EP0742439B1 - Capteur accélérométrique capacitif miniature - Google Patents
Capteur accélérométrique capacitif miniature Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0742439B1 EP0742439B1 EP19960401022 EP96401022A EP0742439B1 EP 0742439 B1 EP0742439 B1 EP 0742439B1 EP 19960401022 EP19960401022 EP 19960401022 EP 96401022 A EP96401022 A EP 96401022A EP 0742439 B1 EP0742439 B1 EP 0742439B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- mobile
- sensor
- fixed
- abutment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P15/125—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by capacitive pick-up
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sensor miniature capacitive accelerometer, of the type which includes first and second fixed electrodes arranged in substantially parallel planes and a movable electrode sensitive to the action of inertial forces, this electrode mobile being arranged so as to define first and second electrical capacitors with the first and second electrodes, respectively, and means sensitive to the difference in capabilities of these capacitors to deduce a measure of acceleration supported by the movable sensor electrode.
- a first type of sensor ( Figure 7 of the document) is mounted on a semiconductor substrate. It includes a movable metal plate mounted above the substrate via a pedestal and torsion bars that allow a rotation of the plate around its pedestal under the effect acceleration normally oriented to the surface of the plate and substrate.
- the latter consists of a semiconductor layer covered with an insulating layer.
- the semiconductor layer incorporates an integrated circuit of signals transmitted by the sensor.
- On the insulating layer are formed of the first and second fixed electrodes, arranged on either side of the axis of rotation of the plate, or mobile electrode, so that constitute first and second variable capacitors on either side of this axis.
- the sensor described in the aforementioned document includes two capacitors arranged side by side, of which cannot reduce bulk on the substrate surface that by reducing the surface of the electrodes of capacitors, thereby reducing sensitivity of the sensor.
- a second type of sensor described in the document DE 44 26 590 includes a set of electrodes which are at least partially superimposed on each other others, the movable electrode being in the form of an anchored beam by one end on the fixed support.
- the counterweight is made by fixing a bar on one of the edges of the movable electrode in the plane thereof.
- the flyweight is formed by a layer metallic fixed on one of the large faces of the movable electrode.
- the present invention therefore aims to provide a capacitive accelerometric sensor having overall a construction according to the second type of sensor described above, but in which we can choose for the counterweight a comparatively large mass without disturb the electrical behavior of the sensor.
- the invention therefore relates to a sensor accelerometer as defined in claim 1.
- the flyweight is located in outside the measurement space defined by the overlay of the three electrodes, we are free to choose the size and adapt it to the specific sensitivity that we want to give this or that sensor, without the size of the sensor becomes significant.
- the invention therefore provides great flexibility in the design and realization of an accelerometric sensor.
- the mobile electrode present at its free end, outside the space occupied by superimposed electrodes an enlarged part which is also occupied by the flyweight.
- this includes a fixed stop to limit the movement of the mobile electrode, and therefore prevent thus a deterioration of the sensor.
- the accelerometric sensor according to the invention represented in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a miniature sensor, with an area of a few mm 2 , carried by a semiconductor substrate containing an integrated circuit ensuring the electrical supply of the sensor and the exploitation of the electrical signals delivered by the sensor.
- the scale of Figures 1 and 2, depending on the thickness of the sensor, is greatly expanded to show more clearly its constitution.
- the sensor thus essentially comprises first (1) and second (2) fixed electrodes and a third mobile electrode 3. These three electrodes are superimposed above the substrate 4, the mobile electrode 3 passing freely between the electrodes 1 and 2, the three electrodes being generally parallel to each other and to the substrate 4.
- the electrode 1 is formed by one or more layers of metal deposited on top of each other above a passivation layer formed on the substrate.
- the electrode 2 is also formed by a layer metal taking the form of an arch (see Figure 2) passing over the first electrode 1 and the movable electrode 3, the arch resting on two anchors side 5, 6 secured to the substrate 4.
- the movable electrode 3 takes the form of a beam anchored in the substrate 4 at one end 3 1 , the other end 3 2 of the beam being free.
- the beam 3 supports, in the vicinity of this free end 3 2, a counterweight 7 capable of increasing its moment of inertia around an axis passing through its anchoring 3 1 .
- a stop 8 limits, with the substrate 4 itself, the movement of the beam 3 around its rest position.
- the stop 8 also forms an arch above the end of the beam, this arch resting on anchors (not shown) similar to anchors 5, 6 of electrode 2.
- Such a sensor is capable of detecting accelerations developing along an axis perpendicular to the plane of the substrate 4.
- the electrode is vis-à-vis such accelerations as a blade vibrant thanks to its inertia, amplified by the flyweight 7.
- By vibrating the electrode 3 varies in opposite directions the capacitors of the capacitors constituted by the electrodes 1, 3 on the one hand, 2, 3 on the other.
- a conventional differential detection of these variations of capacities ensured by an electronic circuit designed for this effect, integrated in the substrate to the right of the sensor and connected to the three electrodes 1, 2 and 3 by three links electrical (not shown), allows to go back to the amplitude of the acceleration causing these vibration.
- the area occupied by the sensor on the substrate is advantageously reduced significantly by compared to that occupied by the two capacitors arranged side by side in the sensor of the aforementioned document (figure 7).
- the inertia of the mobile electrode 3 can be greatly increased by the counterweight 7 which can, according to the invention, extend transversely and longitudinally on the mobile electrode 3, on a surface whose can at manufacture adjust the extent at will.
- a counterweight 7 of a given mass can be formed on the electrode 3, capable of giving the sensor a predetermined sensitivity suitable for such or such application.
- Another means of action on this sensitivity consists in acting on the stiffness of the mobile electrode and on its anchoring 3 1 on the substrate, by appropriately choosing the dimensions, and in particular the thickness of the electrode, as well as the geometry of the anchor 3 1 , geometry which can be modified substantially by perforations or selectively arranged cutouts.
- the vibrations of the electrode 3 are damped by providing openings 10 i regularly arranged through the electrode 3, these openings allowing a gaseous fluid surrounding this electrode to pass from one side towards the other of it.
- the sensor being encapsulated, it is possible to choose the gas enclosed in the capsule and the dimensions of the openings 10 i to ensure such or such damping, by viscous friction of the gas against the electrode 3 in the openings 10 i .
- the stop 8 serves to prevent a violent shock breaking the anchoring 3 1 of the electrode 3.
- the substrate 4 plays the same role at the other terminal of the travel of the free end 3 2 of the electrode 3.
- the electrical potential of the stop 8 may disturb that of the electrode if they are different, or even cause sticking. of this electrode on this stop.
- these disturbances can be prevented by establishing a permanent electrical connection between the stop 8 and the electrode 3, by means of a conductive line (not shown) drawn on the substrate 4.
- This line advantageously passes through a contact 9 formed at the point of possible impact of the electrode 3 on the substrate, for the same reasons.
- the contact 9 and the stop 8, while being isolated from the mobile electrode 3, can be connected by through said conductive line to a control device (not shown) capable of trigger an emergency action, for example.
- a control device capable of trigger an emergency action, for example.
- the mobile electrode 3 as a result of a violent shock, strikes either the stop 8 or the contact 9, it may cause the production of an acting signal said control device.
- the sensor is incorporated in a motor vehicle, the latter can then trigger for example the deployment of an airbag vehicle occupant protection, or any other emergency action.
- FIG. 3 shows in Figure 3, in longitudinal section, a variant of the sensor of Figures 1 and 2, identical reference numerals identifying identical or similar elements or bodies in all these figures.
- the longitudinal positions of the mass 7 and of the stop 8 are reversed with respect to those observed in FIG. 1.
- the stop 8 and the contact 9 cooperate with protuberances 11 and 12, respectively, projecting from the electrode 3 to limit the travel of this electrode under strong accelerations.
- FIG. 3 shows the box 4 1 which contains in the semiconductor substrate 4, the integrated circuit associated with the sensor.
- the accelerometric sensor according to the invention can be made by photolithographic techniques of deposition of metal layers by electrodeposition, to constitute the electrodes, and deposit layers sacrificial between the metal layers, these deposits being operated on a semiconductor substrate isolated by a passivation layer and including the circuit electronic supplying power to electrodes and processing the signals delivered by the sensor, i.e. the voltages across the two capacitors (1, 3) and (2, 3).
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pressure Sensors (AREA)
Description
- les figures 1 et 2 sont des coupes longitudinale et transversale, respectivement, du capteur selon l'invention suivant les traits de coupe I et II, et,
- la figure 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une variante du capteur des figures 1 et 2.
Claims (12)
- Capteur accélérométrique capacitif, du type qui comprenddes première (1) et deuxième (2) électrodes fixes disposées dans des plans sensiblement parallèlesune électrode mobile (3) sensible à l'action de forces d'inertie, cette électrode étant agencée de manière à définir des premier (1,3) et deuxième (2,3) condensateurs électriques avec les première (1) et deuxième (2) électrodes respectivement, les première (1) et deuxième (2) électrodes étant superposées et disposées de part et d'autre de l'électrode mobile (3), le capteur comprenant également une masselotte (7) fixée sur l'électrode mobile qui prend la forme d'une poutre ancrée par une extrémité (31) sur un support fixe (4) solidaire des première (1) et deuxième (2) électrodes etdes moyens sensibles à la différence des capacités desdits condensateurs pour en déduire une mesure de l'accélération supportée par l'électrode mobile (3) du capteur,caractérisé en ce que ladite masselotte (7) est prévue au voisinage de l'extrémité libre (32) de ladite poutre (3) en dehors de l'espace occupé par lesdites première (1) et deuxième (2) électrodes fixes.
- Capteur conforme à la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce l'électrode mobile (3) présente à son extrémité libre en dehors dudit espace occupé par lesdites première (1) et deuxième (2) électrodes, une partie élargie (33) et en ce que ladite masselotte (7) repose également sur ladite partie élargie (33) de l'électrode mobile (3).
- Capteur conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une butée fixe (8,9) pour limiter le débattement de l'électrode mobile (3).
- Capteur conforme à la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ladite butée (8, 9) est métallique et en ce qu'une liaison électrique connecte en permanence l'électrode mobile et cette butée (8).
- Capteur conforme à la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ladite butée (8, 9) est métallique et en ce qu'une liaison électrique connecte ladite butée (8, 9) à un dispositif de commande susceptible de déclencher une action d'urgence dans au moins une position extrême de ladite électrode mobile (3).
- Capteur conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode mobile (3) porte au moins une excroissance (11) qui coopère avec la butée (8, 9) pour définir le débattement maximal de ladite électrode (3).
- Capteur conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que, au droit des première (1) et deuxième(2) électrodes, l'électrode mobile (3) est percée d'ouvertures (10i) de passage d'un gaz, de manière à assurer un amortissement visqueux de ses vibrations.
- Capteur conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour régler la raideur de l'ancrage de l'électrode mobile à une valeur prédéterminée.
- Capteur conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les moyens sensibles à la différence des capacités des premier et deuxième condensateurs prennent la forme d'un circuit électronique intégré dans un substrat semi-conducteur (4), ce substrat portant les première (1) et deuxième (2) électrodes ainsi que l'électrode mobile (3) au droit du circuit intégré, qui est électriquement relié à chacune de ces trois électrodes.
- Ensemble de plusieurs capteurs miniatures conforme à la revendication 9, portés par un même substrat (4), caractérisé en ce que les électrodes desdits capteurs sont dimensionnées de manière à présenter, pour au moins une des grandeurs caractéristiques du groupe formé par: la sensibilité, la bande passante, l'amortissement, des valeurs prédéterminées.
- Procédé de fabrication d'un capteur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à:former sur un substrat semi-conducteur (4) ladite première électrode fixe (1);déposer sur ledit substrat et sur ladite électrode fixe une première couche sacrificielle tout en y aménageant un ancrage;former sur ladite première couche sacrificielle ladite électrode mobile (3) en l'attachant audit ancrage;recouvrir ladite électrode mobile (3) et le reste de ladite première couche sacrificielle d'une seconde couche sacrificielle;former simultanément sur ladite couche sacrificielle ladite masselotte (7), ladite butée (8) et ladite seconde électrode fixe (2); etéliminer lesdites première et seconde couche sacrificielles.
- Procédé suivant la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (1, 2, 3), ladite masselotte (7) et ladite butée (8) sont formées par des opérations d'électrodéposition.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9505592 | 1995-05-11 | ||
| FR9505592A FR2734057B1 (fr) | 1995-05-11 | 1995-05-11 | Capteur accelerometrique capacitif miniature |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0742439A1 EP0742439A1 (fr) | 1996-11-13 |
| EP0742439B1 true EP0742439B1 (fr) | 2002-01-30 |
Family
ID=9478882
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19960401022 Expired - Lifetime EP0742439B1 (fr) | 1995-05-11 | 1996-05-10 | Capteur accélérométrique capacitif miniature |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0742439B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69618845D1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2734057B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1318851C (zh) * | 2004-06-22 | 2007-05-30 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十三研究所 | 硅玻璃键合的栅型高冲击加速度计 |
| CN109341744B (zh) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-05-19 | 华中科技大学 | 一种变面积式位移电容的检测装置 |
| CN114994363B (zh) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-11-18 | 苏州敏芯微电子技术股份有限公司 | Mems惯性传感结构及其制作方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE266841C (fr) * | ||||
| SE436936B (sv) * | 1981-01-29 | 1985-01-28 | Asea Ab | Integrerad kapacitiv givare |
| US4999735A (en) * | 1990-03-08 | 1991-03-12 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Differential capacitive transducer and method of making |
| US5239871A (en) * | 1990-12-17 | 1993-08-31 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Capacitive accelerometer |
| JP3156453B2 (ja) * | 1993-07-28 | 2001-04-16 | 富士電機株式会社 | 半導体容量形加速度センサ |
-
1995
- 1995-05-11 FR FR9505592A patent/FR2734057B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-05-10 DE DE69618845T patent/DE69618845D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-10 EP EP19960401022 patent/EP0742439B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2734057A1 (fr) | 1996-11-15 |
| EP0742439A1 (fr) | 1996-11-13 |
| FR2734057B1 (fr) | 1997-06-20 |
| DE69618845D1 (de) | 2002-03-14 |
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