EP0814641A1 - Arrangement for transmitting electric energy from a furnace transformer to the electrodes of a three-phase electric furnace - Google Patents

Arrangement for transmitting electric energy from a furnace transformer to the electrodes of a three-phase electric furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0814641A1
EP0814641A1 EP97108078A EP97108078A EP0814641A1 EP 0814641 A1 EP0814641 A1 EP 0814641A1 EP 97108078 A EP97108078 A EP 97108078A EP 97108078 A EP97108078 A EP 97108078A EP 0814641 A1 EP0814641 A1 EP 0814641A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductor
current phase
phase
arrangement according
furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97108078A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Christof Dipl.-Ing. Dratner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KM Europa Metal AG
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KM Europa Metal AG
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Publication of EP0814641A1 publication Critical patent/EP0814641A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • H05B7/11—Arrangements for conducting current to the electrode terminals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
    • F27D11/08—Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for transmitting the electrical energy from a furnace transformer to the electrodes of a three-phase arc furnace held by coplanar support arms.
  • a high-current line consisting of at least one, as a rule, water-cooled pipe made of copper or another highly conductive material for symmetrization within the high-current system, on the middle support arm.
  • a high-current line consisting of at least one, as a rule, water-cooled pipe made of copper or another highly conductive material for symmetrization within the high-current system.
  • the middle support arm is bent upwards, resulting in a so-called triangulated arrangement with which inductive symmetry can be achieved.
  • the triangulated arrangement of the support arms has some significant disadvantages.
  • a disadvantage is the high weight of the middle arm compared to the weight of the two outer arms.
  • Another disadvantage is the resulting increased weight of the the central support arm supporting lifting column in relation to the outer lifting columns. This uneven weight distribution results in an extremely uneconomical operation of the three-phase arc furnace.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an arrangement for transmitting the electrical energy from a furnace transformer to the electrodes of a three-phase arc furnace held by coplanar support arms, which in the middle phase have a noticeably lower weight compared to a triangulated one Arrangement.
  • An advantageous insulation for the conductor of the middle current phase is that insulating webs, e.g. three or four insulating bars, distance the conductor to the support arm. Instead of the insulating bars, an insulating tube can also be used.
  • the cross section of the insulated conductor of the middle current phase can in principle be formed arbitrarily, possibly consisting of several individual parts, an advantageous embodiment is seen in the features of claim 4.
  • the conductor of the middle current phase is then designed in particular as a high-current tube with a round cross section.
  • the support arms consist of a rectangular profile matching cross-section.
  • a drawn square profile can be used as a rectangular profile.
  • the rectangular profile is preferably welded together from individual sheets.
  • the conductor of the outer current phases that is, the support arms can be cooled with water or air or placed under forced ventilation.
  • FIG. 1 in FIG. 1 denotes a furnace transformer for a three-phase arc furnace that is otherwise not shown in detail.
  • the transformer lead 2 is guided through a wall 3.
  • three hanging high-current cables 4 are connected, which, as can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, lead to the coplanar support arms 5, 6 and 7 for the electrodes 8, 9, 10 made of graphite.
  • the support arms 5, 6, 7 carried by lifting columns 11 are made of aluminum and have a square cross section.
  • the electrodes 8, 9, 10 are supported at the ends of the support arms 5, 6, 7 by means of copper contact jaws 12 and clamping brackets 13.
  • the conductor 14 of the middle current phase has a geometric diameter which is smaller by a factor of 4 than the conductor 5, 7 of the two outer current phases.
  • the conductor 14 of the middle current phase can be cooled with water.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

The power transmitting system has electrodes (8,9,10) held by coplanar carrying arms (5,6,7) of an AC electric arc furnace, of which the carrying arm (6) for the middle current phase is made of aluminium, or of a material of similar permeability. It includes at least one high current tube made of electrically good conducting material. The insulated conductor (14) of the middle current phase, located in the carrying arm, has a smaller geometric diameter to the conductors of the outer current phases arranged passing through the two other carrying arms (5, 7). The conductor (14) of the middle current phase is distanced from the carrying arm (6) by insulating webs (15).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zur Übertragung der elektrischen Energie von einem Ofentransformator zu den von koplanaren Tragarmen gehaltenen Elektroden eines Drehstrom-Lichtbogenofens.The invention relates to an arrangement for transmitting the electrical energy from a furnace transformer to the electrodes of a three-phase arc furnace held by coplanar support arms.

Es zählt zum Stand der Technik, eine Hochstromleitung, bestehend aus mindestens einem in der Regel wassergekühlten Rohr aus Kupfer oder einem anderen gut leitenden Material zur Symmetrierung innerhalb des Hochstromsystems erhöht auf dem mittleren Tragarm anzubringen. Ferner ist es bekannt, bei der Verwendung von Strom führenden Tragarmen die Symmetrierung durch Abknicken des mittleren Tragarms in eine erhöhte Lage oder durch zusätzliche Montage von Symmetrierungsschleifen auf den Tragarmen bzw. auf der Transformatorenableitung zu erreichen (EP 0 184 140). In der Mehrzahl der in der Praxis zum Einsatz gelangten Fälle wird aber der mittlere Tragarm nach oben abgeknickt, wodurch eine sogenannte triangulierte Anordnung entsteht, mit der eine induktive Symmetrierung ereichbar ist.It is part of the state of the art to mount a high-current line, consisting of at least one, as a rule, water-cooled pipe made of copper or another highly conductive material for symmetrization within the high-current system, on the middle support arm. Furthermore, when using current-carrying arms, it is known to achieve symmetry by kinking the middle arm into an elevated position or by additionally mounting symmetry loops on the arms or on the transformer lead (EP 0 184 140). In the majority of cases used in practice, however, the middle support arm is bent upwards, resulting in a so-called triangulated arrangement with which inductive symmetry can be achieved.

Mit der triangulierten Anordnung der Tragarme sind jedoch einige erhebliche Nachteile verbunden. Ein Nachteil ist das hohe Gewicht des mittleren Tragarms im Vergleich zu dem Gewicht der beiden äußeren Tragarme. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist das in diesem Zusammenhang sich ergebende erhöhte Gewicht der den mittleren Tragarm unterstützenden Hubsäule in Relation zu den äußeren Hubsäulen. Aus dieser ungleichen Gewichtsverteilung resultiert eine extrem unwirtschaftliche Arbeitsweise des Drehstrom-Lichtbogenofens.However, the triangulated arrangement of the support arms has some significant disadvantages. A disadvantage is the high weight of the middle arm compared to the weight of the two outer arms. Another disadvantage is the resulting increased weight of the the central support arm supporting lifting column in relation to the outer lifting columns. This uneven weight distribution results in an extremely uneconomical operation of the three-phase arc furnace.

Im Rahmen theoretischer Überlegungen ist es zur Symmetrierung der Reaktanzen von Drehstrom-Lichtbogenöfen auch bekannt ["elektrowärme international" 49 (1991) B4, November, Seiten B201 bis B211], die Durchmesser unterschiedlich groß zu gestalten (modifiziert koplanare Anordnung). Obwohl die Verwendung von koplanaren Stromleitern in den ersten Jahrzehnten der Verwendung von Drehstrom-Lichtbogenöfen üblich war, kennt die Praxis jedoch bislang in der genannten Ausführung keine voll symmetrierte koplanare Leitungsführung im Drehstromsystem.Within the framework of theoretical considerations, it is also known for the symmetry of the reactances of three-phase electric arc furnaces ["elektrowärme international" 49 (1991) B4, November, pages B201 to B211] to design the diameters differently (modified coplanar arrangement). Although the use of coplanar current conductors was common in the first decades of the use of three-phase arc furnaces, in practice, however, no fully symmetrical coplanar cable routing in the three-phase system has been known in this embodiment.

Der Erfindung liegt ausgehend vom Stand der Technik die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Anordnung zur Übertragung der elektrischen Energie von einem Ofentransformator zu den von koplanaren Tragarmen gehaltenen Elektroden eines Drehstrom-Lichtbogenofens zu schaffen, die in der mittleren Phase ein merklich geringeres Gewicht im Vergleich zu einer triangulierten Anordnung besitzt.Based on the prior art, the invention has for its object to provide an arrangement for transmitting the electrical energy from a furnace transformer to the electrodes of a three-phase arc furnace held by coplanar support arms, which in the middle phase have a noticeably lower weight compared to a triangulated one Arrangement.

Was die Lösung dieser Aufgabe gemäß Anspruch 1 betrifft, so geht diese von dem rechnerisch nachweisbaren Sachverhalt aus, daß eine koplanare Leitungsführung im Drehstromsystem voll symmetriert ist, wenn der geometrische Mittelradius des Leiters der mittleren Stromphase kleiner als der geometrische Mittelradius des Leiters der beiden äußeren Stromphasen bemessen wird. Aufbauend auf diese Kenntnis wird jetzt der Leiter der mittleren Stromphase mit einem kleineren geometrischen Durchmesser als der der beiden Außenphasen versehen und in einem Tragarm isoliert untergebracht, der aus Aluminium oder aus einem Material mit einer ähnlichen Permeabilität besteht. Diese Maßnahmen führen bei einem auf die Phasen gleichmäßig verteilten geringen Gewicht für die Tragarme und die ihnen zugeordneten Hubsäulen zu einer einwandfreien induktiven Symmetrierung bei koplanarer Anordnung der Tragarme. Auf diese Weise ist es nunmehr möglich, auch für große Ofenleistungen statt der üblichen dreieckförmigen Leitungsführung zur Reaktanzsymmetrierung die koplanare Leitungsführung anzuwenden, womit als besonders hervorzuhebende Vorteile ein geringerer Raumbedarf und durch das verringerte Gewicht eine gleichmäßigere und schnellere Regelung der Reaktanz der Tragarme erreicht werden.As far as the solution of this problem according to claim 1 is concerned, this is based on the arithmetically verifiable fact that a coplanar line routing in the three-phase system is fully symmetrical if the geometric mean radius of the conductor of the middle current phase is smaller than the geometric mean radius of the conductor of the two outer current phases is measured. Based on this knowledge, the conductor of the middle current phase is now provided with a smaller geometric diameter than that of the two outer phases and is insulated in a support arm made of aluminum or consists of a material with a similar permeability. These measures lead to a perfect inductive symmetry with a coplanar arrangement of the support arms while the weight for the support arms and the lifting columns assigned to them is evenly distributed over the phases. In this way, it is now possible to use the coplanar cable routing instead of the usual triangular cable routing for reactance balancing, even for large furnace capacities, which is particularly noteworthy as it takes up less space and, thanks to the reduced weight, regulates the reactance of the support arms more evenly and quickly.

Eine vorteilhafte Isolierung für den Leiter der mittleren Stromphase besteht nach den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 2 darin, daß Isolierstege, z.B. drei oder vier Isolierstege, den Leiter zum Tragarm distanzieren. Statt der Isolierstege kann auch ein Isolierrohr zur Anwendung gelangen.An advantageous insulation for the conductor of the middle current phase according to the features of claim 2 is that insulating webs, e.g. three or four insulating bars, distance the conductor to the support arm. Instead of the insulating bars, an insulating tube can also be used.

Mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 3 wird eine gleich große Strangreaktanz bei koplanarer Verlegung erzielt.With the features of claim 3, an equal strand reactance is achieved with coplanar laying.

Obwohl der Querschnitt des isoliert gelagerten Leiters der mittleren Stromphase im Prinzip beliebig, ggf. aus mehreren Einzelteilen bestehend, ausgebildet sein kann, wird eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform in den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 4 erblickt. Danach ist der Leiter der mittleren Stromphase insbesondere als Hochstromrohr mit einem runden Querschnitt gestaltet.Although the cross section of the insulated conductor of the middle current phase can in principle be formed arbitrarily, possibly consisting of several individual parts, an advantageous embodiment is seen in the features of claim 4. The conductor of the middle current phase is then designed in particular as a high-current tube with a round cross section.

Entsprechend den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 5 bestehen die Tragarme aus einem Rechteckprofil übereinstimmenden Querschnitts. Als Rechteckprofil kann ein gezogenes quadratisches Profil zur Anwendung gelangen. Bevorzugt wird jedoch das Rechteckprofil aus Einzelblechen zusammengeschweißt.According to the features of claim 5, the support arms consist of a rectangular profile matching cross-section. A drawn square profile can be used as a rectangular profile. However, the rectangular profile is preferably welded together from individual sheets.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann es gemäß den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 6 bei Bedarf sinnvoll sein, eine Wasserkühlung nur für den Leiter der mittleren Stromphase vorzusehen.In a further embodiment of the invention, it may be expedient, according to the features of claim 6, to provide water cooling only for the conductor of the middle current phase.

Der Leiter der äußeren Stromphasen, das heißt die Tragarme können entsprechend Anspruch 7 mit Wasser oder Luft gekühlt oder unter eine Zwangsbelüftung gestellt werden.The conductor of the outer current phases, that is, the support arms can be cooled with water or air or placed under forced ventilation.

Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
in schematischer Seitenansicht einen Ofentransformator mit Transformatorableitung und Hochstromkabel;
Figur 2
in vergrößerter Darstellung im vertikalen Längsschnitt einen Tragarm mit Elektrode, Hubsäule und Hochstromkabel und
Figur 3
drei koplanar angeordnete Tragarme mit abschnittsweise dargestellten Elektroden.
The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. Show it:
Figure 1
a schematic side view of an oven transformer with transformer derivative and high current cable;
Figure 2
in an enlarged view in vertical longitudinal section a support arm with electrode, lifting column and high current cable and
Figure 3
three coplanar support arms with electrodes shown in sections.

Mit 1 ist in der Figur 1 ein Ofentransformator für einen ansonsten nicht näher dargestellten Drehstrom-Lichtbogenofen bezeichnet. Die Transformatorableitung 2 ist durch eine Wand 3 geführt. Am Ende der Transformatorableitung 2 sind drei hängend verlegte Hochstromkabel 4 angeschlossen, die, wie die Figuren 2 und 3 zu erkennen geben, zu den koplanar angeordneten Tragarmen 5, 6 und 7 für die Elektroden 8, 9, 10 aus Graphit führen.1 in FIG. 1 denotes a furnace transformer for a three-phase arc furnace that is otherwise not shown in detail. The transformer lead 2 is guided through a wall 3. At the end of the transformer lead 2, three hanging high-current cables 4 are connected, which, as can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, lead to the coplanar support arms 5, 6 and 7 for the electrodes 8, 9, 10 made of graphite.

Die von Hubsäulen 11 getragenen Tragarme 5, 6, 7 bestehen aus Aluminium und weisen einen quadratischen Querschnitt auf. Endseitig der Tragarme 5, 6, 7 sind mittels Kupferkontaktbacken 12 und Spannbügel 13 die Elektroden 8, 9, 10 gelagert.The support arms 5, 6, 7 carried by lifting columns 11 are made of aluminum and have a square cross section. The electrodes 8, 9, 10 are supported at the ends of the support arms 5, 6, 7 by means of copper contact jaws 12 and clamping brackets 13.

Während die mit Wasser oder Luft kühlbaren bzw. zwangsbelüfteten Tragarme 5, 7 den Leiter der beiden äußeren Stromphasen bilden, ist aus den Figuren 2 und 3 erkennbar, daß in den mittleren Tragarm 6 ein rundes Hochstromrohr aus Kupfer als Leiter 14 zentrisch eingegliedert und durch Isolierstege 15 gegenüber dem Tragarm 6 distanziert ist. Der Leiter 14 der mittleren Stromphase hat einen um den Faktor 4 kleineren geometrischen Durchmesser als der Leiter 5, 7 der beiden äußeren Stromphasen.While the water or air coolable or force-ventilated support arms 5, 7 form the conductor of the two outer current phases, it can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3 that in the middle support arm 6 a round high-current tube made of copper as conductor 14 is incorporated centrally and by insulating webs 15 is spaced from the support arm 6. The conductor 14 of the middle current phase has a geometric diameter which is smaller by a factor of 4 than the conductor 5, 7 of the two outer current phases.

Der Leiter 14 der mittleren Stromphase kann mit Wasser gekühlt werden.The conductor 14 of the middle current phase can be cooled with water.

BezugszeichenaufstellungList of reference symbols

11
- Ofentransformator- furnace transformer
22nd
- Transformatorableitung- transformer derivation
33rd
- Wand- wall
44th
- Hochstromkabel- high current cable
55
- Tragarm- Beam
66
- Tragarm- Beam
77
- Tragarm- Beam
88th
- Elektrode- electrode
99
- Elektrode- electrode
1010th
- Elektrode- electrode
1111
- Hubsäule- lifting column
1212th
- Kupferkontaktbacke- copper contact jaw
1313
- Spannbügel- clamp
1414
- Leiter- Ladder
1515
- Isolierstege- Insulating bars

Claims (7)

Anordnung zur Übertragung der elektrischen Energie von einem Ofentransformator (1) zu den von koplanaren Tragarmen (5, 6, 7) gehaltenen Elektroden (8, 9, 10) eines Drehstrom-Lichtbogenofens, bei welcher der Tragarm (6) für die mittlere Stromphase aus Aluminium oder aus einem Material ähnlicher Permeabilität gebildet ist und der aus mindestens einem Hochstromrohr aus elektrisch gut leitendem Material bestehende, in diesem Tragarm (6) isoliert gelagerte Leiter (14) der mittleren Stromphase einen kleineren geometrischen Durchmesser als der durch die beiden anderen Tragarme (5, 7) gebildete Leiter der äußeren Stromphasen aufweist.Arrangement for the transmission of electrical energy from a furnace transformer (1) to the electrodes (8, 9, 10) of a three-phase arc furnace held by coplanar support arms (5, 6, 7), in which the support arm (6) for the middle current phase Aluminum or a material of similar permeability is formed and the conductor (14) of the middle current phase, which is composed of at least one high-current tube made of electrically highly conductive material and is insulated in this support arm (6), has a smaller geometric diameter than that of the other two support arms (5 , 7) formed conductors of the outer current phases. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leiter (14) der mittleren Stromphase durch Isolierstege (15) zum Tragarm (6) distanziert ist.Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductor (14) of the middle current phase is spaced from the support arm (6) by insulating webs (15). Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der geometrische Durchmesser des Leiters (14) der mittleren Stromphase um etwa den Faktor 4 kleiner als der geometrische Durchmesser des Leiters (5, 7) der äußeren Stromphasen bemessen ist.Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the geometric diameter of the conductor (14) of the middle current phase is dimensioned about 4 times smaller than the geometric diameter of the conductor (5, 7) of the outer current phases. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leiter (14) der mittleren Stromphase einen runden Querschnitt aufweist.Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the conductor (14) of the middle current phase has a round cross section. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Tragarme (5, 6, 7) aus einem Rechteckprofil übereinstimmenden Querschnitts bestehen.Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the support arms (5, 6, 7) consist of a cross-section corresponding to a rectangular profile. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leiter (14) der mittleren Stromphase durch Wasser gekühlt ist.Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the conductor (14) of the middle current phase is cooled by water. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leiter (5, 7) der äußeren Stromphasen durch Wasser oder Luft gekühlt bzw. zwangsbelüftet ist.Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the conductor (5, 7) of the outer current phases is cooled or forced-ventilated by water or air.
EP97108078A 1996-05-30 1997-05-17 Arrangement for transmitting electric energy from a furnace transformer to the electrodes of a three-phase electric furnace Withdrawn EP0814641A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19621672A DE19621672A1 (en) 1996-05-30 1996-05-30 Arrangement for the transmission of electrical energy from a furnace transformer to the electrodes of a three-phase arc furnace
DE19621672 1996-05-30

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0814641A1 true EP0814641A1 (en) 1997-12-29

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EP97108078A Withdrawn EP0814641A1 (en) 1996-05-30 1997-05-17 Arrangement for transmitting electric energy from a furnace transformer to the electrodes of a three-phase electric furnace

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US (1) US5889811A (en)
EP (1) EP0814641A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH1050474A (en)
DE (1) DE19621672A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015108815B3 (en) * 2015-06-03 2016-10-27 Arndt Dung High-current cable for the electrically conductive contacting of a Elektrodentragarms an electrically operated furnace and feeding device for electrically operated stoves

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1565382A1 (en) * 1965-06-10 1970-01-15 Asea Ab Arrangement of the supply lines to the arc furnaces
EP0184140A2 (en) * 1984-11-29 1986-06-11 Fuchs Systemtechnik GmbH Arc furnace
DE4225256A1 (en) * 1992-07-28 1994-02-03 Mannesmann Ag Electrode support device

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2908736A (en) * 1957-06-08 1959-10-13 Demagelektrometallurgie G M B Electrode lead arrangement for three phase electric furnace
DE3106827A1 (en) * 1981-02-24 1982-09-09 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen "ELECTRODE AND LADDER ARRANGEMENT OF A THREE-PHASE ARC FURNACE"

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1565382A1 (en) * 1965-06-10 1970-01-15 Asea Ab Arrangement of the supply lines to the arc furnaces
EP0184140A2 (en) * 1984-11-29 1986-06-11 Fuchs Systemtechnik GmbH Arc furnace
DE4225256A1 (en) * 1992-07-28 1994-02-03 Mannesmann Ag Electrode support device

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JPH1050474A (en) 1998-02-20
DE19621672A1 (en) 1997-12-04
US5889811A (en) 1999-03-30

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