EP0767733A1 - Procede et dispositif de fabrication d'objets par stereolithographie - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de fabrication d'objets par stereolithographie

Info

Publication number
EP0767733A1
EP0767733A1 EP96914108A EP96914108A EP0767733A1 EP 0767733 A1 EP0767733 A1 EP 0767733A1 EP 96914108 A EP96914108 A EP 96914108A EP 96914108 A EP96914108 A EP 96914108A EP 0767733 A1 EP0767733 A1 EP 0767733A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
layer
bath
solidified
container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96914108A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen Serbin
Peter Wolff
Gabriele Krug
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EOS GmbH
Original Assignee
EOS GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EOS GmbH filed Critical EOS GmbH
Publication of EP0767733A1 publication Critical patent/EP0767733A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C41/12—Spreading-out the material on a substrate, e.g. on the surface of a liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/188—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
    • B29C64/194—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control during lay-up
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for producing an object by means of stenography, according to the preamble of claims 1 and 14, respectively.
  • Such a device is known from DE 41 34 265 C.
  • the scraper described there can be formed with a non-stick coating or from a material with poor adhesion properties. If such a scraper has low adhesion forces, there is a risk that the contact between the scraper and the liquid plastic material will tear off locally when the scraper is scraped off. This can lead to so-called "dewetting". If, on the other hand, the scraper is formed from a material with a large surface tension, experience has shown that irregular coatings occur since the plastic material rises again on the rear side seen in the direction of travel of the scraper.
  • a liquid layer of the light-curable resin is applied by lowering the object in a bath by more than the desired layer thickness and then raising the object to a height below the bath surface corresponding to the intended layer thickness.
  • EP 0 250 121 the application of the material for the layer from above via an inlet is known, from WO91 / 12120 via a spray tube.
  • the speed at which a desired layer thickness is set is not yet optimal.
  • coating methods are known in which a stripper is used.
  • the carrier carrying the object to be formed becomes lowered in a bath of liquid, light-curable plastic material by an amount corresponding to the desired layer thickness, with unconsolidated material flowing over the edge of the last consolidated layer.
  • the material is brushed over the last solidified layer.
  • the coating process can also be accelerated by lowering the carrier in the bath by more than the intended layer thickness and then brushing it over with the stripper.
  • these methods have the disadvantage that the layer thickness produced is considerably higher than the desired layer thickness.
  • a further known variant of a coating method is the so-called coater channel process, in which, with a discrete pumping process, the amount of resin displaced during lowering is pumped all at once into a coater channel located in the wiping direction or wiping direction in front of the wiper and is discharged from there through an outlet located there directly in front of the scraper.
  • the quantity of resin is discharged exponentially from the coating trough over the surface to be coated depending on the current fill level in the coating trough, ie the less resin is present in the coating trough, the less is dispensed. This leads to a layer thickness decreasing over the coating path.
  • a general problem when using a known scraper is the interaction of the scraper with the resin or the plastic material used, which leads to the "dewetting" already mentioned.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device and a method for producing a three-dimensional object by means of stereolithography, with which an improvement in the component accuracy is possible.
  • the setting of the layer thickness should be facilitated.
  • the object is achieved by a device according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 14.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the device of a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of the scraper
  • Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the metering device of Fig. 5;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a problem encountered using a conventional scraper
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic view of another one
  • a container 1 which is open on its surface, is filled to a level or a surface 2 with a light-curable, liquid plastic material 3, for example a UV-curable resin.
  • a carrier 4 with an essentially flat and horizontal carrier plate 5, which is arranged parallel to the surface 2 and by means of a schematically indicated displacement or height adjustment device 6 perpendicular to the surface 2 or can be moved up and down to the support plate 5 and positioned.
  • the object 7, which is constructed from a plurality of layers 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d, each extending parallel to the surface 2 and to the carrier plate 5, is located on the carrier plate 5 in the manner described later.
  • a device 8 for solidifying the uppermost layer 7d adjoining the surface contains an illumination device 9 with a light source, which generates a bundled light beam 11 via optics 10.
  • a deflection mirror 12 is arranged approximately in the middle above the container 1, which is gimbally suspended and can be pivoted by a schematically indicated pivoting device 13 such that the light beam 11 directed at the mirror 12 from the mirror 12 as a reflected light beam 14 can be positioned at essentially any point on the surface 2.
  • two rotating mirrors, each for one coordinate direction, can be used in a known manner.
  • a scraper 15 Arranged on the open top of the container 1 is a scraper 15, indicated schematically in FIG. 1, which extends essentially transversely over the area of the container 1 which is open at the top, and with a displacement device 26 for displacing the scraper 15 in a horizontal plane over the Surface 2 is coupled in a direction 30 substantially perpendicular to the extent of the stripper 15.
  • the displacement device 26 is designed in such a way that it allows the scraper 15 to be displaced at an adjustable, variable speed.
  • a computer 24 is coupled to the lighting device 9, to the swivel device 13, to the height adjustment device 6 and to the displacement device 26 for carrying out the stereolithography known per se.
  • the stripper 15 has a base body 16 made of a first material.
  • a material layer which forms a first surface area 17 and can be brought into contact with the material 3 to be smoothed, is applied to the front surface in the direction of movement indicated by the arrow 30. This application can be done, for example, by gluing to the base body.
  • the base body has a corresponding recess into which the coating material forming the first surface area is applied, for example by gluing.
  • the base body 16 is formed from a material made of Viton or PTFE or a material with a correspondingly low surface tension value. A coating of aluminum or steel or a material with a correspondingly high surface tension value is provided on the front side.
  • the modified embodiment shown in FIG. 3 differs from the aforementioned one in that a base body 18 is formed from a material such as aluminum or steel or a material with a correspondingly high surface tension value.
  • the back is coated on a surface area 19 with a material made of Viton or PTFE or a material with a correspondingly low surface tension value. This coating can be done by sticking on the surface.
  • the base body 18 has a recess on its rear side, in which a layer of Viton or PTFE is applied to form the second surface area 19.
  • the scraper as seen in the direction of advance indicated by arrow 30, is composed of a pre-scraper 20 and an actual one Scraper element 21 is formed.
  • the two are connected on their upper side to a common yoke 22, with which the stripper thus formed is mounted in a holder of the device, which is connected to the drive 16.
  • the preliminary scraper 20 located at the front in the feed direction is made of aluminum or steel or a material with a correspondingly high surface tension value.
  • the subsequent stripper element 21 is formed from a material such as Viton or PTFE or a material with a correspondingly low surface tension value.
  • a further embodiment of the device according to the invention which is shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, has, in addition to or instead of the scraper 15 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a coating device 50 with which the amount applied or the resin volume is metered so precisely can be that the desired layer thickness is established without the stripper is required as a means for adjusting the layer thickness.
  • the coating device 50 has a metering device 51 arranged above the bath surface 2, which extends transversely over the work surface or the bath surface 2, and on its underside 52 facing the bath surface 2 has a gap 53 which extends over the entire underside.
  • the metering device 51 has two parts or jaws 54a and 54b which have a substantially rectangular cross section in a plane perpendicular to the bath surface 2.
  • the jaws 54a and 54b are screwed together by means of screws 55 and spacers 56 so that their mutually facing surface between them form the gap 53 of the metering device 51.
  • the gap 53 between the parts 54a and 54b is sealed by a flexible seal 58, for example made of rubber or silicone.
  • One of the jaws 54a has in its side facing the other jaw 54b a channel-shaped recess 59 which extends over the entire width of the bath surface 2 and which serves to receive a certain amount of resin via an inlet not shown in FIG that a small resin reservoir can always be held in the channel-shaped recess 59.
  • the channel-shaped recess 59 is closed at its end which is not connected to the inlet, so that the resin can only escape through the gap 53.
  • the jaws 54a and 54b each have, on the mutually facing sides, an approach 60a and 60b, approximately triangular in cross section and each extending over the entire width of the bath surface 2.
  • the lugs 60a, 60b together with the gap 53 in between form a kind of nozzle for the exit of the resin.
  • the gap width B ie the distance between the two jaws 54a and 54b, can be adjusted via a suitable choice of the spacers 56.
  • the gap width B is usually about one layer thickness, ie a few tenths of a millimeter.
  • the dosing device 51 can be adjusted in height above the bath surface 2 by means of a height adjustment device (not shown). In the described embodiment, the height is set so that the outlet opening of the nozzle 60a, 60b is located directly above the bath surface 2, so that it does not just touch it.
  • a wiper is attached to the metering device 51 on the side, which lies behind the gap 53 in the direction of movement when the layer is applied.
  • the scraper serves to smooth the material emerging from the gap 53.
  • the dosing device is equipped with the Connected sliding device 26, which is controlled so that it allows the metering device 51 to be displaced at an adjustable, variable speed w parallel to the bath surface 2.
  • an inlet 61 of the gap 53 of the metering device 51 is connected via a line 62 to the resin bath 3 in the container 1, a leak-free, continuously conveying pump 63 being connected between the bath and the metering device 51 .
  • the pump 63 conveys the resin 3 from the container 1 via the line 62 into the metering device 51 under a preset pressure.
  • the pump 63 is preferably designed as a bellows pump with a large stroke volume. The stroke volume of the pump 63 is so large that only one stroke is necessary during a coating process. In this embodiment, the pressure supplied by the pump 63 is approximately 1 bar.
  • the pump 63 is controlled via a controller 65 in such a way that it pumps the resin 3 with a constant, preset volume flow irrespective of the back pressure, e.g. promotes due to different viscosity of the plastic.
  • the controller 65 is also designed so that the volume flow of the resin 3 to be conveyed can be regulated over the entire length of the displacement of the metering device 51, whereby a metering of the resin 3 emerging through the gap 53 is achieved.
  • the control 65 of the pump is connected to the central control 24, so that the control of the pump 63 can be controlled by a computer contained in this central control.
  • the resin volume flow exiting through the gap 53 can thus be regulated as a function of the respective desired layer thickness.
  • the attachment 60a, 60b of the metering device 51 is not directly above the bath surface 2 but at a distance D, for example 3 to 5 millimeters, above it.
  • the pump 63 becomes continuous with a small stroke volume operated, ie several strokes are required per shift application. In this case, the pump 63 reaches a high delivery pressure of up to 5 bar.
  • the pump 63 is connected to a pressure accumulator 66, via which a gas volume is introduced into the line 62 to keep the high delivery pressure constant.
  • the pump 63 is carried along with the metering device.
  • the measuring device for measuring the level of the surface of the deposited layer or the surface of a reference component.
  • the reference component can be, for example, a cube built at the edge of the work area.
  • the thickness of the layers to be applied is predetermined by the measuring device.
  • the gap width B is set to approximately the size of the desired layer thickness by selecting suitable spacers.
  • the setting also takes place as a function of the viscosity of the resin used.
  • the carrier 4 in the container 1 is lowered by the height adjustment device 6 by the amount corresponding to the desired layer thickness.
  • the pump 63 then conveys a certain amount of resin 3 from the container 1, the stroke volume of the delivery pump being set such that the amount conveyed is sufficient for the application of a new layer. Then the shift Device 26 is controlled in such a way that the metering device is moved over the bath surface 2, the resin flowing via line 62 into the gap 53 being applied to the surface of the previously solidified layer via the gap or the nozzle 60a, 60b of the metering device 51 becomes.
  • the scraper 15 attached behind the metering device 51 in the direction of movement smoothes the applied layer of resin 3.
  • a uniform distribution of the applied material in the direction of movement of the metering device is achieved by coordinating the flow rate and the speed of movement w of the metering device.
  • the coating volume can be varied while the metering device is moving. For example, components can be positioned in the construction field so that they can be coated with different amounts of resin.
  • the pivoting device 13 is controlled so that the deflected light beam 14 strikes the desired points in the layer and the resin 3 hardens there.
  • the metering device 51 is adjusted in height at the beginning of the construction process such that the nozzle 60a, 60b is at a distance D of, for example, 3-5 mm above that Bath surface 2 is located.
  • the carrier 4 in a first step the carrier 4 is in the container 1 by the desired layer thickness corresponding dimension lowered.
  • the pump 63 is operated with a high delivery pressure of up to 5 bar.
  • a smaller stroke volume than the corresponding layer volume is set via the controller 65, so that the pump 63 executes several strokes during a coating process and thus pumps continuously.
  • the pressure accumulator 66 ensures a constant pressure of the resin 3 in the feed line 61 to the gap 53.
  • the speed v of the resin 3 in the gap 53 is so high that a film 70 is built up which, like 7a and 7b, emerges from the underside of the nozzle 60a, 60b and is deposited on the previously solidified layer or unconsolidated areas of the previous layer.
  • the speed w of the movement of the metering device 51 and the delivery pressure of the pump 63 are set so that the resin emerging from the nozzle 60a, 60b forms a film 70 with a width corresponding to the desired layer thickness h, which corresponds to the solidified areas of the previous layer (FIG. 7b) or on the unsolidified areas of the previous layer (FIG. 7a).
  • the layer is solidified at the locations corresponding to the object.
  • the advantages of the described coating methods and the associated devices are, on the one hand, the avoidance of the above-mentioned adverse effects and, on the other hand, the easy adjustment and variation of the layer thickness.
  • the layer thickness can be easily adjusted by the gap width, the speed of the movement of the metering device and the set delivery volume of the pump. Eliminate a high delivery pressure and a correspondingly high pressure drop in the narrow gap the influence of gravity on the amount emerging from the gap and therefore increase the accuracy of the layer thickness.
  • the layer thickness can easily be adapted to the desired component properties.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de fabrication d'objets par stéréolithographie qui comprend une cuve (1) qui contient un bain de matériau liquide ou pulvérulent solidifiable par exposition à un rayonnement électromagnétique. Comme dans l'état antérieur de l'art, le dispositif comprend un support (4) de positionnement de l'objet par rapport à la surface (2) du bain et un dispositif (8) de solidification d'une couche située à la surface du matériau (3) par exposition à un rayonnement électromagnétique. Afin de pouvoir ajuster l'épaisseur de la couche avec une haute précision, le dispositif de fabrication d'objets par stéréolithographie comprend un dispositif (51) d'amenée du matériau solidifiable (3) qui s'étend transversalement au-dessus de la cuve et qui est pourvu d'un orifice de sortie (53) situé en bas du dispositif d'amenée dans sa position de travail. Un canal situé à l'intérieur du dispositif d'amenée est relié à l'orifice de sortie (53) et à un certain endroit est relié à une pompe (63) par un conduit (62).
EP96914108A 1995-04-25 1996-04-24 Procede et dispositif de fabrication d'objets par stereolithographie Withdrawn EP0767733A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19515165 1995-04-25
DE19515165A DE19515165C2 (de) 1995-04-25 1995-04-25 Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Objektes mittels Stereolithographie
PCT/EP1996/001703 WO1996033859A1 (fr) 1995-04-25 1996-04-24 Procede et dispositif de fabrication d'objets par stereolithographie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0767733A1 true EP0767733A1 (fr) 1997-04-16

Family

ID=7760310

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96105432A Expired - Lifetime EP0739704B1 (fr) 1995-04-25 1996-04-04 Dispositif pour produire un objet par stéréolithographie
EP96914108A Withdrawn EP0767733A1 (fr) 1995-04-25 1996-04-24 Procede et dispositif de fabrication d'objets par stereolithographie

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96105432A Expired - Lifetime EP0739704B1 (fr) 1995-04-25 1996-04-04 Dispositif pour produire un objet par stéréolithographie

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US5665401A (fr)
EP (2) EP0739704B1 (fr)
JP (4) JP3136161B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE19515165C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996033859A1 (fr)

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WO1996033859A1 (fr) 1996-10-31
US5904889A (en) 1999-05-18
DE19515165A1 (de) 1996-10-31
JPH09511709A (ja) 1997-11-25
JP3136161B2 (ja) 2001-02-19
JPH11333937A (ja) 1999-12-07
DE59602515D1 (de) 1999-09-02
JP2001105503A (ja) 2001-04-17
EP0739704B1 (fr) 1999-07-28
JPH08309864A (ja) 1996-11-26
DE19515165C2 (de) 1997-03-06
US5665401A (en) 1997-09-09
EP0739704A1 (fr) 1996-10-30

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