Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
  • C10J3/60—Processes
  • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
  • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
  • C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
  • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
  • C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
  • C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing fuel gas from water- and ballast-containing organic substances, such as coal, municipal and industrial sludges, wood and biomass, municipal and industrial waste and refuse, as well as waste products, residues and others.
• the invention can be used in particular for the energetic utilization of biomass and wood from cyclically cultivated agricultural areas, in particular recultivated mining areas and thus for the design of carbon dioxide-neutral conversion of natural fuels into mechanical and thermal energy as well as for the useful disposal of municipalities, businesses, Agriculture and industry of waste, other organic waste, residues, by-products and waste products.
• processes for combustion, degassing and gasification individually or in combination determine the state of the art with the following objectives: - Production of combustion gas as a heat energy source for generating steam by combustion, - Production of high-calorific solid and liquid fuels, such as coke, charcoal and liquid, oil-like tars through smoldering, degassing and gasification, - production of fuel gas while avoiding solid and liquid fuels through complete gasification.
• combustion gas as a heat energy source for generating steam by combustion
• high-calorific solid and liquid fuels such as coke, charcoal and liquid, oil-like tars through smoldering
• degassing and gasification - production of fuel gas while avoiding solid and liquid fuels through complete gasification.
• the process control decides whether the liquid and large molecular carbonization products are obtained or whether they are also gasified by oxidation.
• the oldest type of gasification is gasification in a fixed bed, with the fuel and gasification agent being moved in countercurrent to one another. These processes achieve the highest possible gasification efficiency with the lowest possible oxygen requirement.
• the disadvantage of this type of gasification is that the fuel gas and all known liquid smoldering products are contained in the gasification gas.
• this type of gasification requires lumpy fuel.
• the gasification in the fluidized bed, known as Winkler gasification largely, but not completely, eliminated this deficiency in fixed bed gasification.
• the necessary tar-free nature of the gasification gas is not always achieved.
• the oxygen consumption is significantly higher.
• the temperature level of the Winkler gasification means that a large part of the carbon that is introduced is not converted into fuel gas, but is removed from the process in the form of dust and, bound to the ash. This deficiency in the gasification technology can be avoided with the high-temperature entrained-flow gasification processes, which generally work above the melting point of the ash.
• DE 42 09 549 remedies this deficiency by preceding the combination partial-stream combustion / endothermic entrained-flow gasification with pyrolysis for the thermal processing of the fuels, in particular waste materials.
• the shortcoming of this process is that here the hot gasification agent is produced by burning the pyrolysis coke with air and / or oxygen and that the olefins, aromatics and others. containing carbonization gas is used for the reduction.
• the aim of the invention is to propose a process for the gasification of organic substances, in particular those containing water and ballast, which release the inorganic portion of these substances as a glazed, elution-resistant product and the organic substance of these substances to tar-free fuel gas, which also leads to synthesis gas can be prepared, converted, with lower consumption of oxygen-containing gasification gas compared to the prior art of entrained-flow gasification higher gasification efficiency, based on the applied chemical enthalpy of the fuel gas.
• the technical problem to be solved of the invention is to convert a portion of the physical enthalpy, which is required for reaching the temperature level above the melting point of the inorganic portion of the substances to be gasified, back into chemical enthalpy in the course of the process.
• the ballast-rich organic substances with their organic and water fractions by direct or indirect supply of physical enthalpy of the gasification gas and dried at 350 to 500 ° C and thus in carbonization gas, which contains the liquid hydrocarbons and the water vapor, and coke, which mainly contains carbon in addition to the inorganic component, are thermally broken down,
• the carbonization gas at temperatures above the melting temperature of the inorganic portion of the organic substances with air and / or oxygen, oxygen-containing exhaust gases, e.g. from gas turbines or internal combustion engines, preferably at 1200 to 2000 ° C., with the separation of molten inorganic components with an air ratio of 0.8 to 1.3, based on the theoretical air requirement for complete combustion, to be burned to combustion gas,
• the combustion gas from the second process stage is converted into gasification gas and the gas temperature is lowered to 800 to 900 ° C by smoldering coke from the first process stage, possibly ground to fuel dust, into the 1200 to 2000 ° C hot combustion gas is blown in, which partially reduces the carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide and the water vapor partially to hydrogen, -
• the gasification gas from the third process stage possibly after indirect and / or direct cooling, is processed into fuel gas in which it is dedusted and chemically cleaned and the resulting carbon-containing dust from the combustion of the carbonization gas in the second process stage is fed.
• the benefit of the invention is that the inorganic substance of ballast-containing organic substances is converted into a glazed, elution-resistant building material, while reducing the need for oxygen-containing gasifying agent to the level of fluidized-bed gasification and complete gasification of the organic substance at a temperature level that Winkler gasification corresponds and, measured by the chemical enthalpy of the fuel gas, higher gasification efficiency compared to the prior art.
• This feed material is shredded to an edge length of 20 to 50 mm in a shredder (1) and, via a gas-tight lock system (2), into an indirectly heated smoldering chamber (3) working under normal pressure, in which the feed material is mechanically moved if necessary, brought in. Due to the indirect supply of heat (4), the feed dries and smoldering, and at a final temperature of 400 to 500 ° C it breaks down into approx. 405 kg of solid, which consists almost 40% of carbon, while the rest is formed by minerals, glass, iron and non-ferrous metals as well as heavy metals and ash, and 595 kg of carbonization gas, which consists of almost two thirds of water vapor, and all other known liquid and contains gaseous smoldering products.
• the solids from the carbonization are separated under carbonization gas in a sieve (5) into a coarse fraction mainly containing minerals, glass and metal scrap with an edge length greater than 5 mm and a small-grain carbon carrier.
• the coarse fraction is discharged from the process via gas-tight lock systems (6) and, if necessary, fed to a separation.
• the carbon carrier remains in the system and is fed to a reduction chamber (9) via a continuous mill (7) and a pneumatic conveying system (8) that uses recirculated fuel gas as the conveying medium.
• the inorganic portion of the carbon carrier is deposited mildly in the reduction chamber (9) carbon not used in a gas dedusting (10) and together with the carbonization gas generated in the carbonization chamber (3) is fed to a melting chamber furnace (11) and there with oxygen above the melting temperature of the inorganic Burned substance of the carbon carrier.
• the resulting liquid slag is discharged into a water bath (12) and from there it is removed from the process as elution-resistant building material granules.
• the 1200 to 2000 ° C hot combustion gas passes from the smelting chamber (11) into the reduction chamber (9), where part of its carbon dioxide and water vapor reacts endothermically with the carbon carrier to carbon monoxide and hydrogen, causing the gas temperature to reach 800 to 900 ° C drops.
• the supply of the carbon-containing dust accumulating in the gas dedusting (10) to the melting chamber furnace (11) is likewise carried out with a pneumatic conveyor system (13) which uses fuel gas which is recirculated as the carrier medium.
• the composition of the fuel gas generated in this way corresponds to a fuel gas that is produced at 800 to 900 ° C during the gasification of the organic substance of the feed material with oxygen under normal pressure. It is comparable to a gasification gas generated by the fluidized bed gasification process when an oxygen-water vapor mixture is used as the gasification agent.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
• Industrial Gases (AREA)
• Catalysts (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

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• 1994
  • 1994-02-15 DE DE4404673A patent/DE4404673C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1995
  • 1995-02-08 BR BR9506803A patent/BR9506803A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1995-02-08 WO PCT/EP1995/000443 patent/WO1995021903A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1995-02-08 CA CA002183326A patent/CA2183326C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-02-08 JP JP52095795A patent/JP4057645B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-02-08 EP EP95908915A patent/EP0745114B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-02-08 ES ES95908915T patent/ES2132638T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-02-08 AU AU17059/95A patent/AU1705995A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-02-08 DE DE59505441T patent/DE59505441D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-02-08 DK DK95908915T patent/DK0745114T3/da active
  • 1995-02-08 AT AT95908915T patent/ATE178086T1/de active
  • 1995-02-08 US US08/693,167 patent/US5849050A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1996
  • 1996-08-08 NO NO19963301A patent/NO315125B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1999
  • 1999-04-16 GR GR990401061T patent/GR3029982T3/el unknown

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