by one of the ends of the reflector and provided for both sources of energy assigned to the dipoles of the different cells 10.

En se référant plus particulièrement aux figures 1, 2 et 4 on précise que chacune des cellules 10 est fixée sur le réflecteur à l'aide d'une pièce conductrice 19, prévue en bout des pattes telles que 9A et 9B des deux dipôles et elle même fixée au réflecteur.With particular reference to Figures 1, 2 and 4 it is specified that each of the cells 10 is fixed to the reflector using a conductive part 19, provided in end of the legs such as 9A and 9B of the two dipoles and it even attached to the reflector.

Cette pièce 19 est de forme circulaire et relativement plate. Elle présente quatre alésages dans l'une de ses faces, dans lesquelles sont encastrées et soudées les extrémités des quatre pattes telles que 9A et 9B et est solidarisée par vis au réflecteur.This part 19 is circular in shape and relatively flat. It has four bores in one of its faces, in which are embedded and welded the ends of the four legs such as 9A and 9B and is secured by screw to the reflector.

Les éléments conducteurs en Vé munis de leur patte individuelle et la pièce de fixation 19 sont en laiton.V-shaped conductive elements with their tabs individual and the fixing part 19 are made of brass.

On précise également, en se référant aux figures 1 à 3, qu'une autre pièce de haute résistivité électrique 20 par exemple en plastique est avantageusement montée entre les quatre éléments conducteurs du même dipôle, pour renforcer leur solidarisation d'ensemble. Cette pièce 20 sert aussi à la fixation des deux câbles coaxiaux 3 et 4, dont le conducteur central de chacun est soudé à l'un des éléments conducteurs. Cette pièce de solidarisation est ajourée pour minimiser son influence dans la cellule concernée 10.It is also specified, with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, that another piece of high electrical resistivity 20 per plastic example is advantageously mounted between the four conductive elements of the same dipole, to reinforce their overall solidarity. This part 20 is also used for fixing the two coaxial cables 3 and 4, the each conductor is soldered to one of the elements conductors. This joining piece is perforated for minimize its influence in the cell concerned 10.

Le système d'antennes à polarisation croisée est aussi muni d'au moins une paroi métallique de séparation telle que 21, entre les cellules ou groupes de cellules du réseau. La seule paroi 21 utilisée dans le système d'antennes selon les figures 3 et 4 est prévue selon l'axe transversal du réflecteur 11. Elle est fixée sur le réflecteur, en étant saillante sur celui-ci. Elle évite un couplage direct entre les éléments rayonnants situés de part et d'autre d'elle. The cross-polarized antenna system is also provided with at least one metal partition wall such that 21, between the cells or groups of cells of the network. The single wall 21 used in the antenna system according to the Figures 3 and 4 is provided along the transverse axis of the reflector 11. It is fixed to the reflector, being protruding on this one. It avoids direct coupling between the radiating elements located on either side of it.

Selon l'invention également, ce système d'antennes est équipé en outre d'un compensateur de couplage aérien indirect entre les dipôles, ce couplage indirect résultant pour une part importante du couplage entre les champs électriques issus de réflexions parasites sur le réflecteur et plus particulièrement sur ses bords longitudinaux prévus généralement pliés et notés 11A et 11B.According to the invention also, this antenna system is additionally equipped with an overhead coupling compensator indirect between the dipoles, this resulting indirect coupling for a large part of the coupling between the fields from stray reflections on the reflector and more particularly on its longitudinal edges provided generally folded and marked 11A and 11B.

Le compensateur de couplage comprend deux profilés ou cornières 23A, 23B. Ces cornières sont montées sur le réflecteur plan rectangulaire parallèlement aux bords longitudinaux, et disposées de façon symétrique de part et d'autre de l'axe longitudinal suivant lequel les quatre cellules sont alignées.The coupling compensator includes two profiles or angles 23A, 23B. These angles are mounted on the rectangular flat reflector parallel to the edges longitudinal, and arranged symmetrically on both sides and on the other of the longitudinal axis along which the four cells are aligned.

Les deux cornières offrent des surfaces réfléchissantes supplémentaires par rapport aux bords, de sorte que la recombinaison des champs électriques réfléchis par les bords et par les cornières conduit à une réduction sensible du couplage entre les deux polarisations orthogonales du système d'antennes.The two angles provide surfaces additional reflective to the edges, so that the recombination of the reflected electric fields by the edges and by the angles leads to a reduction sensitive of the coupling between the two polarizations of the antenna system.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, figure 5, chaque cornière 23A ou 23B comprend une base 24A ou 24B fixée sur le réflecteur 11 et une arête 26A ou 26B pliée d'un angle ∝ inférieur à 180 degrés par rapport à la base, par exemple d'un angle droit. Les différentes cotes du système d'antennes représenté sur la figure 5 sont par exemple en millimètres (mm) :

  • largeur du réflecteur       250 mm
  • hauteur de chaque bord       32 mm
  • hauteur de l'arête de chaque cornière       35 mm
  • distance de l'arête au bord le plus proche       84 mm
According to a first embodiment of the invention, FIG. 5, each angle 23A or 23B comprises a base 24A or 24B fixed on the reflector 11 and an edge 26A or 26B folded at an angle ∝ less than 180 degrees relative to the base, for example at a right angle. The different dimensions of the antenna system shown in FIG. 5 are for example in millimeters (mm):
  • reflector width 250 mm
  • height of each edge 32 mm
  • height of the edge of each angle 35 mm
  • distance from edge to nearest edge 84 mm

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, figure 6, chaque cornière 23A ou 23B comprend un replat 28A ou 28B plié par rapport à l'arête, par exemple d'un angle droit, et dirigé vers le bord longitudinal correspndant 11A ou 11B. Les différentes cotes du système d'antennes représenté sur la figure 6 sont par exemple :

  • largeur du réflecteur       300 mm
  • hauteur de chaque bord       48 mm
  • hauteur de l'arête de chaque cornière       20 mm
  • distance de l'arête au bord le plus proche       128 mm
  • largeur du replat       37 mm.
According to a second embodiment of the invention, FIG. 6, each angle iron 23A or 23B comprises a flat 28A or 28B folded relative to the edge, for example at a right angle, and directed towards the corresponding longitudinal edge 11A or 11B. The different dimensions of the antenna system shown in FIG. 6 are for example:
  • reflector width 300 mm
  • height of each edge 48 mm
  • height of the edge of each angle 20 mm
  • distance from edge to nearest edge 128 mm
  • width of the base 37 mm.

Pour les deux exemples précédents, le système d'antennes a une bande passante allant de 872 MHz à 960 MHz centrée autour de 915 MHz. Pour déterminer expérimentalement le couplage entre les deux polarisations orthogonales du système d'antennes, une puissance électromagnétique est envoyée par une source d'énergie sur les dipôles 1A - 1B des quatre cellules identiques 10 dont la polarisation forme un angle de + 45 degrés avec le bord longitudinal 11A. Les dipôles 2A - 2B des cellules 10 dont la polarisation forme un angle de -45 degrés avec le bord longitudinal 11B détectent une puissance due au couplage, qui en présence des deux cornières décrites dans les deux exemples précédents, est de l'ordre du millième de la puissance envoyée par la source, alors qu'en l'absence des cornières, elle est de l'ordre du centième. Les deux cornières permettent ainsi de diviser par dix le couplage entre les deux polarisations croisées du système d'antennes qui passe de 20 décibel (dB) à 30 dB.For the two previous examples, the system antennas have a bandwidth from 872 MHz to 960 MHz centered around 915 MHz. To determine experimentally the coupling between the two orthogonal polarizations of the antenna system, electromagnetic power is sent by an energy source on dipoles 1A - 1B of four identical cells 10 whose polarization forms a angle of + 45 degrees with the longitudinal edge 11A. The dipoles 2A - 2B of cells 10 whose polarization forms an angle of -45 degrees with the longitudinal edge 11B detect a power due to coupling, which in the presence of two angles described in the two previous examples, is of the order of a thousandth of the power sent by the source, while in the absence of the angles, it is the order of a hundredth. The two angles thus allow divide by ten the coupling between the two polarizations antenna system crosses from 20 decibel (dB) at 30 dB.

En variante non représentée le compensateur peut comprendre de chaque côté des quatre cellules plusieurs cornières telles que celles précitées ou un profilé à plusieurs arêtes telles que celles des cornières précitées.In a variant not shown, the compensator can understand on each side of the four cells several angles such as those mentioned above or a profile to several edges such as those of the aforementioned angles.

On note, pour compléter la structure du système d'antennes selon l'invention, que celui-ci est équipé d'un radôme 30 fixé sur les rebords du réflecteur 11, ainsi que montré dans les figures 3 et 4. Une pièce support 31 est fixée sur la partie centrale de la paroi métallique 21, pour une meilleure tenue mécanique du radôme.We note, to complete the structure of the system antennas according to the invention, that the latter is equipped with a radome 30 fixed on the edges of the reflector 11, as well as shown in Figures 3 and 4. A support piece 31 is fixed on the central part of the metal wall 21, to better mechanical strength of the radome.

Claims (14)

Système d'antennes directionnelles à polarisation croisée, comportant un réflecteur (11) sensiblement plan et rectangulaire et au moins une cellule rayonnante (10) portée par ledit réflecteur, chaque cellule comportant au moins deux premiers éléments conducteurs (1A, 1B) montés tête-bêche et alimentés par une première source extérieure d'énergie en formant un premier dipôle (1), caractérisé en ce que chaque cellule rayonnante comporte deux deuxièmes éléments conducteurs (2A-2B) montés identiquement aux premiers et alimentés par une deuxième source extérieure d'énergie en formant un deuxième dipôle, et en ce que lesdits éléments conducteurs (1A-1B, 2A, 2B) sont des éléments pliés en forme de Vé et montés orthogonalement les deuxièmes par rapport aux premiers.Directional polarized antenna system crossed, comprising a substantially planar reflector (11) and rectangular and at least one radiating cell (10) carried by said reflector, each cell comprising at least first two conductive elements (1A, 1B) mounted head to tail and powered by a first external source of energy by forming a first dipole (1), characterized in what each radiant cell has two second conductive elements (2A-2B) mounted identically to first and powered by a second external source of energy by forming a second dipole, and in that said conductive elements (1A-1B, 2A, 2B) are elements folded in a V-shape and mounted orthogonally second compared to the first. Système selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque élément conducteur est constitué par une plaque pliée en Vé.System according to claim 1, characterized in that each conductive element is constituted by a plate folded in Vee. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits éléments conducteurs (1A-1B, 2A, 2B) en Vé ont chacune une ouverture comprise entre 20 et 80°.System according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said conductive elements (1A-1B, 2A, 2B) in Vee each have an opening between 20 and 80 °. Système selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ladite ouverture est choisie comprise entre 40 et 50° environ.System according to claim 3, characterized in that that said opening is chosen to be between 40 and 50 ° about. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que lesdits éléments conducteurs en Vé présentent une orientation selon un angle différent de zéro par rapport à l'horizontale, pour présenter une direction de polarisation (5, 6) décalée angulairement par rapport à l'horizontale.System according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that said V-shaped conductive elements have an orientation at an angle other than zero with respect to the horizontal, to present a direction of polarization (5, 6) angularly offset from the horizontal. Système selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la direction de polarisation est de + 45° et - 45° environ, pour les éléments conducteurs de l'un et l'autre des dipôles (1, 2) respectivement. System according to claim 5, characterized in that the direction of polarization is + 45 ° and - 45 ° approximately, for the conductive elements of one and the other dipoles (1, 2) respectively. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que chaque élément conducteur présente une patte conductrice (9A, 9B), d'une part solidaire de la base du Vé et saillante d'un côté du Vé sur une longueur sensiblement égale au quart de la longueur d'onde rayonnée par le dipôle correspondant et d'autre part fixée sur ledit réflecteur.System according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each conductive element has a conductive tab (9A, 9B), on the one hand secured to the base of the Vee and protruding from one side of the Vee over a length substantially equal to a quarter of the radiated wavelength by the corresponding dipole and on the other fixed on said reflector. Système selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une pièce conductrice (19) de fixation des pattes des éléments conducteurs d'une même cellule (10) sur le réflecteur (11), lesdites pattes ayant leurs extrémités encastrées dans ladite pièce de fixation et soudées sur celle-ci.System according to claim 7, characterized in that that it comprises a conductive part (19) for fixing the legs of the conductive elements of the same cell (10) on the reflector (11), said legs having their ends embedded in said fixing piece and welded to this one. Système selon l'une des revendications 7 et 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une pièce de solidarisation (20), en matériau de résistivité électrique élevée, solidarisant entre eux lesdits éléments conducteurs (lA-lB, 2A-2B) d'une même cellule.System according to one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that it includes an attachment piece (20), made of a material with high electrical resistivity, joining together said conductive elements (lA-lB, 2A-2B) of the same cell. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un réseau de cellules (10), monté selon l'axe longitudinal du réflecteur.System according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises an array of cells (10), mounted along the longitudinal axis of the reflector. Système selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux câbles principaux (13, 14) d'une part reliés respectivement à deux connecteurs coaxiaux (17, 18) prévus sur l'une des extrémités du réflecteur et affectés auxdites première et deuxième sources, et d'autre part reliés respectivement à deux diviseurs d'énergie (15, 16) eux mêmes reliés respectivement à des premiers et des deuxièmes câbles (3, 4) affectés à l'alimentation des deux dipôles des différentes cellules (10).System according to claim 11, characterized in that it has two main cables (13, 14) on the one hand connected respectively to two coaxial connectors (17, 18) provided on one end of the reflector and assigned to said first and second sources, and secondly connected respectively to two energy dividers (15, 16) themselves connected respectively to prime and second cables (3, 4) assigned to supply the two dipoles of the different cells (10). Système selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que le réflecteur (11) comporte deux bords longitudinaux (11A, 11B) et des profilés (23A, 23B) montés parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal et symétriquement de part et d'autre du réseau de cellules (10). System according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the reflector (11) has two edges longitudinal (11A, 11B) and mounted profiles (23A, 23B) parallel to the longitudinal axis and symmetrically apart and on the other side of the cell network (10). Système selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que chaque profilé (23A, 23B) comprend une base (24A, 24B) fixée sur le réflecteur (11) et au moins une arête (26A, 26B) pliée d'un angle (∝) inférieur à 180 degrés par rapport à la base.System according to claim 12, characterized in that each section (23A, 23B) includes a base (24A, 24B) fixed on the reflector (11) and at least one edge (26A, 26B) folded at an angle (∝) less than 180 degrees by compared to the base. Système selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que chaque profilé comprend un replat (28A, 28B) plié par rapport à l'arête et dirigé vers un bord longitudinal (11A, 11B).System according to claim 13, characterized in that each section includes a flat (28A, 28B) folded by relative to the edge and directed towards a longitudinal edge (11A, 11B).
EP98401746A 1997-07-28 1998-07-09 Directional antenna system with crossed polarisation Expired - Lifetime EP0895303B1 (en)

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FR9709566A FR2766626B1 (en) 1997-07-28 1997-07-28 CROSS POLARIZATION DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA SYSTEM
FR9709566 1997-07-28

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FR2766626A1 (en) 1999-01-29
DE69828848D1 (en) 2005-03-10
ATE288624T1 (en) 2005-02-15
US6025798A (en) 2000-02-15
EP0895303B1 (en) 2005-02-02

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