EP0663475B1 - Apparatus for forming piles of soil stabilised and compacted in situ - Google Patents

Apparatus for forming piles of soil stabilised and compacted in situ Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0663475B1
EP0663475B1 EP19950400033 EP95400033A EP0663475B1 EP 0663475 B1 EP0663475 B1 EP 0663475B1 EP 19950400033 EP19950400033 EP 19950400033 EP 95400033 A EP95400033 A EP 95400033A EP 0663475 B1 EP0663475 B1 EP 0663475B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
augers
auger
axes
vertices
caracterized
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19950400033
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0663475A1 (en
Inventor
Alain Deniau
Jean-Claude Gessay
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Soletanche Bachy France
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Soletanche Bachy France
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Priority to FR9400380 priority Critical
Priority to FR9400380A priority patent/FR2715177B1/en
Application filed by Soletanche Bachy France filed Critical Soletanche Bachy France
Publication of EP0663475A1 publication Critical patent/EP0663475A1/en
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Publication of EP0663475B1 publication Critical patent/EP0663475B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
    • E02D3/126—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil and mixing by rotating blades

Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif perfectionné pour la réalisation en place de colonnes de sol stabilisé et compacté.The invention relates to an improved device for the construction in place of columns of stabilized soil and compacted.
EP-B-0 161 974 décrit un procédé pour la réalisation en place de colonnes de sol stabilisé et compacté. Ce procédé comporte une première phase consistant à enfoncer dans le terrain un outil de forage rotatif désagrégeant le terrain et le mélangeant avec un matériau d'apport, et au cours de laquelle on imprime à au moins une partie du terrain désagrégé un mouvement ascendant à travers l'outil de forage, et une deuxième phase consistant à retirer l'outil de forage du terrain, et est caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise, comme outil de forage, un dispositif qui comprend au moins deux arbres parallèles, chaque arbre entraínant en rotation une tarière, chaque tarière étant munie à son extrémité opposée à l'arbre d'entraínement d'une tête de forage désagrégatrice et la distance entre les axes des tarières étant inférieure au diamètre d'une tarière, les arbres et les fûts des tarières comportant un alésage relié à une source de matériau d'apport et au moins un orifice communiquant avec ledit alésage étant prévu sur le fût de chaque tarière pour décharger le matériau d'apport, les tarières étant de pas opposés et étant entraínées en rotation en sens contraire et qui comprend, en outre, des moyens d'inversion du sens de rotation des tarières, en ce qu'on réalise la première phase en enfonçant dans le terrain ledit dispositif tout en déchargeant un matériau d'apport par ledit orifice de façon à le mélanger avec le terrain désagrégé, et en ce qu'on réalise la deuxième phase, après avoir inversé le sens de rotation des tarières, en exerçant un appui réglé sur ledit dispositif pendant qu'on le retire de façon à imprimer au terrain désagrégé mélangé au matériau d'apport, un mouvement descendant, tendant à le compacter, à travers ledit dispositif.EP-B-0 161 974 describes a method for carrying out in place of columns of stabilized and compacted soil. This process comprises a first phase consisting in pressing in the ground a rotary drilling tool disintegrating the ground and mixing it with a filler material, and at during which at least part of the terrain disaggregated upward movement through the tool drilling, and a second phase of removing the ground drilling tool, and is characterized in that that we use, as a drilling tool, a device that includes at least two parallel trees, each tree rotating an auger, each auger being provided at its end opposite to the drive shaft of a disaggregating drill head and the distance between the axes of the augers being less than the diameter of a auger, auger shafts and barrels with a bore connected to a source of filler material and at least one orifice communicating with said bore being provided on the barrel of each auger to discharge the filler material, the augers being of opposite pitch and being rotated in opposite directions and which further comprises means for reversing the direction of auger rotation, in that the first phase by driving the device into the ground while by discharging filler material through said orifice so as to mix it with the disaggregated soil, and in this that we carry out the second phase, after having inverted the auger direction of rotation, exerting a set pressure on said device while it is being removed so as to print on disaggregated terrain mixed with material contribution, a downward movement, tending to compact it, through said device.
Bien que EP-B-0 161 974 revendique, en outre, un dispositif convenant à la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé qui comprend au moins deux tarières, il ne décrit spécifiquement qu'un dispositif à deux tarières seulement.Although EP-B-0 161 974 claims, in addition, a device suitable for implementing said method which includes at least two augers, it only describes specifically that a device with two augers only.
Lors de la mise en oeuvre de ce dispositif spécifique à deux tarières dans des terrains très mous selon le procédé décrit, on a rencontré des difficultés dues au fait que la trajectoire du dispositif peut être fortement déviée par rapport à celle désirée. Après étude, il est apparu que ce phénomène, non perceptible dans des terrains relativement fermes, résulte de la dissymétrie de la répartition des efforts qui s'exercent sur le dispositif en cours de fonctionnement.During the implementation of this device specific to two augers in very soft ground according to the process described, we encountered difficulties due to the fact that the trajectory of the device can be strongly deviated from that desired. After study, it appeared that this phenomenon, not perceptible in relatively firm ground, results from the asymmetry of the distribution of the efforts exerted on the device in operation.
Les principaux efforts, qui s'appliquent sur les tarières ou têtes de forage, à savoir :
  • les efforts résultant de l'action de coupe
  • les efforts dus au frottement latéral entre les tarières et le terrain, et
  • les efforts résultant de l'accumulation de matériaux à l'entrée des tarières imbriquées,
agissent tous dans le même sens et tendent à impartir un mouvement (translation et/ou rotation) au dispositif par rapport au sol, ainsi qu'à exercer un couple sur la glissière de la machine de forage qui sert à guider le dispositif à tarières.The main efforts, which apply to augers or drill heads, namely:
  • the forces resulting from the cutting action
  • the forces due to the lateral friction between the augers and the ground, and
  • the efforts resulting from the accumulation of materials at the entrance to the nested augers,
all act in the same direction and tend to impart a movement (translation and / or rotation) to the device relative to the ground, as well as to exert a torque on the slide of the drilling machine which is used to guide the auger device.
Les terrains normaux présentant des caractéristiques mécaniques bonnes ou moyennes peuvent développer des réactions limitant les réactions induites par lesdits efforts, mais il n'en est pas de même dans le cas de sols très mous, en particulier dans les argiles sensibles, où les forces de réaction étant insuffisantes, les déviations deviennent inacceptables.Normal terrains with characteristics good or medium mechanics can develop reactions limiting the reactions induced by them efforts, but it is not the same in the case of soils very soft, especially in sensitive clays, where the reaction forces being insufficient, the deviations become unacceptable.
Il existe donc un besoin pour un dispositif perfectionné qui serait exempt de l'inconvénient sus-mentionné. There is therefore a need for a device perfected which would be free from the above-mentioned drawback.
L'invention a justement pour objet de fournir un tel dispositif.The object of the invention is precisely to provide such a device.
Plus précisément l'invention concerne un dispositif de réalisation en place de colonnes de sol stabilisé et compacté, du genre qui comprend au moins deux arbres parallèles, chaque arbre entraínant en rotation une tarière, chaque tarière étant munie à son extrémité opposée à l'arbre d'entraínement d'une tête de forage désagrégatrice et la distance entre les axes des tarières étant inférieure au diamètre d'une tarière, les arbres et les fûts des tarières comportant un alésage et au moins un orifice communiquant avec ledit alésage étant prévu sur le fût de chaque tarière pour décharger un matériau d'apport, les tarières étant de pas opposés et étant entraínées en rotation en sens contraire et qui comprend, en outre, des moyens d'inversion du sens de rotation des tarières, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un nombre pair n, au moins égal à 4, de tarières et en ce que, vus en section transversale, les axes des tarières sont centrés aux sommets d'un polygone régulier de n côtés.More specifically, the invention relates to a device for making in place columns of stabilized and compacted soil, of the type which comprises at least two parallel shafts, each shaft driving in rotation an auger, each auger being provided at its end opposite the shaft. for driving a disaggregating drilling head and the distance between the axes of the augers being less than the diameter of an auger, the shafts and barrels of the augers having a bore and at least one orifice communicating with said bore being provided on the barrel of each auger for discharging a filler material, the augers being of opposite pitch and being rotated in opposite directions and which further comprises means for reversing the direction of rotation of the augers, characterized in that it includes an even number n , at least equal to 4, of augers and in that, seen in cross section, the axes of the augers are centered at the vertices of a regular polygon of n sides.
Selon des modes de réalisation préférés, le dispositif comporte 4, 6 ou 8 tarières et les axes des tarières sont disposés aux sommets d'un carré, d'un hexagone régulier ou d'un octogone régulier, respectivement.According to preferred embodiments, the device has 4, 6 or 8 augers and the axes of augers are arranged at the tops of a square, a regular hexagon or regular octagon, respectively.
Avec une telle géométrie, on obtient un dispositif symétrique dans lequel les efforts sus-mentionnés se compensent de sorte qu'on n'observe plus de déviations en terrains mous.With such a geometry, we obtain a device symmetrical in which the above-mentioned efforts are compensate so that no more deviations are observed in soft ground.
Le dispositif comporte, de préférence, un seul moteur entraínant, par une boíte à engrenages appropriée, toutes les tarières, ceci dans le but de synchroniser les tarières en rotation, ce qui est essentiel compte tenu de leur imbrication mutuelle, mais il n'est évidemment pas exclu d'employer plusieurs moteurs d'entraínement, si désiré, si, par ailleurs, on prévoit des moyens de synchronisation adéquats de la rotation des tarières. The device preferably comprises a single driving motor, by a suitable gearbox, all augers, in order to synchronize the rotating augers, which is essential given their mutual nesting, but it's obviously not excluded from using several drive motors, if desired, if, moreover, means are provided for adequate synchronization of auger rotation.
La description qui va suivre, en regard des dessins annexés, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif, fera bien comprend comment l'invention peut être réalisée.The following description, next to the drawings attached, given by way of nonlimiting example, will do well understands how the invention can be realized.
Les figures 1 et 2 sont des vues schématiques en élévation et en coupe transversale (selon la ligne II-II) respectivement, d'un mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention.Figures 1 and 2 are schematic views in elevation and cross-section (along line II-II) respectively, of an embodiment of the device according to the invention.
Les figures 3 et 4 sont des vues schématiques en coupe transversale, au niveau des tarières, d'autres modes de réalisation du dispositif de l'invention.Figures 3 and 4 are schematic views in cross-section, at auger level, other modes of the device of the invention.
Le dispositif représenté sur les figures 1 et 2 comporte les éléments suivants :The device shown in Figures 1 and 2 includes the following:
Quatre arbres parallèles 1, pourvus chacun d'un alésage 1a, entraínent quatre tarières hélicoïdales 2 de pas opposés tournant en sens contraire. Les arbres 1 sont disposés de façon que, en coupe transversale (figure 2), leurs axes soient centrés aux sommets d'un carré imaginaire C (représenté en pointillé). Chaque tarière est munie à son extrémité libre d'une tête de forage désagrégatrice 3 adaptée à la nature du terrain. Ce peut être, par exemple, comme illustré, une tête en forme d'hélice, ou bien un couteau. La distance X entre les axes adjacents des tarières est inférieure au diamètre des tarières de façon que les spires des tarières adjacentes soient effectivement engagées l'une dans l'autre de manière à assurer un mouvement ou écoulement forcé du terrain désagrégé 4 par les tarières. Le fût 5 de chaque tarière comporte aussi un alésage 5a qui communique avec l'alésage de l'arbre d'entraínement correspondant, permettant ainsi d'amener le matériau ou liant d'apport, provenant d'une source (non représentée), par voie sèche ou par voie humide jusqu'à des orifices 6 ménagés sur la hauteur du fût de chaque tarière de façon à en assurer le mélange intime avec le terrain désagrégé.Four parallel shafts 1, each provided with a bore 1a, drive four helical augers 2 of not opposite turning in opposite directions. The trees 1 are arranged so that, in cross section (Figure 2), their axes are centered at the vertices of a square imaginary C (shown in dotted lines). Each auger is provided at its free end with a drilling head disaggregator 3 adapted to the nature of the ground. It can be, for example, as illustrated, a shaped head propeller, or a knife. The distance X between the axes adjacent augers is less than the diameter of the augers so that the turns of the adjacent augers are actually engaged in each other's so as to ensure a forced movement or flow of the terrain disaggregated 4 by augers. The keg 5 of each auger also has a bore 5a which communicates with the bore of the corresponding drive shaft, thus making it possible to supply the filler material or binder, from a source (not shown), dry or by wet route to orifices 6 provided on the height of the barrel of each auger so as to ensure its intimate mixture with the disaggregated terrain.
La longueur des tarières est adaptée au type de terrain et est habituellement inférieure à la profondeur de la colonne à réaliser. The length of the augers is adapted to the type of ground and is usually less than the depth of the column to be produced.
Il est à noter que les tarières, au lieu de présenter un profil hélicoïdal continu, pourraient être discontinues, c'est-à-dire être remplacées par une pluralité d'hélices espacées.Note that augers, instead of have a continuous helical profile, could be discontinuous, i.e. be replaced by a plurality of spaced propellers.
Un certain nombre de doubles-paliers 7, fonction de la profondeur de la colonne à réaliser, sont répartis sur la hauteur des arbres d'entraínement et des tarières de façon à maintenir leur parallélisme.A number of double bearings 7, a function of the depth of the column to be produced, are distributed over the height of the drive shafts and augers of so as to maintain their parallelism.
Les quatre arbres 1 sont entraínés en rotation par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif réducteur inverseur à engrenages 8, lui-même relié à un moteur 9, qui les entraíne ainsi que les tarières, en rotation dans des sens opposés et à même vitesse. Cet ensemble moto-réducteur 8-9 peut être porté par une machine de forage (non représentée) installée en surface au droit de la colonne à réaliser soit par l'intermédiaire d'une glissière sur laquelle il peut se déplacer longitudinalement soit librement soit par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de translation. En variante, il peut être suspendu à la flèche d'un engin de levage (grue ou autre). Dans ce dernier cas, on peut adapter le poids du dispositif de façon qu'il exerce l'effort d'appui souhaité.The four shafts 1 are rotated by through a reversing reduction device to gears 8, itself connected to a motor 9, which as well as the augers, rotating in directions opposite and at the same speed. This 8-9 geared motor unit can be carried by a drilling machine (not shown) installed on the surface to the right of the column to realize either via a slide on which it can move longitudinally either freely either through a translation. Alternatively, it can be suspended from the boom of a lifting device (crane or other). In this last case, we can adjust the weight of the device so that it exerts the desired support effort.
La figure 3 illustre schématiquement un dispositif similaire à celui des figures 1 et 2 si ce n'est qu'il comporte six tarières 2 au lieu de quatre. Les arbres 1 de ces tarières sont disposés de façon que, en coupe transversale, leurs axes soient centrés aux sommets d'un hexagone régulier imaginaire H (représenté en pointillé).Figure 3 schematically illustrates a device similar to that of Figures 1 and 2 except that it has six augers 2 instead of four. Trees 1 of these augers are arranged so that, in section transverse, their axes are centered at the vertices of a imaginary regular hexagon H (shown in dotted lines).
La figure 4 illustre schématiquement un dispositif similaire à celui des figures 1 et 2 si ce n'est qu'il comporte huit tarières 2 au lieu de quatre. Les arbres 1 de ces tarières sont disposés de façon que, en coupe transversale, leurs axes soient centrés aux sommets d'un octogone régulier imaginaire O (représenté en pointillé).Figure 4 schematically illustrates a device similar to that of Figures 1 and 2 except that it has eight augers 2 instead of four. Trees 1 of these augers are arranged so that, in section transverse, their axes are centered at the vertices of a imaginary regular octagon O (shown in dotted lines).
Le dispositif perfectionné de l'invention s'utilise de la même manière que le dispositif décrit dans EP-B-0 161 974 auquel on se reportera pour plus de détails. The improved device of the invention is used in the same way as the device described in EP-B-0 161 974 to which reference is made for more details.
Cependant, du fait de la nature symétrique du dispositif de l'invention, ce dernier est exempt du défaut présenté par le dispositif de EP-B-0 161 974 lorsqu'on l'utilise dans des terrains mous, et rappelé dans le préambule de la présente description.However, due to the symmetrical nature of the device of the invention, the latter is free from the defect presented by the device of EP-B-0 161 974 when use it in soft ground, and recalled in the preamble to this description.
Il va de soi que les modes de réalisation décrits ne sont que des exemples et l'on pourrait les modifier, notamment par substitution d'équivalents techniques, sans sortir pour cela du cadre de l'invention.It goes without saying that the embodiments described do not are just examples and we could modify them, in particular by substitution of technical equivalents, without to go beyond the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

  1. Device for the in-situ production of columns of stabilized and compacted soil, of the kind which comprises at least two parallel shafts (1), each shaft driving in rotation one auger (2), each auger being fitted at its opposite end to the drive shaft with a loosening drill head (3) and the distance (X) between the axes of the augers being less than the diameter of an auger, the shafts and the shanks (5) of the augers including a bore (1a, 5a) and at least one orifice (6) communicating with the said bore being provided on the shank of each auger in order to discharge a filler material, the augers having opposite hands and being driven in counterrotation, and which furthermore comprises means (8) for reversing the direction of rotation of the augers, caracterized in that it includes an even number n, at least equal to 4, of augers and in that, seen in cross-section, the axes of the augers are centred at the vertices of a regular n-sided polygon (C, H, O).
  2. Device according to Claim 1, caracterized in that it includes four augers, the axes of which, in cross-section, are centred at the vertices of an imaginary square.
  3. Device according to Claim 1, caracterized in that it includes six augers, the axes of which, in cross-section, are centred at the vertices of an imaginary regular hexagon.
  4. Device according to Claim 1, caracterized in that it includes eight augers, the axes of which, in cross-section, are centred at the vertices of an imaginary regular octagon.
EP19950400033 1994-01-14 1995-01-06 Apparatus for forming piles of soil stabilised and compacted in situ Expired - Lifetime EP0663475B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9400380 1994-01-14
FR9400380A FR2715177B1 (en) 1994-01-14 1994-01-14 Improved device for making in place columns of stabilized and compacted soil.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0663475A1 EP0663475A1 (en) 1995-07-19
EP0663475B1 true EP0663475B1 (en) 1998-03-04

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US (1) US5738465A (en)
EP (1) EP0663475B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0835223A (en)
AT (1) AT163704T (en)
AU (1) AU682731B2 (en)
DE (1) DE69501668D1 (en)
DK (1) DK0663475T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2114723T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2715177B1 (en)
HK (1) HK1004609A1 (en)
MY (1) MY131724A (en)
SG (1) SG52201A1 (en)

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CN104631449B (en) * 2015-02-28 2016-05-25 卢兴耐 Parallelogram mixing pile rig
JP6238088B2 (en) * 2015-04-03 2017-11-29 学校法人関東学院 Improved ground and ground improvement method
CN105019439B (en) * 2015-06-05 2016-09-14 秦劳（上海）实业有限公司 Octagon soil cement pile-formation machine
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CN105113488B (en) * 2015-08-12 2017-05-03 河海大学 Construction method of multi-head minor-diameter long-spiral drilling machine in cast-in-situ major-diameter tubular pile
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Publication number Publication date
FR2715177A1 (en) 1995-07-21
DK0663475T3 (en) 1998-09-28
AU682731B2 (en) 1997-10-16
ES2114723T3 (en) 1998-06-01
MY131724A (en) 2007-08-30
JPH0835223A (en) 1996-02-06
EP0663475A1 (en) 1995-07-19
HK1004609A1 (en) 1998-11-27
US5738465A (en) 1998-04-14
AT163704T (en) 1998-03-15
AU1013395A (en) 1995-07-27
SG52201A1 (en) 1998-09-28
DE69501668D1 (en) 1998-04-09
DK663475T3 (en)
FR2715177B1 (en) 1996-03-01

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