EP0786035A1 - Device for anchoring the foundation of a structure in the ground - Google Patents

Device for anchoring the foundation of a structure in the ground

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Publication number
EP0786035A1
EP0786035A1 EP95934191A EP95934191A EP0786035A1 EP 0786035 A1 EP0786035 A1 EP 0786035A1 EP 95934191 A EP95934191 A EP 95934191A EP 95934191 A EP95934191 A EP 95934191A EP 0786035 A1 EP0786035 A1 EP 0786035A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchor
traction
axis
line
ground
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95934191A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0786035B1 (en
Inventor
Charles-Alain Castola
René LAUGEOIS
Charles Pasqualini
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Tecnivalor
Original Assignee
Tecnivalor
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Publication date
Application filed by Tecnivalor filed Critical Tecnivalor
Publication of EP0786035A1 publication Critical patent/EP0786035A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0786035B1 publication Critical patent/EP0786035B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/803—Ground anchors with pivotable anchoring members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
    • E02D2600/30—Miscellaneous comprising anchoring details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new device for anchoring a structural foundation in the ground.
  • the technical sector of the invention is the field of making anchors that are driven into any terrain, whether from the surface of a ground or an underground gallery wall or other, by threshing. , vibrofonishing, language or other, to a certain depth or distance from said surface, then on which by a pulling device which may be a cable, chain, belt or other deformable rod provided that the connection with the anchor is flexible and / or articulated, a traction is applied from this surface in such a way that said anchor inclines in a position transverse to the direction of traction and then allows it to resist by opposing a maximum surface area of its wing to this traction and thus immobilizing the pulling up to a certain force value of this traction.
  • a pulling device which may be a cable, chain, belt or other deformable rod provided that the connection with the anchor is flexible and / or articulated
  • the main applications are, as in all known devices of the same type, the anchoring of guy stakes, cables, massifs, structural support plates, etc. and more particularly when it is desired to obtain a foundation resistance even in the event of poor tensile strength of the soil alone, then creating a solid mass constituted by the soil itself which is prestressed for this, as taught in patent EP 317458 published on May 24, 1989 and filed by the Company TSI and which also describes the whole technique of implementing an anchoring of a foundation, of which we will not recall here the principles thus known.
  • patent application EP 161190 published on November 13, 1985 of the I.F.P. has a hinged flap on the rear of the anchor wing to initiate blocking more quickly before tilting.
  • a pilot hole has been made with an auger: part of the flap is in the vacuum and its stop action is reduced and delayed.
  • the flap joints break.
  • materials can get caught between the flap and its stop and prevent its movement therefore its function. This brings us back to the previous case.
  • various anchoring systems comprising ribs and fins on the front part of the anchor to facilitate their insertion in the desired direction, combined with articulation systems of the traction point offset from the axis of the anchor being pushed in, on the one hand to release the cable from the driving rod so as not to damage it and on the other hand to facilitate the tilting of the anchor after it is pressed: such device is described for example in patent EP 313936 published on May 3, 1989 of the company FORESIGHT INDUSTRIES INC. , - however, if effectively the control of the direction of driving into the ground is thus better ensured, the pivoting of the anchor itself in the ground is not, at least at the desired depth, and n is not performed reliably.
  • the problem posed is therefore to be able to produce an anchoring device, comprising an anchor and a line of traction, and the implementation of which essentially allows the tilting of the anchor from the desired depth reached to then ensure said anchoring at a depth given and this in any type of terrain, * another objective of the invention is also to achieve the insertion of said anchor in said soil by controlling the direction without risk of great deviation.
  • the anchoring device comprises a piece of guide and support relative to the body of the anchor, of said end of the line between said point of attachment and its axis of traction ZZ ', and said body of the anchor comprises a fin located on the other side of the front wing plane, relative to said guide piece, and makes it possible to initiate more surely the desired tilting.
  • said guide part ensures said offset and is a part of the body of the anchor on which said end of the line or pulling cable is supported, fixed to said point of attachment.
  • said guide piece is constituted by a rigid part which forms the end of the line of traction, which is articulated around said point of attachment and which is supported on the body of the anchor by a spring housed therein and which is compressed in the threshing position , between the rigid end of said line of traction and said body of the anchor.
  • the line of traction can itself be entirely rigid, and therefore in one piece, articulated directly in the body of the anchor, around an attachment point secured to its end such as a pin which can be , either offset with respect to the axis of traction XX ', the end of the rigid part then being bent, or aligned with the latter.
  • said anchor also comprises another protective fin in front of said guide part perpendicular to the plane of the front wing and of a height h relative to it.
  • said fins called protection and tilting respectively are symmetrical with respect to said front wing plane, identical and both located in front of said guide part.
  • one of the great novelties and originalities of the present invention is to clearly define the connection of the end of the anchor line with the anchor itself according to a well-determined position whereas so far all the anchors known on the contrary included flexible and free connections without forced guidance or support because we always sought the alignment of the line of traction and its point of attachment to the anchor as soon as the tension was applied, this absolutely does not make it possible to create a voluntary bearing force R, transverse to the direction of traction ZZ ', as shown in particular in the illustrative Figures 2 and 8 described below, thus allowing according to the present invention an instantaneous pre-tilting of the anchor, either as soon as the traction line is tensioned, or as soon as the threshing rod is removed, whatever the nature of the terrain.
  • the end of the anchor line is always intentionally brought into contact by a guide and support part with the body of the anchor, directly or by a spring.
  • intermediate which part is one of the essential elements of the present invention, while in the known anchor lines, even articulated and offset with respect to the axis of the anchor, it is not transmitted to the body of the anchor as the force aligned in the applied tension direction without causing a transverse reaction force on the anchor.
  • pre-tilt perpendicular to the main sail plane of the anchor, and located on the other side relative to the line of traction.
  • pre-tilt perpendicular to the main sail plane of the anchor, and located on the other side relative to the line of traction.
  • the tilting moment constituted solely by the traction applied to the lever arm formed by the offset of the traction line relative to the axis of the anchor is not sufficient to ensure said tilting according to the terrain encountered as said before, except waiting for a certain rise of the anchor in its hole until the friction allows to obtain a tilting torque, when the rear of the wing has the good fortune to come into abutment .
  • this offset is due to the need to free the axis of penetration of the anchor into the ground to let the threshing rods pass, and various solutions have been proposed, such as those mentioned in the introduction to really ensure tilting, proving that the moment of the above forces is considered insufficient, but these solutions have not given convincing results to date.
  • the addition of another symmetrical fin on the first on the other side of the sail plane allows protection of the anchor line located aft, while helping to guide when the anchor is pushed in. in the ground.
  • the existence of the spring embedded in the body of the anchor and bearing on the end of the anchor line makes it possible to obtain, when it is decided and immediately then, the pre-tilting of said anchor and to accompany the tilting thereof to an angle of the order of 30 °, making it possible to irreversibly obtain the attachment of the rear of the wing in the ground at a determined and desired height, which is all the more necessary when one is at a shallow depth in the ground, and when one wants to obtain optimum resistance to traction; the movement is then independent of the shape of the anchor and makes it possible to give the latter shapes that are all the more favorable for the penetration of the anchor into the ground.
  • FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of an anchoring device according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a device according to Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a simplified view of the same device as that shown in Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view along CC of the device of Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a device according to the invention, according to another embodiment.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view along DD 'of the device of Figure 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a representation of the different tilting phases during the implementation of a device according to FIGS. 1 to 6.
  • Figures 8 to 10 show another embodiment of a device according to the invention:
  • Figure 8 is a longitudinal sectional view along VIII / VIII 'of the top view according to Figure 10 and
  • Figure 9 is a view in section along IX / IX 'of FIG. 8.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 are representations of the operational implementation of a device according to FIGS. 8 to 10.
  • the structure foundation anchoring device in the ground indeed comprises in a known manner an anchor 1 and a traction line 8, which is applied along an axis ZZ '.
  • the body of the anchor 1 is made up of various elements such as in particular a front wing 2 profiled to penetrate the ground and which can be made up of two wings cut at a bevel at their ends and symmetrical on either side of the plane defined by the axes of the traction line ZZ 'and of the direction XX' of penetration of the anchor: said profiled front wing 2 thus allows the anchor to sink into the ground along said axis XX 'thanks to the thrust transmitted by a threshing element 20 which is pressed from the surface of the ground or the wall of the ground in which one wants to penetrate said anchor and which is housed along the axis XX • at the rear of the anchor in a housing 4 provided for this.
  • Said body of the anchor 1 also comprises on either side of this housing 4 a rear wing 3 in the extension of the front wing 2 and of a sufficient surface to allow to oppose the traction effect of the line 8, in the anchoring position, making abutment in the ground and as shown in Figure 7, after the anchor has entered it and after a first tilting step, said abutment being represented by the force F'2 in this FIG.
  • the end of one of the ends 18 of the traction line 8 is secured to a point or attachment piece 9 located towards the middle of the body of the anchor 1, which attachment point 9 must be offset from to the axis ZZ 'of traction thereof towards the axis XX' of the body of the anchor 1 for the embodiments of Figures 1 to 7, and even preferably located along said axis to obtain a tilting torque as high as possible, while in the embodiments of Figures 8 to 12, this offset can be non-existent or at least less since the desired and necessary tilting torque is then provided by the power of the spring 24 put in compression.
  • said guide and support part 7 is part of said body of the anchor 1 and on which rests said end 18 of the traction line, which is then necessarily deformable, such as a cable, and which will be cited as a reference in the following description of Figures 1 to 7, which end 18 is fixed to said point of attachment 9
  • this guide and support piece 7 allows the end 18 of the traction line 8 to be guided between said attachment point 9 and the traction axis ZZ 'proper, ensuring said offset and of such shape that said end 18 of the traction cable 8 forms an angle ⁇ more 10 ° and less than 90 ° with the XX 'axis of the anchor, and preferably between 60 and 90 °.
  • said point or attachment piece 9 consists of an articulation end piece in this case cylindrical of revolution at least along an axis perpendicular to said axes XX 'and ZZ', fixed and integral with the end 19 of the end 18 of the cable 8 on which it is breeched: said end piece 9 can thus be a cylindrical part or a spherical part: it can also be an attachment in the body of the anchor; the piece constituting the end piece 9 may include a hollow appendage through which the end 18 of the cable 8 passes: it is this appendage which then comes to bear against the guide piece 7 of the body of the anchor.
  • Said endpiece 9 is housed and articulated in a housing 10 of the body of the anchor in which it can rotate at least along the axis perpendicular to said axes XX 'and ZZ' and communicates with an orifice 20 in the form of a trunk through which passes said end 18 of the cable.
  • said housing is located in front of the surface center of one set of wings 2, 3 of said anchor.
  • the inclination of this reaction force R depends of course the initial angle ⁇ ; we preferably take an angle of 60 to 90 ° but a very small angle of the order of 10 ° would always have a reaction force, - we limit the angle to 90 ° maximum because beyond, a higher angle would create an unnecessary tilting force during the actual anchoring of the anchor in the final position in the soil in which it must be maintained, which would even be possibly unfavorable for a prestressing effect on the soil in which we want a symmetrical distribution on the wing without additional tilting effort.
  • Said body of the anchor 1 may also include a protective fin 5 in front of said support piece 5 to protect it. ci and the cable when sinking into the ground, perpendicular to the plane of the front blade 2 and a height h relative to it, greater than the distance d of offset from the axis ZZ 'of said traction cable 8 , as well as a fin 6 located on the other side of the front wing plan 2 relative to this first fin 5.
  • the two so-called fins 5 and 6 are preferably symmetrical with respect to the sail plane 2 and identical in order to balance the forces when the anchor is struck and thus, and thanks to their combination with the front wing 2, make it possible to guarantee the threshing direction.
  • said fin 5 or upper rib which is profiled on the front to allow penetration into the ground cuts it and protects the cable 8, while the lower rib or fin 6, also profiled on the 'before in the same way, cuts the ground like the upper rib, and moreover, by its heel effect 16, makes tilting stop as illustrated in Figure 7.
  • Figure 3 is therefore a representation of the device according to Figure 2, in section AA 'according to Figure 4, while the latter is a section along CC of the same device in Figure 3: the housing 10 of the nozzle 9 and the latter are cylindrical in shape.
  • the end 19 of the end 18 of the cable 8 can be directly pelletized in a housing 17 of the body of the anchor l and said support piece 7 extends beyond the bearing area of the end of the cable 8 at 90 ° with the axis XX 'up to said housing 17 to constitute therewith said point of attachment 9.
  • FIG. 7 three positions of the anchor are shown after it has been placed, for example by threshing, leaving behind a well 15 of axis PP ′ in the soil 11 in which it has been sunk to the desired depth. from which it will tilt, the tilting stroke being known, - depending on the types of terrain, it represents half the length of the anchor. There is a slight slip due to the settlement of ground around the anchor.
  • the axis PP 'of the well 15 is coincident during the entire insertion phase of the anchor with the axis XX' of the latter.
  • the first stage is that of the immediate and irreversible pre-tilting, during the tensioning of the cable or of the anchoring line 8 subjected to the force T2, thanks to the composition of the parallelogram of the action and reaction forces. as described according to Figure 2.
  • This force R is therefore of course the greatest at the start of the rotation during this pre-tilting step in which this force, if we take a sufficiently large angle ⁇ , causes a tilting torque, due to the distance of this resulting R at the point of rotation G, large enough to ensure the tilting in the ground, whatever the nature of it.
  • the end of the tilting illustrated for example in position 14 continues by balancing the reaction forces of the ground F'3 and F'2, which also compensate for the tension force T4 applied to the cable 8, with respect to the position of the point of traction thereof, which is preferably in front of the surface center of gravity, until there is a stability of this balance: the two couples generated by these two reaction forces in the ground having to compensate and therefore cancel each other out for obtain this equilibrium at the final desired angle of the axis XX 'relative to the initial driving axis PP' or of the traction ZZ 'of the cable 8.
  • the traction cable 8 used in the present description can be replaced by any deformable and / or flexible line making it possible to transmit the traction forces, such as a chain, a belt or any other device such as a deformable rod.
  • Figures 8 to 12 show another embodiment of the invention, the main application of which is anchoring at shallow depths up to about one meter, and in which said guide and support piece 7 does not part of the body of the anchor as before, but of the traction line 8: it is constituted by a rigid piece forming the end 18 of the traction line 8, is supported by a spring 24 on the body 1 of the anchor and revolves around point 9.
  • the actual traction line 8 can be in one piece to the ground surface, include the end 18 and be composed of a single piece up to and including the joint and attachment point 9, * the line of traction to the surface can also consist of a deformable line as in Figures 1 to 7, and be fixed near the anchor 1 on the other end, relative to the attachment point 9, of said end piece 18 which is then only rigid.
  • the main body 1 of the anchor comprising a bulge forming a bulge, in which the articulation and anchor point 9 is located, and a fin forming a spur-stop 6 on the other face, - the rear part of the body 1 of the anchor has a bore 4 for guiding the end of the threshing rod 20, the rear 22 of the body 1 serving inter alia anvil to said threshing rod as shown in FIG. 11.
  • the blade of the anchor is in its rear part 3 of constant section, and in its front part 2 of tapered section, for penetration into the ground 11 with two heels 23 lateral, favoring the attachment to the ground during traction T on the anchor line 8, - the mode of implementation shown in Figures 11 and 12, corresponds to the same phases described as in the representation of Figures 7 to which we will refer, in pa particular for the pre-tilt positions 12 and 13 of Figures 7a and 7b.
  • Such an anchor is designed to offer less resistance to penetration into the ground, although pilot holes can be made beforehand, these forms being tapered in arrowheads, and all the elements of the wing connecting to the body proper of the anchor by large radii of curvature of form.
  • a housing 10 is made in which the end attachment point 9 of the anchoring line ⁇ is embedded, such as by a tenon joint or along an axis or a cylindrical pin forming part of said anchor line, - which housing 10 opens with a light 20 on the face which can be called dorsal of the anchor, for the passage and the relative rotation relative to the anchor , over approximately 90 °, for example, of the rigid piece 7 at the end 18 of the anchoring line 8 between the threshing position and that of the final anchoring; this anchoring line can be threaded there during its assembly by the ventral face of the anchor where said housing 10 opens.
  • the articulation 9 is located slightly in front of the surface center of the anchor 1, and another bore 25 located on the rear of this articulation 9, contains the spring 24 and can communicate with that 4 of the threshing rod: this spring 24 gives a pre-tilting impulse and therefore an anchor hooking when it is put in place when the threshing rod is removed 20.
  • this righting compression can be maintained from the surface for the duration of the threshing, otherwise, if the line of traction is at least partially deformable, a lug or any holding means can be secured to the threshing rod 20 to keep the end 18 against it until it is withdrawn.
  • the spring 24 is of the flange type and works under compression: it is well protected from the surrounding medium 11 during threshing, since it can be entirely housed in the bore 25, which is then closed by the rigid part 7, preventing any penetration gravels or other particles of the soil which could then hinder its expansion.
  • the bent bent shape of the end portion 18 of the anchor line makes it possible to make up for the traction offset ZZ 'relative to the articulation axis 9: this offset can be useful for fitting the pin 9 into the body of the anchor without having to magnify it too much, but could not exist, due to the existence of the spring 24 which gives the tilting torque by its reaction force R.
  • a line of rigid traction 8, arranged and articulated along the threshing axis XX ' either then it is the traction line 8 itself which ensures threshing, or the threshing rod 20 is hollow and surrounds the line of traction 8, - the spring 24 would be located in a bore offset from the axis XX '.

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/FR95/01316 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 4, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 4, 1997 PCT Filed Oct. 9, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/12068 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 25, 1996Device for anchoring the foundation of a structure in the ground comprising an anchor (1) and a pull line (8) along an axis (ZZ'), the end (19) of a terminal portion (18) thereof being integral with a fastener (9) secured to the body of the anchor (1). The body comprises a front wing element (2) shaped to go into the ground along an axis (XX') and a rear wing element (3) opposing the pull of the line (8) by abutment in the ground once the anchor is tilted in the ground. In one embodiment, the fastening location (9) is offset to the axis (ZZ') of pull in the direction of the axis (XX') of the anchor body (1). The anchoring device comprises a component (7) for guiding the terminal portion (18) of the pull line (8) between the fastening location (9) and the axis of pull (ZZ'), whereby the fastener is offset. The anchor body (1) comprises a fin-shaped element (6) located on the other side of the plane of the front wing element (2) in relation to the guide component (7).

Description

DISPOSITIF D'ANCRAGE DE FONDATION DE STRUCTURE DANS LE SOL DEVICE FOR ANCHORING A FOUNDATION OF A STRUCTURE IN THE GROUND
La présente invention a pour objet un nouveau dispositif d'ancrage de fondation de structure dans le sol.The present invention relates to a new device for anchoring a structural foundation in the ground.
Le secteur technique de l'invention est le domaine de la réalisation d'ancres que l'on enfonce dans tout terrain, que ce soit à partir de la surface d'un sol ou d'une paroi de galerie souterraine ou autre, par battage, vibrofonçage, langage ou autre, jusqu'à une certaine profondeur ou distance de ladite surface, puis sur laquelle par un dispositif de tirant qui peut être un câble, une chaîne, une courroie ou autre tige déformable pourvu que la liaison avec l'ancre soit souple et/ou articulée, on applique une traction depuis cette surface de telle façon que ladite ancre s'incline dans une position transversale à la direction de traction et qu'elle permette alors de résister en opposant un maximum de surface de sa voilure à cette traction et d'immobiliser ainsi le tirant jusqu'à une certaine valeur d'effort de cette traction.The technical sector of the invention is the field of making anchors that are driven into any terrain, whether from the surface of a ground or an underground gallery wall or other, by threshing. , vibrofonishing, language or other, to a certain depth or distance from said surface, then on which by a pulling device which may be a cable, chain, belt or other deformable rod provided that the connection with the anchor is flexible and / or articulated, a traction is applied from this surface in such a way that said anchor inclines in a position transverse to the direction of traction and then allows it to resist by opposing a maximum surface area of its wing to this traction and thus immobilizing the pulling up to a certain force value of this traction.
Les principales applications sont, comme dans tous les dispositifs connus du même type, l'ancrage de piquets de haubans, de câbles, de massifs, de plaques de soutien de structure, etc.. et plus particulièrement quand on veut obtenir une résistance de fondation même en cas de mauvaise résistance à la traction du sol seul en créant alors un massif constitué par le sol lui-même qui est mis en précontrainte pour cela, tel qu'enseigné dans le brevet EP 317458 publié le 24 mai 1989 et déposé par la Société T.S.I. et qui décrit également l'ensemble de la technique de mise en oeuvre d'un ancrage d'une fondation, dont nous ne rappellerons pas ici les principes ainsi connus. On relève par ailleurs de nombreux dispositifs permettant des ancrages dans le sol suivant la mise en oeuvre décrite ci-dessus pour définir le secteur technique de l'invention bien qu'il ne s'agisse pas bien sûr de réaliser alors vin massif constitué par le sol lui-même mis en précontrainte, objet du brevet ci-dessus ; certains de ces dispositifs d'ancrage ont fait l'objet de demandes de brevets en particulier pour des dispositifs devant assurer le basculement ou l'inclinaison de l'ancre : on peut citer par exemple la demande FR 2470823 publiée le 12 juin 1981 de Monsieur CARGIOLLI Pierre qui décrit un dispositif pour terrain meuble qui permet le basculement de l'ancre en plaçant le point d'attache de la ligne d'ancrage en avant du centre surfacique pour que lors de la mise en tension, l'effort d'opposition des matériaux qui s'applique à la partie arrière de la voilure soit, grâce à la surface plus grande concernée, supérieur à celui opposé par la partie avant qui de ce fait remonte. Cependant cette méthode n'est pas fiable car l'ancre peut remonter beaucoup et même s'extraire du sol avant que l'arrière de la voilure puisse se placer en butée et que se déroule alors le processus prévu ainsi la profondeur d'ancrage prévue n'est plus respectée.The main applications are, as in all known devices of the same type, the anchoring of guy stakes, cables, massifs, structural support plates, etc. and more particularly when it is desired to obtain a foundation resistance even in the event of poor tensile strength of the soil alone, then creating a solid mass constituted by the soil itself which is prestressed for this, as taught in patent EP 317458 published on May 24, 1989 and filed by the Company TSI and which also describes the whole technique of implementing an anchoring of a foundation, of which we will not recall here the principles thus known. There are also many devices for anchoring in the soil according to the implementation described above to define the technical sector of the invention although it is not of course to achieve then solid wine consisting of soil itself prestressed, subject of the above patent; some of these anchoring devices have been the subject of patent applications, in particular for devices intended to ensure the tilting or tilting of the anchor: mention may be made, for example, of the application FR 2470823 published June 12, 1981 by Mr. CARGIOLLI Pierre who describes a device for soft ground which allows the tilting of the anchor by placing the point of attachment of the anchor line in front of the surface center so that when setting tension, the force of opposition of the materials which applies to the rear part of the wing is, thanks to the larger surface concerned, greater than that opposed by the front part which thereby rises. However this method is not reliable because the anchor can go up a lot and even get out of the ground before the rear of the wing can be placed in abutment and the planned process then takes place, thus the planned anchoring depth is no longer respected.
Pour éviter l'incertitude ci-dessus, la demande de brevet EP 161190 publiée le 13 novembre 1985 de l'I.F.P. dispose un volet articulé sur l'arrière de la voilure de l'ancre pour amorcer plus rapidement le blocage préalable au basculement. Un tel dispositif ne peut cependant pas empêcher une remontée non négligeable de l'ancre lors de la mise en tension surtout dans les cas où pour faciliter le fonçage, un avant trou a été réalisé avec une tarière : une partie du volet se trouve dans le vide et son action de butée se trouve réduite et retardée. De plus, compte tenu des efforts en jeu, les articulations du volet cassent. D'autre part, lors du fonçage de l'ancre, des matériaux peuvent se coincer entre le volet et sa butée et interdire son mouvement donc son office. Cela ramène au cas précédent. On peut citer également le brevet GB 2089862 publié le 30 juin 1982 de WISE E.G. qui décrit un dispositif articulé pour provoquer après fonçage le basculement de la voilure par rotation autour d'un axe éclipsable sous l'effort de poussée de la tige de battage préalablement changée de position par une rotation de 180° : ce dispositif est compliqué et ne peut pas s'avérer fiable en situation.To avoid the above uncertainty, patent application EP 161190 published on November 13, 1985 of the I.F.P. has a hinged flap on the rear of the anchor wing to initiate blocking more quickly before tilting. However, such a device cannot prevent a significant rise in the anchor during tensioning, especially in cases where, to facilitate sinking, a pilot hole has been made with an auger: part of the flap is in the vacuum and its stop action is reduced and delayed. In addition, given the forces involved, the flap joints break. On the other hand, during the sinking of the anchor, materials can get caught between the flap and its stop and prevent its movement therefore its function. This brings us back to the previous case. We can also cite GB 2089862 patent published on June 30, 1982 of WISE EG which describes an articulated device to cause after sinking the tilting of the airfoil by rotation around an axis which can be eclipsed under the thrust force of the threshing rod beforehand changed position by a rotation of 180 °: this device is complicated and cannot be reliable in situation.
Enfin, on connaît différents systèmes d'ancrage comportant des nervures et des ailettes sur la partie avant de l'ancre pour faciliter leur enfoncement dans la direction voulue, combinés avec des systèmes d'articulation du point de traction décalé par rapport à l'axe d'enfoncement de l'ancre, d'une part pour dégager le câble de la tige de fonçage afin de ne pas abîmer celui-ci et d'autre part pour faciliter le basculement de l'ancre après son enfoncement : un tel dispositif est décrit par exemple dans le brevet EP 313936 publié le 3 mai 1989 de la Société FORESIGHT INDUSTRIES INC. ,- cependant, si effectivement le contrôle de la direction d'enfoncement dans le sol est ainsi mieux assuré, le pivotement de l'ancre elle-même dans le sol ne l'est pas, tout au moins à la profondeur voulue, et n'est pas réalisé d'une manière fiable.Finally, various anchoring systems are known comprising ribs and fins on the front part of the anchor to facilitate their insertion in the desired direction, combined with articulation systems of the traction point offset from the axis of the anchor being pushed in, on the one hand to release the cable from the driving rod so as not to damage it and on the other hand to facilitate the tilting of the anchor after it is pressed: such device is described for example in patent EP 313936 published on May 3, 1989 of the company FORESIGHT INDUSTRIES INC. , - however, if effectively the control of the direction of driving into the ground is thus better ensured, the pivoting of the anchor itself in the ground is not, at least at the desired depth, and n is not performed reliably.
Ainsi, il est observé que la plupart des ancres actuelles, sauf à leur associer des dispositifs complexes, mécaniques et eux-mêmes donc peu fiables et/ou de mise en oeuvre compliquée, remontent en fait beaucoup, et même jusqu'à être hors sol, sans avoir donc basculé quand on applique un effort de traction sur la ligne d'ancrage qui doit les relier à la surface : le basculement et le blocage ne se font en fait d'une manière à peu près sûre que dans des terrains qui, à la fois doivent se refermer derrière les ancres après leur passage et sont assez denses ,- ceci limite les cas de figures et d'utilisation. Dans les terrains trop compacts de type argileux dont l'empreinte de l'ancre reste ouverte derrière elle, ou dans des sables trop mous de type vaseux, les ancres connues ne basculent alors pas immédiatement ou même pas du tout quand on les soumet à une traction, ce qui les fait trop remonter et ne permet pas bien sûr de garantir une profondeur d•ancrage.Thus, it is observed that most of the current anchors, except for associating with them complex, mechanical devices and themselves therefore unreliable and / or of complicated implementation, in fact go back a lot, and even to the point of being above ground , without therefore having tilted when a tensile force is applied to the anchor line which must connect them to the surface: the tilting and blocking are in fact made in an almost safe manner only in grounds which, both must close behind the anchors after their passage and are quite dense, - this limits the cases of figures and use. In too compact soils of clay type whose imprint of the anchor remains open behind it, or in too soft sands of mud type, the known anchors then do not fall immediately or even not at all when they are subjected to a traction, making the back too and does not of course guarantee depth • anchor.
Or, quand on veut assurer une bonne tenue de celui-ci, surtout pour l'application à la précontrainte de sol tel que décrit dans le brevet cité précédemment EP 317458, il faut pouvoir être sûr de cette profondeur de basculement pour garantir l'existence du volume de terrain nécessaire à la constitution du massif de fondation, et cela quelle que soit la nature du sol, la profondeur d'ancrage étant fonction de celui-ci et de l'effort auquel on veut résister.However, when one wants to ensure good resistance of the latter, especially for the application to the prestressing of the ground as described in the patent cited above EP 317458, it must be possible to be sure of this tilting depth to guarantee the existence of the volume of land necessary for the constitution of the foundation massif, and this whatever the nature of the soil, the anchoring depth being a function of it and of the effort which one wants to resist.
Le problème posé est donc de pouvoir réaliser un dispositif d'ancrage, comprenant une ancre et une ligne de traction, et dont la mise en oeuvre permette essentiellement le basculement de l'ancre dès la profondeur voulue atteinte pour assurer alors ledit ancrage à une profondeur donnée et cela dans tout type de terrain ,* un autre objectif de l'invention est également de réaliser l'enfoncement de ladite ancre dans ledit sol en contrôlant la direction sans risque de grande déviation. Une solution au problème posé est un dispositif d'ancrage de fondation de structure dans le sol comprenant une ancre et une ligne de traction suivant un axe ZZ' décalé de préférence par rapport à celui XX' de l'ancre, et dont le bout d'une extrémité est solidaire d'un point, ou d'une pièce d'attache, fixé au corps de l'ancre, lequel corps comprend une voilure avant profilée pour pénétrer dans le sol suivant son axe XX' et une voilure arrière pour s'opposer à l'effet de traction de ladite ligne en faisant butée dans le sol après que l'ancre y ait pénétré par enfoncement suivant son axe XX' et basculé ,- suivant l'invention, le dispositif d'ancrage comporte une pièce de guidage et d'appui par rapport au corps de l'ancre, de ladite extrémité de la ligne entre ledit point d'attache et son axe de traction ZZ' , et ledit corps de l'ancre comprend un aileron situé de l'autre côté du plan de voilure avant, par rapport à ladite pièce de guidage, et permet d'amorcer plus sûrement le basculement voulu.The problem posed is therefore to be able to produce an anchoring device, comprising an anchor and a line of traction, and the implementation of which essentially allows the tilting of the anchor from the desired depth reached to then ensure said anchoring at a depth given and this in any type of terrain, * another objective of the invention is also to achieve the insertion of said anchor in said soil by controlling the direction without risk of great deviation. One solution to the problem posed is a device for anchoring a structure foundation in the ground comprising an anchor and a line of traction along an axis ZZ 'preferably offset from that XX' of the anchor, and the end of which d 'one end is secured to a point, or to a fastening piece, fixed to the body of the anchor, which body comprises a profiled front wing to penetrate the ground along its axis XX' and a rear wing for s 'oppose the pulling effect of said line by abutting in the ground after the anchor has penetrated therein by pressing along its axis XX' and tilted, - according to the invention, the anchoring device comprises a piece of guide and support relative to the body of the anchor, of said end of the line between said point of attachment and its axis of traction ZZ ', and said body of the anchor comprises a fin located on the other side of the front wing plane, relative to said guide piece, and makes it possible to initiate more surely the desired tilting.
Dans un mode de réalisation dans lequel la ligne de traction est déformable, telle qu'un câble, ledit point d'attache de la ligne de traction étant décalé par rapport à l'axe ZZ' de traction de celui-ci vers l'axe XX' du corps de l'ancre, ladite pièce de guidage assure ledit décalage et est une partie du corps de l'ancre sur laquelle s'appuie ladite extrémité de la ligne ou câble de traction, fixée audit point d'attache.In an embodiment in which the traction line is deformable, such as a cable, said point of attachment of the traction line being offset relative to the axis ZZ 'of traction of the latter towards the axis XX 'of the body of the anchor, said guide part ensures said offset and is a part of the body of the anchor on which said end of the line or pulling cable is supported, fixed to said point of attachment.
Suivant un autre mode de réalisation préférentiel, en particulier quand la profondeur d'ancrage est réduite, de l'ordre de moins d'un mètre, comme en milieu urbain et pour des efforts de traction limités, ladite pièce de guidage est constituée par une pièce rigide qui forme l'extrémité de la ligne de traction, qui est articulée autour dudit point d'attache et qui s'appuie sur le corps de l'ancre par un ressort logé dans celui-ci et qui est comprimé en position de battage, entre l'extrémité rigide de ladite ligne de traction et ledit corps de l'ancre. La ligne de traction peut être elle-même entièrement rigide, et donc d'un seul tenant, articulée directement dans le corps de l'ancre, autour d'un point d'attache solidaire de son extrémité tel qu'un tourillon qui peut être, soit décalé par rapport à l'axe de traction XX', l'extrémité de la pièce rigide étant alors coudée, soit aligné avec celui-ci. Dans un mode de réalisation qui peut être l'un de ceux cités précédemment, ladite ancre comprend également un autre aileron de protection en avant de ladite pièce de guidage perpendiculaire au plan de la voilure avant et d'une hauteur h par rapport à celle-ci supérieure à la distance de décalage de l'axe ZZ' dudit câble de traction par rapport à la voilure avant du corps de l'ancre ; de préférence, lesdits ailerons appelés respectivement de protection et de basculement, sont symétriques par rapport audit plan de voilure avant, identiques et situés tous deux en avant de ladite pièce de guidage.According to another preferred embodiment, in particular when the anchoring depth is reduced, of the order of less than one meter, as in urban areas and for limited tensile forces, said guide piece is constituted by a rigid part which forms the end of the line of traction, which is articulated around said point of attachment and which is supported on the body of the anchor by a spring housed therein and which is compressed in the threshing position , between the rigid end of said line of traction and said body of the anchor. The line of traction can itself be entirely rigid, and therefore in one piece, articulated directly in the body of the anchor, around an attachment point secured to its end such as a pin which can be , either offset with respect to the axis of traction XX ', the end of the rigid part then being bent, or aligned with the latter. In an embodiment which may be one of those mentioned above, said anchor also comprises another protective fin in front of said guide part perpendicular to the plane of the front wing and of a height h relative to it. ci greater than the offset distance of the axis ZZ 'of said traction cable with respect to the front wing of the body of the anchor; preferably, said fins called protection and tilting respectively, are symmetrical with respect to said front wing plane, identical and both located in front of said guide part.
Le résultat est de nouveaux dispositifs d'ancrage de fondation de structure dans le sol comprenant une ancre telle que définie précédemment qui permet de solutionner le problème posé et d'atteindre les objectifs de l'invention, ce que ne permettent pas les dispositifs connus à ce jour.The result is new devices for anchoring a structure foundation in the ground comprising an anchor as defined above which makes it possible to solve the problem posed and to achieve the objectives of the invention, which the devices known to this day.
En effet, une des grandes nouveautés et originalités de la présente invention est de bien définir la liaison de l'extrémité de la ligne d'ancre avec l'ancre elle-même suivant une position bien déterminée alors que jusqu'à présent toutes les ancres connues au contraire comportaient des liaisons souples et libres sans guidage ni appui forcés car on recherchait toujours l'alignement de la ligne de traction et de son point d'attache sur l'ancre dès la mise sous tension ceci ne permet absolument pas de créer une force d'appui volontaire R, transversalement à la direction de traction ZZ' , tel que représenté en particulier sur les Figures 2 et 8 illustratives décrites ci-après, permettant ainsi suivant la présente invention un pré-basculement instantané de l'ancre, soit dès la mise sous tension de la ligne de traction, soit dès l'enlèvement de la tige de battage, quelle que soit la nature du terrain. De nombreux essais ont du reste prouvé qu'avec des ancres suivant l'invention, on obtient ledit basculement à la profondeur voulue, ce que ne permettent pas les dispositifs actuels ; ceux-ci en effet ne recherchaient pas une telle précision dans la profondeur puisque il s'agit essentiellement dans ces dispositifs connus d'obtenir un ancrage pour résister à un effort de traction sans considération de la participation du sol environnant, alors qu'ici, pour l'application à un ancrage tel que défini dans la demande de brevet Nβ EP 317458 évoquée en introduction, la profondeur d'ancrage est essentielle pour obtenir une participation suffisante du sol et résister alors à un effort donné.Indeed, one of the great novelties and originalities of the present invention is to clearly define the connection of the end of the anchor line with the anchor itself according to a well-determined position whereas so far all the anchors known on the contrary included flexible and free connections without forced guidance or support because we always sought the alignment of the line of traction and its point of attachment to the anchor as soon as the tension was applied, this absolutely does not make it possible to create a voluntary bearing force R, transverse to the direction of traction ZZ ', as shown in particular in the illustrative Figures 2 and 8 described below, thus allowing according to the present invention an instantaneous pre-tilting of the anchor, either as soon as the traction line is tensioned, or as soon as the threshing rod is removed, whatever the nature of the terrain. Numerous tests have moreover proved that with anchors according to the invention, said tilting is obtained at the desired depth, which the current devices do not allow; these in fact did not seek such precision in depth since it is essentially in these known devices to obtain an anchoring to resist a tensile force without consideration of the participation of the surrounding soil, while here, for the application to an anchorage as defined in patent application N β EP 317458 mentioned in the introduction, the depth anchoring is essential to obtain a sufficient participation of the ground and to resist a given effort.
Ainsi, suivant les exemples décrits ci-après, on remarquera que l'extrémité de la ligne d'ancrage est toujours intentionnellement mise en contact par une pièce de guidage et d'appui avec le corps de l'ancre, directement ou par un ressort intermédiaire, laquelle pièce est un des éléments essentiels de la présente invention, alors que dans les lignes d'ancrage connues, même articulées et décalées par rapport à l'axe de l'ancre, il n'est transmis au corps de l'ancre que la force alignée dans la direction de tension appliquée sans provoquer une force transversale de réaction sur l'ancre.Thus, according to the examples described below, it will be noted that the end of the anchor line is always intentionally brought into contact by a guide and support part with the body of the anchor, directly or by a spring. intermediate, which part is one of the essential elements of the present invention, while in the known anchor lines, even articulated and offset with respect to the axis of the anchor, it is not transmitted to the body of the anchor as the force aligned in the applied tension direction without causing a transverse reaction force on the anchor.
De plus, la présence de l'aileron que l'on peut donc appeler de pré-basculement, comme indiqué précédemment, perpendiculaire au plan de voilure principal de l'ancre, et situé de l'autre côté par rapport à la ligne de traction, permet, outre un meilleur guidage lors de l'enfoncement de l'ancre dans une direction donnée, de constituer un talon de butée quasiment instantané dès le début de l'effort de traction ; ceci crée un véritable couple de pré-basculement immédiat de l'ancre, en combinaison avec la disposition spécifique de la ligne d'ancrage suivant l'invention, comme décrit dans l'un des modes de réalisation de la Figure 2 ou de la Figure 8, et représenté en mise en oeuvre dans les Figures 7 et 11 ci-après.In addition, the presence of the fin which can therefore be called pre-tilt, as indicated above, perpendicular to the main sail plane of the anchor, and located on the other side relative to the line of traction. , allows, in addition to better guidance during the insertion of the anchor in a given direction, to constitute a stop bead almost instantaneous from the start of the tensile force; this creates a real immediate pre-tilting torque of the anchor, in combination with the specific arrangement of the anchor line according to the invention, as described in one of the embodiments of Figure 2 or of Figure 8, and shown in implementation in Figures 7 and 11 below.
Dans les ancres connues, le moment de basculement constitué uniquement par la traction appliquée au bras de levier formé par le décalage de la ligne de traction par rapport à l'axe de l'ancre n'est pas suffisant pour assurer ledit basculement suivant le terrain rencontré comme dit précédemment, sauf à attendre une certaine remontée de l'ancre dans son trou jusqu'à ce que les frottements permettent d'obtenir un couple de basculement, quand l'arrière de la voilure a la bonne fortune de se mettre en butée. En fait, ce décalage est dû à la nécessité de libérer l'axe de pénétration de l'ancre dans le sol pour laisser passer les tiges de battage, et diverses solutions ont été proposées, comme celles évoquées en introduction pour assurer vraiment le basculement, prouvant bien que le moment des forces ci- dessus est bien considéré insuffisant, mais ces solutions n'ont pas donné de résultats probants à ce jour. Les résultats obtenus grâce aux éléments de la présente invention, permettent par contre un pré-basculement automatique immédiat et irréversible plaçant l'ancre en butée immédiate, ladite butée étant réalisée grâce à l'aileron complémentaire et à la partie arrière de voilure, avec peu ou pas de remontée et de façon systématique.In known anchors, the tilting moment constituted solely by the traction applied to the lever arm formed by the offset of the traction line relative to the axis of the anchor is not sufficient to ensure said tilting according to the terrain encountered as said before, except waiting for a certain rise of the anchor in its hole until the friction allows to obtain a tilting torque, when the rear of the wing has the good fortune to come into abutment . In fact, this offset is due to the need to free the axis of penetration of the anchor into the ground to let the threshing rods pass, and various solutions have been proposed, such as those mentioned in the introduction to really ensure tilting, proving that the moment of the above forces is considered insufficient, but these solutions have not given convincing results to date. The results obtained by virtue of the elements of the present invention, on the other hand, allow an immediate and irreversible automatic pre-tilting placing the anchor in immediate abutment, said abutment being achieved thanks to the complementary fin and to the rear part of the wing, with little or no rise and in a systematic way.
Par ailleurs, le rajout d'un autre aileron symétrique du premier de l'autre côté du plan de voilure, permet une protection de la ligne d'ancrage située en arrière, tout en aidant au guidage lors de l'enfoncement de l'ancre dans le sol.In addition, the addition of another symmetrical fin on the first on the other side of the sail plane, allows protection of the anchor line located aft, while helping to guide when the anchor is pushed in. in the ground.
Le mode de réalisation décrit dans la Figure 8 ci-après, avec une ligne de traction rigide et pouvant être d'un seul tenant entre le point d'attache et la surface, permet d'éviter d'avoir à culotter et fixer un câble ou une autre ligne déformable à une pièce d'ancrage et/ou de liaison sur l'ancre, ce qui en limite bien entendu le coût de fabrication.The embodiment described in Figure 8 below, with a rigid traction line and which may be in one piece between the point of attachment and the surface, avoids having to base and fix a cable. or another line deformable to an anchor and / or connecting piece on the anchor, which of course limits the manufacturing cost.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'existence du ressort encastré dans le corps de l'ancre et prenant appui sur l'extrémité de la ligne d'ancrage, permet d'obtenir, quand on le décide et immédiatement alors, le pré-basculement de ladite ancre et d'accompagner le basculement de celle-ci jusqu'à un angle de l'ordre de 30°, permettant d'obtenir d'une manière irréversible, l'accrochage de l'arrière de la voilure dans le sol à une hauteur déterminée et voulue, ce qui est d'autant plus nécessaire, quand on est à faible profondeur dans le sol, et qu'on veut obtenir une résistance optimum à la traction ; le mouvement est alors indépendant de la forme de l'ancre et permet de donner à celle-ci des formes d'autant plus favorables à la pénétration de l'ancre dans le sol.In this embodiment, the existence of the spring embedded in the body of the anchor and bearing on the end of the anchor line, makes it possible to obtain, when it is decided and immediately then, the pre-tilting of said anchor and to accompany the tilting thereof to an angle of the order of 30 °, making it possible to irreversibly obtain the attachment of the rear of the wing in the ground at a determined and desired height, which is all the more necessary when one is at a shallow depth in the ground, and when one wants to obtain optimum resistance to traction; the movement is then independent of the shape of the anchor and makes it possible to give the latter shapes that are all the more favorable for the penetration of the anchor into the ground.
On pourrait citer d'autres avantages à la présente invention mais ceux cités ci-dessus en montrent déjà suffisamment pour en prouver la nouveauté et l'intérêt. La description et les figures ci- après représentent des exemples de réalisation de l'invention mais n'ont aucun caractère limitatif : d'autres réalisations sont possibles dans le cadre de la portée et de l'étendue de cette invention, en particulier en changeant la forme du corps de l'ancre qui peut être réalisée, soit en pièces mécaniques rapportées en mécano soudé, soit en pièces moulées ou forgées, soit en d'autres matériaux, etc.. La Figure 1 est une vue perspective d'ensemble d'un exemple de réalisation d'un dispositif d'ancrage suivant l'invention.We could cite other advantages to the present invention, but those mentioned above already show enough to prove the novelty and the interest. The description and the figures below represent exemplary embodiments of the invention but are in no way limiting: other embodiments are possible within the scope and scope of this invention, in particular by changing the shape of the anchor body which can be produced, either in mechanical parts added in mechanically welded, or in molded or forged parts, or in other materials, etc. Figure 1 is an overall perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of an anchoring device according to the invention.
La Figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un dispositif suivant la Figure 1. La Figure 3 est une vue simplifiée du même dispositif que celui représenté sur la Figure 2.Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a device according to Figure 1. Figure 3 is a simplified view of the same device as that shown in Figure 2.
La Figure 4 est une vue en coupe suivant CC du dispositif de la Figure 3.Figure 4 is a sectional view along CC of the device of Figure 3.
La Figure 5 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un dispositif suivant l'invention, suivant un autre mode de réalisation.Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a device according to the invention, according to another embodiment.
La Figure 6 est une vue en coupe transversale suivant DD' du dispositif de la Figure 5.Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view along DD 'of the device of Figure 5.
La Figure 7 est une représentation des différentes phases de basculement lors de la mise en oeuvre d'un dispositif suivant les figures 1 à 6.FIG. 7 is a representation of the different tilting phases during the implementation of a device according to FIGS. 1 to 6.
Les Figures 8 à 10 représentent un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif suivant l'invention : la figure 8 est une vue en coupe longitudinale suivant VIII/VIII' de la vue de dessus suivant la figure 10 et la figure 9 est une vue en coupe suivant IX/IX' de la figure 8. Les figures 11 et 12 sont des représentations de mise en oeuvre opérationnelle d'un dispositif suivant les figures 8 à 10.Figures 8 to 10 show another embodiment of a device according to the invention: Figure 8 is a longitudinal sectional view along VIII / VIII 'of the top view according to Figure 10 and Figure 9 is a view in section along IX / IX 'of FIG. 8. FIGS. 11 and 12 are representations of the operational implementation of a device according to FIGS. 8 to 10.
Le dispositif d'ancrage de fondation de structure dans le sol comprend en effet d'une manière connue une ancre 1 et une ligne de traction 8, laquelle est appliquée suivant un axe ZZ' . Le corps de l'ancre 1 est constitué de divers éléments tels qu'en particulier une voilure avant 2 profilée pour pénétrer dans le sol et qui peut être constituée de deux ailes taillées en biseau à leur extrémité et symétriques de part et d'autre du plan défini par les axes de la ligne de traction ZZ' et de la direction XX' de pénétration de l'ancre : ladite voilure avant 2 profilée permet ainsi l'enfoncement de l'ancre dans le sol suivant ledit axe XX' grâce à la poussée transmise par un élément de battage 20 que l'on appuie depuis la surface du sol ou de la paroi du terrain dans lequel on veut faire pénétrer ladite ancre et qui vient se loger suivant l'axe XX• à l'arrière de l'ancre dans un logement 4 prévu pour cela.The structure foundation anchoring device in the ground indeed comprises in a known manner an anchor 1 and a traction line 8, which is applied along an axis ZZ '. The body of the anchor 1 is made up of various elements such as in particular a front wing 2 profiled to penetrate the ground and which can be made up of two wings cut at a bevel at their ends and symmetrical on either side of the plane defined by the axes of the traction line ZZ 'and of the direction XX' of penetration of the anchor: said profiled front wing 2 thus allows the anchor to sink into the ground along said axis XX 'thanks to the thrust transmitted by a threshing element 20 which is pressed from the surface of the ground or the wall of the ground in which one wants to penetrate said anchor and which is housed along the axis XX • at the rear of the anchor in a housing 4 provided for this.
Ledit corps de l'ancre 1 comprend également de part et d'autre de ce logement 4 une voilure arrière 3 dans le prolongement de la voilure avant 2 et d'une surface suffisante pour permettre de s'opposer à l'effet de traction de la ligne 8, dans la position d'ancrage, en faisant butée dans le sol et tel que représenté sur la Figure 7, après que l'ancre y ait pénétré et après une première étape de basculement, ladite butée étant représentée par la force F'2 sur cette Figure 7, alors que la voilure avant 2 assure également de l'autre côté de l'axe ZZ' une réaction par butée dans le sol suivant la force F'3 : c'est la combinaison de ces deux forces de réaction dans le sol qui permettent d'assurer l'équilibre de l'ancre et la retenue de la ligne de traction 8 soumis à la force de traction T4 voulue après la mise en place de l'ancre à la profondeur donnée.Said body of the anchor 1 also comprises on either side of this housing 4 a rear wing 3 in the extension of the front wing 2 and of a sufficient surface to allow to oppose the traction effect of the line 8, in the anchoring position, making abutment in the ground and as shown in Figure 7, after the anchor has entered it and after a first tilting step, said abutment being represented by the force F'2 in this FIG. 7, while the front wing 2 also ensures on the other side of the axis ZZ 'a reaction by abutment in the ground according to the force F'3: it is the combination of these two reaction forces in the ground which make it possible to ensure the balance of the anchor and the retention of the traction line 8 subjected to the tensile force T4 desired after the anchor is placed at the given depth.
Le bout de l'une des extrémités 18 de la ligne de traction 8 est solidaire d'un point ou pièce d'attache 9 situé vers le milieu du corps de l'ancre 1, lequel point d'attache 9 étant obligatoirement décalé par rapport à l'axe ZZ' de traction de celui-ci vers l'axe XX' du corps de l'ancre 1 pour les modes de réalisation des Figures 1 à 7, et même de préférence situé suivant ledit axe pour obtenir un couple de basculement le plus élevé possible, alors que dans les modes de réalisation des Figures 8 à 12, ce décalage peut être inexistant ou tout au moins moins important puisque le couple de basculement voulu et nécessaire est alors assuré par la puissance du ressort 24 mis en compression.The end of one of the ends 18 of the traction line 8 is secured to a point or attachment piece 9 located towards the middle of the body of the anchor 1, which attachment point 9 must be offset from to the axis ZZ 'of traction thereof towards the axis XX' of the body of the anchor 1 for the embodiments of Figures 1 to 7, and even preferably located along said axis to obtain a tilting torque as high as possible, while in the embodiments of Figures 8 to 12, this offset can be non-existent or at least less since the desired and necessary tilting torque is then provided by the power of the spring 24 put in compression.
Dans les Figures 1 à 7, ladite pièce de guidage et d'appui 7 fait partie dudit corps de l'ancre 1 et sur laquelle s'appuie ladite extrémité 18 de la ligne de traction, qui est alors nécessairement déformable, telle qu'un câble, et que l'on citera du reste comme référence dans la suite de la description des Figures 1 à 7, laquelle extrémité 18 est fixée audit point d'attache 9 cette pièce de guidage et d'appui 7 permet à l'extrémité 18 de la ligne de traction 8 d'être guidée entre ledit point d'attache 9 et l'axe de traction ZZ' proprement dit, assurant ledit décalage et de forme telle que ladite extrémité 18 du câble de traction 8 forme un angle β de plus de 10° et moins de 90° avec l'axe XX' de l'ancre, et de préférence entre 60 et 90°. Suivant le mode de réalisation des Figures 2 ou 3 ou 4, ledit point ou pièce d'attache 9 est constitué d'un embout d'articulation de forme dans ce cas cylindrique de révolution au moins suivant un axe perpendiculaire auxdits axes XX' et ZZ' , fixé et solidaire du bout 19 de l'extrémité 18 du câble 8 sur lequel il est culotté : ledit embout 9 peut être ainsi une pièce cylindrique ou une pièce sphérique : il peut être également une attache dans le corps de l'ancre ; la pièce constituant l'embout 9 peut comporter un appendice creux dans lequel passe l'extrémité 18 du câble 8 : c'est cet appendice qui vient alors en appui contre la pièce de guidage 7 du corps de 1 'ancre. Ledit embout 9 est logé et articulé dans un logement 10 du corps de l'ancre dans lequel il peut tourner au moins suivant l'axe perpendiculaire auxdits axes XX' et ZZ' et communique avec un orifice 20 en forme de trompe à travers lequel passe ladite extrémité 18 du câble. De préférence, cedit logement est situé en avant du centre surfacique de 1 'ensemble de la voilure 2, 3 de ladite ancre.In Figures 1 to 7, said guide and support part 7 is part of said body of the anchor 1 and on which rests said end 18 of the traction line, which is then necessarily deformable, such as a cable, and which will be cited as a reference in the following description of Figures 1 to 7, which end 18 is fixed to said point of attachment 9 this guide and support piece 7 allows the end 18 of the traction line 8 to be guided between said attachment point 9 and the traction axis ZZ 'proper, ensuring said offset and of such shape that said end 18 of the traction cable 8 forms an angle β more 10 ° and less than 90 ° with the XX 'axis of the anchor, and preferably between 60 and 90 °. According to the embodiment of Figures 2 or 3 or 4, said point or attachment piece 9 consists of an articulation end piece in this case cylindrical of revolution at least along an axis perpendicular to said axes XX 'and ZZ', fixed and integral with the end 19 of the end 18 of the cable 8 on which it is breeched: said end piece 9 can thus be a cylindrical part or a spherical part: it can also be an attachment in the body of the anchor; the piece constituting the end piece 9 may include a hollow appendage through which the end 18 of the cable 8 passes: it is this appendage which then comes to bear against the guide piece 7 of the body of the anchor. Said endpiece 9 is housed and articulated in a housing 10 of the body of the anchor in which it can rotate at least along the axis perpendicular to said axes XX 'and ZZ' and communicates with an orifice 20 in the form of a trunk through which passes said end 18 of the cable. Preferably, said housing is located in front of the surface center of one set of wings 2, 3 of said anchor.
Comme on peut le voir sur la représentation de la Figure 2, quand on tire alors suivant l'axe ZZ' par un effort T sur la ligne de traction et d'ancrage 8, ledit effort est transmis à l'extrémité 18 dudit câble de traction 8 jusqu'à l'embout ou point d'attache 9 suivant l'axe YY' formant avec l'axe ZZ' un angle α qui, dans la position d'origine du pré-basculement de l'ancre, quand celle-ci est en fond de trou par exemple, est égal à l'angle β défini précédemment.As can be seen in the representation of Figure 2, when we then pull along the axis ZZ 'by a force T on the traction and anchoring line 8, said force is transmitted to the end 18 of said cable traction 8 to the end-piece or attachment point 9 along the axis YY 'forming with the axis ZZ' an angle α which, in the original position of the pre-tilting of the anchor, when this- this is at the bottom of the hole for example, is equal to the angle β defined above.
La combinaison de la force de traction T et de l'effort RI de réaction générée par l'embout 9 pour s'opposer à la transmission de cette traction sur l'extrémité 18 du câble, crée une force résultanteThe combination of the tensile force T and the reaction force RI generated by the end piece 9 to oppose the transmission of this traction on the end 18 of the cable, creates a resulting force
R transversalement auxdits axes XX' et ZZ' , créant un couple de basculement immédiat grâce audit appui de l'extrémité 18 de la ligne de traction 8 sur la pièce d'appui 7 : l'inclinaison de cette force de réaction R dépend bien sûr de l'angle β initial ; on prend de préférence un angle de 60 à 90° mais un angle très faible de l'ordre de 10° permettrait d'avoir toujours une force de réaction ,- on limite l'angle à 90° au maximum car au-delà, un angle supérieur créerait un effort de basculement inutile lors de l'ancrage proprement dit de l'ancre en position définitive dans le sol dans lequel elle doit se maintenir, ce qui même serait éventuellement défavorable pour un effet de précontrainte du sol dans lequel on veut une répartition symétrique sur la voilure sans effort supplémentaire de basculement.R transversely to said axes XX 'and ZZ', creating an immediate tilting torque thanks to the pressing of the end 18 of the traction line 8 on the support piece 7: the inclination of this reaction force R depends of course the initial angle β; we preferably take an angle of 60 to 90 ° but a very small angle of the order of 10 ° would always have a reaction force, - we limit the angle to 90 ° maximum because beyond, a higher angle would create an unnecessary tilting force during the actual anchoring of the anchor in the final position in the soil in which it must be maintained, which would even be possibly unfavorable for a prestressing effect on the soil in which we want a symmetrical distribution on the wing without additional tilting effort.
Ledit corps de l'ancre 1 peut également comporter un aileron 5 de protection en avant de ladite pièce d'appui 5 pour protéger celle- ci et le câble lors du fonçage dans le sol, perpendiculairement au plan de la voilure avant 2 et d'une hauteur h par rapport à celle-ci, supérieure à la distance d de décalage de l'axe ZZ' dudit câble de traction 8, ainsi qu'un aileron 6 situé de l'autre côté du plan de voilure avant 2 par rapport à ce premier aileron 5.Said body of the anchor 1 may also include a protective fin 5 in front of said support piece 5 to protect it. ci and the cable when sinking into the ground, perpendicular to the plane of the front blade 2 and a height h relative to it, greater than the distance d of offset from the axis ZZ 'of said traction cable 8 , as well as a fin 6 located on the other side of the front wing plan 2 relative to this first fin 5.
Les deux dits ailerons 5 et 6 sont de préférence symétriques par rapport au plan de voilure 2 et identiques afin d'équilibrer les forces lors du battage de l'ancre et ainsi et grâce à leur combinaison avec la voilure avant 2, permettre de garantir la direction de battage.The two so-called fins 5 and 6 are preferably symmetrical with respect to the sail plane 2 and identical in order to balance the forces when the anchor is struck and thus, and thanks to their combination with the front wing 2, make it possible to guarantee the threshing direction.
Comme illustré sur la Figure 7, ledit aileron 5 ou nervure supérieure qui est profilé sur l'avant pour permettre la pénétration dans le sol coupe celui-ci et protège le câble 8, alors que la nervure inférieure ou aileron 6, également profilée sur l'avant de la même façon, coupe le sol comme la nervure supérieure, et de plus, par son effet de talon 16, fait butée de basculement comme illustré sur la Figure 7.As illustrated in Figure 7, said fin 5 or upper rib which is profiled on the front to allow penetration into the ground cuts it and protects the cable 8, while the lower rib or fin 6, also profiled on the 'before in the same way, cuts the ground like the upper rib, and moreover, by its heel effect 16, makes tilting stop as illustrated in Figure 7.
La Figure 3 est donc une représentation du dispositif suivant la Figure 2, en coupe AA' suivant la Figure 4, alors que celle-ci est une coupe suivant CC du même dispositif de la Figure 3 : le logement 10 de l'embout 9 et celui-ci y sont de forme cylindrique.Figure 3 is therefore a representation of the device according to Figure 2, in section AA 'according to Figure 4, while the latter is a section along CC of the same device in Figure 3: the housing 10 of the nozzle 9 and the latter are cylindrical in shape.
Suivant la représentation des exemples des Figures 5 et 6, le bout 19 de l'extrémité 18 du câble 8 peut être directement culottée dans un logement 17 du corps de l'ancre l et ladite pièce d'appui 7 se prolonge au-delà de la zone d'appui de l'extrémité du câble 8 à 90° avec l'axe XX' jusqu'au dit logement 17 pour constituer avec celui-ci ledit point d'attache 9.According to the representation of the examples of Figures 5 and 6, the end 19 of the end 18 of the cable 8 can be directly pelletized in a housing 17 of the body of the anchor l and said support piece 7 extends beyond the bearing area of the end of the cable 8 at 90 ° with the axis XX 'up to said housing 17 to constitute therewith said point of attachment 9.
Suivant la Figure 7, il est représenté trois positions de 1'ancre après sa mise en place par exemple par battage en laissant derrière elle un puits 15 d'axe PP' dans le sol 11 dans lequel elle a été enfoncée à la profondeur voulue à partir de laquelle elle basculera, la course de basculement étant connue ,- selon les types de terrain, elle représente la moitié de la longueur de l'ancre. Il y a un léger glissement du fait du tassement de terrain autour de l'ancre. L'axe PP' du puits 15 est confondu pendant toute la phase d'enfoncement de l'ancre avec l'axe XX' de celle-ci. La première étape est celle du pré-basculement, immédiat et irréversible, lors de la mise en tension du câble ou de la ligne d'ancrage 8 soumis à la force T2, grâce à la composition du parallélogramme des forces d'action et de réaction tel que décrit suivant la Figure 2. A titre d'exemple, on peut donner des valeurs de la force résultante R de pré-basculement puis de basculement suivant l'angle de l'ancre pour une force de mise en tension T2 par exemple constante de une tonne : au départ, si l'angle α ou β est de 90°, R = 1,4 tonnes ; puis quand l'angle diminue avec le basculement, tel que dans la position 13 de la Figure 7 par exemple, à 60° mais qui pourrait être le cas également d'une position α et β de 60° initiale, R = 10 000 Newtons ou 1 tonne environ ,- puis en troisième étape de basculement ou en position initiale telle que dans la position 14 par exemple où α serait de 40°, R = 6 840 Newtons ; puis même au-delà, quand α diminue à 20°, la force résultante R diminue aussi à 3 480 Newtons mais cela n'a plus tellement d'importance puisqu'alors, l'engagement des voilures, en particulier la voilure arrière, est suffisant pour finir la rotation de la position 14 en position définitive d'ancrage. Cette force R est donc bien sûr la plus importante au départ de la rotation lors de cette étape de pré-basculement dans laquelle cette force, si on prend un angle α suffisamment important, provoque un couple de basculement, du fait de la distance de cette résultante R au point de rotation G, suffisamment important pour assurer le basculement dans le terrain, quel que soit la nature de celui-ci.According to FIG. 7, three positions of the anchor are shown after it has been placed, for example by threshing, leaving behind a well 15 of axis PP ′ in the soil 11 in which it has been sunk to the desired depth. from which it will tilt, the tilting stroke being known, - depending on the types of terrain, it represents half the length of the anchor. There is a slight slip due to the settlement of ground around the anchor. The axis PP 'of the well 15 is coincident during the entire insertion phase of the anchor with the axis XX' of the latter. The first stage is that of the immediate and irreversible pre-tilting, during the tensioning of the cable or of the anchoring line 8 subjected to the force T2, thanks to the composition of the parallelogram of the action and reaction forces. as described according to Figure 2. By way of example, it is possible to give values of the resulting force R of pre-tilting then tilting according to the angle of the anchor for a tensioning force T2 for example constant one tonne: at the start, if the angle α or β is 90 °, R = 1.4 tonnes; then when the angle decreases with tilting, such as in position 13 in Figure 7 for example, at 60 ° but which could also be the case for an α and β position of initial 60 °, R = 10,000 Newtons or approximately 1 ton, - then in the third tilting step or in the initial position such as in position 14 for example where α would be 40 °, R = 6,840 Newtons; then even beyond, when α decreases to 20 °, the resulting force R also decreases to 3,480 Newtons but this no longer has so much importance since then, the engagement of the airfoils, in particular the rear airfoil, is sufficient to finish the rotation from position 14 to the final anchoring position. This force R is therefore of course the greatest at the start of the rotation during this pre-tilting step in which this force, if we take a sufficiently large angle α, causes a tilting torque, due to the distance of this resulting R at the point of rotation G, large enough to ensure the tilting in the ground, whatever the nature of it.
Dans la position 12 de la Figure 7 juste après le pré¬ basculement, l'effort transmis T2 dans la ligne d'ancrage continue de provoquer une force et donc un couple de basculement sur la pièce d'appui 7 comme indiqué ci-dessus, qui va donc diminuer progressivement au fur et à mesure du basculement de l'ancre et donc de la diminution de l'angle α, sachant que l'angle β restera bien sûr constant jusqu'à la fin du basculement. A partir d'un angle α suffisant, c'est l'aileron inférieur 6 qui entre en jeu en formant un point d'appui et de blocage dans le sol par son talon 16, et créant une force de réaction FI qui s'oppose à la remontée de l'ancre : dès la position 12 ainsi indiquée, il s'établit alors un couple de basculement supplémentaire entre cette force de réaction du sol FI et la traction T2.In position 12 of FIG. 7 just after the pre-tilting, the force transmitted T2 in the anchoring line continues to cause a force and therefore a tilting torque on the support piece 7 as indicated above, which will therefore gradually decrease as the tilting of the anchor and therefore the reduction of the angle α, knowing that the angle β will of course remain constant until the end of the tilting. From a sufficient angle α, it is the lower fin 6 which comes into play by forming a fulcrum and blocking point in the ground by its heel 16, and creating a reaction force FI which opposes when raising the anchor: from position 12 thus indicated, a torque of additional tilting between this reaction force of the ground FI and the traction T2.
Dans la phase de basculement suivante 13, alors que le talon 16 de l'aileron inférieur 6 va s'effacer et donc diminuer la force de réaction F'1 dans le sol, c'est alors la voilure arrière 3 de l'ancre qui s'engage complètement dans celui-ci, alors qu'au début, seul son talon 22 s'accroche et crée une force de réaction F2 importante qui prend, si on veut, la relève de la force FI, F'1, alors que la force de réaction du sol par rapport à la voilure avant F3 commence à prendre aussi de l'importance, mais d'une valeur plus faible que la force F2 arrière du fait que la voilure avant a une surface apparente dans le sol, inférieure, permettant ainsi à l'ancre de continuer à basculer.In the next tilting phase 13, while the heel 16 of the lower fin 6 will disappear and therefore reduce the reaction force F'1 in the ground, it is then the rear wing 3 of the anchor which fully engages in it, while at the start, only its heel 22 clings and creates a significant reaction force F2 which takes over, if you will, from the force FI, F'1, while the reaction force of the ground relative to the front wing F3 also begins to take importance, but of a lower value than the rear force F2 because the front wing has an apparent surface in the ground, lower, allowing the anchor to continue tipping.
La fin du basculement illustrée par exemple en position 14 se poursuit par équilibre des forces de réaction du sol F'3 et F'2, qui compensent également la force de tension T4 appliquée sur le câble 8, par rapport à la position du point de traction de celui-ci, qui est de préférence en avant du centre de gravité surfacique, jusqu'à avoir une stabilité de cet équilibre : les deux couples générés par ces deux forces de réaction dans le sol devant se compenser et donc s'annuler pour obtenir cet équilibre à l'angle voulu final de l'axe XX' par rapport à l'axe de battage initial PP' ou de traction ZZ' du câble 8.The end of the tilting illustrated for example in position 14 continues by balancing the reaction forces of the ground F'3 and F'2, which also compensate for the tension force T4 applied to the cable 8, with respect to the position of the point of traction thereof, which is preferably in front of the surface center of gravity, until there is a stability of this balance: the two couples generated by these two reaction forces in the ground having to compensate and therefore cancel each other out for obtain this equilibrium at the final desired angle of the axis XX 'relative to the initial driving axis PP' or of the traction ZZ 'of the cable 8.
Comme indiqué en introduction, il est bien évident que le câble de traction 8 utilisé dans la présente description peut être remplacé par toute ligne deformable et/ou souple permettant de transmettre les forces de traction, telles qu'une chaîne, une courroie ou toute autre dispositif tel qu'une tige deformable.As indicated in the introduction, it is obvious that the traction cable 8 used in the present description can be replaced by any deformable and / or flexible line making it possible to transmit the traction forces, such as a chain, a belt or any other device such as a deformable rod.
Les Figures 8 à 12 représentent un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, dont l'application principale est l'ancrage à faible profondeur jusqu'à un mètre environ, et dans lequel ladite pièce de guidage et d'appui 7 ne fait pas partie du corps de l'ancre comme précédemment, mais de la ligne de traction 8 : elle est constituée par une pièce rigide formant l'extrémité 18 de la ligne de traction 8, s'appuie par un ressort 24 sur le corps 1 de l'ancre et s'articule autour du point 9. En ce cas, la ligne de traction proprement dite 8, peut être d'un seul tenant jusqu'à la surface du sol, comprendre l'extrémité 18 et être composée d'une seule pièce jusqu'à et y compris l'articulation et point d'attache 9 ,* la ligne de traction jusqu'en surface peut être constituée également d'une ligne deformable comme dans les Figures 1 à 7, et être fixée à proximité de l'ancre 1 sur l'autre extrémité, par rapport au point d'attache 9, de ladite pièce d'extrémité 18 qui est alors seule rigide.Figures 8 to 12 show another embodiment of the invention, the main application of which is anchoring at shallow depths up to about one meter, and in which said guide and support piece 7 does not part of the body of the anchor as before, but of the traction line 8: it is constituted by a rigid piece forming the end 18 of the traction line 8, is supported by a spring 24 on the body 1 of the anchor and revolves around point 9. In this case, the actual traction line 8, can be in one piece to the ground surface, include the end 18 and be composed of a single piece up to and including the joint and attachment point 9, * the line of traction to the surface can also consist of a deformable line as in Figures 1 to 7, and be fixed near the anchor 1 on the other end, relative to the attachment point 9, of said end piece 18 which is then only rigid.
On retrouve bien entendu dans ce mode de réalisation, les éléments déjà décrits précédemment, tels que le corps principal 1 de l'ancre, comprenant un aileron faisant renflement, dans lequel est située l'articulation et point d'ancrage 9, et un aileron formant éperon-butée 6 sur l'autre face ,- la partie arrière du corps 1 de l'ancre comporte un alésage 4 pour le guidage de l'extrémité de la tige de battage 20, l'arrière 22 du corps 1 servant entre autres d'enclume à ladite tige de battage telle que représentée figure 11. La voilure de l'ancre est dans sa partie arrière 3 de section constante, et dans sa partie avant 2 de section effilée, pour la pénétration dans le sol 11 avec deux talons 23 latéraux, favorisant l'accrochage dans le sol lors de la traction T sur la ligne d'ancrage 8 ,- le mode de mise en oeuvre représenté sur les figures 11 et 12, correspond aux mêmes phases décrites que sur la représentation des figures 7 auxquelles on se référera, en particulier pour les positions de pré¬ basculement 12 et 13 des figures 7a et 7b.Of course, in this embodiment, we find the elements already described above, such as the main body 1 of the anchor, comprising a bulge forming a bulge, in which the articulation and anchor point 9 is located, and a fin forming a spur-stop 6 on the other face, - the rear part of the body 1 of the anchor has a bore 4 for guiding the end of the threshing rod 20, the rear 22 of the body 1 serving inter alia anvil to said threshing rod as shown in FIG. 11. The blade of the anchor is in its rear part 3 of constant section, and in its front part 2 of tapered section, for penetration into the ground 11 with two heels 23 lateral, favoring the attachment to the ground during traction T on the anchor line 8, - the mode of implementation shown in Figures 11 and 12, corresponds to the same phases described as in the representation of Figures 7 to which we will refer, in pa particular for the pre-tilt positions 12 and 13 of Figures 7a and 7b.
Une telle ancre est de forme étudiée pour offrir une moindre résistance à la pénétration dans le sol, bien que des avant-trous puissent être réalisés préalablement, ces formes étant effilées en pointes de flèches, et tous les éléments de voilure se raccordant sur le corps proprement dit de l'ancre par de grands rayons de courbure de forme.Such an anchor is designed to offer less resistance to penetration into the ground, although pilot holes can be made beforehand, these forms being tapered in arrowheads, and all the elements of the wing connecting to the body proper of the anchor by large radii of curvature of form.
Dans le corps principal 1 de l'ancre, est pratiqué un logement 10 dans lequel s'encastre le point d'attache d'extrémité 9 de la ligne d'ancrage β, telle que par une articulation à tenon ou suivant un axe ou un tourillon cylindrique faisant partie de ladite ligne d'ancrage ,- lequel logement 10 s'ouvre par une lumière 20 sur la face que l'on peut appeler dorsale de l'ancre, pour le passage et la rotation relative par rapport à l'ancre, sur 90° environ, par exemple, de la pièce rigide 7 d'extrémité 18 de la ligne d'ancrage 8 entre la position de battage et celle d'ancrage final ; cette ligne d'ancrage peut y être enfilée lors de son montage par la face ventrale de l'ancre où débouche ledit logement 10. L'articulation 9 se situe légèrement en avant du centre surfacique de l'ancre 1, et un autre alésage 25 situé sur l'arrière de cette articulation 9, contient le ressort 24 et peut communiquer avec celui 4 de la tige de battage : ce ressort 24 donne une impulsion de pré-basculement et donc d'accrochage de l'ancre lors de sa mise en place quand on retire la tige de battage 20. Dans la mesure où l'ensemble de la ligne de traction 8 est rigide jusqu'à la surface, on peut maintenir cette compression de redressement depuis la surface pendant la durée du battage, sinon, si la ligne de traction est au moins en partie deformable, un ergot ou tout moyen de maintien peut être solidaire de la tige de battage 20 pour garder l'extrémité 18 contre celle-ci jusqu'à son retrait. Le ressort 24 est de type à boudin et travaille à la compression : il est bien protégé du milieu environnant 11 pendant le battage, car pouvant être entièrement logé dans l'alésage 25, lequel est fermé alors par la pièce rigide 7, empêchant toute pénétration de graviers ou autres particules du sol qui pourraient ensuite gêner son expansion.In the main body 1 of the anchor, a housing 10 is made in which the end attachment point 9 of the anchoring line β is embedded, such as by a tenon joint or along an axis or a cylindrical pin forming part of said anchor line, - which housing 10 opens with a light 20 on the face which can be called dorsal of the anchor, for the passage and the relative rotation relative to the anchor , over approximately 90 °, for example, of the rigid piece 7 at the end 18 of the anchoring line 8 between the threshing position and that of the final anchoring; this anchoring line can be threaded there during its assembly by the ventral face of the anchor where said housing 10 opens. The articulation 9 is located slightly in front of the surface center of the anchor 1, and another bore 25 located on the rear of this articulation 9, contains the spring 24 and can communicate with that 4 of the threshing rod: this spring 24 gives a pre-tilting impulse and therefore an anchor hooking when it is put in place when the threshing rod is removed 20. Insofar as the whole of the traction line 8 is rigid up to on the surface, this righting compression can be maintained from the surface for the duration of the threshing, otherwise, if the line of traction is at least partially deformable, a lug or any holding means can be secured to the threshing rod 20 to keep the end 18 against it until it is withdrawn. The spring 24 is of the flange type and works under compression: it is well protected from the surrounding medium 11 during threshing, since it can be entirely housed in the bore 25, which is then closed by the rigid part 7, preventing any penetration gravels or other particles of the soil which could then hinder its expansion.
Le cintrage en forme coudée de la partie d'extrémité 18 de la ligne d'ancrage, permet de rattraper le décalage de traction ZZ' par rapport à l'axe d'articulation 9 : ce décalage peut être utile pour encastrer le tourillon 9 dans le corps de l'ancre sans avoir à trop grossir celui-ci, mais pourrait ne pas exister, du fait de l'existence du ressort 24 qui donne le couple de basculement par sa force de réaction R. On pourrait même envisager une ligne de traction 8 rigide, disposée et articulée suivant l'axe de battage XX' : soit alors c'est la ligne de traction 8 elle-même qui permet d'assurer le battage, soit la tige de battage 20 est creuse et entoure la ligne de traction 8 ,- le ressort 24 serait situé dans un alésage décalé par rapport à l'axe XX' . Lors d'essais réalisés avec une ancre de 200 millimètres de long pour 70 millimètres de large, avec une surface de voilure de 105 cm2, réalisée en acier écanosoudé, et pesant de l'ordre de 1,2 kilogrammes, avec une résistance de la ligne d'ancrage rigide de 14 000 Newtons environ, et une résistance d'ancre de 30 000 Newtons, on obtient le basculement immédiat avec une force du ressort d'au moins 150 Newtons, à la profondeur voulue et une capacité d'ancrage nominale en sol dur de l'ordre de 7 000 Newtons. The bent bent shape of the end portion 18 of the anchor line makes it possible to make up for the traction offset ZZ 'relative to the articulation axis 9: this offset can be useful for fitting the pin 9 into the body of the anchor without having to magnify it too much, but could not exist, due to the existence of the spring 24 which gives the tilting torque by its reaction force R. We could even consider a line of rigid traction 8, arranged and articulated along the threshing axis XX ': either then it is the traction line 8 itself which ensures threshing, or the threshing rod 20 is hollow and surrounds the line of traction 8, - the spring 24 would be located in a bore offset from the axis XX '. In tests carried out with an anchor of 200 millimeters long by 70 millimeters wide, with a sail area of 105 cm 2 , made of eco-welded steel, and weighing around 1.2 kilograms, with a resistance of the rigid anchor line of approximately 14,000 Newtons, and an anchor resistance of 30,000 Newtons, immediate tilting is obtained with a spring force of at least 150 Newtons, at the desired depth and an anchoring capacity nominal in hard soil of the order of 7,000 Newtons.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif d'ancrage de fondation de structure dans le sol comprenant une ancre (1) et une ligne de traction (8) suivant un axe1. Device for anchoring a structure foundation in the ground comprising an anchor (1) and a line of traction (8) along an axis
(ZZ'), dont le bout (19) d'une extrémité (18) est solidaire d'un point (9) ou d'une pièce d'attache, fixé sur le corps de l'ancre (1), lequel corps comprend une voilure avant (2) profilée pour pénétrer dans le sol suivant son axe (XX') et une voilure arrière (3) pour s'opposer à l'effet de traction de ladite ligne (8) en faisant butée dans le sol après que l'ancre y ait pénétré et basculé, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une pièce de guidage et d'appui (7), par rapport au corps de l'ancre, de ladite extrémité (18) de ladite ligne (8) de traction entre ledit point d'attache (9) et l'axe de traction (ZZ'), et ledit corps de l'ancre (1) comprend un aileron (6) situé de l'autre côté du plan de voilure avant (2) par rapport à la pièce de guidage (7) . (ZZ '), the end (19) of one end (18) of which is integral with a point (9) or a fastening piece, fixed to the body of the anchor (1), which body comprises a front blade (2) profiled to penetrate the ground along its axis (XX ') and a rear blade (3) to oppose the traction effect of said line (8) by abutting in the ground after that the anchor has entered and tilted there, characterized in that it comprises a guide and support piece (7), relative to the body of the anchor, of said end (18) of said line (8) of traction between said point of attachment (9) and the axis of traction (ZZ '), and said body of the anchor (1) comprises a fin (6) situated on the other side of the front sail plane ( 2) relative to the guide piece (7).
2. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite pièce de guidage (7) est constituée par une pièce rigide, qui forme l'extrémité (18) de la ligne de traction (8), qui s'articule autour du point (9), et qui s'appuie sur le corps (1) de l'ancre par un ressort (24) . 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said guide piece (7) consists of a rigid piece, which forms the end (18) of the traction line (8), which is articulated around the point (9), and which is supported on the body (1) of the anchor by a spring (24).
3. Dispositif suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite pièce rigide (7) est coudée et son extrémité (18) se termine par un tourillon constituant ledit point d'attache (9) de la ligne de traction (8) .3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that said rigid part (7) is bent and its end (18) ends in a pin constituting said point of attachment (9) of the traction line (8).
4. Dispositif d'ancrage suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit point d'attache (9) de la ligne de traction est décalé par rapport à l'axe (ZZ') de traction de celle-ci vers l'axe (XX') du corps de l'ancre (1), ladite pièce de guidage (7) assure ledit décalage et est une partie du corps (1) de l'ancre, sur laquelle s'appuie ladite extrémité (18), fixée audit point (9), de la ligne de traction (8) qui est deformable.4. Anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that said attachment point (9) of the traction line is offset with respect to the axis (ZZ ') of traction of the latter towards the axis (XX ') of the body of the anchor (1), said guide piece (7) ensures said offset and is a part of the body (1) of the anchor, on which said end (18) is fixed, fixed at said point (9), of the traction line (8) which is deformable.
5. Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit point d'attache (9) est constitué d'un embout de forme cylindrique de révolution au moins suivant un axe perpendiculaire auxdits axes (XX1) et (ZZ'), fixé et solidaire du bout (19) de ladite extrémité (18) de la ligne de traction (8) et articulé dans un logement (10) réalisé dans le corps de l'ancre dans lequel il peut tourner. 5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said attachment point (9) consists of a nozzle of cylindrical shape of revolution at least along an axis perpendicular to said axes (XX 1 ) and (ZZ '), fixed and integral with the end (19) of said end (18) of the traction line (8) and articulated in a housing (10) produced in the body of the anchor in which it can rotate.
6. Dispositif suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le bout (19) de ladite extrémité de la ligne (8) est directement culotté dans un logement (17) du corps de l'ancre (1) et ladite pièce de guidage et d'appui (7) se prolonge au-delà de la zone d'appui de l'extrémité (18) de la ligne (8) à 90° avec l'axe (XX') jusqu'au dit logement (17) pour constituer avec celui-ci ledit point d'attache (9).6. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the end (19) of said end of the line (8) is directly pelletized in a housing (17) of the body of the anchor (1) and said guide piece and support (7) extends beyond the support area of the end (18) of the line (8) at 90 ° with the axis (XX ') to said housing (17) for constitute with it said attachment point (9).
7. Dispositif d'ancrage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit point d'attache (9) est situé suivant l'axe (XX') du corps de l'ancre. 7. Anchoring device according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that said attachment point (9) is located along the axis (XX ') of the body of the anchor.
8. Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'angle (β) entre l'extrémité (18) de la ligne de traction (8) et l'axe (XX') de l'ancre (1), est compris entre 10 et 90°.8. Device according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the angle (β) between the end (18) of the line of traction (8) and the axis (XX ') of the anchor (1), is between 10 and 90 °.
9. Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que ladite ancre (1) comprend un aileron (5) de protection en avant de ladite pièce de guidage (7) perpendiculaire au plan de la voilure avant (2) et d'une hauteur h par rapport à celle-ci supérieure à la distance de décalage de l'axe (ZZ') de ladite ligne de traction (8) . 9. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said anchor (1) comprises a fin (5) for protection in front of said guide piece (7) perpendicular to the plane of the front airfoil (2 ) and a height h with respect thereto greater than the offset distance from the axis (ZZ ') of said traction line (8).
10. Dispositif suivant la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les deux ailerons (5, 6) sont symétriques par rapport audit plan de voilure avant (2) , identiques et situés tous deux en avant de ladite pièce de guidage (7) . 10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the two fins (5, 6) are symmetrical with respect to said front wing plane (2), identical and both located in front of said guide piece (7).
EP95934191A 1994-10-14 1995-10-09 Device for anchoring the foundation of a structure in the ground Expired - Lifetime EP0786035B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9412563 1994-10-14
FR9412563A FR2725739A1 (en) 1994-10-14 1994-10-14 DEVICE FOR ANCHORING A FOUNDATION OF A STRUCTURE IN THE GROUND
PCT/FR1995/001316 WO1996012068A1 (en) 1994-10-14 1995-10-09 Device for anchoring the foundation of a structure in the ground

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0786035A1 true EP0786035A1 (en) 1997-07-30
EP0786035B1 EP0786035B1 (en) 1998-08-26

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EP95934191A Expired - Lifetime EP0786035B1 (en) 1994-10-14 1995-10-09 Device for anchoring the foundation of a structure in the ground

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US (1) US5815993A (en)
EP (1) EP0786035B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH10512634A (en)
KR (1) KR970706439A (en)
CN (1) CN1160427A (en)
AT (1) ATE170247T1 (en)
AU (1) AU699700B2 (en)
DE (1) DE69504363T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2122681T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2725739A1 (en)
MA (1) MA23693A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996012068A1 (en)

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GB9322640D0 (en) * 1993-11-03 1993-12-22 Platipus Anchors Ltd Improvements in ground anchors
FR2764618B1 (en) 1997-06-13 1999-09-03 Tecnivalor METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FLOOR BASING OPPOSING SIDE EFFORTS AND SLIDING
SE524884C2 (en) * 2002-12-03 2004-10-19 Fredrik Lagercrantz Fasteners
US20070094951A1 (en) * 2005-09-27 2007-05-03 Accuplastics, Inc. Taco Shell Earth Anchor
US7789594B2 (en) * 2007-08-10 2010-09-07 Foresight Products, Llc Ground anchor
NL2011788C2 (en) * 2013-11-12 2015-05-13 J F Karsten Beheer B V Method and apparatus for stabilising a dike.
JP6521512B2 (en) * 2015-02-25 2019-05-29 極東産機株式会社 Device for fixing a structure by a string member
US10557521B2 (en) * 2018-05-16 2020-02-11 The North Face Apparel Corp. Stake with cord lock
EP4330463A1 (en) * 2021-04-26 2024-03-06 Western Green, LLC Ground anchor assembly including high-load ground anchor and method of using same

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US2841256A (en) * 1954-12-24 1958-07-01 Jr Merton L Clevett Ground anchor
US3139163A (en) * 1960-12-27 1964-06-30 Augustine C Haller Ground anchor
GB8402362D0 (en) * 1984-01-30 1984-02-29 Alsop Peter Anchoring devices
US4611446A (en) * 1985-12-26 1986-09-16 Beavers Allan E Cable anchoring device
FR2678010B1 (en) * 1991-06-21 1998-06-12 Electricite De France FOUNDATION ANCHOR WITH ROTATING SHUTTER.

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Publication number Publication date
FR2725739B1 (en) 1997-02-21
JPH10512634A (en) 1998-12-02
DE69504363D1 (en) 1998-10-01
CN1160427A (en) 1997-09-24
US5815993A (en) 1998-10-06
AU3657895A (en) 1996-05-06
MA23693A1 (en) 1996-07-01
ATE170247T1 (en) 1998-09-15
FR2725739A1 (en) 1996-04-19
WO1996012068A1 (en) 1996-04-25
KR970706439A (en) 1997-11-03
EP0786035B1 (en) 1998-08-26
AU699700B2 (en) 1998-12-10
ES2122681T3 (en) 1998-12-16
DE69504363T2 (en) 1999-03-25

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