EP0728648B1 - Articulated train - Google Patents

Articulated train Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0728648B1
EP0728648B1 EP96102028A EP96102028A EP0728648B1 EP 0728648 B1 EP0728648 B1 EP 0728648B1 EP 96102028 A EP96102028 A EP 96102028A EP 96102028 A EP96102028 A EP 96102028A EP 0728648 B1 EP0728648 B1 EP 0728648B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
train
units
joint
articulated
ball
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EP96102028A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0728648A1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Dr. Sommerer
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Jenbacher Energiesysteme AG
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Jenbacher Energiesysteme AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61DBODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D3/00Wagons or vans
    • B61D3/10Articulated vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a articulated train with two or more articulated train units.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a articulated train which on the one hand has the necessary articulation and on the other hand allows stable straight running even at higher speeds.
  • this is achieved in a articulated train of the type mentioned in the introduction in that in the same articulated train two differently designed or differently set joint types are provided in each case between two adjacent pull units, the first joint type being a ball or universal joint and the second joint type is a hinge joint with a vertical axis of rotation.
  • a particularly favorable variant of the invention is that at least some of the articulation devices between the traction units are optionally switchable between two articulation type functions, the first articulation type being a ball or universal joint and the second articulation type a hinge articulation with a vertical axis of rotation is.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to compromise by using different types of joints to achieve between the requirement of sufficient flexibility on the one hand and stable straight running on the other.
  • the ball joints or universal joints allow maximum articulation, namely not only about a vertical axis, but also in other directions.
  • the articulated train can also bend around a horizontal axis, which occurs, for example, when the track changes from a flat area to an incline. Due to the high degree of articulation of ball and cardan joints, problems can arise with stable straight running, especially at higher speeds.
  • the articulation devices between the traction units can advantageously be constructed essentially identically, which makes production and storage simple and allows a modular arrangement of articulated trains.
  • a preferably hydraulic blocking device can then be present, which reduces the mechanically existing ball joint or universal joint function to a pure hinge function. This changeover does not require any design changes, just a simple changeover of the hydraulics.
  • the articulated trains shown in Fig. 1 are modular and have articulated train units. In the illustrated embodiment, these are alternately biaxial carriage units 1 and wheelless transport units 2. The wheelless transport units are carried in the upper area of the carriage units 1 by a joint device to be described. Of course, other exemplary embodiments are also conceivable in which all the train units are provided with wheels.
  • the switchability of the articulation device between two articulation type functions can also be used in operation, in particular if it is implemented hydraulically.
  • this hinge joint blocking can be released, whereby the joint device works again as a full ball or universal joint.
  • Switching can be done manually or automatically, for example depending on the driving speed or measured buckling forces between the train units.
  • a ball or cardan joint 3b can be provided in the upper area between the pulling units 1, 2, which carries the transport units 2 from the carriage unit 1.
  • a hydraulic blocking device in the form of two hydraulic piston-cylinder units 4 is provided in the lower joint area between the pulling units 1, 2.
  • These piston-cylinder units of the blocking device 4 are arranged in the top view on the left and right of the ball or universal joint 3b and are articulated with one end each on the pulling unit 1 or 2.
  • a different type of joint can be implemented between the pulling units 1, 2.
  • piston-cylinder units are freely movable independently of one another, they do not inhibit the ball or cardan joint function of the ball or cardan joint 3b in the upper joint area and, in addition to steering around a vertical axis, it is also possible to bend around a horizontal axis , as shown on the right in Fig. 2 with dashed lines.
  • the piston-cylinder units 4 are hydraulically connected to one another connected that a compression of one piston-cylinder unit is necessarily accompanied by an extension of the other piston-cylinder unit, there can no longer be any bending around a horizontal axis, but only steering around a vertical axis, as is the case with the left joint 2 and 3 is shown.
  • the supporting ball joint 3b is provided in the upper area and is fixedly connected to the transport unit 2 via a support 5.
  • the ball joint 3b is preferably mounted displaceably in the longitudinal direction of the train, a hydraulic piston 7 connected to the ball joint being arranged in a carriage-fixed hydraulic cylinder 6. Due to this storage, it is possible to achieve a buffer function in the longitudinal direction of the train.
  • the hydraulic system shown in FIG. 6 can be provided.
  • An overpressure valve 9 is provided in a hydraulic line 8, the overpressure value being adjustable via an adjusting unit 10.
  • the hydraulic oil cannot flow out of the line 8 and thus out of the cylinder 6 up to a set positive pressure, so that the piston 7 connected to the ball joint 3b cannot move. If a certain pressure is exceeded, the hydraulic fluid can flow into the damping unit 11, in which a piston 13 loaded via a spring 12 is arranged. The piston 13 is then displaced against the action of the spring 12 and the piston 7 with the ball joint 3b can move damped in the longitudinal direction of the train.
  • the damping unit 11 with the spring-loaded piston 13 it is also possible to provide a large, unloaded container in order to remove it from the hydraulic cylinders 6 oil draining. A pump can then be pumped back out of the container.
  • the two hydraulic piston-cylinder units 4 which operate as a blocking device or damping device, are provided in the lower joint area.
  • the hydraulic piston-cylinder units 4 work as a blocking device, which reduce the inherent ball joint function of the ball joint 3b to a pure hinge joint function, so that the two carriage units 1, 2 are only one more vertical axis are pivotable against each other, but can no longer bend around a horizontal axis.
  • the hydraulic circuit has the effect that when one piston-cylinder unit is compressed, the other piston-cylinder unit is extended by a corresponding amount.
  • the hydraulic fluid flows from the front chamber 16 via the line 17, the changeover valve 14 and the line 18 into the front chamber 16 of the lower piston-cylinder unit 4 in FIG. 7 the piston 15 together with the piston rod are pressed outwards.
  • the rear chambers 19 are also connected to one another via lines 20.
  • the changeover can also take place without changeover valve 14 in that the hydraulic lines 17, 18 and 20 are connected directly to one another as in the position of the changeover valve 14 shown in FIG. 7 and once as in the valve position shifted according to arrow 21. If you connect the hydraulic lines in one way or another, you can only make this switchover in the factory (and not constantly on the route). But the advantage remains of the same mechanical construction, which only requires a hydraulic switchover, namely in converting the lines, in order to realize once in the ball joint and once in the hinge joint.
  • the piston-cylinder units 4 can also be damped as a function of the speed.
  • the piston-cylinder units 4 can be used in particular in the end cars of the articulated train to actively steer the train units against each other.
  • a correspondingly controlled hydraulic pump will then have to be installed in the hydraulic lines 17, 18 and 20, respectively.
  • a tension spring unit can be provided above the piston-cylinder units 4 laterally next to the ball joint 3b, which is connected at the end to the respective train unit.
  • a link 26 (cf. in particular FIGS. 4 and 5) lying transversely to the direction of travel is provided, which is articulated at one end to one train unit 1 and at the other end to the other train unit 2.
  • the handlebar has a spring unit 27, which allows a change in length of the handlebar in tension and pressure against spring forces.
  • the handlebar serves to cushion and dampen pendulum movements of the transport units 2 and thus to stabilize the articulated train.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Accommodation For Nursing Or Treatment Tables (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Units (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)

Abstract

The train consists of two or more articulated connected units. During operation, two differently shaped or adjusted articulated joint types may be used between two neighbouring units (1,2) in the same train. The first type is a ball or cardan joint (3b), the second is a hinge joint (3a) with vertical hinge pin. At least some of the joint types may be switchable between two different functions. The cardan joint contains a blocking unit to reduce its function to that of a hinge unit. The unit consists of a piston-cylinder unit on either side of the joint, which are connected to two train units.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Gliederzug mit zwei oder mehreren miteinander gelenkig verbundenen Zugeinheiten.The invention relates to a articulated train with two or more articulated train units.

Eine gute Kurvengängigkeit des Gliederzuges und ein Knicken desselben im Gelenkbereich, um eine horizontale Achse zu ermöglichen, ist es beispielsweise aus der EP-A1-0 616 936 bekannt, ein Kugelgelenk zwischen je zwei Zugeinheiten eines Gliederzuges vorzusehen.Good articulation of the articulated train and a kinking of the same in the articulation area in order to enable a horizontal axis, it is known for example from EP-A1-0 616 936 to provide a ball joint between two pull units of a articulated train.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es einen Gliederzug zu schaffen, der einerseits die nötige Gelenkigkeit aufweist und andererseits einen stabilen Geradeauslauf auch mit höheren Geschwindigkeiten erlaubt.The object of the invention is to provide a articulated train which on the one hand has the necessary articulation and on the other hand allows stable straight running even at higher speeds.

Erfindungsgemaß wird dies bei einem Gliederzug der eingangs genannten Gattung dadurch erreicht, daß in ein und demselben Gliederzug im Betrieb zwei verschieden ausgebildete oder verschieden eingestellte Gelenktypen jeweils zwischen zwei benachbarten Zugeinheiten vorgesehen sind, wobei der erste Gelenktyp ein Kugel- oder Kardangelenk ist und der zweite Gelenktyp ein Scharniergelenk mit vertikaler Drehachse ist.According to the invention, this is achieved in a articulated train of the type mentioned in the introduction in that in the same articulated train two differently designed or differently set joint types are provided in each case between two adjacent pull units, the first joint type being a ball or universal joint and the second joint type is a hinge joint with a vertical axis of rotation.

Besonders günstig ist eine Variante der Erfindung, die darin besteht, daß zumindest ein Teil der Gelenkeinrichtungen zwischen den Zugeinheiten wahlweise zwischen zwei Gelenktyp-Funktionen umschaltbar ausgebildet ist, wobei der erste Gelenktyp ein Kugel- oder Kardangelenk ist und der zweite Gelenktyp ein Scharniergelenk mit vertikaler Drehachse ist.A particularly favorable variant of the invention is that at least some of the articulation devices between the traction units are optionally switchable between two articulation type functions, the first articulation type being a ball or universal joint and the second articulation type a hinge articulation with a vertical axis of rotation is.

Die Grundidee der Erfindung besteht darin, durch Verwendung verschiedener Gelenktypen einen Kompromiß zwischen dem Erfordernis einer ausreichenden Gelenkigkeit einerseits und einem stabilen Geradeauslauf andererseits zu erzielen. Die Kugelgelenke bzw. Kardangelenke erlauben nämlich höchste Gelenkigkeit, nämlich nicht nur um eine vertikale Achse, sondern auch in andere Richtungen. Insbesondere ist auch ein Knicken des Gliederzuges um eine horizontale Achse möglich, welches beispielsweise beim Übergang des Gleises vom flachen Bereich in eine Steigung auftritt. Aufgrund dieser hohen Gelenkigkeit von Kugel- bzw. Kardangelenken kann es allerdings zu Problemen bei einem stabilen Geradeauslauf, insbesondere bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten kommen.The basic idea of the invention is to compromise by using different types of joints to achieve between the requirement of sufficient flexibility on the one hand and stable straight running on the other. The ball joints or universal joints allow maximum articulation, namely not only about a vertical axis, but also in other directions. In particular, the articulated train can also bend around a horizontal axis, which occurs, for example, when the track changes from a flat area to an incline. Due to the high degree of articulation of ball and cardan joints, problems can arise with stable straight running, especially at higher speeds.

Es wird nun vorgeschlagen, nicht überall voll wirksame Kugel- bzw. Kardangelenke zwischen den Zugeinheiten des Gliederzuges vorzusehen, sondern das eine oder andere Gelenk als bloßes Scharniergelenk auszubilden bzw. einzustellen, das sich dadurch auszeichnet, daß es nur um eine einzige vorzugsweise vertikale Drehachse verdrehbar ist, aber ein Knicken um eine horizontale Achse nicht erlaubt. Das Scharniergelenk erlaubt also ein Lenken des Gliederzuges in den Gleisbögen und stellt eine dynamisch stabilere Gelenkverbindung dar, die auch bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten einen Betrieb ohne Instabilitäten erlaubt. Vor allem bei längeren Gliederzügen wird man günstigerweise in einer bestimmten Abfolge Kugelgelenke einerseits und Scharniergelenke anderseits vorsehen. Insgesamt läßt sich damit die gewünschte Gelenkigkeit und dennoch ein stabiler Geradeauslauf bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten erzielen.It is now proposed not to provide fully effective ball or universal joints between the train units of the articulated train, but to design or adjust one or the other joint as a mere hinge joint, which is characterized in that it can only be rotated about a single, preferably vertical, axis of rotation is, but a bending around a horizontal axis is not allowed. The hinge joint therefore allows the articulated train to be steered in the track arches and represents a dynamically more stable joint connection, which allows operation without instabilities even at high speeds. Especially in the case of longer articulated trains, ball joints on the one hand and hinge joints on the other hand are advantageously provided in a certain sequence. All in all, the desired flexibility and still stable straight running at higher speeds can be achieved.

Die Gelenkeinrichtungen zwischen den Zugeinheiten können vorteilhaft konstruktiv im wesentlichen gleich aufgebaut sein, was eine einfache Herstellung und Lagerhaltung und ein modulartiges Zusammenstellen von Gliederzügen erlaubt. Es kann dann eine vorzugsweise hydraulische Blockiereinrichtung vorhanden sein, die die mechanisch an sich vorhandene Kugelgelenk- bzw. Kardangelenkfunktion auf eine reine Scharniergelenkfunktion reduziert. Zu diesem Umschalten ist keine konstruktive Änderung, sondern lediglich ein einfaches Umschalten der Hydraulik nötig.The articulation devices between the traction units can advantageously be constructed essentially identically, which makes production and storage simple and allows a modular arrangement of articulated trains. A preferably hydraulic blocking device can then be present, which reduces the mechanically existing ball joint or universal joint function to a pure hinge function. This changeover does not require any design changes, just a simple changeover of the hydraulics.

Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden anhand der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung näher erläutert.

  • Die Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch verschiedene Gliederzüge in einer Seitenansicht,
  • die Fig. 2 zeigt die Gelenkbereiche zwischen drei Zugeinheiten in einer Seitenansicht,
  • die Fig. 3 zeigt darauf eine Draufsicht,
  • die Fig. 4 zeigt in größerem Detail den Gelenkbereich zwischen zwei Zugeinheiten in einer Seitenansicht,
  • die Fig. 5 zeigt darauf eine Draufsicht,
  • die Fig. 6 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer hydraulischen Beschaltung.
Further advantages and details of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the following description of the figures.
  • 1 shows schematically different articulated trains in a side view,
  • 2 shows a side view of the joint areas between three traction units,
  • 3 shows a plan view of it,
  • 4 shows in greater detail the joint area between two pulling units in a side view,
  • 5 shows a plan view of it,
  • 6 shows an embodiment of a hydraulic circuit.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellten Gliederzüge sind modular aufgebaut und weisen gelenkig miteinander verbundene Zugeinheiten auf. Beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind dies abwechselnd zweiachsige Wageneinheiten 1 und räderlose Transporteinheiten 2. Die räderlosen Transporteinheiten werden im oberen Bereich der Wageneinheiten 1 von einer noch zu beschreibenden Gelenkeinrichtung getragen. Selbstverständlich sind auch andere Ausführungsbeispiele denkbar, bei denen alle Zugeinheiten mit Rädern versehen sind.The articulated trains shown in Fig. 1 are modular and have articulated train units. In the illustrated embodiment, these are alternately biaxial carriage units 1 and wheelless transport units 2. The wheelless transport units are carried in the upper area of the carriage units 1 by a joint device to be described. Of course, other exemplary embodiments are also conceivable in which all the train units are provided with wheels.

Erfindungsgemäß sind zwischen den Zugeinheiten (Wageneinheiten 1, Transporteinheiten 2) verschiedene Gelenktypen vorgesehen, nämlich ein Scharniergelenk 3a mit nur vertikaler Drehachse und ein Kugel- oder Kardangelenk 3b, das neben einer Drehbewegung um eine vertikale Achse auch eine Gelenkigkeit in andere Richtungen, insbesondere ein Knicken um eine horizontale Achse zwischen zwei benachbarten Zugeinheiten erlaubt. Durch die Mischung dieser beiden Gelenktypen 3a und 3b in ein- und demselben Gliederzug kann einerseits ein stabiler Geradeauslauf und andererseits eine ausreichende Gelenkigkeit erzielt werden.According to the invention, different types of joints are provided between the train units (carriage units 1, transport units 2), namely a hinge joint 3a with only a vertical axis of rotation and a ball or cardan joint 3b which, in addition to a rotary movement about a vertical axis, also has articulation in other directions, in particular buckling allowed around a horizontal axis between two neighboring train units. By mixing these two joint types 3a and 3b in one and the same articulated train, on the one hand stable straight running and on the other hand sufficient articulation can be achieved.

Der einmal festgelegte Gelenktyp kann im Betrieb des Gliederzuges ständig aufrechterhalten bleiben. Auch bei einer solchen Ausführungsform ist es herstellungstechnisch und lagertechnisch günstig, wenn alle Gelenkeinrichtungen zwischen den Zugeinheiten 1, 2 mechanisch gleich aufgebaut sind und lediglich durch eine geringe technische Änderung bzw. eine andere hydraulische Beschaltung zwischen den beiden Gelenktypen Kugel- oder Kardangelenk einerseits und reines Scharniergelenk andererseits gewählt wird. Dies erlaubt auch einen einfachen modulartigen Zusammenbau von verschiedenen Gliederzügen.Once the type of joint has been defined, it can be maintained at all times during the operation of the articulated train. In such an embodiment, too, it is advantageous in terms of production technology and storage technology if all the joint devices between the pulling units 1, 2 are constructed mechanically in the same way and only by a slight technical change or another hydraulic connection between the two joint types, ball or universal joint on the one hand and a pure hinge joint on the other hand is chosen. This also allows a simple modular assembly of different articulated trains.

Die Umschaltbarkeit der Gelenkeinrichtung zwischen zwei Gelenktypfunktionen kann aber prinzipiell auch im Betrieb ausgenutzt werden, insbesondere dann, wenn sie hydraulisch realisiert ist. Man kann dann beispielsweise auf geraden, wenig gebirgigen Strecken, wo eine hohe Knickgelenkigkeit um eine horizontale Achse nicht nötig ist, zur Erzielung eines stabilen Geradeauslaufes kurzzeitig sogar alle Gelenktypen auf den eines Scharniergelenkes festlegen, also die Kugel- bzw.In principle, the switchability of the articulation device between two articulation type functions can also be used in operation, in particular if it is implemented hydraulically. On straight, less mountainous routes, where a high degree of articulation around a horizontal axis is not necessary, you can even briefly set all joint types to that of a hinge joint in order to achieve stable straight running, i.e. the ball or

Kardangelenkfunktion vollständig blockieren. Fährt dann dieser selbe Zug beispielsweise auf einer gebirgigen Strecke, bei der eine Knickgelenkigkeit um eine horizontale Achse nötig ist, so kann diese Scharniergelenkblockierung aufgehoben werden, womit die Gelenkeinrichtung wieder als vollwertiges Kugel- oder Kardangelenk arbeitet. Die Umschaltung kann händisch oder automatisch, beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit von der Fahrgeschwindigkeit oder von gemessenen Knickkräften zwischen den Zugeinheiten erfolgen.Block the universal joint function completely. If this same train then travels, for example, on a mountainous route in which an articulation about a horizontal axis is necessary, this hinge joint blocking can be released, whereby the joint device works again as a full ball or universal joint. Switching can be done manually or automatically, for example depending on the driving speed or measured buckling forces between the train units.

Zur Realisierung einer funktionsumschaltbaren Gelenkeinrichtung kann, wie die Fig. 2 und 3 zunächst schematisch zeigen, im oberen Bereich zwischen den Zugeinheiten 1, 2 ein Kugel- oder Kardangelenk 3b vorgesehen sein, das die Transporteinheiten 2 von der Wageneinheit 1 aus trägt. Im unteren Gelenkbereich zwischen den Zugeinheiten 1, 2 ist eine hydraulische Blockiereinrichtung in Form von zwei hydraulischen Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten 4 vorgesehen. Diese Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten der Blockiereinrichtung 4 sind in der Draufsicht links und rechts des Kugel- oder Kardangelenkes 3b angeordnet und mit jeweils einem Ende an der Zugeinheit 1 bzw. 2 angelenkt. Je nach hydraulischer Beschaltung dieser Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten 4 kann zwischen den Zugeinheiten 1, 2 ein unterschiedlicher Gelenktyp realisiert werden. Wenn die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten unabhängig voneinander frei beweglich sind, hemmen sie die Kugel- bzw. Kardangelenkfunktion des Kugel- bzw. Kardangelenkes 3b im oberen Gelenkbereich nicht und es ist neben einem Lenken um eine vertikale Achse auch ein Knicken um eine horizontale Achse möglich, wie dies in Fig. 2 rechts mit strichlierten Linien dargestellt ist. Sind die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten 4 aber hydraulisch so miteinander verbunden, daß eine Stauchung der einen Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit zwingend mit einer Verlängerung der anderen Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit einhergeht, kann kein Knicken um eine horizontale Achse mehr erfolgen, sondern nur mehr ein Lenken um eine vertikale Achse, wie dies beim linken Gelenk in den Fig. 2 und 3 dargestellt ist.To realize a function-switchable articulation device, as shown schematically in FIGS. 2 and 3, a ball or cardan joint 3b can be provided in the upper area between the pulling units 1, 2, which carries the transport units 2 from the carriage unit 1. A hydraulic blocking device in the form of two hydraulic piston-cylinder units 4 is provided in the lower joint area between the pulling units 1, 2. These piston-cylinder units of the blocking device 4 are arranged in the top view on the left and right of the ball or universal joint 3b and are articulated with one end each on the pulling unit 1 or 2. Depending on the hydraulic circuitry of these piston-cylinder units 4, a different type of joint can be implemented between the pulling units 1, 2. If the piston-cylinder units are freely movable independently of one another, they do not inhibit the ball or cardan joint function of the ball or cardan joint 3b in the upper joint area and, in addition to steering around a vertical axis, it is also possible to bend around a horizontal axis , as shown on the right in Fig. 2 with dashed lines. However, the piston-cylinder units 4 are hydraulically connected to one another connected that a compression of one piston-cylinder unit is necessarily accompanied by an extension of the other piston-cylinder unit, there can no longer be any bending around a horizontal axis, but only steering around a vertical axis, as is the case with the left joint 2 and 3 is shown.

Die Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen die Gelenkverbindung zwischen zwei Zugeinheiten 1 und 2 in größerem Detail. Im oberen Bereich ist das tragende Kugelgelenk 3b vorgesehen, welches über eine Abstützung 5 fest mit der Transporteinheit 2 verbunden ist. Auf der Seite der Wageneinheit 1 ist das Kugelgelenk 3b vorzugsweise in Zuglängsrichtung verschieblich gelagert, wobei in einem wagenfesten Hydraulikzylinder 6 ein mit dem Kugelgelenk in Verbindung stehender Hydraulikkolben 7 angeordnet ist. Aufgrund dieser Lagerung ist es möglich, eine Pufferfunktion in Zuglängsrichtung zu erzielen. Dazu kann beispielsweise die in Fig. 6 oben dargestellte Hydraulik vorgesehen sein. In einer Hydraulikleitung 8 ist ein Überdruckventil 9 vorgesehen, wobei über eine Einstelleinheit 10 der überdruckwert einstellbar ist. Bis zu einem eingestellten Überdruck kann das Hydrauliköl aus der Leitung 8 und damit aus dem Zylinder 6 nicht abfließen, sodaß sich der mit dem Kugelgelenk 3b verbundene Kolben 7 nicht bewegen kann. Wird ein gewisser Druck überschritten, kann die Hydraulikflüssigkeit in die Dämpfeinheit 11 abfließen, in der ein über eine Feder 12 belasteter Kolben 13 angeordnet ist. Gegen die Wirkung der Feder 12 wird dann der Kolben 13 verschoben und der Kolben 7 mit dem Kugelgelenk 3b kann sich gedämpft in Zuglängsrichtung bewegen. Anstelle der Dämpfeinheit 11 mit dem federbelasteten Kolben 13 ist es auch möglich, einen großen unbelasteten Behälter vorzusehen, um das aus den Hydraulikzylindern 6 abströmende öl aufzunehmen. Über eine Motorpumpe kann dann ein Rückpumpen aus dem Behälter erfolgen.4 and 5 show the articulation between two train units 1 and 2 in greater detail. The supporting ball joint 3b is provided in the upper area and is fixedly connected to the transport unit 2 via a support 5. On the side of the carriage unit 1, the ball joint 3b is preferably mounted displaceably in the longitudinal direction of the train, a hydraulic piston 7 connected to the ball joint being arranged in a carriage-fixed hydraulic cylinder 6. Due to this storage, it is possible to achieve a buffer function in the longitudinal direction of the train. For this purpose, for example, the hydraulic system shown in FIG. 6 can be provided. An overpressure valve 9 is provided in a hydraulic line 8, the overpressure value being adjustable via an adjusting unit 10. The hydraulic oil cannot flow out of the line 8 and thus out of the cylinder 6 up to a set positive pressure, so that the piston 7 connected to the ball joint 3b cannot move. If a certain pressure is exceeded, the hydraulic fluid can flow into the damping unit 11, in which a piston 13 loaded via a spring 12 is arranged. The piston 13 is then displaced against the action of the spring 12 and the piston 7 with the ball joint 3b can move damped in the longitudinal direction of the train. Instead of the damping unit 11 with the spring-loaded piston 13, it is also possible to provide a large, unloaded container in order to remove it from the hydraulic cylinders 6 oil draining. A pump can then be pumped back out of the container.

Im unteren Gelenkbereich sind die beiden als Blockiereinrichtung oder Dämpfeinrichtung arbeitenden hydraulischen Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten 4 vorgesehen. In der in Fig. 7 unten gezeigten Stellung des Umschaltventiles 14 arbeiten die hydraulischen Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten 4 als Blockiereinrichtung, die die an sich vorhandene Kugelgelenksfunktion des Kugelgelenkes 3b auf eine reine Scharniergelenksfunktion reduzieren, sodaß die beiden Wageneinheiten 1, 2 nur mehr um eine vertikale Achse gegeneinander verschwenkbar sind, aber nicht mehr um eine horizontale Achse knicken können. Die hydraulische Schaltung bewirkt, daß bei einer Stauchung der einen Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit die andere Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit um einen entsprechenden Betrag verlängert wird. Drückt der Kolben 15 der oberen Zylindereinheit nach innen, strömt die Hydraulikflüssigkeit von der vorderen Kammer 16 über die Leitung 17, das Umschaltventil 14 und die Leitung 18 in die vordere Kammer 16 der in Fig. 7 unteren Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit 4. Damit wird der Kolben 15 samt Kolbenstange nach außen gedrückt. Die hinteren Kammern 19 sind über Leitungen 20 ebenfalls miteinander verbunden. Die Umschaltung kann auch ohne Umschaltventil 14 dadurch erfolgen, daß die Hydraulikleitungen 17, 18 und 20 einmal direkt miteinander so verbunden sind wie in der in Fig. 7 gezeigten Stellung des Umschaltventils 14 und einmal so wie in gemäß Pfeil 21 verschobenen Ventilstellung. Wenn man die Hydraulikleitungen auf die eine oder andere Art miteinander verbindet, kann man diese Umschaltung zwar nur mehr im Werk (und nicht ständig auf der Strecke) vornehmen. Es bleibt aber der Vorteil des mechanischen gleichen Aufbaus, der nur ein hydraulisches Umschalten, nämlich im Umbauen der Leitungen erfordert, um einmal im Kugelgelenk und einmal im Scharniergelenk zu realisieren.The two hydraulic piston-cylinder units 4, which operate as a blocking device or damping device, are provided in the lower joint area. In the position of the changeover valve 14 shown in FIG. 7 below, the hydraulic piston-cylinder units 4 work as a blocking device, which reduce the inherent ball joint function of the ball joint 3b to a pure hinge joint function, so that the two carriage units 1, 2 are only one more vertical axis are pivotable against each other, but can no longer bend around a horizontal axis. The hydraulic circuit has the effect that when one piston-cylinder unit is compressed, the other piston-cylinder unit is extended by a corresponding amount. If the piston 15 of the upper cylinder unit presses inwards, the hydraulic fluid flows from the front chamber 16 via the line 17, the changeover valve 14 and the line 18 into the front chamber 16 of the lower piston-cylinder unit 4 in FIG. 7 the piston 15 together with the piston rod are pressed outwards. The rear chambers 19 are also connected to one another via lines 20. The changeover can also take place without changeover valve 14 in that the hydraulic lines 17, 18 and 20 are connected directly to one another as in the position of the changeover valve 14 shown in FIG. 7 and once as in the valve position shifted according to arrow 21. If you connect the hydraulic lines in one way or another, you can only make this switchover in the factory (and not constantly on the route). But the advantage remains of the same mechanical construction, which only requires a hydraulic switchover, namely in converting the lines, in order to realize once in the ball joint and once in the hinge joint.

Wird das Umschaltventil in Richtung 21 bewegt, so wird diese zwingende Kopplung der beiden Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten aufgehoben und die beiden Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten können sich unabhängig voneinander bewegen, womit sie die Kugelgelenksfunktion des Kugelgelenkes 3b nicht hemmen. Die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten 4 können dann aber zusammen mit den Dämpfeinheiten 25 eine Dämpfung in Zuglängsrichtung bewirken, wobei das Hydrauliköl über die Leitungen 24 in die federbeaufschlagten Dämpfeinheiten fließt.If the changeover valve is moved in the direction of 21, this mandatory coupling of the two piston-cylinder units is released and the two piston-cylinder units can move independently of one another, with which they do not inhibit the ball joint function of the ball joint 3b. The piston-cylinder units 4 can then, together with the damping units 25, effect damping in the longitudinal direction of the train, the hydraulic oil flowing via the lines 24 into the spring-loaded damping units.

Die Dämpfung der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten 4 kann auch geschwindigkeitsabhängig erfolgen. Dazu ist es beispielsweise möglich, in die Leitungen 17, 18 Drosselorgane einzubauen, deren Drosselquerschnitt in Abhängigkeit von einer Geschwindigkeitserfassungseinrichtung gesteuert ist.The piston-cylinder units 4 can also be damped as a function of the speed. For this purpose, it is possible, for example, to install throttle elements in the lines 17, 18, the throttle cross section of which is controlled as a function of a speed detection device.

Die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten 4 können insbesondere bei den Endwagen des Gliederzuges dazu verwendet werden, die Zugeinheiten gegeneinander aktiv zu lenken. Es wird dann in die Hydraulikleitungen 17, 18 bzw. 20 eine entsprechend gesteuerte Hydraulikpumpe einzubauen sein.The piston-cylinder units 4 can be used in particular in the end cars of the articulated train to actively steer the train units against each other. A correspondingly controlled hydraulic pump will then have to be installed in the hydraulic lines 17, 18 and 20, respectively.

Um ein den Gliederzug geradestellendes Moment auf die Zugeinheiten auszuüben, kann oberhalb der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten 4 seitlich neben dem Kugelgelenk 3b jeweils eine Zugfedereinheit vorgesehen sein, die am Ende mit der jeweiligen Zugeinheit verbunden ist.In order to exert a moment straightening the articulated train on the train units, a tension spring unit can be provided above the piston-cylinder units 4 laterally next to the ball joint 3b, which is connected at the end to the respective train unit.

Neben den bisher beschriebenen Einheiten ist ein quer zur Fahrtrichtung liegender Lenker 26 (vgl. insbesondere Fig. 4 und 5) vorgesehen, der am einen Ende an der einen Zugeinheit 1 und am anderen Ende an der anderen Zugeinheit 2 angelenkt ist. Der Lenker weist eine Federeinheit 27 auf, die eine Längenänderung des Lenkers auf Zug und Druck gegen Federkräfte erlaubt. Der Lenker dient Abfederung und Bedämpfung von Pendelbewegungen der Transporteinheiten 2 und damit zur Stabilisierung des Gliederzuges.In addition to the units described so far, a link 26 (cf. in particular FIGS. 4 and 5) lying transversely to the direction of travel is provided, which is articulated at one end to one train unit 1 and at the other end to the other train unit 2. The handlebar has a spring unit 27, which allows a change in length of the handlebar in tension and pressure against spring forces. The handlebar serves to cushion and dampen pendulum movements of the transport units 2 and thus to stabilize the articulated train.

Claims (12)

  1. An articulated train having two or more pivotably interconnected train units, characterised in that in one and the same articulated train in operation two pivot joint types (3a, 3b) which are of different configurations or which are set differently are respectively provided between each two adjacent train units (1, 2), wherein the first pivot joint type is a ball or universal joint (3b) and the second pivot joint type is a hinge joint (3a) with a vertical axis of rotation.
  2. An articulated train having two or more pivotably interconnected train units, characterised in that at least a part of the pivot joint means between the train units (1, 2) is adapted to be switched over selectively between two pivot joint type functions (3a, 3b), wherein the first pivot joint type is a ball or universal joint (3b) and the second pivot joint type is a hinge joint (3a) with a vertical axis of rotation.
  3. An articulated train according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that the pivot joint means includes a ball or universal joint (3b) and a blocking means (4) for reducing the pivot joint function of the ball or universal joint to that of a hinge joint.
  4. An articulated train according to claim 3 characterised in that the blocking means has two piston-cylinder units (4) which in plan view on to the articulated train are arranged to the left and the right of the ball or universal joint (3b) and which are respectively connected with one end to a train unit (1) and with the other end to one of the adjacent train units (2).
  5. An articulated train according to claim 4 characterised in that to provide the pivot joint function of a hinge joint (3a) the piston-cylinder units (4) are so connected together by way of hydraulic lines that compression of the one piston-cylinder unit necessarily involves an increase in the length of the other piston-cylinder unit.
  6. An articulated train according to claim 4 characterised in that the piston-cylinder units operate to resist movements about a horizontal axis of the ball or universal joint as hydraulically damping buffers.
  7. An articulated train according to one of claims 3 to 6 characterised in that the ball or universal joint (3b) is arranged in the upper region of the train units and the blocking means (4) is arranged in the lower region of the train units (1, 2).
  8. An articulated train according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterised in that all pivot joint means (3b, 4) are of the same structural configuration and can be selectively switched over or converted, preferably hydraulically, between a ball or universal joint function on the one hand and a hinge joint function on the other hand.
  9. An articulated train according to one of claims 1 to 8 characterised in that twin-axle or multi-axle waggon units (1) and wheelless transport units (2) are provided alternately as the train units (1, 2), wherein arranged between two waggon units (1) is a respective wheelless transport unit (2) which is pivotably connected to the respective waggon units (1) that are adjacent on each side thereof, and is carried by same, preferably at the upper region of the waggon units (1).
  10. An articulated train according to one of claims 1 to 9 characterised in that at least a part of the pivot joint means, preferably a ball or universal joint, is mounted displaceably at least with respect to one of the two train units connected thereby, preferably in the longitudinal direction of the train.
  11. An articulated train according to claim 10 characterised in that a hydraulic piston (7) is arranged on the pivot joint means (3b) and a hydraulic cylinder (6) accommodating same is arranged on the train unit (1) (or vice-versa).
  12. An articulated train according to one of claims 1 to 11 characterised by a guide link member which is disposed transversely to the direction of travel and which is variable in its length against a spring force and which is connected at one end to the one train unit (1) and at the other end to the other train unit (2).
EP96102028A 1995-02-27 1996-02-13 Articulated train Expired - Lifetime EP0728648B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT349/95 1995-02-27
AT34995 1995-02-27

Publications (2)

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EP0728648A1 EP0728648A1 (en) 1996-08-28
EP0728648B1 true EP0728648B1 (en) 1997-09-10

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EP96102028A Expired - Lifetime EP0728648B1 (en) 1995-02-27 1996-02-13 Articulated train

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EP (1) EP0728648B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE157942T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59600023D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1170187A1 (en) * 2000-07-06 2002-01-09 Alcan Technology & Management AG Joint for a vehicle body
WO2005049400A1 (en) * 2003-11-19 2005-06-02 Bombardier Transportation Gmbh Articulated passenger rail vehicle with an intermediate car module
DE102004014903A1 (en) * 2004-03-26 2005-10-13 Siemens Ag Vehicle, in particular lane-guided vehicle, with articulated vehicle bodies
DE102004050369A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-20 Siemens Ag Large-scale vehicle for passenger transport, in particular rail vehicle, with articulated car bodies
FR2912365B1 (en) * 2007-02-13 2010-03-12 Alstom Transport Sa RAILWAY CAR OF PASSENGERS, AND PASSENGER CARRIAGE RAIL CORRESPONDING.
FR3018490B1 (en) * 2014-03-12 2018-01-05 Alstom Transport Technologies RAILWAY VEHICLE, IN PARTICULAR OF TRAMWAY TYPE, WITH REDUCED TEMPLATE
CN106994979B (en) * 2016-09-21 2019-09-13 比亚迪股份有限公司 Rail Transit System

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE490825C (en) * 1927-06-25 1930-02-04 Carl Buderus Carriages for railways, trams, rapid transit trains, etc. Like., In particular for articulated car trains
US2462666A (en) * 1943-09-30 1949-02-22 Talgo Patentes Articulated railway vehicle
DE9404993U1 (en) * 1993-03-25 1994-06-16 Jenbacher Transportsysteme AG, Jenbach bellows

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ATE157942T1 (en) 1997-09-15
EP0728648A1 (en) 1996-08-28
DE59600023D1 (en) 1997-10-16

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