EP0660095A2 - Method and apparatus for measuring the axial load on a valve stem - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for measuring the axial load on a valve stem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0660095A2
EP0660095A2 EP19940650037 EP94650037A EP0660095A2 EP 0660095 A2 EP0660095 A2 EP 0660095A2 EP 19940650037 EP19940650037 EP 19940650037 EP 94650037 A EP94650037 A EP 94650037A EP 0660095 A2 EP0660095 A2 EP 0660095A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
valve stem
axial load
thrust
marriage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19940650037
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0660095A3 (en
EP0660095B1 (en
Inventor
Paul Gene Anderson
Christopher Paul Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Crane Nuclear Inc
Original Assignee
Crane Co
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Crane Co, Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Crane Co
Publication of EP0660095A2 publication Critical patent/EP0660095A2/en
Publication of EP0660095A3 publication Critical patent/EP0660095A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0660095B1 publication Critical patent/EP0660095B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0061—Force sensors associated with industrial machines or actuators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • G01M99/007—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass by applying a load, e.g. for resistance or wear testing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8158—With indicator, register, recorder, alarm or inspection means
    • Y10T137/8175—Plural

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring and monitoring the axial load on a valve stem used to open and close a valve. This invention is especially useful in the field of valve diagnostics.
  • valves are actuated remotely by electric motors or compressed air to open, closed or intermediate positions to improve or maintain power plant output and to maintain proper cooling of the nuclear reactor. Continuous and proper operation of the valves is essential for reliable operation of the power plant and the safety of the general public.
  • the power and process industries and the valve manufacturing industry have had a need to develop apparatus and systems to continuously measure, test and monitor various operating parameters associated with valves, especially remotely located valves, and to alert the plant operator of any significant changes in any of the operating parameters being measured, tested and monitored.
  • valve operating motive power such as an electric motor or compressed air
  • axial position of the valve stem which is also indicative of the position of the valve.
  • valve stem axial load or thrust in addition to being primarily adapted for motor operated, rather than air operated valves, usually measure the valve stem axial load or thrust indirectly and therefore must be carefully calibrated for each installation and then regularly recalibrated during service to determine how the measurements relate to the actual valve stem axial load or thrust.
  • FIGURE 1 is a front elevational view, partly in section, of a typical commercially available air operated valve assembly according to the prior art.
  • FIGURE 2 is a front elevational view, partly in section, of a typical commercially available air operated valve assembly equipped with an apparatus for measuring and monitoring the axial load or thrust on the valve stem and the axial position of the valve stem, and a valve diagnostic and control system, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 3 is an isometric "exploded" view of a typical prior art marriage block used to connect the bottom end of the valve actuator drive shaft to the top end of the valve stem that opens and closes the valve.
  • FIGURE 4 is a sectional view of the typical prior art marriage block, illustrated in FIGURE 3.
  • FIGURE 5 is an isometric view of the marriage block, of a preferred embodiment of this invention, used to connect the bottom end of the valve actuator drive shaft to the top end of the valve stem that opens and closes the valve.
  • FIGURE 6 is a sectional view of the marriage block, of the preferred embodiment of this invention, illustrated in FIGURE 5.
  • FIGURE 7 is a side elevational view of the marriage block, of the preferred embodiment of this invention illustrated in FIGURE 5.
  • FIGURE 1 is a front elevational view, partly in section, of a typical commercially available air operated valve assembly 1.
  • this valve assembly 1 is comprised generally of an upper pressed steel diaphragm case 2 which contains a rubber diaphragm 3 attached to a valve actuator drive shaft 4 which is moved axially downwardly by compressed air acting on the top of the rubber diaphragm 3 or axially upwardly by a spring 5 which surrounds the valve actuator drive shaft 4 within a spring housing 6 and bears against the underside the rubber diaphragm 3.
  • a valve yoke 7 supports the spring housing 6 and the diaphragm case 2 on the valve body 8 that contains the valve.
  • valve actuator drive shaft 4 is threaded and threads into the top of a steel "marriage block” connecting member 9 and secured with a locknut 10.
  • the top of the valve stem 11 that is connected to and operates the valve in the valve body 8, is also threaded and threads into the bottom of the marriage block 9 and is secured with a locknut 12.
  • the valve actuator drive shaft 4 is preferably tubular with an inside diameter larger than the outside diameter of the solid valve stem 11, which allows for the top of the valve stem 11 to fit within the tubular valve actuator shaft 4 if necessary.
  • the main purpose of the prior art marriage block connecting member 9 is to permit a simple means to adjust and match the axial stroke length of the valve actuator drive shaft 4 to the stroke length of the valve stem 11 needed to fully open and close the valve.
  • a typical prior art marriage block 9 is made of two machined steel mating halves bolted together, as shown in FIGURES 3 and 4, which allow for easy installation and replacement of the marriage block 9 in a valve assembly 1, as required.
  • valve assemblies 1 are often equipped with a vernier sight gage 13 attached to the yoke 7 and indexed to the top or bottom edge of the marriage block 9 to permit an on-site visual measurement of the axial position of the valve stem 11, but such a vernier sight gage 13 does not allow for the monitoring of the axial position of the valve stem 11 from a location remote from the valve assembly 1.
  • FIGURE 2 is a front elevational view, partly in section, of a typical commercially available air operated valve assembly 1 equipped with the apparatus for measuring and monitoring the axial load or thrust on the valve stem 11 and axial position of the valve stem 11, according to a preferred embodiment of this invention.
  • the apparatus of this embodiment is also illustrated in FIGURES 5-7, which illustrate a marriage block 14 to replace the conventional prior art marriage block 9, illustrated in FIGURES 1, 3 and 4, and described above.
  • the marriage block connecting member 14 of this embodiment is comprised of a pair of machined steel mating halves 15 joined together with bolts 16 to resemble a cube provided with a threaded top opening and recess 17 in the top portion 21 to receive the bottom threaded end of the tubular valve actuator drive shaft 4 and a threaded bottom opening and recess 18 in the bottom portion 22 to receive the top threaded end of the valve stem 11.
  • two opposed sides of the cubical marriage block 14 have central openings 24 and the other two sides are each provided with a pair of slots 19 which form a pair of opposed horizontal beam members 20 connecting the top portion 21 and the bottom portion 22 of the marriage block connecting member 14.
  • the two opposed horizontal beam members 20 in the two opposed sides of the marriage block connecting member 14 of this embodiment are each provided with several electrical resistance strain gages 23 bonded to the top and bottom surfaces of the horizontal beam members 20 and electrically connected together in a wheatstone bridge configuration that will continuously and directly measure the strains in the horizontal beam members 20 connecting the top portion 21 and bottom portion 22 of the marriage block 14.
  • This allows the marriage block 14 to act essentially as a load cell connecting the bottom of the valve actuator drive shaft 4 and the top of the valve stem 11 to permit direct and continuous measurement, monitoring, calculation and display of the axial load or thrust imposed on the valve stem 11 at all times with a great deal of accuracy.
  • electrical resistance constantan foil strain gages 23 with a gage factor of two, manufactured by MicroMeasurements Group gave good reliable results.
  • the marriage block 14 of this embodiment is also provided with an arm 25 preferably attached to the side of the marriage block 14, as shown in FIGURE 5, or alternatively to an exposed portion of the valve stem 11 through an opening 24 in the side of the marriage block 14.
  • the arm 25 supports a magnetic ring or "donut" 26 that forms the movable part of a magnetostrictive position gage, of the type manufactured and sold by Rosemount Corporation.
  • the magnetic ring or donut 26 surrounds a fixed elongated rod-like magnetic sensor 27 mounted to the spring housing 6 or the yoke 7 of the valve assembly 1.
  • any upward or downward axial movement of the valve stem 11 will cause an equivalent upward or downward movement of the arm 25 and the magnetic ring or donut 26, which movement will be instantly measured and monitored by the elongated rod-like magnetic sensor 27 as an electrical signal, thereby providing a means for the continuous and direct measurement of the axial position of the valve stem 11 at all times to a remote location.
  • a magnetostrictive gage of the type described above was used to measure the axial position of the valve stem 11
  • other types of position gages capable of producing an electrical signal indicating the axial position of the valve stem such as string potentiometer, string encoders, LVDTs or glass slide encoders could be used if desired.
  • the magnetostrictive type of gage, described above is preferred due to its accuracy, permanent sensitivity and durability under most operating conditions that practically eliminate the need for any recalibration of this type of gage, while in service.
  • the marriage block 14 of this embodiment may be installed temporarily on a valve assembly 1 for diagnostic testing of the valve assembly 1 using a conventional data collection and display means or it may be permanently installed on a valve assembly 1 to facilitate either the regular diagnostic testing of the valve assembly 1 from a remote location or used to provide valve operating parameters for a valve control system.
  • a valve control system for air operated valves it may be necessary to also measure and monitor the air pressure used to operate the valve diaphragm 3 and the valve actuator drive shaft 4, by placing a pressure transducer 28 having an electrical signal output, in the compressed air line 29 leading to the valve actuator.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates a schematic block diagram to illustrate one such control system that utilizes a computerized data collection and controller 30, such as a Model 3000 series controller unit manufactured by ITI Movats, Inc. and electrical signals received continuously to indicate the air pressure, the axial valve stem load or thrust and the axial position of the valve stem as provided by the apparatus and method of this embodiment, as described above, and uses such signals for diagnostic testing and/or for controlling the operation of the valve assembly 1 from a remote location.
  • a computerized data collection and controller 30 such as a Model 3000 series controller unit manufactured by ITI Movats, Inc. and electrical signals received continuously to indicate the air pressure, the axial valve stem load or thrust and the axial position of the valve stem as provided by the apparatus and method of this embodiment, as described above, and uses such signals for diagnostic testing and/or for controlling the operation of the valve assembly 1 from a remote location.

Abstract

Disclosed is a method and apparatus for measuring and monitoring the axial load or thrust on the valve stem (11) of an air operated valve assembly (1). The top end of the valve stem (11) is connected to the bottom end of the valve actuator drive shaft (4) by a marriage block connector member (14) having a plurality of strain gages (23) capable of generating an electrical signal representative of the axial load or thrust on the valve stem (11). The marriage block connector member (14) is also provided with a gage (27) capable of generating an electrical signal representative of the axial position of the valve stem (11). The apparatus and methods disclosed are used for valve diagnostic testing from a remote location or for a valve control system.

Description

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring and monitoring the axial load on a valve stem used to open and close a valve. This invention is especially useful in the field of valve diagnostics.
  • In the nuclear power industry, valves are actuated remotely by electric motors or compressed air to open, closed or intermediate positions to improve or maintain power plant output and to maintain proper cooling of the nuclear reactor. Continuous and proper operation of the valves is essential for reliable operation of the power plant and the safety of the general public. The power and process industries and the valve manufacturing industry have had a need to develop apparatus and systems to continuously measure, test and monitor various operating parameters associated with valves, especially remotely located valves, and to alert the plant operator of any significant changes in any of the operating parameters being measured, tested and monitored.
  • Two of the important operating parameters to be measured, tested and monitored in a valve are the axial load or thrust exerted on the valve stem by the valve operating motive power, such as an electric motor or compressed air, and the axial position of the valve stem, which is also indicative of the position of the valve.
  • The systems that have been developed in the prior art for measuring valve stem axial load or thrust, in addition to being primarily adapted for motor operated, rather than air operated valves, usually measure the valve stem axial load or thrust indirectly and therefore must be carefully calibrated for each installation and then regularly recalibrated during service to determine how the measurements relate to the actual valve stem axial load or thrust.
  • It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a method and apparatus to permit the continuous and direct measurement and monitoring of the valve stem axial load or thrust on power operated valves, such as those powered by electric motors and solenoids, pressurized air or hydraulic actuators.
  • This object is achieved by the invention claimed in claims 1 and 7.
  • An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • FIGURE 1 is a front elevational view, partly in section, of a typical commercially available air operated valve assembly according to the prior art.
  • FIGURE 2 is a front elevational view, partly in section, of a typical commercially available air operated valve assembly equipped with an apparatus for measuring and monitoring the axial load or thrust on the valve stem and the axial position of the valve stem, and a valve diagnostic and control system, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 3 is an isometric "exploded" view of a typical prior art marriage block used to connect the bottom end of the valve actuator drive shaft to the top end of the valve stem that opens and closes the valve.
  • FIGURE 4 is a sectional view of the typical prior art marriage block, illustrated in FIGURE 3.
  • FIGURE 5 is an isometric view of the marriage block, of a preferred embodiment of this invention, used to connect the bottom end of the valve actuator drive shaft to the top end of the valve stem that opens and closes the valve.
  • FIGURE 6 is a sectional view of the marriage block, of the preferred embodiment of this invention, illustrated in FIGURE 5.
  • FIGURE 7 is a side elevational view of the marriage block, of the preferred embodiment of this invention illustrated in FIGURE 5.
  • FIGURE 1 is a front elevational view, partly in section, of a typical commercially available air operated valve assembly 1. As shown in FIGURE 1, this valve assembly 1 is comprised generally of an upper pressed steel diaphragm case 2 which contains a rubber diaphragm 3 attached to a valve actuator drive shaft 4 which is moved axially downwardly by compressed air acting on the top of the rubber diaphragm 3 or axially upwardly by a spring 5 which surrounds the valve actuator drive shaft 4 within a spring housing 6 and bears against the underside the rubber diaphragm 3. A valve yoke 7 supports the spring housing 6 and the diaphragm case 2 on the valve body 8 that contains the valve.
  • As shown in FIGURE 1, the bottom end of the valve actuator drive shaft 4 is threaded and threads into the top of a steel "marriage block" connecting member 9 and secured with a locknut 10. The top of the valve stem 11 that is connected to and operates the valve in the valve body 8, is also threaded and threads into the bottom of the marriage block 9 and is secured with a locknut 12. As shown in FIGURES 3 and 4, the valve actuator drive shaft 4 is preferably tubular with an inside diameter larger than the outside diameter of the solid valve stem 11, which allows for the top of the valve stem 11 to fit within the tubular valve actuator shaft 4 if necessary. The main purpose of the prior art marriage block connecting member 9 is to permit a simple means to adjust and match the axial stroke length of the valve actuator drive shaft 4 to the stroke length of the valve stem 11 needed to fully open and close the valve. A typical prior art marriage block 9 is made of two machined steel mating halves bolted together, as shown in FIGURES 3 and 4, which allow for easy installation and replacement of the marriage block 9 in a valve assembly 1, as required.
  • As shown in FIGURE 1, commercial air operated valve assemblies 1, are often equipped with a vernier sight gage 13 attached to the yoke 7 and indexed to the top or bottom edge of the marriage block 9 to permit an on-site visual measurement of the axial position of the valve stem 11, but such a vernier sight gage 13 does not allow for the monitoring of the axial position of the valve stem 11 from a location remote from the valve assembly 1.
  • FIGURE 2 is a front elevational view, partly in section, of a typical commercially available air operated valve assembly 1 equipped with the apparatus for measuring and monitoring the axial load or thrust on the valve stem 11 and axial position of the valve stem 11, according to a preferred embodiment of this invention. The apparatus of this embodiment is also illustrated in FIGURES 5-7, which illustrate a marriage block 14 to replace the conventional prior art marriage block 9, illustrated in FIGURES 1, 3 and 4, and described above.
  • As shown in FIGURES 2 and 5-7, the marriage block connecting member 14 of this embodiment is comprised of a pair of machined steel mating halves 15 joined together with bolts 16 to resemble a cube provided with a threaded top opening and recess 17 in the top portion 21 to receive the bottom threaded end of the tubular valve actuator drive shaft 4 and a threaded bottom opening and recess 18 in the bottom portion 22 to receive the top threaded end of the valve stem 11. As best shown in FIGURE 5, two opposed sides of the cubical marriage block 14, have central openings 24 and the other two sides are each provided with a pair of slots 19 which form a pair of opposed horizontal beam members 20 connecting the top portion 21 and the bottom portion 22 of the marriage block connecting member 14.
  • As best illustrated in FIGURE 7, the two opposed horizontal beam members 20 in the two opposed sides of the marriage block connecting member 14 of this embodiment are each provided with several electrical resistance strain gages 23 bonded to the top and bottom surfaces of the horizontal beam members 20 and electrically connected together in a wheatstone bridge configuration that will continuously and directly measure the strains in the horizontal beam members 20 connecting the top portion 21 and bottom portion 22 of the marriage block 14. This allows the marriage block 14 to act essentially as a load cell connecting the bottom of the valve actuator drive shaft 4 and the top of the valve stem 11 to permit direct and continuous measurement, monitoring, calculation and display of the axial load or thrust imposed on the valve stem 11 at all times with a great deal of accuracy. In this embodiment, electrical resistance constantan foil strain gages 23 with a gage factor of two, manufactured by MicroMeasurements Group, gave good reliable results.
  • As illustrated in Figures 2 and 5, the marriage block 14 of this embodiment is also provided with an arm 25 preferably attached to the side of the marriage block 14, as shown in FIGURE 5, or alternatively to an exposed portion of the valve stem 11 through an opening 24 in the side of the marriage block 14. The arm 25 supports a magnetic ring or "donut" 26 that forms the movable part of a magnetostrictive position gage, of the type manufactured and sold by Rosemount Corporation. As illustrated in FIGURE 2, the magnetic ring or donut 26 surrounds a fixed elongated rod-like magnetic sensor 27 mounted to the spring housing 6 or the yoke 7 of the valve assembly 1. Any upward or downward axial movement of the valve stem 11 will cause an equivalent upward or downward movement of the arm 25 and the magnetic ring or donut 26, which movement will be instantly measured and monitored by the elongated rod-like magnetic sensor 27 as an electrical signal, thereby providing a means for the continuous and direct measurement of the axial position of the valve stem 11 at all times to a remote location. While in the preferred embodiment of this invention, a magnetostrictive gage of the type described above was used to measure the axial position of the valve stem 11, other types of position gages capable of producing an electrical signal indicating the axial position of the valve stem, such as string potentiometer, string encoders, LVDTs or glass slide encoders could be used if desired. However, the magnetostrictive type of gage, described above, is preferred due to its accuracy, permanent sensitivity and durability under most operating conditions that practically eliminate the need for any recalibration of this type of gage, while in service.
  • The marriage block 14 of this embodiment may be installed temporarily on a valve assembly 1 for diagnostic testing of the valve assembly 1 using a conventional data collection and display means or it may be permanently installed on a valve assembly 1 to facilitate either the regular diagnostic testing of the valve assembly 1 from a remote location or used to provide valve operating parameters for a valve control system. In a valve control system for air operated valves, it may be necessary to also measure and monitor the air pressure used to operate the valve diaphragm 3 and the valve actuator drive shaft 4, by placing a pressure transducer 28 having an electrical signal output, in the compressed air line 29 leading to the valve actuator. FIGURE 2 illustrates a schematic block diagram to illustrate one such control system that utilizes a computerized data collection and controller 30, such as a Model 3000 series controller unit manufactured by ITI Movats, Inc. and electrical signals received continuously to indicate the air pressure, the axial valve stem load or thrust and the axial position of the valve stem as provided by the apparatus and method of this embodiment, as described above, and uses such signals for diagnostic testing and/or for controlling the operation of the valve assembly 1 from a remote location.

Claims (10)

  1. A method for measuring and monitoring the axial load on a valve stem (11) comprising the steps of connecting the valve stem (11) to a valve actuator drive shaft (4) with a marriage block connecting member (14) capable of generating an electrical signal representative of the axial load or thrust on the valve stem (11), and using the marriage block connecting member (14) to generate electrical signals representative of the axial load or thrust on the valve stem (11).
  2. The method of Claim 1 wherein the marriage block connecting member (14) is a load cell.
  3. The method of Claim 1 or 2 which includes the additional step of generating an electrical signal representative of the axial position of the valve stem (11).
  4. The method of Claim 3 in which the electrical signals are used to diagnose the operation of a valve.
  5. The method of Claim 3 in which the electrical signals are used to control the operation of a valve.
  6. The method of any preceding Claim, in which the valve actuator drive shaft (4) is actuated by compressed air.
  7. Apparatus for measuring and monitoring the axial load on a valve stem (11) comprising a marriage block connecting member (14) connecting the valve stem (11) with a valve actuator drive shaft (4), said marriage block connecting member (14) being capable of generating an electrical signal representative of the axial load or thrust on the valve stem (11).
  8. The apparatus of Claim 7 further including means (27) to generate an electrical signal representative of the axial position of the valve stem (11).
  9. The apparatus of Claim 8 in which the means (27) to generate the electrical signal representative of the actual axial position of the valve stem is a magnetostrictive gage.
  10. The apparatus of Claim 7, 8 or 9, wherein the valve is an air operated valve, and the apparatus further includes a means for generating a signal indicating the pressure of the air supplied to the valve.
EP19940650037 1993-12-20 1994-12-06 Method and apparatus for measuring the axial load on a valve stem Expired - Lifetime EP0660095B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US169256 1980-07-16
US08/169,256 US5469737A (en) 1993-12-20 1993-12-20 Method and apparatus for measuring the axial load and position of a valve stem

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0660095A2 true EP0660095A2 (en) 1995-06-28
EP0660095A3 EP0660095A3 (en) 1996-02-28
EP0660095B1 EP0660095B1 (en) 1998-04-08

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EP19940650037 Expired - Lifetime EP0660095B1 (en) 1993-12-20 1994-12-06 Method and apparatus for measuring the axial load on a valve stem

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US (1) US5469737A (en)
EP (1) EP0660095B1 (en)
KR (1) KR950019666A (en)
CA (1) CA2138463A1 (en)
TW (1) TW255039B (en)

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KR950019666A (en) 1995-07-24
US5469737A (en) 1995-11-28
EP0660095A3 (en) 1996-02-28
TW255039B (en) 1995-08-21
EP0660095B1 (en) 1998-04-08

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