EP0796503B1 - Polarized relay - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a polarized relay having an electromagnet which comprises an exciting coil (2) and a coil core (3) disposed therein. Each end face of the electromagnet bears a permanent magnet (4) which can be displaced along the magnetic axis thereof. The two permanent magnets face the end faces of the electromagnet with like poles. Whilst having a very simple structure with only one exciting coil, this relay is tristable and is suitable in particular for controlling a commutator motor.

Description

The invention relates to a polarized relay according to the Preamble of claim 1.

Such a relay can be used, for example, to control a Commutator motor can be used. This is especially true when the relay has tristable behavior and the three stable states of the relay the motor states "dormant", "clockwise" and "counterclockwise" assigned can be.

A polarized relay is known from DE 32 43 266 C2, that of two with their U-shaped cross-section short legs facing first yokes and of this smaller, second yoke enclosed at a distance consists. It is between the first and the second Jochen a permanent magnet with right angles to the large areas the yoke extending magnetic axis. The second yokes also enclose an excitation coil, the one in the direction of the coil axis, rod-shaped Anchor surrounds both of which are outside the excitation coil lying ends are designed as plates that between the pole faces forming the inner faces of the short Legs of the first yokes and the end faces of the second Yokes are slidable. The anchor consists of two in the Middle of the excitation coil radially divided rod halves, between which a helical compression spring is arranged, whose bias is such that the plates of the Armature in the de-energized state of the excitation coil on the pole faces the short leg of the first yoke should rest while in the current-carrying state of the excitation coil, depending either one or the other from the direction of current flow Plate on the corresponding end faces of the second yoke is present.

This relay shows using only one excitation coil tristable behavior. However, this is a very complex process and complicated structure of the relay connected that next to the excitation coil and its two-part armature one Compression spring, two permanent magnets and four yokes. In addition, the spring force of the Compression spring by the force of the excitation coil Magnetic field are overcome, which is accordingly requires large excitation currents.

DE 35 46 382 A1 describes a polarized electrical Small relay known, which is designed as a double changeover relay is. At the two free ends of a coil core a sheet anchor and reflux elements are arranged. The leaf anchors are held in series by permanent magnets held and lead one when the coil is excited synchronous switching process.

This double changeover relay is only for one mono and bistable operation provided. It also has the Disadvantage that the construction of the reflux elements very much a lot of soft iron is required to ensure safe functioning to ensure the necessary magnetic reflux of the relay.

The invention has for its object a polarized Relay of the type mentioned to create that at Use only one excitation coil tristable behavior shows that it is simple and with as little as possible Excitation currents triggers switching operations and thus to Control of electrical consumers and / or small mechanical, hydraulic or similar actuating devices, particularly suitable for controlling a commutator motor is.

This object is achieved by the Features of claim 1 solved.

The invention is based on the knowledge that a polarized Relay with tristable behavior and simple construction can be created using only one excitation coil can, if on the two ends of an electromagnet, that of the excitation coil and the coil core arranged therein is formed, one along its magnetic Axis displaceable permanent magnet is arranged, wherein the two permanent magnets face the end of the coil core with poles of the same name.

In the de-energized state, the coil core is replaced by the permanent magnets magnetically polarized so that an attractive Interaction between the coil core and each of the there are two permanent magnets. In this stable rest position of the polarized relay are the two permanent magnets with your own, facing the coil core Poles on one end of the coil core, if not by using spacers or a distance between the electromagnet and the two permanent magnets is forced. When the Coil with a direct current acts depending on whose direction in each case on one of the two permanent magnets one attractive and one repulsive on the other magnetic force. The latter becomes repulsive magnetic force at a greater distance from the coil core brought.

In total, three can therefore be used with the relay according to the invention States are realized, d. H. the relay shows tristable Behavior. This is done by using only one Electromagnets and two permanent magnets reached, whereby only slight forces overcome during the switching operations have to be because of the location of the two permanent magnets exclusively through the acting magnetic forces is determined. There are no spring forces or the like on.

The polarized relay according to the invention is therefore suitable for triggering switching processes with low excitation currents, especially for controlling electrical consumers, as well as small mechanical, hydraulic or the like Actuators.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is thereby characterized in that when the excitation coil is de-energized, the two Permanent magnets on each end of the coil core apply and when energizing the coil with a DC current of predetermined strength depending on it Direction of one of the permanent magnets in a predetermined Distance from the coil core can be brought. At this Embodiment of the invention, the switching operations with particularly small magnetic forces are carried out, because the permanent magnets are in the immediate vicinity of the Electromagnets are on and even when de-energized whose front faces are in contact. To ensure a safe Switching process are the permanent magnets and the excitation currents to coordinate with each other.

For attaching relay contacts to the two permanent magnets is at the ends facing away from the coil core Permanent magnets each have a holding plate for the relay contacts intended.

In this case, the relay is preferably designed that attached to the holding plates of the permanent magnets Relay contacts with currentless coil on identical first potentials are switched and that when energized the excitation coil with a direct current depending from the direction of which one of the relay contacts by magnetic repulsion of the associated permanent magnet can be switched to another, second potential.

To ensure safe displacement of the permanent magnets relative to the coil core depending on the acting magnetic forces can be provided that the excitation coil is wound on a base body, in which the coil core is stationary and in which a permanent magnet on the two ends of the coil core faces that in guides of the base body is slidable along its magnetic axis.

The polarized relay according to the invention is in particular for the control device of a commutator motor with a Printed circuit board on which control electronics, the brushes a commutator motor and the polarized relay are usable.

This control device for a commutator motor draws themselves in particular by the simple construction and the small space requirement of the polarized relay, which with only one excitation coil energizes the commutator motor controls. Due to the compact design of the relay, the control electronics for the motor, the polarized relay and the brushes of the commutator motor to save space on one Arrange the circuit board. This also leads to a reduction in Manufacturing costs.

EP 0 474 904 A1 generally describes a commutator gear drive unit known in which an IC chip, two motor relays and the brushes of the commutator motor a circuit board are arranged, however, this arrangement especially due to the use of two motor relays much more complex and space-consuming than that present control device for a commutator motor.

The device according to the invention has compared to the state the technology has the main advantage that through the special simple and compact design of the polarized Relay the control device for the commutator motor as a whole can be produced much cheaper and takes up less space.

Preferred features of the device according to the invention, the affect the design of the polarized relay as such, result from the features of subclaims 8 until 10.

The necessary contact between those on the circuit board arranged brushes of the commutator motor and the commutator is made possible, for example, by the circuit board has a recess in which the commutator is arranged and in which the brushes of the commutator motor protrude into it. The brushes can be countered with compression springs the commutator are pressed.

A particularly compact arrangement of the control for one Commutator motor on a circuit board is possible if the polarized relay right next to the brushes of the Commutator motor is arranged.

It can in particular be provided that the design of the polarized relay so to the course of the wall of the Recess for the commutator is adapted that the outer Contour of the relay at least in a section along the Wall of the recess runs. Due to the simple structure of the relay according to the invention, this is with a suitable design of its components (in particular base body and Coil core) possible even if the wall of the recess has a curvature in said section.

Fig. 1 -

einen Längsschnitt durch ein polarisiertes Relais nach der Erfindung bei stromloser Erregerspule;

Fig. 2 -

das polarisierte Relais gemäß Fig. 1 mit einer von einem Erregerstrom in einer ersten Richtung durchflossenen Erregerspule;

Fig. 3 -

das polarisierte Relais gemäß Fig. 1 mit einer Erregerspule, die von einem Erregerstrom in entgegengesetzter Richtung zur Flußrichtung gemäß Fig. 2 durchflossenen wird und

Fig. 4 -

eine auf einer Leiterplatte angeordnete Steuervorrichtung für einen Kommutatormotor mit einem in der Nähe der Bürsten angeordneten polarisierten Relais.

The idea on which the invention is based will be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1 -

a longitudinal section through a polarized relay according to the invention with de-energized excitation coil;

Fig. 2 -

1 with an excitation coil through which an excitation current flows in a first direction;

Fig. 3 -

1 with an excitation coil which is flowed through by an excitation current in the opposite direction to the flow direction according to FIG. 2 and

Fig. 4 -

a control device arranged on a printed circuit board for a commutator motor with a polarized relay arranged near the brushes.

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention polarized relays. On a base body 1 is one Excitation coil 2 wrapped in a soft iron core as the coil core 3 is arranged stationary. The excitation coil 2 and the coil core 3 thus form an electromagnet. To the two end faces 31, 32 of the coil core 3 is in each case one Permanent magnet 4 and 5 in guides 12 and 13 of the base body 1 along its magnetic axis (A) stored. The permanent magnets 4 and 5 are each one end face 31 or 32 of the coil core 3 with the same name Facing Poland (N). At the coil core 3 facing away Ends (south poles S) of the permanent magnets 4, 5 is in each case a holding plate 6, 7 for the two-part relay contacts 8, 9 attached. The relay contacts 8, 9 can be flexible Copper strands 10, 11 for example with the brushes a commutator motor to be conductively connected.

1, the two connections 20, 21 are Excitation coil 2 at the same potential (-), so that the Excitation coil 2 is de-energized. The coil core 3 is then magnetically polarized by the permanent magnets 4, 5, that an attractive magnetic interaction between the coil core 3 and the permanent magnets 4, 5 consists. Therefore, both permanent magnets 4, 5 are with their the coil core 3 facing pole (N) on one of each End faces 31, 32 of the coil core 3. The on the holding plates 6, 7 attached relay contacts 8 and 9 are then with the stationary load contacts 23 and 24 in contact, the are both at negative potential (-). Thereby are also the relay contacts 8, 9 and the associated flexible copper strands 10, 11 switched to the same potential and one connected to the copper strands 10, 11 Consumers would not be energized.

Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 also show the embodiment of a polarized relay according to FIG. 1, where now however, the connections 20, 21 of the excitation coil 2 different potentials and the excitation coil 2 is flowed through by a direct current. Because the construction of the polarized relay already detailed in FIG. 1 has been described in Figures 2 and 3 of the For the sake of clarity, only some of the components of the polarized Provide relays with reference symbols.

2, there is the connection 20 of the excitation coil 2 on negative (-) and their connection 21 on positive Potential (+). The excitation coil 2 is then powered by a current flowed through in such a way that the end face 31 of the coil core acts as the North Pole (N) while on the other Front 32 forms a south pole (S). Because both permanent magnets 4, 5 facing the coil core 3 with its north pole (N) are, it means that the permanent magnet 4 of the end face 31 of the coil core 3 is repelled. Here the permanent magnet 5 remains in its position and its Situation is stabilized by a greater attraction. As a result, the relay contact 8 comes in with the load contact 22 Contact and will accordingly have a positive potential (+) switched. In contrast, the relay contact 9 remains at its negative potential (-).

Because of the triggered by the energization of the excitation coil 2 Switching process are the two flexible Copper strands 10 and 11 now at different potentials (+) or (-), so that a connected to these strands Commutator motor would cause itself to go into a certain Direction to turn.

3 is to the connections 20, 21 of the excitation coil 2 applied the voltage opposite to FIG. 2. The Excitation coil 2 is then flowed through by a current such that the end face 31 of the coil core as the south pole (S) acts while on the other end 32 North pole (N) forms. This means that the permanent magnet 5 is repelled from the end face 32 of the coil core 3. As a result, the relay contact 9 comes in with the load contact 25 Contact and is switched to a positive potential (+). The relay contact 8 is in contrast to a negative Potential (-) switched, since the permanent magnet 4 of the coil core 3 is magnetically attracted and therefore with its north pole (N) on the end face 31 of the coil core 3 is present.

The potential difference between the flexible copper strands 10, 11 is opposite to the previous case according to Fig. 2 and a commutator motor connected to these strands would turn in the opposite direction.

In Fig. 4, the control device of a commutator motor shown in which a polarized relay 100 for control the motor is used and its components save space are arranged on a circuit board 50. This compact Construction is primarily due to the particularly simple Structure of the polarized relay allows.

The circuit board 50, which is about twice as long as it is wide in its longitudinal direction essentially decays into two sections, one of which is the control electronics 50 and the other with the brushes 52, 53 of the commutator motor and the polarized relay 100, with its Help the energization of the brushes 52, 53 is controlled, is provided.

The control electronics 51 include, for example, a microprocessor (µC) 61 and an application-specific integrated Circuit (ASIC) 62. The brushes 52, 53 of the Commutator motors are attached to brush holders 58, 59 and protrude into a recess 57 in the circuit board 50, through which the commutator 56 of a commutator motor is guided is. With the help of compression springs 54, 55 the brushes 52, 53 pressed resiliently against the commutator 56.

The clear structural separation of the control and power section reduces the risk of interference caused by electromagnetic fields can be caused and thus increases the electromagnetic compatibility of the Systems.

The brushes 52, 53 are via flexible copper strands 10, 11 with the relay contacts attached to the holding plates 6, 7 8, 9 connected. The polarized relay is 100 immediately adjacent to the recess 57 next to the Commutator 56 arranged and has the same principle Structure and the same functionality as the above Relay described with reference to Figures 1 to 3. The relay 100 differs from that with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 described only in that the base body 1, which the excitation coil 2 is wound, and the coil core 3 have such a curved shape that the to the recess 57 adjacent outer contour of relay 100 at least in a section along the curved wall of the recess 57 runs. The relay can because of its simple Construction and by suitable shaping of the few components, from which it is made, also to other spatial areas Requirements, such as a rounded end section 65 of the circuit board 50 can be adjusted.

By adapting the design of the polarized relay 100 to the shape of the recess 57 for the commutator 56 or other space requirements, if any further space can be saved. To sum up the very compact design of the control device for the Commutator motor primarily achieved in that the polarized relay, with the help of the commutator motor is controlled, only an excitation coil, a coil core and includes two permanent magnets, once from the relay contacts and similar very small components refrains.

The control device therefore enables compared to the state the technology, according to which two relays for controlling a commutator motor are arranged on a circuit board, one significant space and cost savings.

The function of relay 100 in controlling the Powering the brushes 52, 53 and thus the direction of rotation the engine does not need to be explained here again because they have already been described above with reference to FIGS until 3 was shown in detail. In connection with Fig. 4 should only be mentioned that to control the input voltage on the excitation coil 2, through which the switching operations are triggered in the polarized relay 100, the control electronics 51 is used.

The invention is not in its scope illustrated embodiments limited, but can also as a control, actuating and drive device for small mechanical, electromechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or the like. Adjustment devices are used.

Claims (14)

1. Polarised relay with an electromagnet (2, 3) which consists of an exciter coil (2) and a coil core (3) mounted in the exciter coil, more particularly for controlling an electrical end user and/or a movable mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic component part characterised in that a permanent magnet (4,5) displaceable along its magnetic axis (A) is mounted on each of the two end sides (31, 32) of the coil core (3) and that the two permanent magnets (4,5) each face with like poles (N) one of the end sides (31, 32) of the coil core (3).
2. Polarised relay according to claim 1 characterised in that with a currentless exciter coil (2) the two permanent magnets (4,5) each adjoin one end side (31, 32) of the coil core (3) and that when current flows through the coil (2) with a direct current of predetermined intensity in dependence on its direction each one of the permanent magnets (4,5) can be brought by magnetic repulsion into a predetermined distance away from the coil core (3).
3. Polarised relay according to claim 1 or 2 characterised in that a holding plate (6,7) for relay contacts (8,9) is provided at each end of the permanent magnets (4,5) remote from the coil core (3).
4. Polarised relay according to claim 3 characterised in that the relay contacts (8,9) fixed on the holding plates (6,7) of the permanent magnets (4,5) when there is no current in the exciter coil (2) are switched to identical first potentials (-) and that when direct current is supplied to the exciter coil (2) in dependence on its direction each one of the relay contacts (8,9) can be switched by magnetic repulsion of the associated permanent magnet (4,5) to another second potential (+).
5. Polarised relay according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the exciter coil (2) is wound onto a foundation body (1) in which the coil core (3) is fixed locally secured and in which on each of the two end sides (31, 32) of the coil core (3) a permanent magnet (4,5) is mounted which is displaceable along its magnetic axis (A) in guides (12, 13) of the foundation body (1).
6. Polarised relay according to one of the preceding claims characterised in that the relay contacts (8,9) are in conductive connection with the brushes of a commutator motor through flexible copper threads (10,11).
7. Control device for a commutator motor with a conductor plate (50) on which are mounted a control electronics (51), the brushes (52, 53) of a commutator motor and a polarised relay (100) which has the following features:

   (a) an electromagnet which consists of an exciter coil (2) and a coil core (3) mounted in the exciter coil (2);

   (b) two permanent magnets (4, 5) which are mounted displaceable along their magnetic axis (A) at the two end sides (31, 32) of the coil core (3) and which each face with like poles (N) one of the end sides (31, 32) of the coil core (3) and

   (c) two relay contacts (8,9) in conductive connection with the brushes (52, 53) of the commutator motor and which are each associated with one of the permanent magnets (4,5).
8. Device according to claim 7 characterised in that the relay contacts (8,9) with no current in the exciter coil (2) are switched to a first potential (-) and that when direct current is supplied to the exciter coil (2) in dependence on its direction each one of the relay contacts can be switched by magnetic repulsion of the associated permanent magnet (4,5) to another second potential (+).
9. Device according to claim 7 or 8 characterised in that a holding plate (6,7) for each of the relay contacts (8,9) is fixed on the ends of the permanent magnets (4,5) remote from the coil core (3).
10. Device according to one of claims 7 to 9 characterised in that the exciter coil (2) is wound onto a foundation body (1) in which the coil core (3) is fixed locally secured and in which a permanent magnet (4,5) is mounted one each of the two end sides (31, 32) of the coil core (3) wherein the permanent magnets are displaceable along their magnetic axis (A) in guides (12,13) of the foundation body (1).
11. Device according to one of claims 7 to 10 characterised in that the conductor plate (50) has a recess (57) in which the commutator (56) is mounted and into which the brushes (52, 53) of the commutator motor project.
12. Device according to one of claims 7 to 11 characterised in that the polarised relay (100) is mounted directly adjacent the brushes (52, 53) of the commutator motor.
13. Device according to claims 11 and 12 characterised in that the configuration of the polarised relay (100) is adapted to the path of the wall of the recess (57) so that the outer contour of the relay (100) runs at least in one section along the wall of the recess (57).
14. Device according to claim 13 characterised in that the outer contour of the polarised relay (100) has at least a curved section which matches the curvature of the recess (57) .

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