EP0887372B1 - Devulcanized rubber, method of manufacturing devulcanized rubber, and method of manufacturing reclaimed molded rubber products from devulcanized rubber - Google Patents
Devulcanized rubber, method of manufacturing devulcanized rubber, and method of manufacturing reclaimed molded rubber products from devulcanized rubber Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0887372B1 EP0887372B1 EP97109846A EP97109846A EP0887372B1 EP 0887372 B1 EP0887372 B1 EP 0887372B1 EP 97109846 A EP97109846 A EP 97109846A EP 97109846 A EP97109846 A EP 97109846A EP 0887372 B1 EP0887372 B1 EP 0887372B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- devulcanized
- vulcanized
- carbon black
- vulcanized rubber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
- C08J11/12—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by dry-heat treatment only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L17/00—Compositions of reclaimed rubber
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2321/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified rubbers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing devulcanized rubber, devulcanized rubber manufactured to recycle a discarded vulcanized rubber and a method of manufacturing reclaimed molded rubber products from the devulcanized rubber.
- the conventional method is carried out as follows to recycle discarded vulcanized rubbers such as used tires, scraps generated in manufacturing molded rubber products, and discarded defective products. Initially, the vulcanized rubber is pulverized into coarse particles, and then devulcanizing treatment is performed; i.e., sulfuric crosslinking bonds in the vulcanized rubber are cut to form it into devulcanized rubber. Then, the devulcanized rubber is vulcanized and molded to obtain products having a desired shape.
- the carbon black serves not only as a filler but also as a reinforcing material to link the rubber particles.
- the amount of the added carbon black is the same as that of rubber
- the particle size of the carbon black is decreased to 100 nm or less
- the number of the carbon black particles becomes larger to increase the number of the physical crosslinking points. Therefore reinforcing effect is further enhanced.
- This provides the devulcanized rubber with the same properties as those of virgin material.
- the particle size of the carbon black is decreased, for example, to less than 5 nm, the surface area of the carbon black particle is reduced. As a result, the number of the rubber particles that can be adsorbed onto the carbon black surface is decreased, failing to serve as the physical crosslinking point.
- the molded rubber product processed from the above-mentioned devulcanized rubber of the present invention has the rubber characteristic similar to that of a molded rubber product processed from virgin unvulcanized rubber, as shown in Tables 1 and 3.
- the diameter of the carbon black particle to be added to the vulcanized rubber is greater than 100nm because primary carbon particles agglomerate with each other.
- the chain organic compounds include natural rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, butyl rubber, ethylenepropylene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, acrylic rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene and EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer).
- Sulfur or a sulfur compound is mixed with natural rubber containing carbon chains to form many types of sulfur crosslinking bonds between the carbon chains of the natural rubber. In this manner, the vulcanized rubber having the property of elastomer or that of rubber is also processed.
- the devulcanizing treatment allows carbon black particles contained in the discarded vulcanized rubber to be pulverized to 100nm or less in diameter, thus preventing the rubber characteristic of the molded rubber product processed from the devulcanized rubber from being deteriorated.
- the shearing pressure of less than 10kg/cm 2 is applied to the vulcanized rubber in the devulcanizing treatment, there is a high possibility that the carbon black particles are unfavorably prevented from becoming fine and being dispersed in the devulcanized rubber.
- the molded rubber product processed from the devulcanized rubber manufactured in this condition is not suitable for practical use. In this condition, the desirable molded rubber product cannot be processed from the reclaimed devulcanized rubber unless the vulcanized rubber is mixed with a large amount of virgin unvulcanized rubber. That is, when the devulcanizing treatment is carried out in this condition, the discarded vulcanized rubber cannot be recycled in a large quantity. Further, it takes long to cut sulfuric crosslinking bonds. That is, it takes long to complete the devulcanizing treatment.
- the shearing pressure higher than 150kg/cm 2 is applied to the vulcanized rubber in the devulcanizing treatment, the main chains in rubber molecules can be undesirably cut. Consequently, the molded rubber product processed from the devulcanized rubber could have a greatly deteriorated quality.
- an apparatus capable of applying a shearing force to the discarded vulcanized rubber and heating it is used.
- a twin screw extruder or a rubber roller can be used as the apparatus.
- the vulcanizing treatment is performed for one to five minutes.
- chemical devulcanizing agent is added to the discarded vulcanized rubber in the devulcanizing treatment.
- the chemical devulcanizing agent is selected from at least one of diallyl disulfide, dixylyl disulfide, thiophenol, and iron oxide, etc.
- the reclaiming oil is compatible with the vulcanized rubber.
- the vulcanized rubber swells. Consequently, the cutting of the sulfuric crosslinking bonds in the vulcanized rubber can be accelerated.
- the discarded vulcanized rubber if it is EPDM, is preferably devulcanized at 280 - 330°C by applying a shearing pressure of 10-50kg/cm 2 thereto.
- the present invention discloses above the method for producing a devulcanized rubber suitable for a raw material of a reclaimed rubber product having excellent characteristics even though it is used as a single ingredient.
- EPDM of the present invention is ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer whose hydrocarbon main chain is a copolymer of ethylene, propylene and diene.
- the double bonds involved in the vulcanization are not located in the hydrocarbon main chain but in side chains.
- the diene is 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene dicyclopentadiene or the like.
- EPDM is produced by mixing a raw rubber having above carbon main chains and sulfur or sulfuric compounds. It has -s-, -s-s-, -s-s-s- bond or the like as sulfur bridges between the carbon main chains to exhibit properties of elastomer or rubber.
- the vulcanized rubber is heated at a temperature lower than 280°C in the devulcanizing treatment.
- the obtained reclaimed rubber is a little less devulcanized and could lose some elasticity such as elongation.
- the network concentration may be less than 10 %.
- the reclaimed rubber product produced under this condition may be equivalent in its property to the rubber product produced by vulcanizing and molding usual virgin unvulcanized rubber.
- the network concentration may be 10% or less compared to the rubber before devulcanizing.
- the reclaimed rubber product produced in this condition may be almost equivalent in its property to the rubber product obtained by vulcanizing and molding usual virgin unvulcanized rubber.
- a method of manufacturing molded rubber products of reclaimed rubber comprises the steps (a) or (b); (a) preparing a material of devulcanized rubber in which sulfuric crosslinking bonds are cut and which contains carbon black particles having diameters 100nm or less, or (b) preparing a material of a mixture of devulcanized rubber and virgin unvulcanized rubber; and vulcanizing and molding the material of the devulcanized rubber into desired shapes.
- the above-described manufacturing method is an example to utilize the devulcanized rubber of the present invention.
- the rubber product obtained by molding only the devulcanized rubber of the present invention has the similar rubber characteristic as that of a molded rubber product processed from virgin unvulcanized rubber alone.
- the above-described method is capable of recycling a large amount of discarded vulcanized rubber products such as automobile tires.
- vulcanizing agents consisting of sulfur and peroxide can be used in the vulcanizing treatment.
- the method of vulcanizing and molding the devulcanized rubber can be carried out similarly to that of vulcanizing and molding virgin unvulcanized rubber.
- devulcanized namely, reclaimed rubber according to the embodiments of the present invention
- method of manufacturing the devulcanized rubber according to the embodiments and the method of manufacturing molded rubber products from the reclaimed rubber according to the embodiments.
- NOCCELER TT Tetramethylthiurarmdisulfide
- NOCCELER M 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
- the devulcanized rubber of the specimen 1 was prepared as follows: The vulcanized rubber of the discarded products was pulverized. The pulverized rubber was introduced into a twin screw extruder in which the diameter of a screw was 30mm and its length was 1260mm. Then, a shearing pressure was applied thereto while it was being heated to devulcanize it. The throughput capacity of the extruder was 5kg per hour.
- the specimens 2 and 3 were prepared as in the case of the specimen 1 except that the specimen 2 was made of one part by weight of chemical devulcanizing agent (diallyl disulfide) mixed with 100 parts by weight of the vulcanized rubber of the discarded products in devulcanizing the specimen 2; and that the specimen 3 was made of 10 parts by weight of reclaiming oil (process oil) mixed with 100 parts by weight of the vulcanized rubber of the discarded products in devulcanizing the specimen 3.
- chemical devulcanizing agent diallyl disulfide
- process oil reclaiming oil
- the devulcanized rubber of the specimens 4, 5, and 6 was prepared in the same condition as that of the specimens 1, 2, and 3, respectively. As described above, the material of the specimens 4 - 6 was vulcanized butyl rubber. The shearing pressure, the temperature, and the period of time in the devulcanizing treatment are indicated in Table 1.
- Shearing pressure ⁇ x 2 ⁇ rN S /d where r is a diameter of the screw, N S is the number of screw revolution, d is the clearance between the screw and the cylinder, and ⁇ is the viscosity at shearing speed that can be directly measured or calculated through insertion.
- Mooney viscosities of the specimens 1 - 6 and E1 - E7 and the comparison specimens C1 - C4 were measured. The results are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3. The average diameters of carbon black particles of the specimens 1 - 6 and E1 - E7 and the comparison specimens C1 - C4 were measured with an electron microscope. The results are also shown in Tables 1 to 3.
- the Mooney viscosities of the devulcanized rubber of the specimens 1 - 6 and E1 - E7 were low, which indicates that sulfuric crosslinking bonds of the vulcanized rubber were cut sufficiently by the devulcanizing treatment performed in the condition shown in Tables 1 and 3.
- the diameters of particles of the carbon black contained in the devulcanized rubber of the specimens 1 - 6 and E1 - E7 were mainly 40 - 60nm.
- Table 4 indicates that the molded reclaimed rubber products processed from the devulcanized rubber of the specimen 4 - 6 have the same rubber characteristic as that of the molded rubber product obtained by vulcanizing and molding the virgin unvulcanized rubber.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
NOCCELER TT : Tetramethylthiurarmdisulfide;
NOCCELER M : 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
Specimen No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Discarded vulcanized rubber | EPDM | EPDM | EPDM | Butyl rubber | Butyl rubber | Butyl rubber |
Chemical devulcanizing agent | Not added | 1 part by wt. | Not added | Not added | 1 part by wt. | Not added |
Reclaiming oil | Not added | Not added | 10 parts by wt. | Not added | Not added | 10 parts by wt. |
Shearing pressure (kg/cm2) | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
Temperature (°C) | 300 | 270 | 300 | 200 | 190 | 200 |
Period of time (minute) | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
Throughput capacity (kg/hour) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Mooney viscosity (ML1+4, 100°C) | 60 | 50 | 45 | 60 | 50 | 50 |
Average diam. of CB particle (nm) | 50 | 60 | 60 | 40 | 50 | 60 |
Tensile strength (kg/cm2) | 200 | 180 | 170 | 150 | 130 | 130 |
Elongation at break (%) | 650 | 680 | 700 | 600 | 650 | 680 |
Specimen No. | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 |
Discarded vulcanized rubber | EPDM | Butyl rubber | EPDM | EPDM |
Chemical devulcanizing agent | Not added | Not added | Not added | Not added |
Reclaiming oil | Not added | Not added | Not added | Not added |
Shearing pressure (kg/cm2) | 5 | 5 | 20 | 180 |
Temperature (°C) | 200 | 250 | 370 | 300 |
Period of time (minute) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Throughput capacity (kg/hour) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Mooney viscosity (ML1+4 100°C) | 120 | 140 | 20 | 15 |
Average diam. of CB particle (nm) | 200 | 190 | 50 | 50 |
Tensile strength (kg/cm2) | 80 | 60 | 40 | 60 |
Elongation at break (%) | 200 | 150 | 20 | 640 |
Specimen No. | E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | E6 | E7 |
Discarded vulcanized rubber | EPDM | EPDM | EPDM | EPDM | EPDM | EPDM | EPDM |
Chemical devulcanizing agent | Not added | Not added | Not added | Not added | Not added | Not added | Not added |
Reclaiming oil | Not added | Not added | Not added | Not added | Not added | Not added | Not added |
Shearing pressure (kg/cm2) | 10 | 30 | 100 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
Temperature (°C) | 300 | 300 | 300 | 250 | 280 | 330 | 350 |
Period of time (minute) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Throughput capacity (kg/hour) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Mooney viscosity (ML1+4, 100°C) | 75 | 65 | 50 | 80 | 75 | 65 | 55 |
Average diam. of CB particle (nm) | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
Tensile strength (kg/cm2) | 200 | 200 | 140 | 140 | 200 | 200 | 140 |
Elongation at break (%) | 680 | 690 | 670 | 600 | 680 | 700 | 670 |
Specimen No. | Reference specimen 1 | Reference specimen 2 |
Virgin unvulcanized rubber | EPDM | Butyl rubber |
Tensile strength (kg/cm2) | 200 | 160 |
Elongation at break (%) | 670 | 610 |
Claims (11)
- A method of manufacturing devulcanized rubber comprising the steps of:(a) pulverizing vulcanized rubber;(b) heating the pulverized vulcanized rubber in the temperature range of 180°C to 350°C; and(c) applying a shearing pressure in the pressure range of 10 to 150 kg/cm2 to the pulverized vulcanized rubber,
- The method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of said carbon black particles is 5 nm or more.
- The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising the step of adding a chemical devulcanizing agent and/or reclaiming oil to the vulcanized rubber.
- The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the vulcanized rubber is EPDM (ethylene propylene diene terpolymer), the temperature range is from 280°C to 330°C, and the pressure range is from 10 to 50 kg/cm2.
- The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the vulcanized rubber is natural rubber, the temperature range is from 200°C to 270°C, and the pressure range is from 10 to 50 kg/cm2.
- The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the vulcanized rubber is styrene butadiene rubber, the temperature range is from 200°C to 270°C, and the pressure range is from 10 to 50 kg/cm2.
- The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the vulcanized rubber is butyl rubber, the temperature range is from 180°C to 250°C, and the pressure range is from 10 to 30 kg/cm2.
- Devulcanized rubber, comprising
rubber with sulfur crosslinks thereof severed, and
carbon black particles of 100 nm or less in diameter,
which is manufactured by a method according to one of claims 1 to 7. - The devulcanized rubber of claim 8, wherein the diameter of said carbon black particles is 5 nm or more.
- A method of manufacturing molded rubber products of devulcanized rubber comprising the steps of:(a) vulcanizing devulcanized rubber of claim 8 or 9; and(b) molding the vulcanized rubber obtained in the step (a) to a desired shape.
- The method according to claim 10, further comprising the step of adding virgin unvulcanized rubber to the devulcanized rubber prior to the step (a).
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP35296596A JP3272623B2 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1996-12-12 | Reclaimed desulfurized rubber, method for producing the same, and method for producing recycled rubber molded product |
AT97109846T ATE247685T1 (en) | 1997-06-17 | 1997-06-17 | DEVULCANIZED RUBBER, METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING MOLDED REGENERATED RUBBER ARTICLES THEREFROM |
DE1997624239 DE69724239T2 (en) | 1997-06-17 | 1997-06-17 | Devulcanized rubber, process for its production and process for the production of molded regenerated rubber articles therefrom |
EP97109846A EP0887372B1 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1997-06-17 | Devulcanized rubber, method of manufacturing devulcanized rubber, and method of manufacturing reclaimed molded rubber products from devulcanized rubber |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP34910995 | 1995-12-19 | ||
EP97109846A EP0887372B1 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1997-06-17 | Devulcanized rubber, method of manufacturing devulcanized rubber, and method of manufacturing reclaimed molded rubber products from devulcanized rubber |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0887372A1 EP0887372A1 (en) | 1998-12-30 |
EP0887372B1 true EP0887372B1 (en) | 2003-08-20 |
Family
ID=26145538
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97109846A Expired - Lifetime EP0887372B1 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1997-06-17 | Devulcanized rubber, method of manufacturing devulcanized rubber, and method of manufacturing reclaimed molded rubber products from devulcanized rubber |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0887372B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE69928974T2 (en) * | 1998-01-26 | 2006-11-30 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Rubber composition and process for its preparation |
DE69917733T2 (en) | 1998-10-28 | 2005-07-21 | Bridgestone Corp. | Regenerated rubber and process for regenerating vulcanized rubber |
EP1201390A4 (en) * | 1999-06-08 | 2004-09-01 | Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk | Method of reclaiming crosslinked rubber |
JP4577801B2 (en) | 2000-02-29 | 2010-11-10 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | Recycled rubber and method for producing the same |
GB0119102D0 (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2001-09-26 | Watson Brown Hsm Ltd | Treatment of cross-linked elastomers |
MY157682A (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2016-07-15 | Rhein Chemie Rheinau Gmbh | Process for the recycling of rubbers |
DE102007026173A1 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-11 | Rhein-Chemie Rheinau Gmbh | Vulcanized rubber regeneration involves using dialkyl polysulphide as regeneration agent during regeneration |
DE102007000692A1 (en) | 2007-09-04 | 2009-03-05 | Rhein-Chemie Rheingau Gmbh | Regeneration of sulfur crosslinked rubber vulcanizate using dialkylpolysulfide, preferably dioctylpentasulfide, as regenerating agent |
DE102010006476A1 (en) | 2010-01-31 | 2011-08-04 | Entex Rust & Mitschke GmbH, 44805 | Devulcanizing of old rubber |
US9926426B2 (en) | 2010-01-31 | 2018-03-27 | Entex Rust & Mitschke Gmbh | Non-chemical, mechanical procedure for the devulcanization of scrap rubber and/or elastomers and apparatus therefor |
FR2991687B1 (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2014-06-06 | Plymouth Francaise Sa | REGENERATION OF VULCANIZED RUBBER |
EP2957406A1 (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2015-12-23 | Michael Earls | Method of manufacturing rubber reclaim |
EP2987820A1 (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2016-02-24 | VEDAG GmbH | Bitumen composition comprising partially degraded waste rubber material |
US11174358B2 (en) | 2015-10-01 | 2021-11-16 | Braskem S.A. | Reprocessing of polymeric compositions |
MX2020012487A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2021-03-29 | Braskem Sa | Reprocessing of polymeric compositions. |
CN113484209B (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2023-08-18 | 浦林成山(山东)轮胎有限公司 | Identification method of white carbon black in vulcanized rubber and application thereof |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2461192A (en) * | 1947-07-31 | 1949-02-08 | Lancaster Processes Inc | Method of reclaiming scrap vulcanized rubber |
GB871925A (en) * | 1957-11-19 | 1961-07-05 | Dasher Rubber And Chemical Com | A process for reclaiming scrap vulcanized rubber |
JPH06179215A (en) * | 1992-12-14 | 1994-06-28 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Method for pulverizing vulcanized rubber material |
CA2137199A1 (en) * | 1993-12-06 | 1995-06-07 | James F. Fisher | Process for regeneration of rubber |
JPH08311106A (en) * | 1995-05-24 | 1996-11-26 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | Production of reclaimed rubber or unvulcanized reclaimed rubber |
-
1997
- 1997-06-17 EP EP97109846A patent/EP0887372B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP0887372A1 (en) | 1998-12-30 |
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