EP0663376A1 - Incendiary composition and incendiary projectile dispersing such a composition - Google Patents

Incendiary composition and incendiary projectile dispersing such a composition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0663376A1
EP0663376A1 EP94402872A EP94402872A EP0663376A1 EP 0663376 A1 EP0663376 A1 EP 0663376A1 EP 94402872 A EP94402872 A EP 94402872A EP 94402872 A EP94402872 A EP 94402872A EP 0663376 A1 EP0663376 A1 EP 0663376A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mass
incendiary
composition
ignition
composition according
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Granted
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EP94402872A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0663376B1 (en
Inventor
Emmanuel Nourdin
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Giat Industries SA
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Giat Industries SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/44—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of incendiary type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters

Definitions

  • the field of the present invention is that of incendiary compositions and projectiles using such compositions.
  • compositions of known type are generally intended to be projected onto a target by means of a vector.
  • compositions having a high heat and reaction temperature as well as a certain power of adhesion to the target.
  • Incendiary materials with such characteristics are most often gelled and doped hydrocarbons.
  • the hydrocarbons have very high reaction heats (from 8 to 10 Kcal / g). They are gelled and doped with pyrotechnic substances (such as redox couples), in order to improve their operating characteristics (combustion time, reaction temperature, sensitivity to ignition, ability to transmit the calories produced to the support).
  • pyrotechnic substances such as redox couples
  • the dispersion is carried out by means of an explosive cane arranged in the axis of the incendiary charge.
  • the thermal effect produced by the explosive rod must also ensure the initiation of the incendiary composition.
  • Patent FR2624962 thus describes an incendiary military head, the composition of which is firstly dispersed by means of a sliding piston and then initiated.
  • the patent US2534215 describes a munition comprising an incendiary fluid inside which are distributed grains which are ignited by the incendiary fluid and which are intended to increase the effectiveness of the latter.
  • Patent DE302600 shows an incendiary composition associated with a particular ignition composition comprising perchlorate, nitrated hydrocarbon and sawdust.
  • the aim sought here is to improve the ignition and the efficiency of the incendiary composition.
  • the ignition composition is either separated from the incendiary composition or mixed therewith.
  • Patent DE1171319 describes an incendiary composition which can comprise granules of combustible material having both a function of thickening agent and allowing a re-ignition of the incendiary if it extinguishes.
  • incendiary composition proposed by the invention is both easy to disperse and to initiate.
  • the subject of the invention is an incendiary composition constituted by the mixture of an incendiary material and an ignition material of the latter, the ignition material being in the form of grains uniformly distributed in the incendiary material, the material ignition consisting of an explosive or a propellant powder or a pyrotechnic composition chosen from the following compositions: Magnesium / Teflon / Viton, Boron / Sodium Nitrate / Nitrocellulose, Magnesium / Barium Nitrate / Ammonium Perchlorate / PVDF, Magnesium / Iron oxide (Fe304) / Ammonium nitrate / PVDF.
  • the composition consists of a mixture of 5 to 25% by mass of ignition material and 95 to 75% by mass of incendiary material and preferably by a mixture of 5 to 15% by mass of ignition material and 95 to 85% by mass of incendiary material.
  • the average size of the grains of ignition material is between 0.1 and 10 mm and preferably between 3 and 6mm.
  • the ignition material can be chosen such that the apparent density of the grains is substantially equal to that of the incendiary material alone.
  • the incendiary material may consist essentially of one or more hydrocarbons.
  • the incendiary material comprises a mixture of: 30 to 78% by mass of hydrocarbons, 10 to 30% by mass of a reducer or oxido / reducer couple doping in the finely divided state, 5 to 25 % by mass of a sensitizer, 5 to 15% by mass of an additional reducing agent forming oxides with low melting point, 0 to 10% by mass of an adhesion agent, and 0 to 15% by mass d 'a binder.
  • this incendiary material could be associated with 5 to 15% by mass of an ignition composition comprising 30% by mass of Magnesium, 54% by mass of Teflon and 16% by mass of Viton.
  • this incendiary material may be associated with 5 to 15% by mass of an ignition composition comprising 16% by mass of boron, 50% by mass of sodium nitrate and 34% by mass of nitrocellulose .
  • this incendiary material may be associated with 5 to 15% by mass of an ignition composition comprising 36% by mass of Magnesium, 28% by mass of Barium Nitrate, 28% by mass of Perchlorate of ammonium and 8% by mass of PVDF.
  • this incendiary material may be associated with 10 to 15% by mass of an ignition composition comprising 36% by mass of magnesium, 28% by mass of iron oxide (Fe3O4), 28% by mass of ammonium nitrate and 8% by mass of PVDF.
  • an ignition composition comprising 36% by mass of magnesium, 28% by mass of iron oxide (Fe3O4), 28% by mass of ammonium nitrate and 8% by mass of PVDF.
  • the invention also relates to an incendiary projectile comprising such a composition placed in a confinement envelope and also comprising pyrotechnic means ensuring cracking of the incendiary charge and initiation of part of the grains of the ignition material.
  • the pyrotechnic means are dimensioned so that they cannot break the confinement envelope.
  • These pyrotechnic means will comprise an ignition composition disposed along an axis of the projectile and which extends from a front part of the envelope over at least part of the total length of the charge.
  • the ignition composition extends over a length of between 20 and 50% of the total length of the charge.
  • the ignition composition will be initiated by means of a transmission cord, itself ignited by an initiator carried by a rear part of the envelope.
  • the envelope comprises a cover for closing its front part having a concave profile oriented towards the front of the projectile.
  • an incendiary projectile 1 comprises an envelope 2, made of aluminum, the diameter of which regularly increases from a rear part 3 to a front part 4.
  • the front part 4 of the envelope 2 receives a ballistic warhead 5 fixed to the casing, for example by threading.
  • the rear part 3 of the envelope carries in a known manner a tail (not shown), and possibly a propulsion system (not shown).
  • the projectile thus constitutes a rocket intended to be fired by a launcher, in particular a light launcher without recoil.
  • the envelope 2 defines a housing 6 inside which is loaded a load 7 of an incendiary composition.
  • the housing 6 is closed at the rear end 3 by a rear cover 8 and at the end 4 by a front cover 9.
  • the front and rear covers are fixed to the casing 2 by means, for example, of radial pins.
  • Sealing means are provided between the wall of the envelope 2 and the covers 8 and 9, they consist for example of elastomer cords 9 and 10 put in place at the time of assembly. We can choose to make these cords a silicone type material.
  • the front cover 9 is separated from the load 7 by a layer 28 of resin.
  • the latter has the function of filling the gaps during the manufacture of the loading by casting as will be explained later.
  • the rear cover 8 carries a housing in which is set up an initiator or pyrotechnic relay 12. In a conventional manner, this relay is disposed opposite an opening 13 of a rocket 14, so as to be able to be ignited by a primer 15, when the latter is brought by a flap 26 in its aligned position (position appearing in FIG. 1).
  • a tube 16 made of steel a few tenths of a mm thick, is arranged along the axis of symmetry XX 'of the projectile, it is fixed on the one hand by threading in a thread 17 of the rear cover 8, and on the other hand to the rear face of a cylindrical housing 18.
  • the cylindrical housing 18, made of sheet steel, is itself slidingly adjusted in a hole 19, made in the front cover 9.
  • connection between the tube 16 and the housing 18 is obtained by an annular crimping 20 of the end of the tube 16 on the bottom of the housing 18.
  • a plug 21 is supported by a shoulder 22 on the front cover 9, it is fixed by gluing to the cover 9.
  • the housing 18 extends in the load 7 over a length L1 from the front cover 9.
  • the length L1 is preferably chosen between 20 and 50% of the total length L2 of the load 7 for reasons which will be explained later .
  • vents 23 regularly distributed over its entire cylindrical surface. These vents have the function of allowing the ignition of the incendiary charge as will be explained later. They are closed in a known manner by metal flakes, produced for example by sticking a sheet of tin on the internal cylindrical surface of the housing 18.
  • the tube 16 contains a transmission and rapid ignition cord 24 which is constituted, for example, by a pyrotechnic composition placed in a polyethylene sheath.
  • the housing 18 contains a pyrotechnic ignition and dispersion composition 25, loaded in bulk, and which is formed by the combination of one or more reducers and one or more oxidants.
  • reducer (s) from the following materials: Zirconium, Atomized aluminum with low particle size, Magnesium.
  • the oxidant (s) can be chosen from the following materials: Potassium Perchlorate, Barium Nitrate, Sodium Nitrate, Barium Peroxide.
  • the formulation will preferably have a positive oxygen balance.
  • a positive oxygen balance As an example, one can choose from the following formulations (where the percentages are expressed by mass): Aluminum (30%) / Potassium Perchlorate (70%), Aluminum (25%) / Potassium Perchlorate (40%) / Barium Nitrate (35%), Zirconium (50%) / Potassium Perchlorate (50%), Aluminum (30%) / Potassium Perchlorate (40%) / Sodium Nitrate (30%), Magnesium (25%) / Barium Peroxide (30%) Potassium Perchlorate (45%).
  • An axial cavity is provided inside the composition 25 to receive one end of the ignition cord 24.
  • the incendiary composition 7 comprises an incendiary material 26 inside which grains 27 of an ignition material are uniformly distributed.
  • the incendiary material consists essentially of one or more hydrocarbons to which additives are added, such as sensitizing agents, adhesion agents, mixtures of oxidants and reducing agents.
  • composition will preferably comprise 30 to 78% by mass of incendiary material.
  • a solid hydrocarbon will be chosen in preference to liquid or gelled compounds. Indeed a solid composition does not disturb the ballistic trajectory of the projectile which contains it and its resistance to aging is better (we avoid evaporation and diffusion problems encountered with liquid or gelled compositions).
  • reaction temperature will be increased by means of redox / reducing couples.
  • the reducer will be chosen from the following materials: Aluminum, Zirconium, Magnesium.
  • the oxidant will be chosen from the following materials: Tungsten, Zinc, Lead, Manganese or iron oxides, Calcium sulphate, Polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the sensitivity will be increased and the ignition of the incendiary composition will therefore be facilitated by adding from 5% to 25% by mass of a sensitizer chosen from the following compounds:
  • Ammonium perchlorate Nitrocellulose, Nitroguanidine, Ammonium nitrate.
  • oxidizers with a low melting point such as Sodium Nitrate, Barium Nitrate, Barium Peroxide, Potassium Nitrate, Potassium Chlorate and Barium Chlorate .
  • the adhesion of the composition to the target can be increased by adding 2% to 10% by mass of an adhesion agent chosen from the following compounds: chloroprenes, silicones, fluorinated silicones, polyisoprenes, isobutylene copolymers -isoprene and butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers.
  • an adhesion agent chosen from the following compounds: chloroprenes, silicones, fluorinated silicones, polyisoprenes, isobutylene copolymers -isoprene and butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers.
  • a binder chosen from the following compounds: Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Polyurethanes, Viton (Registered trademark to denote the chlorofluoroethylene copolymers).
  • PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Viton (Registered trademark to denote the chlorofluoroethylene copolymers).
  • reducing agent whose oxidized compound has a low melting point (less than or equal to 900 ° C), in order to form liquid slag.
  • This reducing agent will, for example, be chosen from the following compounds: Red phosphorus, Antimony, Boron, Vanadium.
  • Hydrocarbon Naphthalene 30% to 60% (preferably 35%), Oxidizing / reducing dopant mixture: Aluminum (particle size 10 micrometers) 12 to 18% (preferably 15%) and Magnesium 7% to 15% (preferably 10%), the oxidant here consists of the oxygen in the air and the sodium nitrate cited among the sensitizers. Awareness: Ammonium perchlorate 5 to 25% (preferably 15%) and Sodium nitrate 5 to 12% (preferably 10%), Adhesion agent: Chloroprene 4 to 8% (preferably 5%) Additional reducer: Red phosphorus 7 to 15% (preferably 10%).
  • Hydrocarbon Phenanthrene 30% to 70% (preferably 35%), Oxidizing / reducing dopant mixture: Magnesium 5 to 15% (preferably 10%), Zirconium 5% to 12% (preferably 10%), Calcium sulfate 5 to 12% (preferably 10%), Awareness: Potassium nitrate 5 to 10% (preferably 5%), Nitrocellulose 5 to 20% (preferably 10%) and Barium Chlorate 5 to 10% (preferably 5%). Additional reducers: Red phosphorus 5 to 15% (preferably 10%) and Antimony 5 to 10% (preferably 5%).
  • Hydrocarbon Anthracene 30% to 70% (preferably 33%), Oxidizing / reducing dopant mixture: Aluminum (particle size 10 micrometers) 10 to 16% (preferably 10%), Zirconium 5% to 12% (preferably 10%) and Iron Oxide (Fe3O4) 5 to 8% (preferably 7%), Awareness: Barium nitrate 5 to 10% (preferably 10%) and Ammonium nitrate 5 to 25% (preferably 15%), Adhesion agent: Chloroprene 4 to 8% (preferably 5%) Additional reducer: Red phosphorus 7 to 15% (preferably 10%).
  • Hydrocarbon Anthracene 30% to 70% (preferably 30%), Oxidizing / reducing dopant mixture: Aluminum (particle size 10 micrometers) 10 to 15% (preferably 10%), Magnesium 8% to 12% (preferably 10%) and Iron Oxide (Fe3O4) 5 to 12% (preferably 8%), Awareness: Sodium nitrate 5 to 15% (preferably 7%) and Nitrocellulose 5 to 15% (preferably 10%). Additional reducer: Red phosphorus 5 to 10% (preferably 5%) and Boron 5 to 10% (preferably 5%), Adhesion agent: Silicone from 4 to 8% (preferably 5%). Binder: PVDF 5 to 12% (preferably 10%).
  • the material constituting the grains 27 of the ignition material is chosen on the one hand as a function of its capacity to initiate the incendiary material 26 chosen, and on the other hand as a function of its own sensitivity to flame and hot gases, since this material must itself be initiated by the ignition composition 25.
  • the speed of propagation of the reaction of the material of the grain 27 will be chosen between 1m / s and 3000m / s, in order to ensure a rapid initiation step by step of the grains 27 before the envelope 2 bursts.
  • the grains 27 of the ignition material will be calibrated with an average dimension of between 0.1mm and 10mm and preferably between 3 and 6mm.
  • the shape of the grains may be any, but will preferably be spherical or spheroidal.
  • the ignition material which forms the grains may consist of an explosive capable of taking on an explosive regime (reaction propagation speed between 300m / s and 3000m / s) when it is subjected to a thermal flux.
  • the ignition material may also consist of a propellant powder (single, double or multibase), based on nitrocellulose, nitroguanidine or nitroglycerin.
  • the ignition material may finally consist of a pyrotechnic composition, the operating mode of which is either lively combustion or a deflagration.
  • the ignition material from the pyrotechnic compositions consisting of one or more reducers chosen from the following materials: Aluminum, Magnesium, Zirconium.
  • oxidants chosen from the following compounds: Sodium Nitrate, Barium Nitrate, Potassium Nitrate, Barium Peroxide, Potassium Chlorate, Barium Chlorate, Teflon (Registered trademark).
  • This redox / reducing composition will optionally be supplemented with a sensitizing compound such as nitrocellulose or ammonium perchlorate, and may comprise a binder such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) or Viton (registered trademark).
  • a sensitizing compound such as nitrocellulose or ammonium perchlorate
  • a binder such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) or Viton (registered trademark).
  • composition is then granulated (passage through a sieve whose mesh vacuum is adapted to the desired particle size).
  • pyrotechnic ignition compositions may be chosen (the proportions are expressed as percentages of the total mass of the composition considered):
  • the mass ratio between all of the grains 27 and the incendiary material 26 will depend on the sensitivity of the incendiary composition and on the characteristics of the material constituting the grains.
  • a mixture of 5 to 25% by mass of ignition material and 95 to 75% by mass of incendiary material will generally be adopted.
  • the preferred proportions will be those of a mixture of 5 to 15% by mass of ignition material and 95 to 85% by mass of incendiary material.
  • compositions can be produced:
  • Incendiary composition according to example M1 from 85 to 95% by mass
  • Ignition composition according to example A1 from 5 to 15% by mass.
  • Incendiary composition according to example M2 from 85 to 95% by mass
  • Ignition composition according to example A2 from 5 to 15% by mass.
  • Incendiary composition according to example M3 from 85 to 95% by mass
  • Ignition composition according to example A3 from 5 to 15% by mass.
  • Incendiary composition according to example M4 from 85 to 90% by mass
  • Ignition composition according to example A4 from 10 to 15% by mass.
  • the rocket 14 initiates the relay 12.
  • the latter in turn ignites the ignition cord 24 which has the function of rapidly initiating the ignition and dispersion composition 25 (with a delay of less than 2 ms) without disturbing the incendiary charge 7.
  • the ignition composition 25 generates hot gases and flames which exit from the housing 18 through the vents 23.
  • the ignition composition 25 is dimensioned so as not to be able to break the confinement produced by the casing 2 and the front and rear covers 8 and 9.
  • the increase in pressure caused by the initiation of the composition 25 therefore causes the incendiary charge 7 to crack and the initiation of the ignition grains 27 located closest to the housing 18.
  • each fragment comprises a portion of incendiary material 26 carrying one or more ignition grains 27 which are initiated and which in turn ensure the ignition of the incendiary material 26.
  • the distribution of the ignition grains within the incendiary composition thus makes it possible to solve the problem of the dispersion of the composition in the form of ignited fragments thanks to the chronology of operation of the charge. Indeed, it is the initiation step by step of the ignition grains which ensures the fragmentation of the incendiary charge then the bursting of the envelope.
  • Each fragment of composition which is dispersed thus carries its own source of initiation in the form of one or more grains of ignited ignition material placed on the surface of the incendiary material. This ensures ignition of the incendiary material after the fragments have dispersed.
  • incendiary composition proposed by the invention is not very sensitive to external stresses (shocks, vibrations), since the most sensitive part (the grains of ignition material) is embedded in an insensitive material ( incendiary material).
  • the box 18 is carried by the front cover 9 and that it extends in the load 7 over a length L1 of less than 50% of the total length L2 of the load 7.
  • Such an arrangement has the effect of advancing the charge initiation reaction in a direction which is both radial around the housing 18, and axial from the front part 4 towards the rear part 3 of the projectile.
  • the envelope may for example be made of plastic or composite material, for example in filament wound.
  • Envelope 2 may be provided with break-off primers of particular shapes in order to give a particular distribution for the fragments of the incendiary composition.
  • break initiators regularly distributed angularly and extending in a longitudinal direction of the envelope.
  • FIG. 2 gives the example of a variant in which the front cover 9 has a conical shape converging towards the rear part 3 of the projectile.
  • Such an arrangement also favors a radial dispersion of the fragments of the incendiary composition 7.
  • This shape is in particular well suited to radial dispersion during the impact of the projectile on a target.
  • a ballistic warhead 5 made of light material such as a thin plastic material is then adopted. Upon impact on a target, the warhead is fragmented and the front cover 9 comes into contact with the target. The shock causes deformation of the front cover.
  • the cone of the lid opens and this deformation has the effect of pushing back the load incendiary towards the rear and favor its radial dispersion.
  • Figure 3 summarizes the different phases of a particular method of manufacturing a projectile according to the invention.
  • a second thermostatically controlled enclosure E2 receives, via a supply orifice O1, all of the incendiary material originating from E1. It also receives through an O2 supply orifice the ignition grains coming from a distribution system S.
  • the distribution system S supplies the mass of grains 27 which is necessary for the incendiary mass supplied by E1.
  • a stirrer A homogenizes the mixture of the grains 27 and the incendiary material 26.
  • a projectile casing 2 equipped with the rear cover 8, the tube 16 and the housing 18 (tube and housing are empty and have not yet received the ignition cord and composition ).
  • phase P1 the quantity of incendiary composition required is poured into this envelope.
  • phase P2 The composition is allowed to cool and solidify, then a layer 28 of resin is placed to fill the gaps after cooling (phase P2).
  • the load is closed by placing the front cover 9.
  • the elements of the ignition pyrotechnic chain are placed: relay 12, cord 24, ignition composition 25.
  • the plug 21 is fixed.
  • the envelope containing the charge is then ready to receive other elements so as to constitute the incendiary projectile 1 (rocket, warhead, empennage, propellant ).

Abstract

The incendiary compsn. comprises a mixt. of an incendiary material and ignition component, the latter being in the form of granules uniformly distributed within the incendiary material. Also claimed is an incendiary projectile in which the compsn. is used.

Description

Le domaine de la présente invention est celui des compositions incendiaires et des projectiles mettant en oeuvre de telles compositions.The field of the present invention is that of incendiary compositions and projectiles using such compositions.

Les compositions incendiaires de type connu sont destinées généralement à être projetées sur une cible au moyen d'un vecteur.The incendiary compositions of known type are generally intended to be projected onto a target by means of a vector.

Lorsqu'on utilise un vecteur du type lance-flamme, il est facile de projeter sur la cible une quantité importante d'une composition enflammée (généralement un hydrocarbure à l'état liquide ou éventuellement gélifié). Cependant les lance-flammes ont une portée insuffisante.When using a vector of the flame thrower type, it is easy to project onto the target a large quantity of an ignited composition (generally a hydrocarbon in the liquid state or possibly gelled). However, the flame throwers have an insufficient range.

Lorsqu'on utilise un vecteur du type projectile, il est possible de déposer une composition incendiaire à une distance relativement importante, mais la quantité de composition projetée est limitée par la capacité d'emport du projectile.When using a projectile type vector, it is possible to deposit an incendiary composition at a relatively large distance, but the quantity of composition projected is limited by the carrying capacity of the projectile.

Afin d'avoir une efficacité suffisante on est amené à concevoir des compositions présentant une chaleur et une température de réaction élevée ainsi qu'un certain pouvoir d'adhérence sur la cible.In order to have sufficient effectiveness, it is necessary to design compositions having a high heat and reaction temperature as well as a certain power of adhesion to the target.

Il est en effet nécessaire de pouvoir disperser des fragments incendiaires capables de se fixer sur la cible sur une surface la plus grande possible et pouvant par leur chaleur provoquer l'inflammation de cette dernière.It is indeed necessary to be able to disperse incendiary fragments capable of fixing themselves on the target over the largest possible surface and which, by their heat, can cause the latter to ignite.

Les matériaux incendiaires présentant de telles caractéristiques sont le plus souvent des hydrocarbures gélifiés et dopés.Incendiary materials with such characteristics are most often gelled and doped hydrocarbons.

En effet les hydrocarbures présentent des chaleurs de réaction très élevées (de 8 à 10 Kcal/g). Ils sont gélifiés et dopés avec des substances pyrotechniques (telles des couples oxydo-réducteurs), afin d'améliorer leurs caractéristiques de fonctionnement (durée de combustion, température de réaction, sensibilité à l'allumage, capacité à transmettre au support les calories produites).Indeed, the hydrocarbons have very high reaction heats (from 8 to 10 Kcal / g). They are gelled and doped with pyrotechnic substances (such as redox couples), in order to improve their operating characteristics (combustion time, reaction temperature, sensitivity to ignition, ability to transmit the calories produced to the support).

Il se pose alors le problème de la dispersion et de l'initiation de telles compositions.The problem then arises of the dispersion and initiation of such compositions.

Le plus souvent la dispersion est réalisée au moyen d'une canne explosive disposée dans l'axe du chargement incendiaire. L'effet thermique produit par la canne explosive doit également assurer l'initiation de la composition incendiaire.Most often the dispersion is carried out by means of an explosive cane arranged in the axis of the incendiary charge. The thermal effect produced by the explosive rod must also ensure the initiation of the incendiary composition.

Avec de tels systèmes de dispersion, l'expérience montre que l'initiation des fragments de composition incendiaire est très difficile, en raison d'une part de la faible sensibilité à l'allumage du matériau incendiaire et d'autre part des délais d'allumage trop faibles compte tenu de la vitesse d'arrivée du projectile sur la cible.With such dispersion systems, experience shows that the initiation of fragments of incendiary composition is very difficult, on the one hand due to the low sensitivity to ignition of the incendiary material and on the other hand ignition too low taking into account the speed of arrival of the projectile on the target.

D'autres solutions prévoient de séparer la phase de dispersion de celle d'initiation.Other solutions provide for separating the dispersion phase from that of initiation.

Le brevet FR2624962 décrit ainsi une tête militaire incendiaire dont la composition est tout d'abord dispersée au moyen d'un piston coulissant puis initiée.Patent FR2624962 thus describes an incendiary military head, the composition of which is firstly dispersed by means of a sliding piston and then initiated.

Un tel projectile est de mise en oeuvre complexe et il est coûteux.Such a projectile is complex to implement and it is expensive.

Le brevet US2534215 décrit une munition comportant un fluide incendiaire à l'intérieur duquel sont répartis des grains qui sont allumés par le fluide incendiaire et qui sont destinés à accroitre l'efficacité de celui-ci.The patent US2534215 describes a munition comprising an incendiary fluid inside which are distributed grains which are ignited by the incendiary fluid and which are intended to increase the effectiveness of the latter.

Le brevet DE302600 montre une composition incendiaire associée à une composition d'allumage particulière comprenant perchlorate, hydrocarbure nitré et sciure de bois. Le but recherché ici est d'améliorer l'allumage et l'efficacité de la composition incendiaire. La composition d'allumage est soit séparée de la composition incendiaire soit mélangée à celle-ci.Patent DE302600 shows an incendiary composition associated with a particular ignition composition comprising perchlorate, nitrated hydrocarbon and sawdust. The aim sought here is to improve the ignition and the efficiency of the incendiary composition. The ignition composition is either separated from the incendiary composition or mixed therewith.

Le brevet DE1171319 décrit une composition incendiaire pouvant comporter des granulés de matériau combustible ayant à la fois une fonction d'agent épaississant et permettant un réallumage de l'incendiaire si celui-ci s'éteint.Patent DE1171319 describes an incendiary composition which can comprise granules of combustible material having both a function of thickening agent and allowing a re-ignition of the incendiary if it extinguishes.

Si ces documents proposent des compositions à efficacité incendiaire améliorée, ils ne permettent pas de résoudre conjointement les problèmes de la dispersion et celui de l'initiation de la composition incendiaire.If these documents propose compositions with improved incendiary efficiency, they do not make it possible to jointly solve the problems of dispersion and that of the initiation of the incendiary composition.

C'est un premier but de l'invention que de proposer une composition incendiaire qui ne présente pas de tels inconvénients.It is a first object of the invention to propose an incendiary composition which does not have such drawbacks.

Ainsi la composition incendiaire proposée par l'invention est à la fois facile à disperser et à initier.Thus the incendiary composition proposed by the invention is both easy to disperse and to initiate.

C'est un autre but de la présente invention que de proposer un projectile incendiaire de conception simple et qui est adapté à la dispersion d'une telle composition.It is another object of the present invention to provide an incendiary projectile of simple design and which is suitable for the dispersion of such a composition.

Ainsi l'invention a pour objet une composition incendiaire constituée par le mélange d'un matériau incendiaire et d'un matériau d'allumage de ce dernier, le matériau d'allumage étant sous forme de grains uniformément répartis dans le matériau incendiaire, le matériau d'allumage étant constitué par un explosif ou une poudre propulsive ou une composition pyrotechnique choisie parmi les compositions suivantes:
   Magnésium/Téflon/Viton,
   Bore/Nitrate de Sodium/Nitrocellulose,
   Magnésium/Nitrate de Baryum/Perchlorate d'ammonium/PVDF,
   Magnésium/Oxyde de fer (Fe304)/Nitrate d'ammonium/PVDF.Thus, the subject of the invention is an incendiary composition constituted by the mixture of an incendiary material and an ignition material of the latter, the ignition material being in the form of grains uniformly distributed in the incendiary material, the material ignition consisting of an explosive or a propellant powder or a pyrotechnic composition chosen from the following compositions:
Magnesium / Teflon / Viton,
Boron / Sodium Nitrate / Nitrocellulose,
Magnesium / Barium Nitrate / Ammonium Perchlorate / PVDF,
Magnesium / Iron oxide (Fe304) / Ammonium nitrate / PVDF.

Plus précisément, la composition est constituée par un mélange de 5 à 25% en masse de matériau d'allumage et de 95 à 75% en masse de matériau incendiaire et de préférence par un mélange de 5 à 15% en masse de matériau d'allumage et de 95 à 85% en masse de matériau incendiaire.More specifically, the composition consists of a mixture of 5 to 25% by mass of ignition material and 95 to 75% by mass of incendiary material and preferably by a mixture of 5 to 15% by mass of ignition material and 95 to 85% by mass of incendiary material.

La dimension moyenne des grains de matériau d'allumage est comprise entre 0,1 et 10 mm et préférentiellement comprise entre 3 et 6mm.The average size of the grains of ignition material is between 0.1 and 10 mm and preferably between 3 and 6mm.

On pourra choisir le matériau d'allumage tel que la densité apparente des grains est sensiblement égale à celle du matériau incendiaire seul.The ignition material can be chosen such that the apparent density of the grains is substantially equal to that of the incendiary material alone.

Le matériau incendiaire pourra être constitué essentiellement par un ou plusieurs hydrocarbures.The incendiary material may consist essentially of one or more hydrocarbons.

D'une façon préférée, le matériau incendiaire comporte un mélange de : 30 à 78% en masse d'hydrocarbures, 10 à 30 % en masse d'un réducteur ou couple oxydo/réducteur dopant à l'état finement divisé, 5 à 25 % en masse d'un sensibilisant, 5 à 15% en masse d'un réducteur complémentaire formant des oxydes à bas point de fusion, 0 à 10% en masse d'un agent d'adhérence, et 0 à 15% en masse d'un liant.In a preferred manner, the incendiary material comprises a mixture of: 30 to 78% by mass of hydrocarbons, 10 to 30% by mass of a reducer or oxido / reducer couple doping in the finely divided state, 5 to 25 % by mass of a sensitizer, 5 to 15% by mass of an additional reducing agent forming oxides with low melting point, 0 to 10% by mass of an adhesion agent, and 0 to 15% by mass d 'a binder.

Selon un premier exemple, le matériau incendiaire comporte:

  • comme Hydrocarbure: de 30% à 60% de Naphtalène et de préférence 35%,
  • comme mélange réducteur dopant: de 12 à 18% d'Aluminium (de préférence 15%) et de 7% à 15% de Magnésium (de préférence 10%),
  • comme sensibilisant: de 5 à 25% de Perchlorate d'ammonium (de préférence 15%) et de 5 à 12% de Nitrate de sodium (de préférence 10%),
  • comme agent d'adhérence: de 4 à 8% de Chloroprène (de préférence 5%),
  • comme réducteur complémentaire: de 7 à 15% de Phosphore rouge (de préférence 10%).
According to a first example, the incendiary material comprises:
  • as Hydrocarbon: from 30% to 60% of Naphthalene and preferably 35%,
  • as doping reducing mixture: from 12 to 18% of Aluminum (preferably 15%) and from 7% to 15% of Magnesium (preferably 10%),
  • as sensitizer: from 5 to 25% of ammonium perchlorate (preferably 15%) and from 5 to 12% of sodium nitrate (preferably 10%),
  • as adhesion agent: from 4 to 8% of Chloroprene (preferably 5%),
  • as an additional reducing agent: from 7 to 15% of red phosphorus (preferably 10%).

85 à 95% en masse de ce matériau incendiaire pourront être associés à 5 à 15% en masse d'une composition d'allumage comprenant 30% en masse de Magnésium, 54% en masse de Téflon et 16% en masse de Viton.85 to 95% by mass of this incendiary material could be associated with 5 to 15% by mass of an ignition composition comprising 30% by mass of Magnesium, 54% by mass of Teflon and 16% by mass of Viton.

Selon un deuxième exemple, le matériau incendiaire comporte:

  • comme Hydrocarbure: de 30% à 70% de Phénantrène (de préférence 35%),
  • comme mélange oxydo/réducteur dopant: de 5% à 15% de Magnésium (de préférence 10%), de 5 à 12% de Zirconium (de préférence 10%) et de 5 à 12% de Sulfate de Calcium (de préférence 10%),
  • comme sensibilisant: de 5 à 10% de Nitrate de Potassium (de préférence 5%), de 5 à 20% de Nitrocellulose (de préférence 10%) et de 5 à 10% de Chlorate de Baryum (de préférence 5%),
  • comme réducteur complémentaire: de 5 à 15% de Phosphore rouge (de préférence 10%) et de 5 à 10% d'Antimoine (de préférence 5%).
According to a second example, the incendiary material comprises:
  • as Hydrocarbon: from 30% to 70% of Phenanthrene (preferably 35%),
  • as oxidant / reducing dopant mixture: 5% to 15% of Magnesium (preferably 10%), 5 to 12% of Zirconium (preferably 10%) and 5 to 12% of Calcium Sulphate (preferably 10% ),
  • as sensitizer: from 5 to 10% of potassium nitrate (preferably 5%), from 5 to 20% of nitrocellulose (preferably 10%) and from 5 to 10% of barium chlorate (preferably 5%),
  • as additional reducing agent: from 5 to 15% of red phosphorus (preferably 10%) and from 5 to 10% of antimony (preferably 5%).

85 à 95% en masse de ce matériau incendiaire pourront être associés à 5 à 15% en masse d'une composition d'allumage comprenant 16% en masse de Bore, 50% en masse de Nitrate de Sodium et 34% en masse de Nitrocellulose.85 to 95% by mass of this incendiary material may be associated with 5 to 15% by mass of an ignition composition comprising 16% by mass of boron, 50% by mass of sodium nitrate and 34% by mass of nitrocellulose .

Selon un troisième exemple, le matériau incendiaire comporte:

  • comme Hydrocarbure: de 30% à 70% d'Anthracène (de préférence 33%),
  • comme mélange oxydo/réducteur dopant: de 10% à 16% d'Aluminium (de préférence 10%), de 5 à 12% de Zirconium (de préférence 10%) et de 5 à 8% d'oxyde de fer (Fe3O4) (de préférence 7%),
  • comme sensibilisant: de 5 à 10% de Nitrate de Baryum (de préférence 10%) et de 5 à 25% de nitrate d'ammonium (de préférence 15%),
  • comme réducteur complémentaire: de 7 à 15% de Phosphore rouge (de préférence 10%),
  • comme agent d'adhérence: de 4 à 8% de Chloroprène (de préférence 5%).
According to a third example, the incendiary material comprises:
  • as Hydrocarbon: from 30% to 70% of Anthracene (preferably 33%),
  • as doping redox / reducing mixture: from 10% to 16% of Aluminum (preferably 10%), from 5 to 12% of Zirconium (preferably 10%) and from 5 to 8% of iron oxide (Fe3O4) (preferably 7%),
  • as sensitizer: from 5 to 10% of Barium Nitrate (preferably 10%) and from 5 to 25% of ammonium nitrate (preferably 15%),
  • as an additional reducing agent: from 7 to 15% of red phosphorus (preferably 10%),
  • as adhesion agent: from 4 to 8% of Chloroprene (preferably 5%).

85 à 95% en masse de ce matériau incendiaire pourront être associés à 5 à 15% en masse d'une composition d'allumage comprenant 36% en masse de Magnésium, 28% en masse de Nitrate de Baryum, 28% en masse de Perchlorate d'ammonium et 8% en masse de PVDF.85 to 95% by mass of this incendiary material may be associated with 5 to 15% by mass of an ignition composition comprising 36% by mass of Magnesium, 28% by mass of Barium Nitrate, 28% by mass of Perchlorate of ammonium and 8% by mass of PVDF.

Selon un quatrième exemple, le matériau incendiaire comporte:

  • comme Hydrocarbure: de 30% à 70% d'Anthracène (de préférence 30%),
  • comme mélange oxydo/réducteur dopant: de 10% à 15% d'Aluminium (de préférence 10%), de 8 à 12% de Magnésium (de préférence 10%) et de 5 à 12% d'oxyde de fer (Fe3O4) (de préférence 8%),
  • comme sensibilisant: de 5 à 15% de Nitrate de sodium (de préférence 7%) et de 5 à 15% de Nitrocellulose (de préférence 10%),
  • comme réducteur complémentaire: de 5 à 10% de Phosphore rouge (de préférence 5%) et 5 à 10% de Bore (de préférence 5%),
  • comme liant : de 5 à 12% de PVDF (de préférence 10%),
  • comme agent d'adhérence de 4 à 8% de Silicone (de préférence 5%).
According to a fourth example, the incendiary material comprises:
  • as Hydrocarbon: from 30% to 70% of Anthracene (preferably 30%),
  • as oxidant / reducing dopant mixture: from 10% to 15% of Aluminum (preferably 10%), from 8 to 12% of Magnesium (preferably 10%) and from 5 to 12% of iron oxide (Fe3O4) (preferably 8%),
  • as sensitizer: from 5 to 15% of sodium nitrate (preferably 7%) and from 5 to 15% of nitrocellulose (preferably 10%),
  • as additional reducing agent: from 5 to 10% of red phosphorus (preferably 5%) and 5 to 10% of boron (preferably 5%),
  • as binder: from 5 to 12% of PVDF (preferably 10%),
  • as adhesion agent from 4 to 8% of Silicone (preferably 5%).

85 à 90% en masse de ce matériau incendiaire pourront être associés à 10 à 15% en masse d'une composition d'allumage comprenant 36% en masse de Magnésium, 28% en masse d'Oxyde de fer (Fe3O4), 28% en masse de Nitrate d'ammonium et 8% en masse de PVDF.85 to 90% by mass of this incendiary material may be associated with 10 to 15% by mass of an ignition composition comprising 36% by mass of magnesium, 28% by mass of iron oxide (Fe3O4), 28% by mass of ammonium nitrate and 8% by mass of PVDF.

L'invention a également pour objet un projectile incendiaire comportant une telle composition mise en place dans une enveloppe de confinement et comportant également des moyens pyrotechniques assurant une fissuration du chargement incendiaire et une initiation d'une partie des grains du matériau d'allumage.The invention also relates to an incendiary projectile comprising such a composition placed in a confinement envelope and also comprising pyrotechnic means ensuring cracking of the incendiary charge and initiation of part of the grains of the ignition material.

D'une façon préférée, les moyens pyrotechniques sont dimensionnés de telle sorte qu'il ne puissent rompre l'enveloppe de confinement.Preferably, the pyrotechnic means are dimensioned so that they cannot break the confinement envelope.

Ces moyens pyrotechniques comprendront une composition d'allumage disposée suivant un axe du projectile et qui s'étend depuis une partie avant de l'enveloppe sur au moins une partie de la longueur totale du chargement.These pyrotechnic means will comprise an ignition composition disposed along an axis of the projectile and which extends from a front part of the envelope over at least part of the total length of the charge.

Avantageusement, la composition d'allumage s'étend sur une longueur comprise entre 20 et 50% de la longueur totale du chargement.Advantageously, the ignition composition extends over a length of between 20 and 50% of the total length of the charge.

La composition d'allumage sera initiée au moyen d'un cordeau de transmission, lui même allumé par un initiateur porté par une partie arrière de l'enveloppe.The ignition composition will be initiated by means of a transmission cord, itself ignited by an initiator carried by a rear part of the envelope.

Suivant une variante, l'enveloppe comporte un couvercle de fermeture de sa partie avant présentant un profil concave orienté vers l'avant du projectile.According to a variant, the envelope comprises a cover for closing its front part having a concave profile oriented towards the front of the projectile.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une vue partielle en coupe axiale d'un projectile incendiaire selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue partielle en coupe axiale d'un projectile incendiaire selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention.
  • la figure 3 est un schéma présentant les différentes phases d'un procédé particulier de réalisation d'un projectile selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows of particular embodiments, description made with reference to the appended drawings and in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a partial view in axial section of an incendiary projectile according to a first embodiment of the invention,
  • Figure 2 is a partial view in axial section of an incendiary projectile according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a diagram showing the different phases of a particular method of producing a projectile according to the invention.

En se reportant à la figure 1, un projectile incendiaire 1 comporte une enveloppe 2, réalisée en aluminium, et dont le diamètre croît régulièrement d'une partie arrière 3 à une partie avant 4. La partie avant 4 de l'enveloppe 2 reçoit une ogive balistique 5 fixée à l'enveloppe, par exemple par filetage.Referring to FIG. 1, an incendiary projectile 1 comprises an envelope 2, made of aluminum, the diameter of which regularly increases from a rear part 3 to a front part 4. The front part 4 of the envelope 2 receives a ballistic warhead 5 fixed to the casing, for example by threading.

La partie arrière 3 de l'enveloppe porte d'une façon connue un empennage (non représenté), et éventuellement un système propulsif (non représenté). Le projectile constitue ainsi une roquette destinée à être tirée par un lanceur, en particulier un lanceur léger sans recul.The rear part 3 of the envelope carries in a known manner a tail (not shown), and possibly a propulsion system (not shown). The projectile thus constitutes a rocket intended to be fired by a launcher, in particular a light launcher without recoil.

L'enveloppe 2 délimite un logement 6 à l'intérieur duquel est mis en place un chargement 7 d'une composition incendiaire.The envelope 2 defines a housing 6 inside which is loaded a load 7 of an incendiary composition.

Le logement 6 est fermé au niveau de l'extrémité arrière 3 par un couvercle arrière 8 et à l'extrémité 4 par un couvercle avant 9.The housing 6 is closed at the rear end 3 by a rear cover 8 and at the end 4 by a front cover 9.

Les couvercles avant et arrière sont fixés sur l'enveloppe 2 au moyen par exemple de goupilles radiales. Des moyens d'étanchéité sont prévus entre la paroi de l'enveloppe 2 et les couvercles 8 et 9, ils sont constitués par exemple par des cordons d'élastomère 9 et 10 mis en place au moment du montage. On pourra choisir pour réaliser ces cordons un matériau du type silicone.The front and rear covers are fixed to the casing 2 by means, for example, of radial pins. Sealing means are provided between the wall of the envelope 2 and the covers 8 and 9, they consist for example of elastomer cords 9 and 10 put in place at the time of assembly. We can choose to make these cords a silicone type material.

Le couvercle avant 9 est séparé du chargement 7 par une couche 28 de résine. Cette dernière a pour fonction de combler les jeux lors de la fabrication du chargement par coulée comme cela sera expliqué par la suite.The front cover 9 is separated from the load 7 by a layer 28 of resin. The latter has the function of filling the gaps during the manufacture of the loading by casting as will be explained later.

Le couvercle arrière 8 porte un logement dans lequel est mis en place un initiateur ou relais pyrotechnique 12. D'une façon classique, ce relais est disposé en regard d'une ouverture 13 d'une fusée 14, de façon à pouvoir être allumé par une amorce 15, lorsque cette dernière est amenée par un volet 26 dans sa position alignée (position apparaissant sur la figure 1).The rear cover 8 carries a housing in which is set up an initiator or pyrotechnic relay 12. In a conventional manner, this relay is disposed opposite an opening 13 of a rocket 14, so as to be able to be ignited by a primer 15, when the latter is brought by a flap 26 in its aligned position (position appearing in FIG. 1).

Un tube 16, réalisé en acier de quelques dixièmes de mm d'épaisseur, est disposé suivant l'axe de symétrie XX' du projectile, il est fixé d'une part par filetage dans un taraudage 17 du couvercle arrière 8, et d'autre part à la face arrière d'un boîtier cylindrique 18.A tube 16, made of steel a few tenths of a mm thick, is arranged along the axis of symmetry XX 'of the projectile, it is fixed on the one hand by threading in a thread 17 of the rear cover 8, and on the other hand to the rear face of a cylindrical housing 18.

Le boîtier cylindrique 18, réalisé en tôle d'acier, est lui même ajusté de façon glissante dans un trou 19, réalisé dans le couvercle avant 9.The cylindrical housing 18, made of sheet steel, is itself slidingly adjusted in a hole 19, made in the front cover 9.

La liaison entre le tube 16 et le boîtier 18 est obtenue par un sertissage annulaire 20 de l'extrémité du tube 16 sur le fond du boîtier 18.The connection between the tube 16 and the housing 18 is obtained by an annular crimping 20 of the end of the tube 16 on the bottom of the housing 18.

Un bouchon 21 prend appui par un épaulement 22 sur le couvercle avant 9, il est fixé par collage sur le couvercle 9.A plug 21 is supported by a shoulder 22 on the front cover 9, it is fixed by gluing to the cover 9.

Le boîtier 18 s'étend dans le chargement 7 sur une longueur L1 à partir du couvercle avant 9. La longueur L1 est préférentiellement choisie comprise entre 20 et 50% de la longueur totale L2 du chargement 7 pour des raisons qui seront précisées par la suite.The housing 18 extends in the load 7 over a length L1 from the front cover 9. The length L1 is preferably chosen between 20 and 50% of the total length L2 of the load 7 for reasons which will be explained later .

Le boîtier 18 est percé d'évents 23, régulièrement répartis sur toute sa surface cylindrique. Ces évents ont pour fonction de permettre l'allumage de la charge incendiaire comme cela sera explicité par la suite. Ils sont obturés d'une façon connue par des paillets métalliques, réalisés par exemple en collant une feuille d'étain sur la surface cylindrique interne du boîtier 18.The housing 18 is pierced with vents 23, regularly distributed over its entire cylindrical surface. These vents have the function of allowing the ignition of the incendiary charge as will be explained later. They are closed in a known manner by metal flakes, produced for example by sticking a sheet of tin on the internal cylindrical surface of the housing 18.

Le tube 16 contient un cordeau 24 de transmission et d'allumage rapide qui est constitué par exemple par une composition pyrotechnique placée dans une gaine en polyéthylène.The tube 16 contains a transmission and rapid ignition cord 24 which is constituted, for example, by a pyrotechnic composition placed in a polyethylene sheath.

Le boîtier 18 contient une composition pyrotechnique d'allumage et de dispersion 25, chargée en vrac, et qui est constituée par l'association d'un ou plusieurs réducteurs et de un ou plusieurs oxydants.The housing 18 contains a pyrotechnic ignition and dispersion composition 25, loaded in bulk, and which is formed by the combination of one or more reducers and one or more oxidants.

On pourra choisir le ou les réducteurs parmi les matériaux suivants: Zirconium, Aluminium atomisé et de faible granulométrie, Magnésium.We can choose the reducer (s) from the following materials: Zirconium, Atomized aluminum with low particle size, Magnesium.

On pourra choisir le ou les oxydants parmi les matériaux suivants: Perchlorate de Potassium, Nitrate de Baryum, Nitrate de Sodium, Peroxyde de Baryum.The oxidant (s) can be chosen from the following materials: Potassium Perchlorate, Barium Nitrate, Sodium Nitrate, Barium Peroxide.

La formulation aura préférentiellement un bilan en oxygène positif. A titre d'exemple on pourra choisir parmi les formulations suivantes (où les pourcentages sont exprimés en masse):
   Aluminium (30%) / Perchlorate de Potassium (70%),
   Aluminium (25%) / Perchlorate de Potassium (40%) / Nitrate de Baryum (35%),
   Zirconium (50%) / Perchlorate de Potassium (50%),
   Aluminium (30%) / Perchlorate de Potassium (40%) / Nitrate de Sodium (30%),
   Magnesium (25%) / Peroxyde de Baryum (30%) Perchlorate de Potassium (45%).The formulation will preferably have a positive oxygen balance. As an example, one can choose from the following formulations (where the percentages are expressed by mass):
Aluminum (30%) / Potassium Perchlorate (70%),
Aluminum (25%) / Potassium Perchlorate (40%) / Barium Nitrate (35%),
Zirconium (50%) / Potassium Perchlorate (50%),
Aluminum (30%) / Potassium Perchlorate (40%) / Sodium Nitrate (30%),
Magnesium (25%) / Barium Peroxide (30%) Potassium Perchlorate (45%).

Une cavité axiale est prévue à l'intérieur de la composition 25 pour recevoir une extrémité du cordeau d'allumage 24.An axial cavity is provided inside the composition 25 to receive one end of the ignition cord 24.

La composition incendiaire 7 comporte un matériau incendiaire 26 à l'intérieur duquel sont uniformément répartis des grains 27 d'un matériau d'allumage.The incendiary composition 7 comprises an incendiary material 26 inside which grains 27 of an ignition material are uniformly distributed.

Le matériau incendiaire est constitué essentiellement par un ou plusieurs hydrocarbures auxquels sont ajoutés des additifs, tels des agents sensibilisants, des agents d'adhérence, des mélanges d'oxydants et de réducteurs.The incendiary material consists essentially of one or more hydrocarbons to which additives are added, such as sensitizing agents, adhesion agents, mixtures of oxidants and reducing agents.

La composition comprendra de préférence 30 à 78% en masse de matériau incendiaire.The composition will preferably comprise 30 to 78% by mass of incendiary material.

On choisira un hydrocarbure solide de préférence aux composés liquides ou gélifiés. En effet une composition solide ne perturbe pas la trajectoire balistique du projectile qui la contient et sa tenue au vieillissement est meilleure (on évite les problèmes d'évaporation et de diffusion rencontrés avec les compositions liquides ou gélifiées).A solid hydrocarbon will be chosen in preference to liquid or gelled compounds. Indeed a solid composition does not disturb the ballistic trajectory of the projectile which contains it and its resistance to aging is better (we avoid evaporation and diffusion problems encountered with liquid or gelled compositions).

On choisira également un hydrocarbure dont le point de fusion est compris entre 71°C et 200°C pour faciliter son chargement par coulée dans l'enveloppe.We will also choose a hydrocarbon whose melting point is between 71 ° C and 200 ° C to facilitate its loading by pouring into the envelope.

On pourra par exemple choisir le ou les hydrocarbures parmi les composés suivants :

  • les organiques aliphatiques ramifiés (tel le tétra méthylbutane),
  • les organiques cycliques (tel l'héxachlorocyclohexane),
  • les aromatiques (tels le chlorotriphénylméthane, le pentachlorobenzène, le stilbène, le benzaurin, le xanthène),
  • les polyaromatiques (tel le naphtalène, l'anthracène, le phénantrène),
  • les alcools (tel l'aminoéthanol),
  • les aldéhydes,
  • les cétones (tel l'acétophénone substituée).
We can for example choose the hydrocarbon (s) from the following compounds:
  • branched aliphatic organics (such as tetra methylbutane),
  • cyclic organics (such as hexachlorocyclohexane),
  • aromatics (such as chlorotriphenylmethane, pentachlorobenzene, stilbene, benzaurin, xanthene),
  • polyaromatics (such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene),
  • alcohols (such as aminoethanol),
  • aldehydes,
  • ketones (such as substituted acetophenone).

Du point de vue des éléments d'addition, on augmentera la température de réaction au moyen de couples oxydo/ réducteurs.From the point of view of the elements of addition, the reaction temperature will be increased by means of redox / reducing couples.

On pourra par exemple ajouter 10% à 30% en masse d'un mélange oxydo/réducteur dopant ayant de préférence un bilan en oxygène négatif (ou encore d'un réducteur dopant s'associant lors de la réaction à l'oxygène de l'air).We could for example add 10% to 30% by mass of an oxidant / reducing dopant mixture preferably having a negative oxygen balance (or else of a doping reducing agent associating during the reaction with oxygen of the air).

Le réducteur sera choisi parmi les matériaux suivants: Aluminium, Zirconium, Magnésium.The reducer will be chosen from the following materials: Aluminum, Zirconium, Magnesium.

L'oxydant sera choisi parmi les matériaux suivants:
   les Oxydes de Tungstène, de Zinc, de Plomb, de Manganèse ou de fer, le sulfate de Calcium, le Polytétrafluoréthylène.The oxidant will be chosen from the following materials:
Tungsten, Zinc, Lead, Manganese or iron oxides, Calcium sulphate, Polytetrafluoroethylene.

On augmentera la sensibilité et on facilitera donc l'allumage de la composition incendiaire en ajoutant de 5% à 25% en masse d'un sensibilisant choisi parmi les composés suivants:The sensitivity will be increased and the ignition of the incendiary composition will therefore be facilitated by adding from 5% to 25% by mass of a sensitizer chosen from the following compounds:

Perchlorate d'ammonium, Nitrocellulose, Nitroguanidine, Nitrate d'ammonium. Ou encore choisi parmi les oxydants à bas point de fusion (inférieur ou égal à 450°C) comme le Nitrate de Sodium, le Nitrate de Baryum, le Peroxyde de Baryum, le Nitrate de Potassium, le Chlorate de Potassium et le Chlorate de Baryum.Ammonium perchlorate, Nitrocellulose, Nitroguanidine, Ammonium nitrate. Or also chosen from oxidizers with a low melting point (less than or equal to 450 ° C) such as Sodium Nitrate, Barium Nitrate, Barium Peroxide, Potassium Nitrate, Potassium Chlorate and Barium Chlorate .

On pourra augmenter l'adhérence de la composition sur la cible en ajoutant 2% à 10% en masse d'un agent d'adhérence choisi parmi les composés suivants: les chloroprènes, les silicones, les silicones fluorés, les polyisoprènes, les copolymères isobutylène-isoprène et les copolymères butadiène-acrylonitrile.The adhesion of the composition to the target can be increased by adding 2% to 10% by mass of an adhesion agent chosen from the following compounds: chloroprenes, silicones, fluorinated silicones, polyisoprenes, isobutylene copolymers -isoprene and butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers.

Dans le cas d'une mise en oeuvre par compression, on pourra ajouter 5% à 15% en masse d'un liant choisi parmi les composés suivants: Polyfluorure de Vinylidène (PVDF), Polytétrafluoréthylène (PTFE), Polyuréthanes, Viton (Marque déposée pour désigner les copolymères de Chlorofluoroéthylène).In the case of implementation by compression, it is possible to add 5% to 15% by mass of a binder chosen from the following compounds: Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Polyurethanes, Viton (Registered trademark to denote the chlorofluoroethylene copolymers).

On pourra ajouter de 5% à 15% en masse d'un réducteur complémentaire dont le composé oxydé possède un bas point de fusion (inférieur ou égal à 900°C), cela afin de former des scories liquides. Ce réducteur sera par exemple choisi parmi les composés suivants: Phosphore rouge, Antimoine, Bore, Vanadium.We can add 5% to 15% by mass of an additional reducing agent whose oxidized compound has a low melting point (less than or equal to 900 ° C), in order to form liquid slag. This reducing agent will, for example, be chosen from the following compounds: Red phosphorus, Antimony, Boron, Vanadium.

A titre d'exemples on pourra utiliser les compositions incendiaires suivantes (les proportions sont exprimées en pourcentages de la masse totale), chaque exemple précise les proportions préférées:As examples, the following incendiary compositions may be used (the proportions are expressed as percentages of the total mass), each example specifies the preferred proportions:

EXEMPLE M1EXAMPLE M1

   Hydrocarbure:
   Naphtalène 30% à 60% (de préférence 35%),
   Mélange oxydo/réducteur dopant:
   Aluminium (granulométrie 10 micromètres) 12 à 18% (de préférence 15%) et Magnésium 7% à 15% (de préférence 10%), l'oxydant est ici constitué par l'oxygène de l'air et le nitrate de sodium cité parmi les sensibilisants.
   Sensibilisant:
   Perchlorate d'ammonium 5 à 25% (de préférence 15%) et Nitrate de sodium 5 à 12% (de préférence 10%),
   Agent d'adhérence:
   Chloroprène 4 à 8% (de préférence 5%)
   Réducteur complémentaire:
   Phosphore rouge 7 à 15% (de préférence 10%).Hydrocarbon:
Naphthalene 30% to 60% (preferably 35%),
Oxidizing / reducing dopant mixture:
Aluminum (particle size 10 micrometers) 12 to 18% (preferably 15%) and Magnesium 7% to 15% (preferably 10%), the oxidant here consists of the oxygen in the air and the sodium nitrate cited among the sensitizers.
Awareness:
Ammonium perchlorate 5 to 25% (preferably 15%) and Sodium nitrate 5 to 12% (preferably 10%),
Adhesion agent:
Chloroprene 4 to 8% (preferably 5%)
Additional reducer:
Red phosphorus 7 to 15% (preferably 10%).

EXEMPLE M2EXAMPLE M2

   Hydrocarbure:
   Phénantrène 30% à 70% (de préférence 35%),
   Mélange oxydo/réducteur dopant:
   Magnésium 5 à 15% (de préférence 10%), Zirconium 5% à 12% (de préférence 10%), Sulfate de Calcium 5 à 12% (de préférence 10%),
   Sensibilisant:
   Nitrate de Potassium 5 à 10% (de préférence 5%), Nitrocellulose 5 à 20% (de préférence 10%) et Chlorate de Baryum 5 à 10% (de préférence 5%).
   Réducteurs complémentaires:
   Phosphore rouge 5 à 15% (de préférence 10%) et Antimoine 5 à 10% (de préférence 5%).Hydrocarbon:
Phenanthrene 30% to 70% (preferably 35%),
Oxidizing / reducing dopant mixture:
Magnesium 5 to 15% (preferably 10%), Zirconium 5% to 12% (preferably 10%), Calcium sulfate 5 to 12% (preferably 10%),
Awareness:
Potassium nitrate 5 to 10% (preferably 5%), Nitrocellulose 5 to 20% (preferably 10%) and Barium Chlorate 5 to 10% (preferably 5%).
Additional reducers:
Red phosphorus 5 to 15% (preferably 10%) and Antimony 5 to 10% (preferably 5%).

EXEMPLE M3EXAMPLE M3

   Hydrocarbure:
   Anthracène 30% à 70% (de préférence 33%),
   Mélange oxydo/réducteur dopant:
   Aluminium (granulométrie 10 micromètres) 10 à 16% (de préférence 10%), Zirconium 5% à 12% (de préférence 10%) et Oxyde de Fer (Fe3O4) 5 à 8% (de préférence 7%),
   Sensibilisant:
   Nitrate de Baryum 5 à 10% (de préférence 10%) et Nitrate d'ammonium 5 à 25% (de préférence 15%),
   Agent d'adhérence:
   Chloroprène 4 à 8% (de préférence 5%)
   Réducteur complémentaire:
   Phosphore rouge 7 à 15% (de préférence 10%).Hydrocarbon:
Anthracene 30% to 70% (preferably 33%),
Oxidizing / reducing dopant mixture:
Aluminum (particle size 10 micrometers) 10 to 16% (preferably 10%), Zirconium 5% to 12% (preferably 10%) and Iron Oxide (Fe3O4) 5 to 8% (preferably 7%),
Awareness:
Barium nitrate 5 to 10% (preferably 10%) and Ammonium nitrate 5 to 25% (preferably 15%),
Adhesion agent:
Chloroprene 4 to 8% (preferably 5%)
Additional reducer:
Red phosphorus 7 to 15% (preferably 10%).

EXEMPLE M4EXAMPLE M4

   Hydrocarbure:
   Anthracène 30% à 70% (de préférence 30%),
   Mélange oxydo/réducteur dopant:
   Aluminium (granulométrie 10 micromètres) 10 à 15% (de préférence 10%), Magnésium 8% à 12% (de préférence 10%) et Oxyde de Fer (Fe3O4) 5 à 12% (de préférence 8%),
   Sensibilisant:
   Nitrate de Sodium 5 à 15% (de préférence 7%) et Nitrocellulose 5 à 15% (de préférence 10%).
   Réducteur complémentaire:
   Phosphore rouge 5 à 10% (de préférence 5%) et Bore 5 à 10% (de préférence 5%),
   Agent d'adhérence:
   Silicone de 4 à 8% (de préférence 5%).
   Liant:
   PVDF 5 à 12% (de préférence 10%).Hydrocarbon:
Anthracene 30% to 70% (preferably 30%),
Oxidizing / reducing dopant mixture:
Aluminum (particle size 10 micrometers) 10 to 15% (preferably 10%), Magnesium 8% to 12% (preferably 10%) and Iron Oxide (Fe3O4) 5 to 12% (preferably 8%),
Awareness:
Sodium nitrate 5 to 15% (preferably 7%) and Nitrocellulose 5 to 15% (preferably 10%).
Additional reducer:
Red phosphorus 5 to 10% (preferably 5%) and Boron 5 to 10% (preferably 5%),
Adhesion agent:
Silicone from 4 to 8% (preferably 5%).
Binder:
PVDF 5 to 12% (preferably 10%).

Le matériau constituant les grains 27 du matériau d'allumage est choisi d'une part en fonction de sa capacité à initier le matériau incendiaire 26 choisi, et d'autre part en fonction de sa propre sensibilité à la flamme et aux gaz chauds, puisque ce matériau doit être lui même initié par la composition d'allumage 25.The material constituting the grains 27 of the ignition material is chosen on the one hand as a function of its capacity to initiate the incendiary material 26 chosen, and on the other hand as a function of its own sensitivity to flame and hot gases, since this material must itself be initiated by the ignition composition 25.

La vitesse de propagation de la réaction du matériau du grain 27 sera choisie comprise entre 1m/s et 3000m/s, afin d'assurer une initiation rapide de proche en proche des grains 27 avant éclatement de l'enveloppe 2.The speed of propagation of the reaction of the material of the grain 27 will be chosen between 1m / s and 3000m / s, in order to ensure a rapid initiation step by step of the grains 27 before the envelope 2 bursts.

Afin de garantir une homogénéité de la composition incendiaire obtenue et donc d'éviter une décantation des grains avant solidification complète du matériau incendiaire, on choisira des grains dont la densité apparente est proche de celle du matériau incendiaire.In order to guarantee a homogeneity of the incendiary composition obtained and therefore to avoid settling of the grains before complete solidification of the incendiary material, grains whose apparent density is close to that of the incendiary material will be chosen.

On obtient une telle densité en choisissant les matières premières (densité de chaque constituant) de façon convenable.Such density is obtained by choosing the raw materials (density of each constituent) suitably.

Les grains 27 du matériau d'allumage seront calibrés avec une dimension moyenne comprise entre 0,1mm et 10mm et de préférence entre 3 et 6mm. La forme des grains pourra être quelconque mais sera de préférence sphérique ou sphéroïdale.The grains 27 of the ignition material will be calibrated with an average dimension of between 0.1mm and 10mm and preferably between 3 and 6mm. The shape of the grains may be any, but will preferably be spherical or spheroidal.

Le matériau d'allumage qui forme les grains pourra être constitué par un explosif susceptible de prendre un régime déflagrant (Vitesse de propagation de réaction comprise entre 300m/s et 3000m/s) lorsqu'il est soumis à un flux thermique.The ignition material which forms the grains may consist of an explosive capable of taking on an explosive regime (reaction propagation speed between 300m / s and 3000m / s) when it is subjected to a thermal flux.

Le matériau d'allumage pourra également être constitué par une poudre propulsive (simple, double ou multibases), à base de nitrocellulose de nitroguanidine ou de nitro- glycérine.The ignition material may also consist of a propellant powder (single, double or multibase), based on nitrocellulose, nitroguanidine or nitroglycerin.

Le matériau d'allumage pourra enfin être constitué par une composition pyrotechnique dont le mode de fonctionnement est soit une combustion vive, soit une déflagration.The ignition material may finally consist of a pyrotechnic composition, the operating mode of which is either lively combustion or a deflagration.

On pourra par exemple choisir le matériau d'allumage parmi les compositions pyrotechniques constituées d'un ou plusieurs réducteurs choisis parmi les matériaux suivants:
   Aluminium, Magnésium, Zirconium.It is possible, for example, to choose the ignition material from the pyrotechnic compositions consisting of one or more reducers chosen from the following materials:
Aluminum, Magnesium, Zirconium.

Et d'un ou plusieurs oxydants choisis parmi les composés suivants:
   Nitrate de Sodium, Nitrate de Baryum, Nitrate de Potassium, Peroxyde de Baryum, Chlorate de Potassium, Chlorate de Baryum, Téflon (Marque déposée).And one or more oxidants chosen from the following compounds:
Sodium Nitrate, Barium Nitrate, Potassium Nitrate, Barium Peroxide, Potassium Chlorate, Barium Chlorate, Teflon (Registered trademark).

Cette composition oxydo/réductrice sera éventuellement additionnée d'un composé sensibilisant comme la Nitrocellulose ou le Perchlorate d'ammonium, et pourra comprendre un liant tel le PVDF (Polyfluorure de Vinylidène) ou le Viton (Marque déposée).This redox / reducing composition will optionally be supplemented with a sensitizing compound such as nitrocellulose or ammonium perchlorate, and may comprise a binder such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) or Viton (registered trademark).

Ces compositions sont réalisées par un procédé de préparation connu comprenant par exemple les étapes suivantes:

  • dissolution du liant copolymère dans un solvant organique approprié (acétone ou toluène par exemple),
  • introduction du ou des réducteurs puis du ou des oxydants,
  • malaxage jusqu'à homogénéisation,
  • évaporation du solvant (par exemple par dépression en combinaison azéotropique avec un produit adapté).
These compositions are produced by a known preparation process comprising for example the following steps:
  • dissolution of the copolymer binder in an appropriate organic solvent (acetone or toluene for example),
  • introduction of the reducing agent (s) then of the oxidizing agent (s),
  • mixing until homogenized,
  • evaporation of the solvent (for example by vacuum in azeotropic combination with a suitable product).

La composition est ensuite granulée (passage au travers d'un tamis dont le vide de maille est adapté à la granulométrie recherchée).The composition is then granulated (passage through a sieve whose mesh vacuum is adapted to the desired particle size).

Elle est enfin étuvée jusqu'à évaporation complète du solvant.It is finally steamed until complete evaporation of the solvent.

A titre d'exemple on pourra choisir les compositions pyrotechniques d'allumage suivantes (les proportions sont exprimées en pourcentages de la masse totale de la composition considérée) :By way of example, the following pyrotechnic ignition compositions may be chosen (the proportions are expressed as percentages of the total mass of the composition considered):

EXEMPLE A1EXAMPLE A1

   Magnésium (30%),
   Téflon (54%),
   Viton (16%),
   (Téflon et Viton sont des marques déposées)Magnesium (30%),
Teflon (54%),
Viton (16%),
(Teflon and Viton are registered trademarks)

EXEMPLE A2EXAMPLE A2

   Bore (16%),
   Nitrate de Sodium (50%),
   Nitrocellulose (34%).Boron (16%),
Sodium nitrate (50%),
Nitrocellulose (34%).

EXEMPLE A3EXAMPLE A3

   Magnésium (36%),
   Nitrate de Baryum (28%),
   Perchlorate d'ammonium (28%),
   PVDF (8%).Magnesium (36%),
Barium nitrate (28%),
Ammonium perchlorate (28%),
PVDF (8%).

EXEMPLE A4EXAMPLE A4

   Magnésium (36%),
   Oxyde de fer (Fe3O4) (28%),
   Nitrate d'ammonium (28%),
   PVDF (8%).Magnesium (36%),
Iron oxide (Fe3O4) (28%),
Ammonium nitrate (28%),
PVDF (8%).

Le rapport massique entre l'ensemble des grains 27 et le matériau incendiaire 26 sera fonction de la sensibilité de la composition incendiaire et des caractéristiques du matériau constitutif des grains.The mass ratio between all of the grains 27 and the incendiary material 26 will depend on the sensitivity of the incendiary composition and on the characteristics of the material constituting the grains.

On adoptera généralement un mélange de 5 à 25 % en masse de matériau d'allumage et de 95 à 75 % en masse de matériau incendiaire.A mixture of 5 to 25% by mass of ignition material and 95 to 75% by mass of incendiary material will generally be adopted.

Les proportions préférées seront celles d'un mélange de 5 à 15 % en masse de matériau d'allumage et de 95 à 85 % en masse de matériau incendiaire.The preferred proportions will be those of a mixture of 5 to 15% by mass of ignition material and 95 to 85% by mass of incendiary material.

A titre d'exemple on pourra réaliser les compositions suivantes:By way of example, the following compositions can be produced:

EXEMPLE 1EXAMPLE 1

   Composition incendiaire selon exemple M1: de 85 à 95% en masse,
   Composition d'allumage selon exemple A1: de 5 à 15% en masse.Incendiary composition according to example M1: from 85 to 95% by mass,
Ignition composition according to example A1: from 5 to 15% by mass.

EXEMPLE 2EXAMPLE 2

   Composition incendiaire selon exemple M2: de 85 à 95% en masse,
   Composition d'allumage selon exemple A2: de 5 à 15% en masse.Incendiary composition according to example M2: from 85 to 95% by mass,
Ignition composition according to example A2: from 5 to 15% by mass.

EXEMPLE 3EXAMPLE 3

   Composition incendiaire selon exemple M3: de 85 à 95% en masse,
   Composition d'allumage selon exemple A3: de 5 à 15% en masse.Incendiary composition according to example M3: from 85 to 95% by mass,
Ignition composition according to example A3: from 5 to 15% by mass.

EXEMPLE 4EXAMPLE 4

   Composition incendiaire selon exemple M4: de 85 à 90% en masse,
   Composition d'allumage selon exemple A4: de 10 à 15% en masse.Incendiary composition according to example M4: from 85 to 90% by mass,
Ignition composition according to example A4: from 10 to 15% by mass.

Le fonctionnement du projectile incendiaire décrit précédemment est le suivant.The operation of the incendiary projectile described above is as follows.

A un instant donné, la fusée 14 initie le relais 12. Ce dernier allume à son tour le cordeau d'allumage 24 qui a pour fonction d'initier rapidement la composition d'allumage et de dispersion 25 (avec un retard inférieur à 2ms) sans perturber le chargement incendiaire 7.At a given instant, the rocket 14 initiates the relay 12. The latter in turn ignites the ignition cord 24 which has the function of rapidly initiating the ignition and dispersion composition 25 (with a delay of less than 2 ms) without disturbing the incendiary charge 7.

La composition d'allumage 25 engendre des gaz chauds et des flammes qui sortent du boîtier 18 par les évents 23.The ignition composition 25 generates hot gases and flames which exit from the housing 18 through the vents 23.

La composition d'allumage 25 est dimensionnée de façon à ne pas pouvoir rompre le confinement réalisé par l'enveloppe 2 et les couvercles avant et arrière 8 et 9.The ignition composition 25 is dimensioned so as not to be able to break the confinement produced by the casing 2 and the front and rear covers 8 and 9.

L'augmentation de pression provoquée par l'initiation de la composition 25 entraîne donc la fissuration de la charge incendiaire 7 et l'initiation des grains d'allumage 27 situés les plus proches du boîtier 18.The increase in pressure caused by the initiation of the composition 25 therefore causes the incendiary charge 7 to crack and the initiation of the ignition grains 27 located closest to the housing 18.

Ces grains d'allumage initient à leur tour d'autres grains autour d'eux. La pression augmente à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe ainsi que la fragmentation de proche en proche de l'ensemble du chargement incendiaire 7.These ignition grains in turn initiate other grains around them. The pressure increases inside the envelope as well as the gradual fragmentation of the entire incendiary charge 7.

A un certain niveau de pression, l'enveloppe 2 qui a assuré le confinement du début de la réaction, se rompt et la charge incendiaire est dispersée à l'extérieur sous forme de fragments. Chaque fragment comporte une partie de matériau incendiaire 26 portant un ou plusieurs grains d'allumage 27 qui sont initiés et qui assurent à leur tour l'allumage du matériau incendiaire 26.At a certain level of pressure, the envelope 2 which ensured the confinement of the start of the reaction, ruptured and the incendiary charge was dispersed outside in the form of fragments. Each fragment comprises a portion of incendiary material 26 carrying one or more ignition grains 27 which are initiated and which in turn ensure the ignition of the incendiary material 26.

On voit ainsi un certain nombre d'avantages apportés par la composition selon l'invention:We thus see a certain number of advantages brought by the composition according to the invention:

La répartition des grains d'allumage au sein de la composition incendiaire permet ainsi de résoudre le problème de la dispersion de la composition sous forme de fragments enflammés grâce à la chronologie de fonctionnement de la charge. En effet, c'est l'initiation de proche en proche des grains d'allumage qui assure la fragmentation du chargement incendiaire puis l'éclatement de l'enveloppe.The distribution of the ignition grains within the incendiary composition thus makes it possible to solve the problem of the dispersion of the composition in the form of ignited fragments thanks to the chronology of operation of the charge. Indeed, it is the initiation step by step of the ignition grains which ensures the fragmentation of the incendiary charge then the bursting of the envelope.

Chaque fragment de composition qui est dispersé emporte ainsi sa propre source d'initiation sous la forme d'un ou plusieurs grains de matériau d'allumage enflammés disposés à la surface du matériau incendiaire. On assure ainsi un allumage du matériau incendiaire après la dispersion des fragments.Each fragment of composition which is dispersed thus carries its own source of initiation in the form of one or more grains of ignited ignition material placed on the surface of the incendiary material. This ensures ignition of the incendiary material after the fragments have dispersed.

On notera également que la composition incendiaire proposée par l'invention est peu sensible aux sollicitations extérieures (chocs, vibrations), puisque la partie la plus sensible (les grains de matériau d'allumage) est noyée au sein d'un matériau peu sensible (le matériau incendiaire).It will also be noted that the incendiary composition proposed by the invention is not very sensitive to external stresses (shocks, vibrations), since the most sensitive part (the grains of ignition material) is embedded in an insensitive material ( incendiary material).

On a noté précédemment que le boîtier 18 est porté par le couvercle avant 9 et qu'il s'étend dans le chargement 7 sur une longueur L1 inférieure à 50% de la longueur totale L2 du chargement 7. Une telle disposition a pour effet de faire progresser la réaction d'initiation de la charge suivant une direction qui est à la fois radiale autour du boîtier 18, et axiale de la partie avant 4 vers la partie arrière 3 du projectile.It was previously noted that the box 18 is carried by the front cover 9 and that it extends in the load 7 over a length L1 of less than 50% of the total length L2 of the load 7. Such an arrangement has the effect of advancing the charge initiation reaction in a direction which is both radial around the housing 18, and axial from the front part 4 towards the rear part 3 of the projectile.

On communique ainsi aux fragments de la composition incendiaire une vitesse qui est opposée à celle du projectile. Cette disposition donne une meilleure répartition spatiale des fragments incendiaires dans le cas d'un projectile rapide.We communicate to the fragments of the incendiary composition a speed which is opposite to that of the projectile. This arrangement gives a better spatial distribution of the incendiary fragments in the case of a rapid projectile.

Différentes variantes sont possibles sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Different variants are possible without departing from the scope of the invention.

Il est possible d'adopter différents matériaux pour réaliser l'enveloppe 2 et les couvercles 8 et 9. L'enveloppe pourra par exemple être réalisée en matière plastique ou composite, par exemple en enroulé filamentaire.It is possible to adopt different materials to make the envelope 2 and the covers 8 and 9. The envelope may for example be made of plastic or composite material, for example in filament wound.

L'enveloppe 2 pourra être dotée d'amorces de ruptures de formes particulières afin de donner une répartition particulière pour les fragments de la composition incendiaire.Envelope 2 may be provided with break-off primers of particular shapes in order to give a particular distribution for the fragments of the incendiary composition.

On pourra par exemple disposer des amorces de ruptures régulièrement réparties angulairement et s'étendant suivant une direction longitudinale de l'enveloppe.It is possible, for example, to have break initiators regularly distributed angularly and extending in a longitudinal direction of the envelope.

La figure 2 donne l'exemple d'une variante dans laquelle le couvercle avant 9 a une forme conique convergente vers la partie arrière 3 du projectile.FIG. 2 gives the example of a variant in which the front cover 9 has a conical shape converging towards the rear part 3 of the projectile.

Une telle disposition favorise également une dispersion radiale des fragments de la composition incendiaire 7.Such an arrangement also favors a radial dispersion of the fragments of the incendiary composition 7.

Cette forme est en particulier bien adaptée à une dispersion radiale lors de l'impact du projectile sur une cible.This shape is in particular well suited to radial dispersion during the impact of the projectile on a target.

On adopte alors une ogive balistique 5 réalisée en matériau léger tel une matière plastique mince. Lors de l'impact sur une cible, l'ogive est fragmentée et le couvercle avant 9 vient en contact avec la cible. Le choc provoque une déformation du couvercle avant.A ballistic warhead 5 made of light material such as a thin plastic material is then adopted. Upon impact on a target, the warhead is fragmented and the front cover 9 comes into contact with the target. The shock causes deformation of the front cover.

Le cône du couvercle s'ouvre et cette déformation a pour effet de repousser le chargement incendiaire vers l'arrière et de favoriser sa dispersion radiale.The cone of the lid opens and this deformation has the effect of pushing back the load incendiary towards the rear and favor its radial dispersion.

La figure 3 résume les différentes phases d'un procédé de fabrication particulier d'un projectile selon l'invention.Figure 3 summarizes the different phases of a particular method of manufacturing a projectile according to the invention.

On réalise d'une part les grains 27 par un procédé de granulation connu:

  • on dissous à température ambiante un liant dans un solvant adapté (acétone, toluène),
  • on mélange oxydants et réducteurs avec le liant
  • on fait évaporer le solvant (température de 30 à 60°C),
  • on granule la composition,
  • on étuve la composition pour évacuer les traces de solvant.
On the one hand, the grains 27 are produced by a known granulation process:
  • a binder is dissolved at room temperature in a suitable solvent (acetone, toluene),
  • oxidizers and reducers are mixed with the binder
  • the solvent is evaporated (temperature from 30 to 60 ° C),
  • the composition is granulated,
  • the composition is oven dried to remove traces of solvent.

On réalise d'autre part le mélange et la fusion du matériau incendiaire 26 dans une enceinte thermostatée E1.On the other hand, the incendiary material 26 is mixed and melted in a thermostatically controlled enclosure E1.

Au cours d'une troisième étape, une deuxième enceinte thermostatée E2 reçoit par un orifice d'alimentation O1 tout le matériau incendiaire provenant de E1. Elle reçoit également par un orifice d'alimentation O2 les grains d'allumage provenant d'un système de distribution S.During a third step, a second thermostatically controlled enclosure E2 receives, via a supply orifice O1, all of the incendiary material originating from E1. It also receives through an O2 supply orifice the ignition grains coming from a distribution system S.

Le système de distribution S fournit la masse de grains 27 qui est nécessaire pour la masse d'incendiaire fournie par E1.The distribution system S supplies the mass of grains 27 which is necessary for the incendiary mass supplied by E1.

Un agitateur A réalise l'homogénéisation du mélange des grains 27 et du matériau incendiaire 26.A stirrer A homogenizes the mixture of the grains 27 and the incendiary material 26.

On positionne ensuite en dessous de l'enceinte E2 une enveloppe 2 de projectile, équipée du couvercle arrière 8, du tube 16 et du boîtier 18 (tube et boîtier sont vides et n'ont pas encore reçu le cordeau et la composition d'allumage).Then positioned below the enclosure E2, a projectile casing 2, equipped with the rear cover 8, the tube 16 and the housing 18 (tube and housing are empty and have not yet received the ignition cord and composition ).

Au moyen de la vanne V, on coule dans cette enveloppe la quantité de composition incendiaire nécessaire (phase P1).By means of valve V, the quantity of incendiary composition required is poured into this envelope (phase P1).

On laisse refroidir et solidifier la composition, puis on place une couche 28 de résine pour combler les jeux après refroidissement (phase P2).The composition is allowed to cool and solidify, then a layer 28 of resin is placed to fill the gaps after cooling (phase P2).

On ferme la charge en plaçant le couvercle avant 9.The load is closed by placing the front cover 9.

On place les éléments de la chaîne pyrotechnique d'allumage: relais 12, cordeau 24, composition d'allumage 25. On fixe le bouchon 21.The elements of the ignition pyrotechnic chain are placed: relay 12, cord 24, ignition composition 25. The plug 21 is fixed.

L'enveloppe contenant la charge est prête alors à recevoir d'autres éléments de façon à constituer le projectile incendiaire 1 (fusée, ogive, empennage, propulseur...).The envelope containing the charge is then ready to receive other elements so as to constitute the incendiary projectile 1 (rocket, warhead, empennage, propellant ...).

Il est possible de réaliser le chargement incendiaire du projectile selon l'invention par d'autres procédés de fabrication.It is possible to carry out the incendiary loading of the projectile according to the invention by other manufacturing methods.

On pourra par exemple réaliser le chargement par extrusion.We can for example achieve loading by extrusion.

On pourra également en adoptant une composition incendiaire comprenant un liant, réaliser le chargement par compression à froid ou à chaud.It will also be possible, by adopting an incendiary composition comprising a binder, to carry out the loading by cold or hot compression.

Claims (24)

1-Composition incendiaire caractérisée en ce qu'elle est constituée par le mélange d'un matériau incendiaire (26) et d'un matériau d'allumage de ce dernier, le matériau d'allumage étant sous forme de grains (27) uniformément répartis dans le matériau incendiaire (26), le matériau d'allumage étant constitué par un explosif ou une poudre propulsive ou une composition pyrotechnique choisie parmi les compositions suivantes:
   Magnésium/Téflon/Viton,
   Bore/Nitrate de Sodium/Nitrocellulose,
   Magnésium/Nitrate de Baryum/Perchlorate d'ammonium/PVDF,
   Magnésium/Oxyde de fer (Fe3O4)/Nitrate d'ammonium/PVDF. 1- Incendiary composition characterized in that it consists of the mixture of an incendiary material (26) and an ignition material of the latter, the ignition material being in the form of grains (27) uniformly distributed in the incendiary material (26), the ignition material consisting of an explosive or a propellant powder or a pyrotechnic composition chosen from the following compositions:
Magnesium / Teflon / Viton,
Boron / Sodium Nitrate / Nitrocellulose,
Magnesium / Barium Nitrate / Ammonium Perchlorate / PVDF,
Magnesium / Iron oxide (Fe3O4) / Ammonium nitrate / PVDF. 2-Composition selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est constituée par un mélange de 5 à 25% en masse de matériau d'allumage et de 95 à 75% en masse de matériau incendiaire et de préférence par un mélange de 5 à 15% en masse de matériau d'allumage et de 95 à 85% en masse de matériau incendiaire. 2- Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it is constituted by a mixture of 5 to 25% by mass of ignition material and from 95 to 75% by mass of incendiary material and preferably by a mixture of 5 15% by mass of ignition material and 95 to 85% by mass of incendiary material. 3-Composition selon une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la dimension moyenne des grains (27) de matériau d'allumage est comprise entre 0,1 et 10 mm et préférentiellement comprise entre 3 et 6mm. 3- Composition according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the average size of the grains (27) of ignition material is between 0.1 and 10 mm and preferably between 3 and 6mm. 4-Composition selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la densité apparente des grains est sensiblement égale à celle du matériau incendiaire seul. 4- Composition according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the apparent density of the grains is substantially equal to that of the incendiary material alone. 5-Composition selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le matériau incendiaire est constitué essentiellement par un ou plusieurs hydrocarbures. 5- Composition according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the incendiary material consists essentially of one or more hydrocarbons. 6-Composition selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le matériau incendiaire comporte un mélange de : - 30 à 78% en masse d'hydrocarbures, - 10 à 30 % en masse d'un réducteur ou couple oxydo/réducteur dopant à l'état finement divisé, - 5 à 25 % en masse d'un sensibilisant, - 5 à 15% en masse d'un réducteur complémentaire formant des oxydes à bas point de fusion, - 0 à 10% en masse d'un agent d'adhérence, - 0 à 15% en masse d'un liant. 6- Composition according to claim 5, characterized in that the incendiary material comprises a mixture of: - 30 to 78% by mass of hydrocarbons, - 10 to 30% by mass of a reducing agent or an oxide / reducing couple doping in the finely divided state, - 5 to 25% by mass of a sensitizer, - 5 to 15% by mass of an additional reducing agent forming oxides with a low melting point, - 0 to 10% by mass of an adhesion agent, - 0 to 15% by mass of a binder. 7-Composition selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que le matériau incendiaire comporte : - comme Hydrocarbure: de 30% à 60% de Naphtalène, - comme mélange réducteur dopant: de 12 à 18% d'Aluminium et de 7% à 15% de Magnésium, - comme sensibilisant: de 5 à 25% de Perchlorate d'ammonium et de 5 à 12% de Nitrate de sodium. - comme agent d'adhérence: de 4 à 8% de Chloroprène, - comme réducteur complémentaire: de 7 à 15% de Phosphore rouge. 7- Composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the incendiary material comprises: - as Hydrocarbon: from 30% to 60% of Naphthalene, - as a doping reducing mixture: from 12 to 18% of Aluminum and from 7% to 15% of Magnesium, - as a sensitizer: from 5 to 25% of ammonium perchlorate and from 5 to 12% of sodium nitrate. - as adhesion agent: from 4 to 8% of Chloroprene, - as an additional reducing agent: from 7 to 15% of red phosphorus. 8-Composition selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que le matériau incendiaire comporte : - 35% de Naphtalène, - 15% d'Aluminium et 10% de Magnésium, - 15% de Perchlorate d'ammonium et 10% de Nitrate de sodium, - 5% de Chloroprène, - 10% de Phosphore rouge. 8- Composition according to claim 7, characterized in that the incendiary material comprises: - 35% Naphthalene, - 15% Aluminum and 10% Magnesium, - 15% of ammonium perchlorate and 10% of sodium nitrate, - 5% Chloroprene, - 10% of red phosphorus. 9-Composition selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte :
   85 à 95% en masse de matériau incendiaire,
   5 à 15% en masse d'une composition d'allumage comprenant 30% en masse de Magnésium, 54% en masse de Téflon et 16% en masse de Viton. 9- Composition according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises:
85 to 95% by mass of incendiary material,
5 to 15% by mass of an ignition composition comprising 30% by mass of Magnesium, 54% by mass of Teflon and 16% by mass of Viton. 10-Composition selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que le matériau incendiaire comporte : - comme Hydrocarbure: de 30% à 70% de Phénantrène, - comme mélange oxydo/réducteur dopant: de 5% à 15% de Magnésium, de 5 à 12% de Zirconium et de 5 à 12% de Sulfate de Calcium, - comme sensibilisant: de 5 à 10% de Nitrate de Potassium, de 5 à 20% de Nitrocellulose et de 5 à 10% de Chlorate de Baryum. - comme réducteur complémentaire: de 5 à 15% de Phosphore rouge et de 5 à 10% d'Antimoine. 10- Composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the incendiary material comprises: - as Hydrocarbon: from 30% to 70% of Phenanthrene, - as a doping redox / reducing mixture: from 5% to 15% of Magnesium, from 5 to 12% of Zirconium and from 5 to 12% of Calcium Sulfate, - as a sensitizer: 5 to 10% of Potassium Nitrate, 5 to 20% of Nitrocellulose and 5 to 10% of Barium Chlorate. - as an additional reducing agent: from 5 to 15% of red phosphorus and from 5 to 10% of antimony. 11-Composition selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que le matériau incendiaire comporte : - 35% de Phénantrène , - 10% de Magnésium, 10% de Zirconium et 10% de Sulfate de Calcium, - 5% de Nitrate de Potassium, 10% de Nitrocellulose et 5% de Chlorate de Baryum. - 10% de Phosphore rouge et 5% d'Antimoine. 11- Composition according to claim 10, characterized in that the incendiary material comprises: - 35% of Phenanthrene, - 10% Magnesium, 10% Zirconium and 10% Calcium Sulfate, - 5% Potassium Nitrate, 10% Nitrocellulose and 5% Barium Chlorate. - 10% Red Phosphorus and 5% Antimony. 12-Composition selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte :
   85 à 95% en masse de matériau incendiaire,
   5 à 15% en masse d'une composition d'allumage comprenant 16% en masse de Bore, 50% en masse de Nitrate de Sodium et 34% en masse de Nitrocellulose. 12- Composition according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises:
85 to 95% by mass of incendiary material,
5 to 15% by mass of an ignition composition comprising 16% by mass of boron, 50% by mass of sodium nitrate and 34% by mass of nitrocellulose. 13-Composition selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que le matériau incendiaire comporte : - comme Hydrocarbure: de 30% à 70% d'Anthracène, - comme mélange oxydo/réducteur dopant: de 10% à 16% d'Aluminium, de 5 à 12% de Zirconium et de 5 à 8% d'oxyde de fer (Fe3O4), - comme sensibilisant: de 5 à 10% de Nitrate de Baryum et de 5 à 25% de nitrate d'ammonium, - comme réducteur complémentaire: de 7 à 15% de Phosphore rouge, - comme agent d'adhérence: de 4 à 8% de Chloroprène. 13- Composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the incendiary material comprises: - as Hydrocarbon: from 30% to 70% of Anthracene, - as an oxidant / reducing dopant mixture: from 10% to 16% of Aluminum, from 5 to 12% of Zirconium and from 5 to 8% of iron oxide (Fe3O4), - as a sensitizer: from 5 to 10% of Barium Nitrate and from 5 to 25% of ammonium nitrate, - as an additional reducing agent: from 7 to 15% of red phosphorus, - as adhesion agent: from 4 to 8% of Chloroprene. 14-Composition selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que le matériau incendiaire comporte : - 33% d'Anthracène, - 10% d'Aluminium, 10% de Zirconium et 7% d'oxyde de fer (Fe3O4), - 10% de Nitrate de Baryum et 15% de nitrate d'ammonium, - 10% de Phosphore rouge, - 5% de Chloroprène. 14- Composition according to claim 13, characterized in that the incendiary material comprises: - 33% Anthracene, - 10% Aluminum, 10% Zirconium and 7% iron oxide (Fe3O4), - 10% of Barium Nitrate and 15% of ammonium nitrate, - 10% of red phosphorus, - 5% Chloroprene. 15-Composition selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte :
   85 à 95% en masse de matériau incendiaire,
   5 à 15% en masse d'une composition d'allumage comprenant 36% en masse de Magnésium, 28% en masse de Nitrate de Baryum, 28% en masse de Perchlorate d'ammonium et 8% en masse de PVDF. 15- Composition according to claim 14, characterized in that it comprises:
85 to 95% by mass of incendiary material,
5 to 15% by mass of an ignition composition comprising 36% by mass of magnesium, 28% by mass of barium nitrate, 28% by mass of ammonium perchlorate and 8% by mass of PVDF. 16-Composition selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que le matériau incendiaire comporte : - comme Hydrocarbure: de 30% à 70% d'Anthracène, - comme mélange oxydo/réducteur dopant: de 10% à 15% d'Aluminium, de 8 à 12% de Magnésium et de 5 à 12% d'oxyde de fer (Fe3O4), - comme sensibilisant: de 5 à 15% de Nitrate de sodium et de 5 à 15% de Nitrocellulose, - comme réducteur complémentaire: de 5 à 10% de Phosphore rouge et 5 à 10% de Bore, - comme liant : de 5 à 12% de PVDF, - comme agent d'adhérence de 4 à 8% de Silicone. 16- Composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the incendiary material comprises: - as Hydrocarbon: from 30% to 70% of Anthracene, - as a doping redox / reducing mixture: from 10% to 15% of Aluminum, from 8 to 12% of Magnesium and from 5 to 12% of iron oxide (Fe3O4), - as a sensitizer: from 5 to 15% of sodium nitrate and from 5 to 15% of nitrocellulose, - as an additional reducing agent: from 5 to 10% of red phosphorus and 5 to 10% of boron, - as a binder: from 5 to 12% of PVDF, - as a bonding agent of 4 to 8% of Silicone. 17-Composition selon la revendication 16, caractérisée en ce que le matériau incendiaire comporte : - 30% d'Anthracène, - 10% d'Aluminium, 10% de Magnésium et 8% d'oxyde de fer (Fe3O4), - 7% de Nitrate de sodium et 10% de Nitrocellulose, - 5% de Phosphore rouge et 5% de Bore, - 10% de PVDF, - 5% de Silicone. 17- Composition according to claim 16, characterized in that the incendiary material comprises: - 30% Anthracene, - 10% Aluminum, 10% Magnesium and 8% iron oxide (Fe3O4), - 7% of sodium nitrate and 10% of nitrocellulose, - 5% red phosphorus and 5% boron, - 10% PVDF, - 5% Silicone. 18-Composition selon la revendication 17, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte :
   85 à 90% en masse de matériau incendiaire,
   10 à 15% en masse d'une composition d'allumage comprenant 36% en masse de Magnésium, 28% en masse d'Oxyde de fer, 28% en masse de Nitrate d'ammonium et 8% en masse de PVDF. 18- Composition according to claim 17, characterized in that it comprises:
85 to 90% by mass of incendiary material,
10 to 15% by mass of an ignition composition comprising 36% by mass of magnesium, 28% by mass of iron oxide, 28% by mass of ammonium nitrate and 8% by mass of PVDF. 19-Projectile du type incendiaire et comportant une composition selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisé en ce que la composition est mise en place dans une enveloppe de confinement (2) et en ce qu'il comporte des moyens
   pyrotechniques assurant une fissuration du chargement incendiaire et une initiation d'une partie des grains (27) du matériau d'allumage. 19- Incendiary type projectile and comprising a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the composition is placed in a confinement envelope (2) and in that it comprises means
pyrotechnics ensuring cracking of the incendiary charge and initiation of part of the grains (27) of the ignition material. 20-Projectile selon la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que les moyens pyrotechniques sont dimensionnés de telle sorte qu'il ne puissent rompre l'enveloppe de confinement (2). 20- Projectile according to claim 19, characterized in that the pyrotechnic means are dimensioned so that it cannot break the confinement envelope (2). 21-Projectile selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que les moyens pyrotechniques comprennent une composition d'allumage (25) disposée suivant un axe du projectile et qui s'étend depuis une partie avant de l'enveloppe sur au moins une partie de la longueur totale du chargement. 21- Projectile according to claim 20, characterized in that the pyrotechnic means comprise an ignition composition (25) disposed along an axis of the projectile and which extends from a front part of the envelope over at least part of the total length of the load. 22-Projectile selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que la composition d'allumage (25) s'étend sur une longueur comprise entre 20 et 50% de la longueur totale du chargement. 22- Projectile according to claim 21, characterized in that the ignition composition (25) extends over a length between 20 and 50% of the total length of the load. 23-Projectile selon la revendication 22, caractérisé en ce que la composition d'allumage (25) est initiée au moyen d'un cordeau de transmission (24) lui même allumé par un initiateur porté par une partie arrière de l'enveloppe. 23- Projectile according to claim 22, characterized in that the ignition composition (25) is initiated by means of a transmission cord (24) itself ignited by an initiator carried by a rear part of the envelope. 24-Projectile selon une des revendications 19 à 23, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe comporte un couvercle de fermeture (9) de sa partie avant présentant un profil concave orienté vers l'avant du projectile. 24- Projectile according to one of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that the envelope comprises a closure cover (9) of its front part having a concave profile oriented towards the front of the projectile.
EP19940402872 1993-12-17 1994-12-13 Incendiary composition and incendiary projectile dispersing such a composition Expired - Lifetime EP0663376B1 (en)

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FR9315204 1993-12-17
FR9315204A FR2714050B1 (en) 1993-12-17 1993-12-17 Incendiary composition and incendiary projectile dispersing such a composition.

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997023434A1 (en) * 1995-12-23 1997-07-03 Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik Priming-explosive-free igniting mixture
EP1387818A2 (en) * 2001-04-12 2004-02-11 DMD Systems, LLC Low-smoke nitroguanidine and nitrocellulose based pyrotechnic composition

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997023434A1 (en) * 1995-12-23 1997-07-03 Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik Priming-explosive-free igniting mixture
EP1387818A2 (en) * 2001-04-12 2004-02-11 DMD Systems, LLC Low-smoke nitroguanidine and nitrocellulose based pyrotechnic composition
EP1387818A4 (en) * 2001-04-12 2007-12-26 Dmd Systems Llc Low-smoke nitroguanidine and nitrocellulose based pyrotechnic composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2714050B1 (en) 1996-02-09
EP0663376B1 (en) 1999-03-10
FR2714050A1 (en) 1995-06-23
DE69416998D1 (en) 1999-04-15
DE69416998T2 (en) 1999-07-08

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