EP0772730B1 - Driving shield - Google Patents

Abstract

The shield driving machine (100) is therefore fitted with a working chamber (21) to which pressure can be applied by means of a fluid medium and which is sealed against the rear unpressurised section (4) by at least one access lock (27). The working chamber (21) has a downwardly directed aperture (25) which communicates with the mining chamber (3) through which the staff in the working chamber (21) can perform work in the mining chamber while being protected against a local face collapse. The rock-loosening mining arm (10) of the shield driving machine can be pivoted away from the centre about at least one swinging axis on a circular bearing plate (8) which is fitted to rotate about the central axis (M) of the shield driving machine, which is thus also suitable for drilling larger diameters.

Description

The invention relates to a jacking shield the type corresponding to the preamble of claim 1.

The tunnel construction in loose rock has been around for decades shield driving is available. More recently for this purpose, jacking plates with liquid-based Face developed. They allow tunnel cross sections in non-stable soils within the groundwater table largely without compressed air, injections or To freeze up. These jacking shields are with a pressure room sealed off towards the tunnel for one Support fluid equipped, the pressure of each current earth and water pressure set accordingly and is maintained. Find as support fluid Usually thixotropic liquids - usually a bentonite suspension - Use, which, depending on the type of locomotive rock, from the face to a certain one Penetrates deep into the rock. That of the bentonite suspension permeated rock layer - the so-called filter cake - Stabilizes the working face, which makes uncontrolled Rock break-ins reliably avoided will.

The rock is attached to the face using a mechanical Removal device loosened and via pipes a separation plant located outside the tunnel room pumped. Here are rock and bentonite suspension Cut. The support fluid then becomes the Mining chamber supplied after passing through if necessary Add new bentonite suspension to the requirements of the rock standing on the face was adjusted.

Based on this principle, DE-PS 24 31 512 a tunneling shield is known in which the rock punctiform by means of a swiveling on all sides Removal arm of the rotatably mounted cutting head released or dismantled and sucked off directly on the cutting head and by from there to the rear from the excavation space of the tunnel shield is promoted.

The advantage of this jacking shield is that that the support fluid only in the immediate cutting area comes into contact with the loosened rock and can only be contaminated in this area. In the remaining liquid remains in all other areas of the extraction chamber unaffected by the loosened rock, so that it is not mixed and burdened with it. Since the Support fluid hereby their support and sealing properties longer than with previously known jacking plates retains and therefore renewed or supplemented less often needs to be distinguished from the DE-PS 24 31 512 known removal sign due to particularly low Operating costs during its deployment.

Because of this advantage, for tunnel construction in Loose stone nowadays often used as shields, based on this principle. For example from the advertising brochure "Thixschild 'System Holzmann'" by Philipp Holzmann AG has such a jacking shield known in which the rotatable cutting head Abtragarm is also telescopic, because on the one hand, a preprogrammed, very precise and layer by layer removal of the face is possible, on the other hand Obstacles, for example in the form of rocks, so-called boulder, can be cut free. After The boulders are cut free by hand using a Security gate to the rear from the removal space of the tunnel shield transported out and then transported away.

The disadvantage of this device, however, is that for the removal of the boulder as well as for maintenance or repair work on the extraction arm or on the cutting head thixotropic liquid at least in part from the Mining space lowered and by another fluid medium, through which people in the mining space in front of the working face can reach - such as compressed air or water - must be replaced. Because in this area the support effect there is basically no thixotropic liquid an increased risk during the aforementioned work of burglaries and blowouts by the maintenance team can be very dangerous during their use. This hazard is also exacerbated by the use of a mechanical Face breast sheeting before lowering the thixotropic Liquid not completely eliminated.

Another disadvantage of this jacking shield is that he - with a reasonable construction effort for the extraction arm - only for bores up to one of Suitable rock-dependent maximum diameter. Should one Larger diameter hole drilled in the rock the length variability of the extraction arm must be increased be without causing any impairment its stability comes. Also the requirements with increasing length of the arm on its pivotable Storage on the jacking plate by the increasing leverage ever greater, so that the design requirements for storage with increasing Increase the length of the arm.

Another tunneling shield is from DE 32 21 494 C1 known. This tunneling shield includes one with one Extraction head provided extraction arm, which on an orbit the working face is movable. To remove the mining material is the mining head one while moving through falling down through the lower part of the orbit coarse mining material and during moving through through the upper part of the orbit that Dismantling material assigned to the clearing bucket that is emitted to the rear.

The disadvantage of this tunneling shield is again that no measure to remove bouldering is provided is.

The invention is therefore based on the object to develop such a device so that on the one hand Work to remove bouldering from the quarry of the jacking plate and maintenance work from Operators can be made without it a lowering of the thixotropic liquid is required.

This object is achieved by the reproduced in claim 1 Driving shield in connection with the characteristics of the characterizing part of claim 10 solved.

In the tunneling shield according to the invention according to claim 1 is a separate working chamber in the mining chamber provided, which against the rear, pressure-free Area of the tunnel shield over at least one security gate is sealed and which one down has directed opening, through which they with the removal chamber communicates. The work chamber is with one for the use of suitable fluid medium by operating personnel - usually compressed air or water - pressurizable. While the jacking plate is being dismantled, the Working chamber also with the fluid support medium filled. Used to maintain the cutting head or to remove it of bouldering the use of operating personnel in the mining area required, the supporting medioum is supported by the Filling the working chamber with the for the use of the Operator suitable fluid medium under one Pressure that corresponds to the pressure of the support medium the downward opening of the working chamber this displaces without the supporting effect of the support medium would be restricted to the working face. The operating personnel can now go through a security gate from the pressure-free area of the heading shield into the Inside the work chamber and go down through it directed opening of the working chamber the desired activities make.

Maintenance and repair work are particularly easy feasible on the cutting head if the Opening a suitable for inserting the cutting head Has size, since this tampering inside the Working chamber made directly by the operating personnel can be.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention Jacking shield is the subject of the claim 3. In this the Chamber of Labor has one of the Removal chamber independent chamber housing, which in one provided in the transverse wall of the tunnel shield Bearing opening is at rest. The working chamber housing is optional from the position inside the excavation chamber towards a publisher axis that is roughly in the direction the central axis of the heading shield runs in one essentially outside the mining chamber Position under the seal opposite the bearing opening relocatable. This measure prevents the Working chamber for this during normal mining operations excessively limited space required in the excavation chamber. The configuration of the Driving shield according to claim 4, wherein the center the bearing opening above the central axis of the tunnel shield is arranged and the bearing axis of the working face seen from slightly inclined upwards, because this arrangement on the one hand a smooth introduction of the cutting head located below the opening in the Working chamber allowed, on the other hand, that for storage of the swivel arm and for the connection of pipes needed to remove the extracted rock Space restricted by the working chamber as little as possible becomes.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the Driving shield according to claim 5 is the opening of the Working chamber facing storage area of the storage opening so dimensioned that this in the essentially outside the Dismantling chamber position of the working chamber The opening is completely covered and the working chamber with it seals against the environment. Through this The Chamber of Labor can measure the use of the Fluid medium that allows operating personnel - such as compressed air or water - already filled, and the operating staff can the work chamber through the security gate Already seek this out before taking it into the mining area Opening their opening is introduced.

In order for the device according to the invention that also during the work of the operating personnel in the Working chamber through the always present at the face Support medium reduces the risk of ground collapse anyway to further reduce, it is advantageous, according to claim 6 the face of the face facing the working face Chamber housing as perpendicular to the central axis of the tunnel shield training extending support wall and to move the working chamber so far into the mining chamber that the outer surface of the end wall against the working face is pressed.

This can further increase the supportive effect be that according to claim 7 facing the working face End wall of the chamber housing over the outer circumference extends beyond the Chamber of Labor.

The relocation of the Chamber of Labor towards the According to claim 8, the displacement axis is preferably used hydraulic device.

Cut-out obstacles, the so-called boulder, as well complete cutting heads can be opened if necessary easy way to remove from the pit when in the Working chamber a gripping device that can be lowered through its opening is provided.

To be larger with a tunneling shield according to the invention To be able to produce bore diameter without doing so the mining arm and its storage an excessively high constructive effort required, one is recommended Design of the tunnel shield according to claim 10. It is the drilling capacity with regard to larger hole diameters thereby improved that the at least one arm at least pivotable outside about a pivot axis arranged in the middle on a circular carrier plate which is about the central axis of the tunnel shield rotatable in the transverse wall and with this to the rear is sealed. Through this measure, the Carrier arm with this jacking plate opposite the carrier arm a conventional tunneling shield, which in middle area of the transverse wall of the tunnel shield on all sides is pivotally mounted, on the one hand essential be shorter. Also its length adjustment range about half the value of the mining arm of a conventional tunneling shield can be reduced, which already increases the manufacturing costs for the extraction arm significantly reduced. Furthermore, the pivotability the removal arm around a swivel axis is required, there by turning the support plate and pivoting the arm around the pivot axis and corresponding change in length of the arm each point the face with the one arranged at the end of the extraction arm Cutting head can be approached.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the Driving shield according to claim 11, the dismantling arm can only be pivoted about a pivot axis because this measure a particularly simple and robust storage of the removal arm on the cross wall allowed.

Particularly advantageous configurations of the tunneling shield with regard to the orientation of the swivel axis and the location of the removal arm on the support plate are the subject of claims 12 and 13. By this measures the for the desired hole diameter required total length and the length adjustability of the removal arm minimized.

The removal arm is pivoted at a preferred embodiment of claim 14 by a hydraulic device.

A preferred embodiment of the tunneling shield according to claim 15 thereby has an increased drilling capacity on that several, independently of each other on the carrier plate pivotable support arms with attached to them Cutting heads are provided.

In the drawing, an embodiment of the Invention schematically illustrated.

Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitte durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Vortriebsschild, wobei verschiedene mögliche Stellungen des Abbauarmes und der Arbeitskammer gestrichelt dargestellt sind, sowie

Fig. 2 denselben Vortriebsschild in einer Ansicht von seiten der Ortsbrust (Ansicht A in Fig. 1).

Show it:

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a tunnel shield according to the invention, various possible positions of the extraction arm and the working chamber are shown in dashed lines, and

Fig. 2 the same tunnel shield in a view from the side of the face (view A in Fig. 1).

If in the following we speak of "front", then refer the indication to that shown in Fig. 1 on the left Face facing side of the tunnel shield, the Accordingly, "rear" refers to that of Side of the tunnel shield facing away from the face, details like "top" or "bottom" are related to those in the drawing illustrated, upright operating position of the tunnel shield.

The one designated 100 as a whole in the drawing Driving shield comprises a tubular shield jacket 1, which has a transverse wall 2 in its central region, which a front extraction chamber 3 from the rear Part 4 of the tunneling shield 100 is cut off. The front one Mining chamber 3 extends straight up to the face 5 and is in the mining operation with a support medium, for example a thixotropic liquid, filled, for the one in the transverse wall not shown in the drawing Inlet is provided. To the pressure of the support fluid in the mining chamber 3 keep it as constant as possible to be able to, is in the upper part of the transverse wall 2 with a compressible medium - e.g. Air - under one provided preselected pressure-compensating chamber 39, some of which are filled with the supporting fluid is. The compensation chamber 39 communicates with the Mining chamber 3 such that to compensate for changes in volume the extraction chamber 3 support fluid between the Chambers an exchange of support fluid takes place. At major volume changes in the mining chamber or in one considerable loss of support fluid through the face the pressure in the extraction chamber can be reduced by additional Pumping or suctioning of support liquid via the inlet can be set.

Symmetrical to the central axis M of the tunnel shield 100 is a carrier plate in the transverse wall 2 via ball bearings 7 8 rotatably mounted and via a sealing ring 9 sealed against the transverse wall 2. The rotary drive of the A hydraulic motor 6 serves as the support plate 8.

Half the radius of the hole from the central axis M is offset to the outside to dismantle or loosen the A excavation arm 10 is arranged on the face of the rock, one rotatable about the longitudinal axis L of the extraction arm Cutting head 11 includes and on the carrier plate by means a hinge assembly 12 parallel to that through the the face of the support plate 8 facing the working face and perpendicular to one radially from the center of rotation of the support plate intersecting the longitudinal axis L of the extraction arm Swivel axis is pivotally mounted. The pivoting of the Dismantling arm 10 is done by one at the back of the Carrier plate 8 arranged hydraulic cylinder 13. Das rear end 14 of the removal arm 10 is through the support plate 8 in the rear part 4 of the tunneling shield 100 through an opening 15 machined into the carrier plate 8 passed through. For sealing it is in the area of Opening part of the extraction arm 10 as a spherical Seat 16 executed and via an annular seal arrangement 17 sealed against the carrier plate 8.

In the embodiment shown in the drawing of the tunneling shield 100 according to the invention the extraction arm two telescopically interlocking Arm segments 10 ', 10 ", by means of which the length of the removal arm - As shown by the dashed line in Fig. 1 different positions of the extraction arm 10 and Cutting head 11 can be seen - for example with the help of hydraulic Actuators not shown in the drawing are varied.

Extends through the removal arm 10 and the cutting head 11 one up to the rear end 14 of the removal arm 10 reaching suction pipe 18, which the mined soil material directly at the dismantling or interface and with one in the rear part 4 of the tunneling shield 100 arranged, not shown feed pump connected is.

The carrier plate 8 has above the removal arm 10 an area widened in the direction of the bore axis 19 in which a bearing opening 20 is incorporated, which is the storage of one along a displacement axis V in the bearing opening 20 displaceable working chamber 21st serves. In the tunneling shield shown in the drawing is the displacement axis V above the Center axis M of the tunneling shield and runs - from viewed from front to back - slightly sloping upwards. The Working chamber 21 points at that shown in the drawing Embodiment a cylindrical segment Housing 22, whose lower flat 23 in the front Area 24 has a downward opening 25. The rear region 26 of the working chamber 21 is a double person lock 27 trained. The working chamber 21 is in a manner not shown in the drawing a device for loading, also not shown the working chamber 21 with a fluid medium, which gives people access to the working chamber 21 allows, such as compressed air or water, connected. During the rear shown in solid line in Fig. 1 The position of the working chamber 21 is the lower opening 25 from the lower bearing surface 28 of the bearing opening 20 completely covered and both to the chamber 3 and to the rear part 4 of the jacking shield via sealing rings 29, which extends around the entire circumference of the housing 22 extend the working chamber 21, sealed. In this Position of the working chamber 21 can be operated by the operating personnel Double lock 27 in the front area 24 of the working chamber and then use a suitable one fluid medium can be filled under a pressure which the pressure of the support liquid located in the extraction chamber 3 corresponds. Then the working chamber 21 with the help of one provided at their center Feed cylinder 30 in dashed lines in Fig. 1 shown position are shifted at the lower Opening 25 of the working chamber 21 is released. In the Opening can then - as also dashed in the drawing is shown - by pivoting and corresponding Length adjustment of the removal arm on its front End arranged cutting head in the working chamber be introduced.

Because the fluid medium in the working chamber has the same pressure as that in the mining chamber support medium for supporting the working face 5, does not penetrate this or only slightly working chamber 21 opened downward, and the operating personnel can carry out maintenance or repair work make the cutting head 11 without lowering it the support fluid in the extraction chamber 3 is required.

In the front area 24 of the working chamber 21 is the further a gripping device that can be lowered through its opening 31 provided, which for the inclusion of a dismantled Cutting head or not shown in the drawing larger pieces of overburden is provided.

The housing 22 of the working chamber 21 has a front Front side 32, which over the outer circumference of the protrudes cylindrical segment-shaped housing 22 and thus at the same time the additional support of the face 5 serves when the working chamber 21 so far into the mining chamber 3 is pushed in that the end face 32 on the Face 5 is present.

To further support the face 5 while in the removal chamber 3 to be carried out by the operating personnel Work is on the fixed part 2 'of the transverse wall 2 a mechanical foldable by means of hydraulic cylinders 33 Breast sheeting 34 is provided, by means of which in the drawing shown shield the edge area the face 5 additionally in its upper area is supported.

In the fixed part 2 'of the transverse wall 2 is above the working chamber 21 also a double person lock 35 arranged through which - if necessary - after lowering the support fluid, operating personnel directly can get into the mining chamber 3. In the lower part of the fixed part 2 'of the transverse wall 2 is further a stone lock 36 is provided, through which larger Scraps in the rear part 4 of the tunnel shield can be brought.

The tunneling shield is propelled via on the fixed part 2 of the transverse wall 2 'attacking hydraulic Feed cylinder 37, which is with her other End at the front of the existing tubbing extension 38 support. During rock extraction, the Driving shield either pushed forward continuously, or Dismantling and feed take place in succession. Then there is one significant acceleration of the propulsion can be achieved that the ground initially only along the shield edge 39 forming front end edge of the shield mantle 1 is milled, for which purpose the cutting head 11 in the Fig. 1 shown in dashed lines, exposed position and then by rotating the carrier plate along the blade edge is moved. Is the rock material along the shield edge by a segment width have already been milled off, a further tubbing expansion can already be done 38 take place while panning accordingly the arm 20 and twisting the support plate 8 the still existing core in the middle of the working face be dismantled.

Applies to the embodiment described with reference to the drawing just a jacking sign with a circular cross-section, but so it is through use a shield jacket with a correspondingly different cross section also possible with a tunneling shield according to the invention any other profiles through a customized Open the control of the removal arm and the carrier plate.

Claims (15)

1. Driving shield with an excavating chamber (3) in the front part of the shield, sealed off to the rear by a transverse wall (2) and bounded in front by the breast plate (5), and at least one digging arm (10) mounted in it for digging the ground material present against the breast plate (5), the arm being adjustable in length and pivotably mounted on the transverse wall (2) and sealed to it and including a rotatable cutting head (11) for the ground material which is moveable to any point of the breast plate (5) in operation in a supporting medium contained in the digging chamber (3) and present under pressure,
      characterised in that,
      a working chamber (21) sealed by at least one air lock (27) for personnel with respect to the rear unpressurised part (4) of the shield (100) and capable of being put under pressure from a fluid medium is provided in the excavating chamber (3) and has a downwardly directed opening (25) through which it communicates with the excavating chamber (3).
2. Driving shield according to claim 1, characterised in that, the opening (25) is of a size suitable for the introduction of the cutting head (11).
3. Driving shield according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that, the working chamber (21) has a separate chamber housing (22) which rests in a bearing opening (20) provided in the transverse wall and is displaceable at will from the position lying within the excavating chamber (3) in the direction of a displacement axis (V) which extends approximately in the direction of the central axis (M) of the driving shield (100), into a position lying substantially outside the excavating chamber (3), the housing being sealed with respect to the bearing opening (20).
4. Driving shield according to claim 3, characterised in that, the centre of the bearing opening (20) is arranged above the central axis (M) of the shield (100) and the axis (V) of displacement extends slightly upwardly inclined, looking from the breast plate (5).
5. Driving shield according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that, the bearing face (28) of the bearing opening (20) which faces towards the opening (25) in the working chamber (21), when the working chamber (21) is present in the position substantially outside the excavating chamber (3), completely overlies the opening (25) and closes off the working chamber (21) in a sealing manner from the surroundings.
6. Driving shield according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterised in that, the end face of the chamber housing which faces towards the breast plate (5) is in the form of a supporting wall (32) extending perpendicular to the central axis of the shield and the working chamber (21) is capable of being displaced far enough into the excavating chamber (3) so that the outer face of end wall (32) can be pressed against the breast plate (5).
7. Driving shield according to claim 6, characterised in that, the end wall (32) of the chamber housing (22) which faces towards the breast plate (5) extends beyond the outer periphery of the working chamber (21).
8. Driving shield according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterised in that, a hydraulic cylinder (30) serves for displacing the working chamber.
9. Driving shield according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that, a gripping device (31) for receiving a cutting head (11) or larger clearing tools is provided in the working chamber (21) and capable of being lowered through the opening (25).
10. Driving shield according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that, at least one digging arm (10) is arranged on a circular supporting plate (8) to be capable of pivoting about an off-centre pivotal axis, the supporting plate being mounted in the transverse wall (2) in a sealing manner and capable of rotation approximately about the central axis (M).
11. Driving shield according to claim 10, characterised in that, the at least one digging arm (10) is capable of pivoting about exactly one pivotal axis.
12. Driving shield according to claim 11, characterised in that, the pivotal axis runs parallel to the surface of the supporting plate (8) which faces towards the breast plate (5) and perpendicular to a straight line running radially from the point of rotation of the supporting plate and intersecting the longitudinal axis (L) of the respective digging arm (10).
13. Driving shield according to one of claim 10 to 12, characterised in that, the digging arm is arranged on the supporting plate (8) radially off-set outwards from the central axis (M) of the shield (100) by about half the boring radius.
14. Driving shield according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterised in that, a hydraulic device (13) is provided for pivoting the digging arm (10).
15. Driving shield according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterised in that, a number of independently pivotable digging arms are mounted on the supporting plate.

Images