EP0637517A1 - Method of marking car windows on the spot - Google Patents

Method of marking car windows on the spot Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0637517A1
EP0637517A1 EP94401786A EP94401786A EP0637517A1 EP 0637517 A1 EP0637517 A1 EP 0637517A1 EP 94401786 A EP94401786 A EP 94401786A EP 94401786 A EP94401786 A EP 94401786A EP 0637517 A1 EP0637517 A1 EP 0637517A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glazing
laser beam
enamel
strip
marking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94401786A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0637517B1 (en
Inventor
Walter Goerenz
Wolfgang Dr. Schaefer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Vitrage SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Publication of EP0637517A1 publication Critical patent/EP0637517A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0637517B1 publication Critical patent/EP0637517B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/22—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching
    • B44C1/228—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching by laser radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR TOOLS FOR ARTISTIC WORK, e.g. FOR SCULPTURING, GUILLOCHING, CARVING, BRANDING, INLAYING
    • B44B7/00—Machines, apparatus or hand tools for branding, e.g. using radiant energy such as laser beams
    • B44B7/002—Machines, apparatus or hand tools for branding, e.g. using radiant energy such as laser beams in layered material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for writing on or marking automobile glazing by means of a laser beam.
  • an ultraviolet laser beam can be used for which the intermediate layer of plastic material is opaque.
  • a pulsed laser beam is preferably used.
  • the known methods serve to mark laminated glazings in which the more absorbent layer is arranged, in the form of a polymer layer, between two sheets of glass.
  • an additional radiation absorbing layer may be provided, made of an organic material, for example of a light color.
  • the known methods are intended only for marking or writing a control or manufacturing number in the factory which manufactured the glazing.
  • the possibility of individually providing the glazing for a vehicle with a brand or an inscription directly related to this vehicle arouses considerable interest.
  • the registration of the vehicle chassis number or of another individual designation on the various glazing units may give the possibility of identifying stolen vehicles even if the chassis number, as such, has been removed or modified.
  • the invention proposes to apply the method of marking a glazing by a laser beam to a glazing already mounted by gluing in a bay of the vehicle body, this glazing being provided with an enamel strip, in particular with a peripheral strip forming a decorative frame, by focusing the laser beam which passes through at least part of the glazing on a part of the strip which is inaccessible for any subsequent modification.
  • a part of the enamel strip which is covered in particular by an element belonging to the glazing such as a sheet of glass or of plastic material, a plastic profile, or by an element used for the final assembly of the glazing, in particular a bead of glue or by any other element forming a body with the glazing and not detachable from said glazing mounted in the bodywork bay.
  • an element belonging to the glazing such as a sheet of glass or of plastic material, a plastic profile, or by an element used for the final assembly of the glazing, in particular a bead of glue or by any other element forming a body with the glazing and not detachable from said glazing mounted in the bodywork bay.
  • the part treated by laser radiation for marking the glazing is a part covered by the bead of glue used for the mounting of the glazing or by any other profile or cord integral with the glazing such as an extruded or encapsulated profile.
  • the part which can be marked is limited to the part described above.
  • the marking by the laser beam is carried out from the outside, through the glazing.
  • the glazing is a laminated glazing formed from at least one sheet of glass and at least one layer of plastic material
  • the enamel strip which can be marked according to the invention can not only be placed on the face of the sheet of glass oriented inward but also be arranged on an inner face of a glass sheet of the glazing.
  • the part to be marked can be located not only opposite the adhesive or profiled bead but also, it can be offset because in this arrangement the entire enamel strip is covered by a sheet of plastic material or by a sheet of glass and it is "inaccessible".
  • a pulsed YAG laser is preferably used.
  • the marking or the inscription can be adapted individually to the vehicle in question, which is not possible, for logistical reasons, when the glazing is not yet fitted in this vehicle.
  • the use in accordance with the invention takes advantage in particular of the fact that the glazings which are mounted by gluing in the vehicle are provided in their peripheral part in which the bead of mounting adhesive is located or opposite this bead, an opaque decorative frame for visible light and for ultraviolet, consisting of at least one layer of enamel.
  • the marking according to the invention therefore offers the decisive advantage that it is not possible to remove or modify the inscription without removing the glazing from the body. In this way, the same tamper-proof marking can therefore be obtained on a surface of the glazing, both for simple glazing and for laminated glazing.
  • the implementation of the method of the invention is also carried out in a known manner and with known means, by passing the laser beam over the glazing, by means of movable deflecting mirrors.
  • the control of the return mirrors in the X and Y directions is done using an appropriate process computer, as described in document DE 31 47 385 C2.

Abstract

Car windows provided with an enamelled band and mounted in the bodywork of a vehicle by means of the gluing method receive an individual inscription by means of a laser beam. In this case, use is made of a laser beam having a wavelength for which the window is substantially transparent. The inscription is made by focusing the laser beam on a band formed of at least one layer of enamel, particularly forming a decorative frame, on an inaccessible part of the enamel band, particularly the area covered over by a bead of glue or a plastic profile, so that it is impossible to remove or modify the inscription.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé permettant d'écrire sur un vitrage automobile ou de le marquer, au moyen d'un faisceau laser.The present invention relates to a method for writing on or marking automobile glazing by means of a laser beam.

Il est connu que l'on peut écrire au moyen d' un faisceau laser sur des vitrages automobiles en verre feuilleté, constitués de deux feuilles de verre entre lesquelles se trouve une couche de matière plastique. On utilise à cet effet un faisceau laser d'une longueur d' onde pour laquelle les feuilles de verre sont sensiblement transparentes, ce faisceau laser étant dirigé, à travers une feuille de verre, sur la couche de matière plastique dans laquelle l'échauffement local provoque des modifications locales irréversibles de la couche médiane. Il est indiqué de focaliser le faisceau laser sur la couche de matière plastique (DE 31 47 385 C2). Ce procédé connu vise en particulier à permettre un marquage de vitrages feuilletés finis résistant à la falsification. On utilise en l'occurence un faisceau laser dont la longueur d'onde se situe dans l'infrarouge.It is known that one can write by means of a laser beam on automotive glazing in laminated glass, consisting of two sheets of glass between which is a layer of plastic. A laser beam of a wavelength for which the glass sheets are substantially transparent is used for this purpose, this laser beam being directed, through a glass sheet, onto the layer of plastic material in which the local heating causes irreversible local changes in the middle layer. It is recommended to focus the laser beam on the plastic layer (DE 31 47 385 C2). This known process aims in particular to allow marking of finished laminated glazing resistant to falsification. In this case, a laser beam is used whose wavelength is in the infrared.

Par le document DE 38 26 355 C2, il est en outre connu que, dans le même but, on peut utiliser un faisceau laser ultraviolet pour lequel la couche intermédiaire de matière plastique est opaque. De même que dans le premier cas cité, dans ce cas-ci, on emploie de préférence un faisceau laser pulsé.From document DE 38 26 355 C2, it is also known that, for the same purpose, an ultraviolet laser beam can be used for which the intermediate layer of plastic material is opaque. As in the first case cited, in this case, a pulsed laser beam is preferably used.

Les procédés connus servent à marquer des vitrages feuilletés dans lesquels la couche plus absorbante est disposée, sous la forme d'une couche de polymère, entre deux feuilles de verre. Pour augmenter l'absorption dans le plan de la couche de polymère, on peut prévoir une couche supplémentaire absorbant les rayonnements, faites d'une matière organique, par exemple d'une couleur claire. Par ailleurs, les procédés connus sont prévus uniquement pour marquer ou inscrire un numéro de contrôle ou de fabrication dans l'usine qui a fabriqué les vitrages.The known methods serve to mark laminated glazings in which the more absorbent layer is arranged, in the form of a polymer layer, between two sheets of glass. To increase absorption in the plane of the polymer layer, an additional radiation absorbing layer may be provided, made of an organic material, for example of a light color. Furthermore, the known methods are intended only for marking or writing a control or manufacturing number in the factory which manufactured the glazing.

Cependant, la possibilité de pourvoir individuellement les vitrages d'un véhicule d'une marque ou d'une inscription ayant un rapport direct avec ce véhicule suscite un intérêt considérable. Par exemple, l'inscription du numéro de châssis du véhicule ou d'une autre désignation individuelle sur les différents vitrages peut donner la possibilité d'identifier des véhicules volés même si le numéro de châssis, en tant que tel, a été enlevé ou modifié. Cela exige toutefois que le marquage des vitrages non seulement ait un apport individuel avec le véhicule considéré, mais aussi soit placé en un endroit du vitrage où il n'est pas possible de le modifier ou de l'enlever tout simplement.However, the possibility of individually providing the glazing for a vehicle with a brand or an inscription directly related to this vehicle arouses considerable interest. For example, the registration of the vehicle chassis number or of another individual designation on the various glazing units may give the possibility of identifying stolen vehicles even if the chassis number, as such, has been removed or modified. . However, this requires that the glazing marking not only have an individual contribution to the vehicle in question, but also be placed in a location of the glazing where it is not possible to modify or simply remove it.

L'invention propose d'appliquer le procédé de marquage d'un vitrage par un faisceau laser à un vitrage déjà monté par collage dans une baie de la carrosserie du véhicule, ce vitrage étant pourvu d'une bande en émail, notamment d'une bande périphérique formant cadre décoratif, en focalisant le faisceau laser qui traverse au moins une partie du vitrage sur une partie de la bande inacessible pour toute modification ultérieure.The invention proposes to apply the method of marking a glazing by a laser beam to a glazing already mounted by gluing in a bay of the vehicle body, this glazing being provided with an enamel strip, in particular with a peripheral strip forming a decorative frame, by focusing the laser beam which passes through at least part of the glazing on a part of the strip which is inaccessible for any subsequent modification.

Par inacessible pour toute modification ultérieure, on entend selon l'invention une partie de la bande d'émail qui est recouverte notamment par un élément appartenant au vitrage tel qu'une feuille de verre ou de matière plastique, un profilé en matière plastique, ou par un élément utilisé pour le montage définitif du vitrage, notamment un cordon de colle ou par tout autre élément formant corps avec le vitrage et non détachable dudit vitrage monté dans la baie de carrosserie.By inaccessible for any subsequent modification, is meant according to the invention a part of the enamel strip which is covered in particular by an element belonging to the glazing such as a sheet of glass or of plastic material, a plastic profile, or by an element used for the final assembly of the glazing, in particular a bead of glue or by any other element forming a body with the glazing and not detachable from said glazing mounted in the bodywork bay.

Lorsque la bande d'émail est disposée sur la face d'un vitrage monolithique ou feuilleté orientée vers l'habitacle du véhicule, la partie traitée par le rayonnement laser pour le marquage du vitrage est une partie couverte par le cordon de colle utilisé pour le montage du vitrage ou par tout autre profil ou cordon faisant corps avec le vitrage tel qu'un profil extrudé ou encapsulé.When the enamel strip is arranged on the face of a monolithic or laminated glazing oriented towards the passenger compartment of the vehicle, the part treated by laser radiation for marking the glazing is a part covered by the bead of glue used for the mounting of the glazing or by any other profile or cord integral with the glazing such as an extruded or encapsulated profile.

Lorsque le vitrage est monolithique, la partie pouvant être marquée est limitée à la partie décrite ci-dessus. Le marquage par le faisceau laser s'effectue par le côté extérieur, à travers le vitrage.When the glazing is monolithic, the part which can be marked is limited to the part described above. The marking by the laser beam is carried out from the outside, through the glazing.

Lorsque le vitrage est un vitrage feuilleté formé d'au moins une feuille de verre et d'au moins une couche de matière plastique, la bande d'émail pouvant être marquée selon l'invention peut non seulement être disposée sur la face de la feuille de verre orientée vers l'intérieur mais aussi être disposée sur une face intérieure d'une feuille de verre du vitrage.When the glazing is a laminated glazing formed from at least one sheet of glass and at least one layer of plastic material, the enamel strip which can be marked according to the invention can not only be placed on the face of the sheet of glass oriented inward but also be arranged on an inner face of a glass sheet of the glazing.

Dans ce cas, la partie à marquer peut se située non seulement en regard du cordon de colle ou profilé mais aussi, elle peut en être décalée car dans cette disposition toute la bande d'émail est recouverte par une feuille de matière plastique ou par une feuille de verre et elle est « inaccessible ».In this case, the part to be marked can be located not only opposite the adhesive or profiled bead but also, it can be offset because in this arrangement the entire enamel strip is covered by a sheet of plastic material or by a sheet of glass and it is "inaccessible".

Pour la mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on utilise de préférence un laser YAG à impulsions.For the implementation of the invention, a pulsed YAG laser is preferably used.

Ainsi, selon l'invention, le marquage ou l'inscription peuvent être adaptés individuellement au véhicule considéré, ce qui n'est pas possible, pour des raisons logistiques, quand les vitrages ne sont pas encore montés dans ce véhicule. L'utilisation conforme à l'invention tire notamment partie du fait que les vitrages qui sont montés par collage dans le véhicule sont pourvus dans leur partie périphérique dans laquelle se trouve le cordon d'adhésif de montage ou en regard de ce cordon, d'un cadre décoratif opaque pour la lumière visible et pour l'ultraviolet, constitué d'au moins une couche d'émail .Thus, according to the invention, the marking or the inscription can be adapted individually to the vehicle in question, which is not possible, for logistical reasons, when the glazing is not yet fitted in this vehicle. The use in accordance with the invention takes advantage in particular of the fact that the glazings which are mounted by gluing in the vehicle are provided in their peripheral part in which the bead of mounting adhesive is located or opposite this bead, an opaque decorative frame for visible light and for ultraviolet, consisting of at least one layer of enamel.

Lorsque la couche d'émail est disposée sur la face du vitrage orientée vers l'habitacle du véhicule, cette couche est en partie couverte par le cordon de collage ou un autre profilé, cette zone du vitrage n'est pas accessible du côté intérieur du véhicule.When the enamel layer is arranged on the face of the glazing oriented towards the passenger compartment of the vehicle, this layer is partly covered by the adhesive bead or another profile, this area of the glazing is not accessible from the interior side of the vehicle.

Le marquage suivant l'invention offre donc l'avantage décisif qu'il n'est pas possible d'enlever ou de modifier l'inscription sans démonter le vitrage de la carrosserie. De cette façon, on peut donc obtenir sur une surface du vitrage le même marquage infalsifiable, aussi bien pour les vitrages simples que pour les vitrages feuilletés.The marking according to the invention therefore offers the decisive advantage that it is not possible to remove or modify the inscription without removing the glazing from the body. In this way, the same tamper-proof marking can therefore be obtained on a surface of the glazing, both for simple glazing and for laminated glazing.

La mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention s'effectue par ailleurs d'une manière connue et avec des moyens connus, en faisant passer le faisceau laser sur le vitrage, par l'intermédiaire de miroirs de renvoi mobiles. Le pilotage des miroirs de renvoi dans les directions X et Y se fait à l'aide d'un calculateur de processus approprié, comme décrit dans le document DE 31 47 385 C2.The implementation of the method of the invention is also carried out in a known manner and with known means, by passing the laser beam over the glazing, by means of movable deflecting mirrors. The control of the return mirrors in the X and Y directions is done using an appropriate process computer, as described in document DE 31 47 385 C2.

Claims (3)

Procédé pour la marquage d'un vitrage au moyen d'un faisceau laser, par focalisation d'un faisceau laser d'une longueur d'onde pour laquelle le vitrage est sensiblement transparent, à travers au moins une partie du vitrage, sur une couche absorbant le faisceau laser, caractérisé en ce qu'il s'applique dans le cas d'un vitrage monté dans la carrosserie du véhicule par collage et pourvus d'une bande formée d'au moins une couche en émail notamment en forme de cadre décoratif, le marquage se faisant notamment sur une partie inacessible de la bande en émail, par focalisation du faisceau laser sur la couche d'émail formant la bande.Method for marking a glazing by means of a laser beam, by focusing a laser beam of a wavelength for which the glazing is substantially transparent, through at least part of the glazing, on a layer absorbing the laser beam, characterized in that it is applied in the case of glazing mounted in the vehicle body by gluing and provided with a strip formed of at least one enamel layer in particular in the form of a decorative frame , the marking taking place in particular on an inaccessible part of the enamel strip, by focusing the laser beam on the enamel layer forming the strip. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la bande d'émail est disposée sur la face du vitrage orientée vers l'habitacle du véhicule, le marquage se faisant, depuis le côté extérieur, sur une partie de la bande recouverte par un cordon de collage ou un profilé en matière plastique.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the enamel strip is arranged on the face of the glazing oriented towards the passenger compartment of the vehicle, the marking being made, from the outside, on a part of the strip covered by a cord bonding or plastic profile. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la bande d'émail est disposée sur une face d'une feuille de verre intérieure au vitrage.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the enamel strip is arranged on one side of a glass sheet inside the glazing.
EP94401786A 1993-08-05 1994-08-03 Method of marking car windows on the spot Expired - Lifetime EP0637517B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4326314 1993-08-05
DE4326314A DE4326314A1 (en) 1993-08-05 1993-08-05 Process for labeling a built-in car glass

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0637517A1 true EP0637517A1 (en) 1995-02-08
EP0637517B1 EP0637517B1 (en) 1997-05-07

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ID=6494532

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94401786A Expired - Lifetime EP0637517B1 (en) 1993-08-05 1994-08-03 Method of marking car windows on the spot

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0637517B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE152673T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4326314A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2104307T3 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0736397A1 (en) * 1995-04-02 1996-10-09 Brigitte De Gooijer Gestaltungstechnik Process for making image carriers for illumination/projection
US6238847B1 (en) 1997-10-16 2001-05-29 Dmc Degussa Metals Catalysts Cerdec Ag Laser marking method and apparatus
WO2001094128A1 (en) * 2000-06-09 2001-12-13 Glaverbel Method of producing permanent identification of glass segments
US6503316B1 (en) 2000-09-22 2003-01-07 Dmc2 Degussa Metals Catalysts Cerdec Ag Bismuth-containing laser markable compositions and methods of making and using same
US6503310B1 (en) 1999-06-22 2003-01-07 Dmc2 Degussa Metals Catalysts Cerdec Ag Laser marking compositions and method
US7238396B2 (en) 2002-08-02 2007-07-03 Rieck Albert S Methods for vitrescent marking

Families Citing this family (9)

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DE19512157C1 (en) * 1995-03-31 1996-05-23 Klaus Kall Coating of a transparent carrier plate
DE19652727B4 (en) * 1996-01-12 2005-11-24 Volkswagen Ag Method for individual identification of a motor vehicle
DE19644004A1 (en) * 1996-10-31 1998-05-07 Sekurit Saint Gobain Deutsch IR-reflective laminated glass pane and process for its manufacture
DE19802712B4 (en) * 1998-01-24 2017-09-21 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Method and device for exposing computer-generated holograms
DE10015702A1 (en) * 2000-03-29 2001-10-18 Vitro Laser Gmbh Method for introducing at least one internal engraving into a flat body and device for carrying out the method
DE10102193A1 (en) * 2001-01-16 2002-07-18 Volkswagen Ag Procedure for applying an identification number
DE10133479C1 (en) * 2001-07-10 2002-12-05 Schott Glas Solar collector tube has identification applied to absorber tube in vacuum or in inert gas inside transparent envelope tube by partly removing absorber tube coating by using laser beam
EP1340585A1 (en) 2002-02-28 2003-09-03 Retainagroup Limited Apparatus for marking a vehicle
DE102006055186A1 (en) * 2006-11-23 2008-05-29 Rudolf Fleischle Method for generating color information, e.g. B. motifs, on a support, in particular of glass

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FR2495982A1 (en) * 1980-12-16 1982-06-18 Saint Gobain Vitrage PROCESS FOR TREATING LAMINATED GLAZING, PARTICULARLY FOR EXECUTING A NON-FALSIFIABLE BRAND AND GLAZING OBTAINED
EP0121479A1 (en) * 1983-03-31 1984-10-10 Saint Gobain Vitrage International Security glass, especially a vehicle windshield
EP0270961A2 (en) * 1986-12-06 1988-06-15 Flachglas Aktiengesellschaft Window glass for automobile
WO1990001418A1 (en) * 1988-08-03 1990-02-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Process for marking composite elements with laser beams and composite element thus produced

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2495982A1 (en) * 1980-12-16 1982-06-18 Saint Gobain Vitrage PROCESS FOR TREATING LAMINATED GLAZING, PARTICULARLY FOR EXECUTING A NON-FALSIFIABLE BRAND AND GLAZING OBTAINED
EP0121479A1 (en) * 1983-03-31 1984-10-10 Saint Gobain Vitrage International Security glass, especially a vehicle windshield
EP0270961A2 (en) * 1986-12-06 1988-06-15 Flachglas Aktiengesellschaft Window glass for automobile
WO1990001418A1 (en) * 1988-08-03 1990-02-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Process for marking composite elements with laser beams and composite element thus produced

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0736397A1 (en) * 1995-04-02 1996-10-09 Brigitte De Gooijer Gestaltungstechnik Process for making image carriers for illumination/projection
US6238847B1 (en) 1997-10-16 2001-05-29 Dmc Degussa Metals Catalysts Cerdec Ag Laser marking method and apparatus
US6503310B1 (en) 1999-06-22 2003-01-07 Dmc2 Degussa Metals Catalysts Cerdec Ag Laser marking compositions and method
WO2001094128A1 (en) * 2000-06-09 2001-12-13 Glaverbel Method of producing permanent identification of glass segments
CZ302261B6 (en) * 2000-06-09 2011-01-19 Agc Glass Europe Method for making permanent identification of glass sheets and glass sheets containing such permanent identification marks
US6503316B1 (en) 2000-09-22 2003-01-07 Dmc2 Degussa Metals Catalysts Cerdec Ag Bismuth-containing laser markable compositions and methods of making and using same
US6680121B2 (en) 2000-09-22 2004-01-20 Dmc2 Degussa Metals Catalysts Cerdec Ag Bismuth-containing laser markable compositions and methods of making and using same
US7238396B2 (en) 2002-08-02 2007-07-03 Rieck Albert S Methods for vitrescent marking

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2104307T3 (en) 1997-10-01
DE4326314A1 (en) 1995-02-09
DE69403032T2 (en) 1997-11-20
ATE152673T1 (en) 1997-05-15
EP0637517B1 (en) 1997-05-07
DE69403032D1 (en) 1997-06-12

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