EP0605645B1 - Procede et installation de combustion d'un melange gazeux - Google Patents

Procede et installation de combustion d'un melange gazeux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0605645B1
EP0605645B1 EP92921500A EP92921500A EP0605645B1 EP 0605645 B1 EP0605645 B1 EP 0605645B1 EP 92921500 A EP92921500 A EP 92921500A EP 92921500 A EP92921500 A EP 92921500A EP 0605645 B1 EP0605645 B1 EP 0605645B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner plate
gas
regions
flow resistance
plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92921500A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0605645A1 (fr
Inventor
Paulus Jacobus Vloon
André IN HET VELD
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nefit Buderus BV
Original Assignee
Nefit Fasto BV
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Publication of EP0605645A1 publication Critical patent/EP0605645A1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/74—Preventing flame lift-off

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and installation for the combustion of a combustible gas mixture containing a hydrocarbon or hydrogen gas, sufficient air for a complete combustion of the hydrocarbon or hydrogen gas, and an essentially non-combustible ballast gas, which gas mixture is supplied under pressure to a pressure space which is at least partially bounded by a burner plate with an inlet side in the pressure space and an outlet side lying opposite the inlet side for the gas mixture flowing through essentially in a direction at right angles to the plane of the burner plate.
  • a method and installation are known from EP-A-0 092 838.
  • a first principle is that heat is drawn from the flame by a surface which is placed in or near the flames, and which thereby begins to glow and transfers the heat drawn from the flame by means of radiation to an element to be heated, for example a heat exchanger.
  • an element to be heated for example a heat exchanger.
  • Only a limited output per unit surface area can be obtained in this way, and therefore a compact burner cannot be achieved.
  • the stability of the combustion is a problem during output modulation.
  • a second principle for obtaining a lower flame temperature is to increase the air factor to a value greater than 1, i.e. the combustible gas mixture contains more air than can react with the combustible component of the gas during complete combustion.
  • the use of high air factors in burners according to the prior art is not possible just like that.
  • air factors greater than 1.4 it is difficult to obtain a stable flame, due to the fact that the low flame temperature and low temperature of the burner surface resulting from the high air factor are insufficient to ignite the gas mixture stably, and the high gas velocity also resulting from the high air factor leads to blowing away of the flame.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and an installation which permit combustion of a combustible gas mixture containing an essentially non-combustible ballast gas, in particular a gas mixture with an air factor greater than 1.4 or a gas mixture to which through a process of recirculation exhaust gas is added, while retaining a high specific output and a stable, resonance-free combustion.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide the possibility of a great modulation of the output over a large range.
  • Such a burner plate is known in itself from EP-A-0 267 671, and is used in an atmospheric gas burner for a solid fuel effect gas fire. Quite surprisingly, experiments have shown that with such a burner plate, when used in a burner in which a combustible gas mixture containing an essentially non-combustible ballast gas is supplied under pressure to the burner plate, a stable and resonance-free combustion can be attained.
  • the burner plate is used in an installation comprising a pressure space to which the combustible gas mixture is supplied through a feed duct, and a combustion space in which the gas mixture is burned, both spaces being at least partially bounded by the burner plate, and compression means for generating a pressure in the pressure space which is higher than the pressure in the combustion space, the burner plate having an inlet side in the pressure space and an outlet side in the combustion space for the gas mixture flowing through essentially in a direction at right angles to the plane of the burner plate, and ignition means which are fitted at the outlet side of the burner plate in the combustion space.
  • regions with a significantly lower gas velocity than elsewhere in the flames are found between the flames and near the edges of the foot of the flames. These regions with low flow velocity remain intact up to a great distance from the burner plate and ensure a stable ignition along the edge of the flame. Such regions are absent in a burner in which the flames do fuse together, so that in such a burner other stabilisation means, e.g. glowing areas or separate glowing elements, are needed.
  • the regions with a large number of channels for the gas throughput have a low, but not negligible flow resistance.
  • This flow resistance causes a pressure drop in the gas flow, with the result that pressure fluctuations over the burner plate, which occur particularly in closed appliances, during combustion have less effect on the gas flow velocity and gas distribution through the burner plate, and flame resonances are thus suppressed.
  • An installation according to the invention therefore permits a stable combustion, and the output can be modulated over a large range.
  • the burner plate has a low surface temperature.
  • the burner plate can therefore have a long service life, and no strict standards as regards mechanical properties need to be met.
  • the ballast gas can be air, leading to an air factor of the combustible gas mixture of more than one, or part of the gas mixture after combustion thereof can be added to the combustible gas mixture to serve as a ballast gas.
  • the combustion space of the installation is connected to the feed duct for the combustible gas mixture.
  • Another suitable ballast gas is water, and for special burner applications other ballast gases may be used. It will be clear that a ballast gas may in itself be a mixture of different gases.
  • the narrow channels in the burner plate are labyrinth-shaped in the regions with a low flow resistance, i.e. the axis of a channel in general does not form a straight line, and channels can be interconnected.
  • These regions can be formed by a porous material, such as ceramic material.
  • the narrow channels in the burner plate are straight and run parallel to each other in a direction at right angles to the plane of the burner plate. In this way it is possible to make the channels by cutting with a laser beam or water jet or the like.
  • a hydraulic diameter of the channels which is smaller than 0.4 mm, and is preferably smaller than 0.2 mm, is envisaged.
  • the burner plate is preferably designed in such a way that the smallest cross-section of each region with a low flow resistance between the inlet and outlet side, viewed in the plane of the burner plate, is at least about 5 mm 2 , and the sum of these smallest cross-sections of all regions with low flow resistance is at most 70% of the burner plate surface area at the outlet side.
  • the burner plate is designed in such a way that the abovementioned sum of the smallest cross-sections is at least about 10% and at most about 50% of the burner plate surface area at the outlet side, and more particularly these lowest and highest percentages can be 20 and 40, respectively.
  • the regions in the burner plate with a low flow resistance advantageously have an essentially round cross-section, viewed in the plane of the burner plate, with the result that flames with a natural shape can develop.
  • the plate consists of a base plate of an essentially gastight material, which base plate is provided with holes of which the edges determine the boundaries of the regions with a low flow resistance, and also consists of a gas-permeable structure extending over at least the cross-section of the holes.
  • the gas-permeable structure can be made in the form of an essentially flat plate covering the abovementioned base plate.
  • the burner plate can be assembled in a particularly simple way from two plates.
  • Another possible embodiment comprises a gas-permeable plate which is locally densified in order to form the regions with a high flow resistance there. This again makes it possible to produce a thin burner plate, and in addition the plate forms one self-supporting entity.
  • the gas-permeable plate can be densified locally in a simple way by impregnating it with a filling material.
  • the densification can also be obtained by compressing the plate at the places where regions with a high flow resistance have to be formed.
  • the structure of the gas-permeable plate in this embodiment can be a foam structure, so that a simple manufacturing process is possible.
  • the gas-permeable plate can also be two foam structures with different degrees of gas permeability.
  • the regions with a low flow resistance can advantageously be made of metal fibres or aluminium oxide fibres, on account of the resistance of these materials to the prevailing temperatures.
  • Metal fibres can also be impregnated, which is advantageous, inter alia, in the abovementioned embodiment, in which the burner is one plate densified locally by impregnation.
  • Aluminium oxide fibres can be applied in an excellent way by spraying onto a carrier, which makes them very suitable for use in combination with a base plate according to an earlier described embodiment.
  • Fig. 1 shows a boiler 21, comprising an air inlet duct 22 and a gas inlet duct 23, which open out in a mixing chamber 24 for mixing the air and gas supplied to it.
  • the mixing chamber 24 is connected to a feed duct 25, in which a fan 26 which can pressurize the combustible gas/air mixture is situated.
  • the feed duct 25 ends in pressure space 27, which is bounded by a burner plate 6.
  • a combined igniter and temperature sensor 28 is situated in a combustion space 29.
  • a heat exchanger 30 Adjacent to this combustion space 29 is a heat exchanger 30, through which the hot combustion gases coming from separate flames can flow and transfer heat to another medium also flowing through the heat exchanger 30, following which the combustion gases can flow away through a discharge duct 31.
  • This boiler 21 can be used, for example, as a central heating boiler, and can then be fired by natural gas. To lower the flame temperature in the burner, excess air may be supplied to the mixing chamber 24, or a part of the exhaust gases may be recirculated by means of a recirculation duct 32 shown in dashed lines connecting the discharge duct 31 to the feed duct 25. In this way essentially non-combustible ballast gas is added to the combustible gas mixture in feed duct 25.
  • the recirculation duct 32 may comprise a control valve 33 for setting the flow in the duct 32.
  • a mixing chamber 24 strictly speaking is unnecessary, since the fan 26 can perform the same function.
  • a fan may be situated in the discharge duct 31 for generating the same gas flows in the boiler 21.
  • the recirculation duct 32 may, instead of being connected to the feed duct 25, be connected to the mixing chamber 24, the air inlet duct 22 or the gas inlet duct 23.
  • Fig. 2 shows a rectangular burner plate 1 with an inlet side 2 and an outlet side 3 for a gas mixture which can flow in the direction indicated by arrow A through the regions formed by narrow parallel, straight channels with a low flow resistance 4.
  • the reference number 5 indicates the regions with a high flow resistance.
  • the burner plate can be a metal plate in which the channels are made by laser cutting.
  • Fig. 3 shows a rectangular burner plate 6, again provided with an inlet side 7 and an outlet side 8, through which a gas mixture can flow in the direction indicated by an arrow B.
  • This burner plate is composed of a metal plate 9, which is perforated with square holes 10, and a porous plate 11 which forms a gas-permeable structure and is made of sprayed-on aluminium oxide fibres.
  • the gas flow direction can also be selected opposite to the direction of arrow B.
  • reference numeral 8 indicates the inlet side
  • reference numeral 7 indicates the outlet side.
  • Fig. 4 shows a rectangular burner plate 12, consisting of a perforated base plate 13 which is provided with a porous layer 14 covering the top and bottom side of the plate and filling up the perforations in the base plate.
  • Fig. 5 shows a burner plate 15 similar to the burner plate 6 of Fig. 3, and differing from it in that round conical holes 17 are provided in the metal plate 16.
  • Fig. 6 shows a burner plate 18 which consists of a metal fibre mat which is densified to form regions with high flow resistance 19, which bound regions with low flow resistance 20.
  • a burner plate made up of a metal plate perforated with round holes and covered with a porous plate was tested.
  • the configuration of this plate and the test conditions are given in Table 1, in which the emission of harmful substances is also stated, for an output which is held constant, and as a function of the air factor. It can be seen clearly that a considerable reduction of this emission can be achieved compared with known combustion methods, where the air factor generally was lower and never more than 1.4.
  • Table 2 further shows the influence of the output on the harmful emission, for a combustion method according to the invention. It can be seen from this that the output can be varied over a large range, while the harmful emission remains low and virtually constant.
  • the burner plates shown in the drawing are all made flat. Of course, the plates can also be a different shape, such as a curved, ribbed or bent shape. It is, however, essential that the burner plates according to the invention should be designed in such a way that during use in a burner flames which are at least almost completely separate from each other occur at the outlet side of the burner plate.
  • Table 1 Test results with a burner plate made up of a metal plate perforated with round holes and covered with a porous plate, the air factor being varied. No recirculation of exhaust gases. configuration width of metal plate 160 mm length of metal plate 200 mm thickness of metal plate 2 mm number of holes 150 hole diameter 8 mm surf.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et installation de combustion d'un mélange gazeux combustible contenant un hydrocarbure ou de l'hydrogène, une quantité suffisante d'air pour assurer une combustion totale de l'hydrocarbure ou de l'hydrogène, et un gaz de lestage essentiellement non combustible tel que l'air. On introduit le mélange gazeux dans un volume pressurisé (27) limité par une plaque de brûleur (1; 6; 12; 15; 18) dotée d'une face d'entrée située du côté du volume pressurisé, et d'une face de sortie située en regard de l'entrée et traversée par le mélange gazeux s'écoulant dans un sens perpendiculaire au plan de la plaque de brûleur. On utilise une plaque de brûleur comportant, entre la face d'entrée (2; 7) et la face de sortie (3; 8), une ou plusieurs zones comprenant une pluralité de passages étroits parcourus par le gaz, lesdites zones (4; 20) présentant une résistance faible et prédéterminée à l'écoulement et étant limitées par des zones (5; 19) présentant une résistance élevée à l'écoulement. Les zones de faible résistance à l'écoulement sont séparées les unes des autres par une distance telle que, lors de la combustion du mélange gazeux au niveau de la face de sortie de la plaque de brûleur, il se forme, à partir de chaque zone de faible résistance à l'écoulement, une flamme au moins quasi-entièrement séparée des flammes des autres zones de faible résistance.

Claims (17)

  1. Procédé de combustion d'un mélange gazeux combustible, ce procédé utilisant une plaque de combustion (1; 6; 12; 15; 18) comportant un côté d'admission (2; 7) et un côté d'évacuation (3; 8) situé à l'opposé du côté d'admission, le mélange gazeux circulant sensiblement dans une direction à angle droit par rapport au plan de la plaque de combustion, une ou plusieurs régions (4; 20) contenant un grand nombre de canaux étroits pour le passage des gaz, étant formées dans la plaque de combustion, entre le côté d'admission et le côté d'évacuation, ces régions présentant, dans la direction du côté d'admission vers le côté d'évacuation de la plaque de combustion, une faible résistance au passage de valeur déterminée, et étant délimitées par des régions (5; 19) à haute résistance au passage, les régions à faible résistance au passage étant au moins séparées entre elles par une distance telle que, lors de la combustion du mélange gazeux du côté d'évacuation de la plaque de combustion de chaque région à faible résistance au passage, se produise une flamme qui est au moins presque totalement séparée des flammes des autres régions à faible résistance au passage,
    caractérisé en ce que le mélange gazeux qui contient un gaz d'hydrocarbure ou d'hydrogène, une quantité d'air suffisante pour la combustion complète du gaz d'hydrocarbure ou d'hydrogène, et un gaz de ballast sensiblement non combustible, est fourni sous pression à un espace de pression (27) qui est au moins partiellement délimité par le côté d'admission (2; 7) de la plaque de combustion (1; 6; 12; 15; 18).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que le gaz de ballast est de l'air.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'une partie du mélange gazeux est ajouté après sa combustion, au mélange gazeux combustible pour servir de gaz de ballast.
  4. Installation pour la combustion d'un mélange gazeux combustible, contenant un gaz d'hydrocarbure et d'hydrogène, une quantité d'air suffisante pour la combustion complète du gaz d'hydrocarbure ou d'hydrogène, et un gaz de ballast sensiblement non combustible, ladite installation comprenant un espace de pression (27) auquel est fourni un mélange gazeux combustible par une conduite d'alimentation (25), et un espace de combustion (29) dans lequel le mélange gazeux est brûlé, les deux espaces étant au moins partiellement délimités par une plaque de combustion (1; 6; 12; 15; 18); des moyens de compression (26) pour engendrer une pression dans l'espace de pression (27) supérieure à la pression de l'espace de combustion (29), la plaque de combustion comportant un côté d'admission situé dans l'espace de pression (27) et un côté d'évacuation situé dans l'espace de combustion (29), le mélange gazeux circulant sensiblement dans une direction à angle droit par rapport au plan de la plaque de combustion ; et des moyens d'allumage (28) disposés côté évacuation de la plaque de combustion, dans l'espace de combustion (29),
    caractérisée en ce que, entre le côté d'admission (2; 7) et le côté d'évacuation (3; 8) de la plaque de combustion (1 ; 6; 12; 15; 18), sont formées une ou plusieurs régions contenant un grand nombre de canaux étroits pour le passage des gaz, lesdites régions (4; 20) présentant une faible résistance au passage d'une valeur déterminée, dans la direction du côté d'admission vers le côté d'évacuation de la plaque de combustion, et étant délimitées par des régions (5 ; 19) à haute résistance au passage, les régions à faible résistance au passage étant au moins séparées entre elles d'une distance telle qu'à la combustion du mélange gazeux, du côté de l'évacuation de la plaque de combustion de chaque région à faible résistance au passage, il se produise une flamme qui est au moins presque séparée des flammes des autres régions à faible résistance au passage.
  5. Installation selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisée en ce que l'espace de combustion (29) est relié à la conduite d'alimentation (25) pour ajouter une partie du mélange gazeux, après combustion de celui-ci, au mélange gazeux combustible pour servir de gaz de ballast.
  6. Installation selon la revendication 4 ou 5,
    caractérisée en ce que les canaux étroits dans la plaque de combustion forment un labyrinthe.
  7. Installation selon la revendication 4 ou 5,
    caractérisée en ce que les canaux étroits dans la plaque de combustion (1) sont droits et s'étendent en parallèle dans une direction à angle droit par rapport au plan de la plaque de combustion.
  8. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7,
    caractérisée en ce que la plus petite section transversale de chaque région à faible résistance au passage (4; 20) de la plaque de combustion (1; 6; 12; 15; 18) à faible résistance au passage située entre le côté d'admission (2; 7) et le côté d'évacuation (3; 8) vue dans le plan de la plaque de combustion, est au moins de 5 mm2 environ, et la somme des plus petites sections transversales de toutes les régions à faible résistance au passage est tout au plus de 70% de la région de surface de la plaque de combustion côté évacuation, et plus particulièrement d'au moins 10% environ et d'au plus 50% environ de la région de surface de la plaque de combustion côté évacuation, ou encore plus particulièrement d'au moins 20% environ et d'au plus 40% environ de la région de la surface de la plaque de combustion côté évacuation.
  9. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 8,
    caractérisée en ce que les régions (4; 20) de la plaque de combustion (1 ; 6; 12; 15; 18) à faible résistance au passage ont une section transversale sensiblement ronde lorsqu'on les regarde dans le plan de la plaque de combustion.
  10. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 9,
    caractérisée en ce que la plaque de combustion comprend une plaque de base (9; 13; 16) en une matière sensiblement étanche aux gaz, ladite plaque de base étant munie de trous (10; 17) dont les bords déterminent les limites des régions (4; 20) à faible résistance au passage, la plaque de base comprenant également une structure (11; 14) perméable aux gaz qui s'étend sur au moins la section transversale des trous.
  11. Installation selon la revendication 10,
    caractérisée en ce que la structure perméable aux gaz (11; 14) a la forme d'une plaque sensiblement plane qui couvre la plaque de base.
  12. Installation selon la revendication 10 ou 11,
    caractérisée en ce que les trous (10; 17) dans la plaque de base (9; 13; 16) sont au moins partiellement remplis par la structure perméable aux gaz (11; 14).
  13. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12,
    caractérisée en ce que la plaque de base (9; 13; 16) est une plaque métallique perforée.
  14. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 9,
    caractérisée en ce que la plaque de combustion (18) est une plaque perméable aux gaz localement densifiée.
  15. Installation selon la revendication 14,
    caractérisée en ce que la plaque de combustion est localement densifiée en l'imprégnant d'une matière de remplissage ou en la comprimant partiellement.
  16. Installation selon la revendication 14 ou 15,
    caractérisée en ce que la plaque de combustion (18) a une structure en mousse ou consiste en deux structures en mousse présentant une perméabilité différente aux gaz.
  17. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 15,
    caractérisée en ce que les régions à faible résistance au passage (4; 20) de la plaque de combustion sont réalisées en fibres métalliques ou en fibres d'oxyde d'aluminium.
EP92921500A 1991-10-03 1992-10-02 Procede et installation de combustion d'un melange gazeux Expired - Lifetime EP0605645B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL9101668 1991-10-03
NL9101668A NL9101668A (nl) 1991-10-03 1991-10-03 Branderplaat en brander voor een gasmengsel met een hoge luchtfactor.
PCT/NL1992/000172 WO1993007420A1 (fr) 1991-10-03 1992-10-02 Procede et installation de combustion d'un melange gazeux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0605645A1 EP0605645A1 (fr) 1994-07-13
EP0605645B1 true EP0605645B1 (fr) 1997-02-12

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ID=19859773

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92921500A Expired - Lifetime EP0605645B1 (fr) 1991-10-03 1992-10-02 Procede et installation de combustion d'un melange gazeux

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0605645B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69217500T2 (fr)
NL (1) NL9101668A (fr)
WO (1) WO1993007420A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL9400280A (nl) * 1994-02-23 1995-10-02 Stichting Energie Werkwijze voor de verbranding van hoogreaktieve gasvormige lucht/brandstof-mengsels en branderinrichting voor het uitvoeren van deze werkwijze.
JP3695201B2 (ja) * 1998-04-08 2005-09-14 リンナイ株式会社 燃焼用バーナプレート
GB2394275B (en) * 2002-08-14 2005-09-21 Hamworthy Combustion Eng Ltd Burner and method of burning gas in a furnace
DE10251548A1 (de) * 2002-11-05 2004-05-19 Cramer Sr, S.R.O. Leistungsoptimierter Strahlungsbrenner
DE102014206372A1 (de) * 2014-04-03 2015-10-08 Vaillant Gmbh Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungssystem
EP4088064A1 (fr) * 2020-01-08 2022-11-16 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Brûleur à gaz et appareil chauffant
NL2024623B1 (en) * 2020-01-08 2021-09-07 Bekaert Combustion Tech Bv Gas burner and heating appliance
DE102021103800A1 (de) * 2021-02-18 2022-08-18 Viessmann Climate Solutions Se Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Gasbrenners

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE26752T1 (de) 1982-04-28 1987-05-15 Ruhrgas Ag Gaswassererhitzer.
US4673349A (en) * 1984-12-20 1987-06-16 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. High temperature surface combustion burner
AU583674B2 (en) * 1985-10-25 1989-05-04 Rinnai Corporation Combustion heater
GB8620228D0 (en) * 1986-08-20 1986-10-01 Valor Heating Ltd Gas burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69217500T2 (de) 1997-05-28
WO1993007420A1 (fr) 1993-04-15
EP0605645A1 (fr) 1994-07-13
NL9101668A (nl) 1993-05-03
DE69217500D1 (de) 1997-03-27

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