EP0863294A1 - Method and device for the industrial construction of reinforced ceiling structures - Google Patents
Method and device for the industrial construction of reinforced ceiling structures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0863294A1 EP0863294A1 EP98103420A EP98103420A EP0863294A1 EP 0863294 A1 EP0863294 A1 EP 0863294A1 EP 98103420 A EP98103420 A EP 98103420A EP 98103420 A EP98103420 A EP 98103420A EP 0863294 A1 EP0863294 A1 EP 0863294A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- formwork
- reinforced
- moved
- reinforcement material
- underside
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000009439 industrial construction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000051 wattle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009850 completed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000254 damaging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000008918 voyeurism Diseases 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/102—Removable shuttering; Bearing or supporting devices therefor
Definitions
- the reinforcement of the vaulted ceilings is cantilevered according to conventional methods: reinforcement arches hold the reinforcement in its position on the vaulted ceiling, but due to the heavy weight of the reinforcement, a slight sag cannot be avoided, which is only removed when the formwork is moved into position. With this in-position driving, spacers on the reinforcements are pressed against the vaulted ceiling. Some spacers can break if the reinforcement is not in the target position. When the sag is removed, wire connections of the reinforcements can also tear and the sealing foil can be damaged by protruding steel parts. Or the reinforcement unintentionally lies directly on the sealing film and is there, without a protective concrete environment, more susceptible to corrosion. In both cases, complex renovation measures can result.
- Another disadvantage of the conventional methods is the occurrence of a reinforcement gap on the front formwork. This gap must be closed by adding reinforcements, whereby overlaps in the reinforcement are necessary, which require additional material and cause additional costs
- tunnel construction is not applicable limits tunnel construction, but can be used in many other cases, in which space problems occur when formwork is reinforced.
- dome formwork used in the previous description provides therefore actually formwork underside. In the claims is therefore generally only from the underside of the formwork and the top of the formwork.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Es ist heute üblich, Tunnel großer Querschnittsfläche nicht in ihrem ganzen
Querschnitt auf einmal voranzutreiben, sondern nur in Teilquerschnitten und
in kurzen Abschlägen. Anschließend wird mit Spritzbeton gesichert. Dies ist
z.B aus der Neuen Österreichischen Tunnelbauweise (NÖT) bekannt. Auch
Sohle und Gewölbe des Tunnels werden getrennt betoniert. Die Wandstärken
schwanken dabei meist zwischen 40 Zentimetern und 3 Metern, je nach
Material, in dem der Tunnel geführt werden muß. Zusätzlich sind die Betonwandungen
zur Aufnahme großer Kräfte mit Mengen an Stahlbögen und
Baustahlmatten armiert.
Die Bewehrung des Deckengewölbes erfolgt nach herkömmlichen Verfahren
freitragend: Bewehrungstragebögen halten dabei die Bewehrung in ihrer Lage
an der Gewölbedecke, wobei aber aufgrund des großen Gewichtes der
Bewehrungen ein leichtes Durchhängen nicht zu vermeiden ist, welches erst
beim Fahren der Schalung in Position beseitigt wird. Bei diesem In-Position-Fahren
werden Abstandshalter auf den Bewehrungen an die Gewölbedecke
angepreßt. Dabei können einige Abstandhalter brechen, wenn die Bewehrung
nicht in Sollage ist. Es können beim Beseitigen der Durchhängung auch
Drahtverbindungen der Bewehrungen untereinander reißen und eine Verletzung
der Dichtungsfolie durch herausstehende Stahlteile erfolgen. Oder die
Bewehrung liegt ungewollt direkt an der Dichtungsfolie an und ist dort, ohne
schützendes Betonmilieu, korrosionsgefährdeter. In beiden Fällen können
aufwendige Sanierungsmaßnahmen die Folge sein.
Ein weiterer Nachteil der herkömmlichen Verfahren ist das Auftreten einer
Bewehrungslücke an der Stirnabschalung. Diese Lücke muß durch nachträgliches
Einbringen von Bewehrungen geschlossen werden, wobei Überlappungen
in der Bewehrung nötig sind, die zusätzliches Material erfordern und
Mehrkosten verursachenIt is common today to not advance tunnels with a large cross-sectional area in their entire cross-section at once, but only in partial cross-sections and in short sections. Then it is secured with shotcrete. This is known, for example, from the new Austrian tunnel construction method (NÖT). The base and vault of the tunnel are also concreted separately. The wall thicknesses usually vary between 40 centimeters and 3 meters, depending on the material in which the tunnel has to be led. In addition, the concrete walls are reinforced with quantities of steel arches and structural steel mats to absorb large forces.
The reinforcement of the vaulted ceilings is cantilevered according to conventional methods: reinforcement arches hold the reinforcement in its position on the vaulted ceiling, but due to the heavy weight of the reinforcement, a slight sag cannot be avoided, which is only removed when the formwork is moved into position. With this in-position driving, spacers on the reinforcements are pressed against the vaulted ceiling. Some spacers can break if the reinforcement is not in the target position. When the sag is removed, wire connections of the reinforcements can also tear and the sealing foil can be damaged by protruding steel parts. Or the reinforcement unintentionally lies directly on the sealing film and is there, without a protective concrete environment, more susceptible to corrosion. In both cases, complex renovation measures can result.
Another disadvantage of the conventional methods is the occurrence of a reinforcement gap on the front formwork. This gap must be closed by adding reinforcements, whereby overlaps in the reinforcement are necessary, which require additional material and cause additional costs
Die Erfindung sieht daher folgende Maßnahmen vor, die es erlauben, auch
Tunnelgewölbe großen Querschnittes ohne Beschädigung der äußeren
Dichtungsfolien oder unkontrolliertem Brechen von Abstandshaltern zu bauen,
und keine Bewehrungslücke entstehen läßt:
Das Fechten einer Bewehrung oder von Teilen derselben kann auch entfernt von der Schalung z.B. auf einer Schablone erfolgen. Das entstandene Flechtwerk wird danach auf die Schalung übertragen.
Durch die Aufteilung der Schalung in Kalottenbereich und Seitenteile und Bewehrung der abgesenkten Kalottenschalung von oben erreicht man auch eine Verringerung der Last auf den Abstandshaltern, da die Armierung auf der Kalottenschalung nur in etwa die Dimension der Kalotte hat. Außerdem sind die auf die Abstandshalter wirkenden Kräfte schon deswegen geringer, weil sie sich nur aus Gewichtskräften zusammensetzen und beim Hochfahren der Schalung keine oder nur geringe Anpreßkräfte wirksam werden, da die Bewehrung, auf der Schalung liegend und sehr leicht zugänglich, genau der Schalung und der Decke angepaßt ist.
In einer besonders günstigen Durchführung des Verfahrens wird das Bewehren der Kalottenschalung auf einem Schalungsträger räumlich von der später zu erfolgenden Deckenbetonierung getrennt in aller Sorgfalt durchgeführt, während ein weiterer Träger mit bereits bewehrter Schalung gerade im Einsatz bei der Betonierung ist. Nach Abschluß der Betonierarbeiten wird diese Schalung abgesenkt und in Bewehrungsposition gebracht, während die in der Zwischenzeit bewehrte zweite Schalung an ihren Bestimmungsort gefahren, angehoben und der entstehende Zwischenraum mit Beton verfüllt wird. Durch die Verwendung von (mindestens) zwei Schalungen ist also eine wechselweise Bewehrung und Betonierung möglich, die zu einer erhöhten Tunnelbaugeschwindigkeit führt.
Fencing a reinforcement or parts of it can also be done away from the formwork, for example on a template. The resulting wattle is then transferred to the formwork.
By dividing the formwork into the calotte area and side parts and reinforcing the lowered calotte formwork from above, the load on the spacers is also reduced, since the reinforcement on the calotte formwork is only roughly the same size as the calotte. In addition, the forces acting on the spacers are lower, because they are composed only of weight forces and no or only small contact forces are effective when the formwork is raised, because the reinforcement, lying on the formwork and very easily accessible, exactly the formwork and the Ceiling is adjusted.
In a particularly favorable implementation of the method, the reinforcement of the calotte formwork on a formwork support is carried out with great care, spatially separated from the slab concrete to be made later, while another girder with already reinforced formwork is currently being used for the concreting. After the concreting work has been completed, this formwork is lowered and brought into the reinforcement position, while the second formwork, which has been reinforced in the meantime, is moved to its destination, raised and the resulting space is filled with concrete. By using (at least) two formworks, alternate reinforcement and concreting is possible, which leads to increased tunneling speed.
Das oben am Beispiel des Tunnelbaus beschriebene Verfahren ist nicht auf den Tunnelbau beschränkt, sondern läßt sich in vielen anderen Fällen anwenden, in denen Raumprobleme beim Armieren von Schalungen auftreten. Durch Aufteilen der Schalung in eine Oberseite und eine Unterseite, die in räumlichem Abstand zur Oberseite armiert und erst dann an die Endposition gefahren wird, wo sie mit der Oberseite zusammen die komplette Schalung ergibt, lassen sich daher z.B. auch normale Deckenkonstruktionen oder Brückenbögen bauen.The procedure described above using the example of tunnel construction is not applicable limits tunnel construction, but can be used in many other cases, in which space problems occur when formwork is reinforced. By dividing the formwork into a top and a bottom, which in spatial distance to the top and only then to the end position is driven to where it is together with the top of the complete formwork results, e.g. also normal ceiling constructions or Build bridge arches.
Die in der vorhergehenden Beschreibung verwendete Kalottenschalung stellt daher eigentlich eine Schalungsunterseite dar. In den Ansprüchen ist daher allgemein nur von Schalungsunterseite und Schalungsoberseite die Rede.The dome formwork used in the previous description provides therefore actually formwork underside. In the claims is therefore generally only from the underside of the formwork and the top of the formwork.
Claims (13)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bewehrung oder Teile derselben entfernt von der Schalungsunterseite geflochten wird und das Flechtwerk anschließend auf die Schalungsunterseite aufgelegt wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the reinforcement or parts thereof are braided remotely from the underside of the formwork and the wattle is then placed on the underside of the formwork.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Decke eines gebohrten Tunnels als Schalungsoberseite verwendet wird. Method according to at least one of claims 1 and 2,
characterized in that the ceiling of a drilled tunnel is used as the top of the formwork.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine mit Spritzbeton beschichtete Tunneldecke als Schalungsoberseite verwendet wird.Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that a tunnel ceiling coated with shotcrete is used as the top of the formwork.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unter der Schalungsoberseite zusätzlich eine Folie, bevorzugt eine Dichtungsfolie, angebracht wird.Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that a film, preferably a sealing film, is additionally attached under the formwork top.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die den Abstand des Bewehrungsmaterials zur Schalungsoberseite gewährleistenden Abstandshalter auf dem Bewehrungsmaterial im abgesenkten Zustand der Schalungsunterseite angebracht werden.Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the spacers ensuring the spacing of the reinforcement material from the top of the formwork are attached to the reinforcement material in the lowered state of the bottom of the formwork.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für sich mehrfach wiederholende Deckenbetonierungen mindestens zwei Schalungsunterseiten eingesetzt werden, so daß, während sich die eine im Verfahrensschritt des Betonierens befindet, die andere/anderen mit Bewehrungsmaterial bestückt werden kann/können.Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that at least two undersides of the formwork are used for repetitive concrete slabs, so that while one is in the process step of concreting, the other / others can / can be equipped with reinforcement material.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schalungsunterseiten auf verfahrbaren oder versetzbaren Trägern gelagert oder auswechselbar montiert sind, und diese Träger nach oben gefahren oder abgesenkt werden können.Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that the undersides of the formwork are mounted on movable or displaceable supports or are interchangeably mounted, and these supports can be moved up or down.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im wesentlichen der folgend beschriebene sich zyklisch wiederholende Hergang erfolgt:
characterized in that essentially the following cyclically repeating process takes place:
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Bewehrungsmaterial Stahl in Form von Matten Stäben oder Bögen verwendet wird.Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that steel is used as reinforcing material in the form of matt bars or arches.
gekennzeichnet durch eine auf einem verfahr- oder versetzbaren, in der Höhe verstellbaren Träger gelagerte oder montierte Schalungsunterseite.Device for carrying out the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized by a formwork underside mounted or mounted on a movable or displaceable, height-adjustable beam.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schalungsunterseite auf dem verfahr- oder versetzbaren, in der Höhe verstellbaren Träger austauschbar gelagert oder montiert ist.Device for carrying out the method according to claim 11,
characterized in that the underside of the formwork is interchangeably mounted or mounted on the movable or displaceable, height-adjustable support.
gekennzeichnet durch zwei Vorrichtungen nach Anspruch 12 und mindestens einen zusätzlichen verfahr- oder versetzbaren, höhenverstellbaren Träger für das Bewehrungsmaterial, welcher aufgrund seiner geringeren Dimensionen unter mindestens einer der Vorrichtungen nach Anspruch 12 Platz findet.Device for carrying out the method according to claim 9,
characterized by two devices according to claim 12 and at least one additional movable or displaceable, height-adjustable support for the reinforcement material, which due to its smaller dimensions can be accommodated under at least one of the devices according to claim 12.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19709336 | 1997-03-07 | ||
DE19709336A DE19709336C2 (en) | 1997-03-07 | 1997-03-07 | Process for concreting reinforced vaults or ceilings in tunnel construction |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0863294A1 true EP0863294A1 (en) | 1998-09-09 |
EP0863294B1 EP0863294B1 (en) | 2005-06-08 |
Family
ID=7822543
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98103420A Expired - Lifetime EP0863294B1 (en) | 1997-03-07 | 1998-02-27 | Method and device for the industrial construction of reinforced ceiling structures |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0863294B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE297498T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19709336C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1111186B1 (en) | 1999-12-20 | 2006-03-01 | Ed. Züblin Ag | Method of reinforcing arches |
DE10023798C2 (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2003-08-14 | Marcus Wruck | Support plate with extendable and retractable support plate with a fully automatic device for inserting reinforced shotcrete |
DE10135748C1 (en) * | 2001-07-21 | 2002-08-22 | Walter Bau Ag | Reinforced concrete tunnel lining formation device has positioning carriage between concrete reinforcement carriage and shuttering carriage |
AT501450B1 (en) * | 2004-10-25 | 2010-09-15 | Monai Bernhard Dipl Ing | METHOD AND CEILING ELEMENT FOR PRODUCING AN INTERMEDIATE CEILING IN A TUNNEL |
DE102004060653B4 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2007-06-21 | Doka Industrie Gmbh | Formwork arrangement and method for constructing a formwork arrangement |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1064710B (en) * | 1954-08-19 | 1959-09-03 | Josef Boessner | Formwork equipment for concreting barrel vaults, tunnels, galleries or shafts |
US4407609A (en) * | 1980-11-20 | 1983-10-04 | White Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Apparatus and method for providing negative buoyancy for tunnel forms |
JPS63229385A (en) * | 1987-03-18 | 1988-09-26 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Gas flow velocity measuring apparatus at blast furnace gate |
GB2262128A (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1993-06-09 | John Gillespie | Tunnel shuttering |
FR2691204A1 (en) * | 1992-05-13 | 1993-11-19 | Al Cant Coffrages | Shuttering system, esp for lining excavated tunnel with concrete - comprises supporting structure, fixed upper vault and hinged side partitions operated by power cylinders |
DE19509315C1 (en) * | 1995-03-15 | 1996-05-09 | Hermann Ing Grad Breucha | Concrete post-treatment during tunnel concretion |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2323811A1 (en) * | 1973-05-11 | 1974-12-05 | Rheinstahl Ag | SUPPORTING FRAME FOR WALKING FRAMES FOR DRIVE WORK |
DE2436088C2 (en) * | 1974-07-24 | 1984-09-27 | Peiner Maschinen- Und Schraubenwerke Ag, 3150 Peine | Movable space formwork |
-
1997
- 1997-03-07 DE DE19709336A patent/DE19709336C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-02-27 DE DE59812843T patent/DE59812843D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-02-27 EP EP98103420A patent/EP0863294B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-27 AT AT98103420T patent/ATE297498T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1064710B (en) * | 1954-08-19 | 1959-09-03 | Josef Boessner | Formwork equipment for concreting barrel vaults, tunnels, galleries or shafts |
US4407609A (en) * | 1980-11-20 | 1983-10-04 | White Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Apparatus and method for providing negative buoyancy for tunnel forms |
JPS63229385A (en) * | 1987-03-18 | 1988-09-26 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Gas flow velocity measuring apparatus at blast furnace gate |
GB2262128A (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1993-06-09 | John Gillespie | Tunnel shuttering |
FR2691204A1 (en) * | 1992-05-13 | 1993-11-19 | Al Cant Coffrages | Shuttering system, esp for lining excavated tunnel with concrete - comprises supporting structure, fixed upper vault and hinged side partitions operated by power cylinders |
DE19509315C1 (en) * | 1995-03-15 | 1996-05-09 | Hermann Ing Grad Breucha | Concrete post-treatment during tunnel concretion |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 013, no. 032 (P - 817) 25 January 1989 (1989-01-25) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0863294B1 (en) | 2005-06-08 |
DE59812843D1 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
DE19709336C2 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
ATE297498T1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
DE19709336A1 (en) | 1998-03-12 |
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