EP0575254A1 - Method and device for spraying a liquid using at least an auxiliairy fluid - Google Patents

Method and device for spraying a liquid using at least an auxiliairy fluid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0575254A1
EP0575254A1 EP93401556A EP93401556A EP0575254A1 EP 0575254 A1 EP0575254 A1 EP 0575254A1 EP 93401556 A EP93401556 A EP 93401556A EP 93401556 A EP93401556 A EP 93401556A EP 0575254 A1 EP0575254 A1 EP 0575254A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
flow
annular
gas
channel
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Granted
Application number
EP93401556A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0575254B1 (en
Inventor
François Renault
Didier Quevillon
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Total Marketing Services SA
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Total Raffinage Distribution SA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/26—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets
    • B05B1/262—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0433—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of gas surrounded by an external conduit of liquid upstream the mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0491—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid the liquid and the gas being mixed at least twice along the flow path of the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/12—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle
    • F23D11/14—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle with a single outlet, e.g. slit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/11101—Pulverising gas flow impinging on fuel from pre-filming surface, e.g. lip atomizers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for spraying a liquid using an auxiliary fluid such as a gas.
  • this process is characterized in that the ratio of the total mass of gas to the total liquid mass is less than 0.5.
  • the speeds of the primary and secondary gas flows are sonic at the height of the edge.
  • the distribution of the liquid droplets is not optimal and can in certain cases lead to the formation of a long and slightly smoky flame at its center, which reflects poor combustion of the atomized liquid, due to an air defect along the axis of the spray.
  • injectors of a conventional type it is possible to adjust the distribution of the liquid droplets within the jet by varying various parameters. So with mechanical sprayers you can vary the dimensions of the gyration chamber or modify the turbulence of the jet. Likewise, with pneumatic sprayers, use may be made of a diffuser constituted by a suitable nozzle on the sprayer and pierced with calibrated holes inclined at a determined angle relative to the axis of the sprayer.
  • the Applicant has established that a simple and easy to implement means for obtaining an adequate distribution of the liquid droplets, without altering the quality of the spraying carried out by these devices with annular sheet of liquid, consists in placing at least one obstacle in through part of the sheet of liquid, this obstacle having the effect of tearing this sheet locally and creating a discontinuity there, which modifies the trajectory of the droplets.
  • the problem to be solved in this case is not the same as for a heavy fuel oil sprayer, where the pressure in the spraying zone is less than 3 bar absolute and even, in general, less than 2 bar absolute.
  • the ratio of the total mass of gas to the total mass of liquid will be less than 0.5.
  • this device will comprise a plurality of obstacles distributed regularly with respect to the direction of flow of the flow of the liquid.
  • These obstacles may be constituted by planar legs projecting downstream from the annular wall shaped as an edge, substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow of the droplets.
  • the orientation of these legs will be adjustable.
  • the tabs forming an obstacle may be carried by the same crown fixed, for example, by screwing to the downstream end of the device.
  • the obstacles placed on the route sprayed droplets will permanently tear the droplet sheet into several separate jets which will not come together, further downstream, in a single jet.
  • the obstacles placed in a plane transverse to the direction of flow of these droplets occupy a part of the cross section of the droplet sheet less than 20 % and preferably 10% of this cross section.
  • the device according to the invention In its application to the spraying of heavy and viscous liquid fuels, with a view to their combustion in a chamber where the pressure is less than 3 bars, preferably 2 bars, the device according to the invention has proved to be particularly useful, because it appreciably reduces the amount of unburnt and the fumes from combustion. Surprisingly, in this use, the device according to the invention also produces much less polluting products, in particular nitrogen oxides.
  • the sprayer 1 shown in the drawings and intended to equip an oven for the combustion of heavy fuel oil is incorporated in an external body 2 of cylindrical section, secured to a rod, not shown, fixing everything to the wall of the oven.
  • All the parts of the injector are parts of revolution around the axis AA ′.
  • the tube 3 is the main water vapor supply tube for the sprayer, via the internal cylindrical channel 9 of the tube 3, connected to a source of steam not shown.
  • the external wall 10 of the tube 3 and the internal wall 11 of the external body 2 constitute an annular channel 12 for supplying heavy fuel oil, connected to a source of heavy fuel not shown.
  • the channel 9 supplies water vapor to a cylindrical central internal chamber 13, arranged in the central body 4.
  • cylindrical channels 14 In the central body 4 are provided cylindrical channels 14, the inlets 16 of which are arranged at the entrance to the chamber 13 and the outlets 17 of which open into an annular chamber 18 arranged in the distributor 5.
  • the channels 14 not visible on the sections have not been shown in broken lines, as is customary.
  • central body 4 In the central body 4 are also provided cylindrical channels 19, the inputs 20 of which are arranged at the downstream end of the chamber 13 and the outputs 21 open into inlets 22 of corresponding cylindrical channels 23, arranged in the distributor 6, by means of a groove 21 'forming an annular distribution channel.
  • annular channel 23 ′ formed by a portion of the internal wall of the end piece 7 and of the internal wall 32 ′ of the distributor 6 forming the edge with the external wall 32 of said distributor.
  • central body 4 In the central body 4 are further arranged cylindrical channels 24, only two of which have been shown for clarity, the inlets 25 of which are located at the end of the channel 12 and the outlets 26 of which open into an annular channel 27 .
  • the walls of this channel are constituted by a bevelled portion 28 of the body 4 and by a portion of the internal wall 29 of the distributor 5.
  • the channel 27 is extended by an annular channel 30, the walls of which are constituted by a portion of the internal wall 31 of the external body 2 and a portion of the external wall 32 of the distributor 6, which constitutes the edge on which the liquid prefilm, which can be smooth or serrated.
  • the channel 30 is extended by a circular channel 33 in the form of a ring and possibly of a venturi, the walls of which consist of a portion 34 of the internal wall of the external body 2 and a portion 35 of the external wall of the end piece 7
  • a circular channel 33 in the form of a ring and possibly of a venturi, the walls of which consist of a portion 34 of the internal wall of the external body 2 and a portion 35 of the external wall of the end piece 7
  • the channel 33 is in the form of a venturi, part of the kinetic energy of the gas is transformed into pressure.
  • the annular chamber 18 is connected to the channel 30 by cylindrical channels 36, arranged in the distributor 5 and extended by an annular channel 38, constituted by a portion 37 of the exterior wall of the distributor 5 and a portion 39 of the interior wall of the body. external 2.
  • the heavy fuel is brought through the annular channel 12, the cylindrical channels 24, the annular channel 27 to the annular channel 30.
  • the flow of heavy fuel oil is pressed against the external wall 32 of the distributor 6 by an external peripheral flow of water vapor.
  • This external peripheral flow comes from a main water vapor flow, brought by the internal channel 9, a part of which penetrates into the inlets 16 is conducted by the cylindrical channels 14 in the annular chamber 18 then in the cylindrical channels 36 and the annular channel 38.
  • the fuel film formed by the action of the flow of primary peripheral water vapor internally receives a flow of secondary peripheral water vapor. This comes from chamber 13, via inputs 20, channels 19 and 23.
  • the heavy fuel oil is thus finely divided in the annular channel 33 and sprayed into fine droplets at the outlet thereof.
  • a crown 40 carrying four legs 41 distributed regularly with respect to the axis AA and arranged projecting opposite the orifice of the annular channel 33.
  • the legs 41 are arranged transversely to the sheet of droplets of sprayed liquid.
  • these tabs 41 advantageously occupy less than 20% and, preferably, less than 10% of the cross section of the droplet sheet and they tear it into four separate jets, which do not reform into a single sheet downstream of these legs.
  • the width l of the legs is 1.5 mm and 2 mm depending on the type of device.
  • the exit angle of the jet relative to the axis AA ′ is 30 °.
  • the spraying test was carried out using an oil having a density, at 15 ° C, of 850 kg / m3 (measured according to AFNOR standard NFT 60-101) and a viscosity of 300 mm2 / s , at 20 ° C, (measured according to standard AFNOR NFT 60-100).
  • the oil flow rate was 200 kg / h and the pressure was 6.105 pascals.
  • Nitrogen was used as auxiliary fluid at a mass rate of 0.2 with respect to the oil, the nitrogen pressure being 6.105 pascals.
  • the diameter of the droplets at the outlet of the sprayer was 85.10 ⁇ 3 mm and was not affected by the presence of obstacles 41.
  • the spraying operating pressure was also very little affected by the presence of obstacles.
  • the liquid flow rate expressed in kg / m2 was measured as a function of the distance from the spray axis, at 25cm and 50cm respectively from the slot 33 of the sprayer.
  • the curve C1 relates to the injector without obstacles 41
  • the curve C2 relates to the injector equipped with four obstacles 41 made up of legs 1.5 mm wide
  • the curve C3 relates to the injector fitted with four obstacles made up of legs 2 mm wide.
  • the curve C4 relates to a conventional injector used in the industry. This control injector is different from that described in application No. 90.06447 and does not include a breakwater, but includes a diffuser as indicated above (page 3, lines 3-6).

Abstract

The device according to the invention comprises: a) at least one pipe (24) for admission of said liquid into a first annular channel (27) for liquid, b) at least one pipe (14) for admission of said primary gas into a second annular channel for primary gas, c) at least one pipe (19) for admission of said secondary gas into a third annular channel (23') for secondary gas. According to the invention, this device comprises, downstream of the annular wall shaped in the form of a ridge, arranged transversely to the flow of liquid, at least one obstacle (41) capable of opposing locally the passage of the sprayed droplets. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour la pulvérisation d'un liquide à l'aide d'un fluide auxiliaire tel qu'un gaz.The present invention relates to a method and a device for spraying a liquid using an auxiliary fluid such as a gas.

Dans sa demande de brevet français FR-A-2 662 377, la Demanderesse a proposé un procédé de pulvérisation d'un liquide à l'aide d'au moins un fluide auxiliaire tel qu'un gaz, comprenant la mise en oeuvre :

  • d'un flux annulaire dudit liquide,
  • d'un flux annulaire d'un gaz primaire,
  • d'un flux annulaire d'un gaz secondaire, identique ou non au précédent.
In its French patent application FR-A-2 662 377, the Applicant has proposed a process for spraying a liquid using at least one auxiliary fluid such as a gas, comprising the implementation:
  • an annular flow of said liquid,
  • an annular flow of a primary gas,
  • an annular flow of a secondary gas, identical or not to the previous one.

Ce procédé consiste :

  • a) à conduire le flux de liquide à l'intérieur dudit flux de gaz primaire dans le sens d'écoulement de celui-ci,
  • b) à réaliser un film mince annulaire de liquide, en conduisant les flux coaxiaux de liquide et de gaz primaire sur la périphérie d'un anneau dont l'une des extrémités libres est conformée en forme d'arête,
  • c) à pulvériser le liquide à l'extrémité de ladite arête par l'action combinée dudit flux de gaz primaire et du flux de gaz secondaire s'écoulant à l'intérieur de l'anneau dans le même sens que ledit flux de liquide et ledit flux de gaz primaire.
This process consists of:
  • a) directing the flow of liquid inside said flow of primary gas in the direction of flow thereof,
  • b) producing an annular thin film of liquid, by conducting the coaxial flows of liquid and primary gas on the periphery of a ring, one of the free ends of which is shaped like an edge,
  • c) spraying the liquid at the end of said edge by the combined action of said primary gas flow and the secondary gas flow flowing inside the ring in the same direction as said liquid flow and said primary gas flow.

Selon la demande de brevet précitée, ce procédé est caractérisé en ce que le rapport de la masse totale de gaz par rapport à la masse totale liquide est inférieur à 0,5. Les vitesses des flux de gaz primaire et secondaire sont soniques à la hauteur de l'arête.According to the aforementioned patent application, this process is characterized in that the ratio of the total mass of gas to the total liquid mass is less than 0.5. The speeds of the primary and secondary gas flows are sonic at the height of the edge.

Dans cette demande de brevet est également décrit un dispositif de pulvérisation mettant en oeuvre ce procédé et l'utilisation de ce dispositif et de ce procédé pour la pulvérisation de combustibles liquides, notamment de combustibles lourds et visqueux, en vue de leur combustion. Les gaz utilisés peuvent être de l'air, de la vapeur d'eau, du gaz de raffinerie, dans le cas de la combustion d'un fuel, ou de la vapeur d'eau, dans le cas d'une pulvérisation préalable dudit fuel.In this patent application is also described a spraying device implementing this process and the use of this device and of this process for spraying liquid fuels, in particular heavy and viscous fuels, with a view to their combustion. The gases used can be air, steam, refinery gas, in the case of combustion of a fuel oil, or steam, in the case of a prior spraying of said fuel.

Cette technique de pulvérisation dans laquelle on forme d'abord un film de liquide, qui s'épanouit ensuite en une nappe à section annulaire de gouttelettes, sous l'action conjointe de deux flux de gaz, est connue de façon générale sous l'appellation d'injection avec formation de préfilm et, dans la demande de brevet français précitée, on mentionne l'état de la technique suivant :

  • la pulvérisation de combustible dans les turbines à gaz (voir "The development of an air blast atomizer for gas turbine application", par A.H. LEFEBVRE et D. MILLER. Granfield College of Aeronautics, Report n° 193, Juin 1966, ou "Influence of liquid properties on airblast atomizer spray characteristics", par A.A. RIZKALLA et A.H. LEFEBVRE, Journal of Engineering for Power, Avril 1975, pages 173 à 179 ;
  • la pulvérisation de mélanges charbon-eau (voir "A new burner design for CWS combustion", par S.K. BATRA et W.A. WALSH Jr., Fifth International Symposium on Coal Slurry Combustion and Technology, 25-27 Avril 1983, TAMPA, Floride).
This spraying technique in which a film of liquid is first formed, which then expands into a sheet with an annular section of droplets, under the joint action of two gas flows, is generally known under the name injection with prefilm formation and, in the aforementioned French patent application, the following state of the art is mentioned:
  • fuel spraying in gas turbines (see "The development of an air blast atomizer for gas turbine application", by AH LEFEBVRE and D. MILLER. Granfield College of Aeronautics, Report n ° 193, June 1966, or "Influence of liquid properties on airblast atomizer spray characteristics ", by AA RIZKALLA and AH LEFEBVRE, Journal of Engineering for Power, April 1975, pages 173 to 179;
  • spraying coal-water mixtures (see "A new burner design for CWS combustion", by SK BATRA and WA WALSH Jr., Fifth International Symposium on Coal Slurry Combustion and Technology, April 25-27, 1983, TAMPA, Florida).

En poursuivant ses travaux sur cette technique, la Demanderesse a observé l'apparition d'une forte concentration de gouttelettes de liquide dans la région avoisinant l'axe de la nappe de pulvérisation.While continuing to work on this technique, the Applicant has observed the appearance of a high concentration of liquid droplets in the region around the axis of the spray sheet.

Dans l'application de ces dispositifs à la pulvérisation d'un combustible liquide, la répartition des gouttelettes de liquide n'est pas optimale et peut conduire dans certains cas à la formation d'une flamme longue et légèrement fumeuse en son centre, ce qui traduit une mauvaise combustion du liquide atomisé, due à un défaut d'air suivant l'axe du jet pulvérisé.In the application of these devices to the spraying of a liquid fuel, the distribution of the liquid droplets is not optimal and can in certain cases lead to the formation of a long and slightly smoky flame at its center, which reflects poor combustion of the atomized liquid, due to an air defect along the axis of the spray.

Avec des injecteurs d'un type conventionnel, il est possible de régler la répartition des gouttelettes liquides au sein du jet en jouant sur divers paramètres. C'est ainsi qu'avec des pulvérisateurs mécaniques on peut faire varier les dimensions de la chambre de giration ou modifier la turbulence du jet. De même, avec des pulvérisateurs pneumatiques, on peut avoir recours à un diffuseur constitué par un embout adapté sur le pulvérisateur et percé de trous calibrés inclinés d'un angle déterminé par rapport à l'axe du pulvérisateur.With injectors of a conventional type, it is possible to adjust the distribution of the liquid droplets within the jet by varying various parameters. So with mechanical sprayers you can vary the dimensions of the gyration chamber or modify the turbulence of the jet. Likewise, with pneumatic sprayers, use may be made of a diffuser constituted by a suitable nozzle on the sprayer and pierced with calibrated holes inclined at a determined angle relative to the axis of the sprayer.

Dans le cas des pulvérisateurs utilisant la technique d'injection avec formation d'un préfilm, il est possible d'effectuer des réglages pour améliorer la répartition des gouttelettes du liquide et la combustion de celles-ci, en jouant sur l'angle du canal d'injection, mais ceci n'est pas toujours suffisant.In the case of sprayers using the injection technique with formation of a prefilm, it is possible to make adjustments to improve the distribution of the droplets of the liquid and the combustion of these, by playing on the angle of the channel injection, but this is not always sufficient.

Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, on pourrait envisager de disposer un diffuseur en aval du dispositif de pulvérisation. La Demanderesse a toutefois constaté qu'un tel diffuseur dégrade sensiblement la qualité de la pulvérisation de liquide, qui n'est alors guère supérieure à celle obtenue avec un pulvérisateur classique.To overcome this drawback, one could envisage having a diffuser downstream of the spraying device. The Applicant has however noted that such a diffuser significantly degrades the quality of the liquid spraying, which is then hardly superior to that obtained with a conventional sprayer.

La Demanderesse a établi qu'un moyen simple et facile à mettre en oeuvre pour obtenir une répartition adéquate des gouttelettes de liquide, sans altérer la qualité de la pulvérisation réalisée par ces dispositifs à nappe annulaire de liquide, consiste à placer au moins un obstacle en travers d'une partie de la nappe de liquide, cet obstacle ayant pour effet de déchirer localement cette nappe et d'y créer une discontinuité, qui modifie la trajectoire des gouttelettes.The Applicant has established that a simple and easy to implement means for obtaining an adequate distribution of the liquid droplets, without altering the quality of the spraying carried out by these devices with annular sheet of liquid, consists in placing at least one obstacle in through part of the sheet of liquid, this obstacle having the effect of tearing this sheet locally and creating a discontinuity there, which modifies the trajectory of the droplets.

Il est déjà connu, selon GB 1 113 969, d'adapter sur un injecteur mécanique pour turbine à gaz, destiné à la pulvérisation dans une chambre de combustion fonctionnant à haute pression (environ 8 bars), un élément 37 formant obstacle au jet de liquide et destiné à améliorer la pulvérisation de celui-ci.It is already known, according to GB 1,113,969, to adapt on a mechanical injector for a gas turbine, intended for spraying in a combustion chamber operating at high pressure (approximately 8 bars), an element 37 forming an obstacle to the jet of liquid and intended to improve the spraying thereof.

Le problème à résoudre dans ce cas n'est pas le même que pour un pulvérisateur de fuel lourd, où la pression dans la zone de pulvérisation est inférieure à 3 bars absolus et même, en général, inférieure à 2 bars absolus.The problem to be solved in this case is not the same as for a heavy fuel oil sprayer, where the pressure in the spraying zone is less than 3 bar absolute and even, in general, less than 2 bar absolute.

En outre, dans l'injecteur selon GB 1 113 969, il n'y a pas formation de préfilm et le liquide à pulvériser est mis en rotation.In addition, in the injector according to GB 1 113 969, there is no formation of prefilm and the liquid to be sprayed is rotated.

L'invention a par conséquent pour objet un procédé de pulvérisation d'un liquide à l'aide d'au moins un fluide auxiliaire tel qu'un gaz, ce procédé comprenant la mise en oeuvre :

  • d'un flux annulaire dudit liquide,
  • d'un flux annulaire d'un gaz primaire,
  • d'un flux annulaire d'un gaz secondaire, identique ou non au précédent,

ce procédé consistant :
  • a) à conduire le flux de liquide à l'intérieur dudit flux de gaz primaire dans le sens d'écoulement de celui-ci,
  • b) à réaliser un film mince annulaire de liquide, en conduisant les flux coaxiaux de liquide et de gaz primaire sur la périphérie d'un anneau dont l'une des extrémités libres est conformée en forme d'arête,
  • c) à pulvériser le liquide à l'extrémité de ladite arête par l'action combinée dudit flux de gaz primaire et du flux de gaz secondaire s'écoulant à l'intérieur de l'anneau dans le même sens que ledit flux de liquide et ledit flux de gaz primaire,

ce procédé étant caractérisé en ce que, en aval de l'extrémité conformée en forme d'arête, on déchire la nappe de gouttelettes pulvérisées en une pluralité de jets distincts à l'aide d'au moins un obstacle disposé transversalement audit flux de liquide. L'ensemble des obstacles est appelé brise-voile.The subject of the invention is therefore a process for spraying a liquid using at least one auxiliary fluid such as a gas, this process comprising the implementation:
  • an annular flow of said liquid,
  • an annular flow of a primary gas,
  • an annular flow of a secondary gas, identical or not to the previous one,

this process consisting:
  • a) directing the flow of liquid inside said flow of primary gas in the direction of flow thereof,
  • b) producing an annular thin film of liquid, by conducting the coaxial flows of liquid and primary gas on the periphery of a ring, one of the free ends of which is shaped like an edge,
  • c) spraying the liquid at the end of said edge by the combined action of said primary gas flow and the secondary gas flow flowing inside the ring in the same direction as said liquid flow and said primary gas flow,

this process being characterized in that, downstream of the end shaped as an edge, the sheet of sprayed droplets is torn into a plurality of separate jets using at least one obstacle arranged transversely to said flow of liquid . The set of obstacles is called a breakwater.

Avantageusement, comme décrit dans la demande de brevet précitée, le rapport de la masse totale de gaz à la masse totale de liquide sera inférieur à 0,5.Advantageously, as described in the aforementioned patent application, the ratio of the total mass of gas to the total mass of liquid will be less than 0.5.

L'invention a aussi pour objet un dispositif de pulvérisation d'un flux de liquide à l'aide d'au moins un fluide auxiliaire tel qu'un gaz, pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé ci-dessus, par réalisation :

  • d'un flux annulaire dudit liquide,
  • d'un flux annulaire d'un gaz primaire,
  • d'un flux annulaire d'un gaz secondaire, identique ou non au précédent,

ce dispositif comprenant :
  • a) au moins un conduit d'amenée dudit liquide dans un premier canal annulaire de liquide,
  • b) au moins un conduit d'amenée dudit gaz primaire dans un second canal annulaire de gaz primaire,
  • c) au moins un conduit d'amenée dudit gaz secondaire dans un troisième canal annulaire de gaz secondaire, les sorties des canaux annulaires étant disposées de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur du dispositif de telle façon que la sortie du premier canal et la sortie du second canal débouchent conjointement dans un quatrième canal annulaire, qui conduit le mélange de liquide et de gaz primaire à la sortie du troisième canal, le mélange de liquide et des gaz primaire et secondaire étant conduit à l'extérieur du dispositif par un cinquième canal annulaire formant éventuellement un venturi, la paroi interne du quatrième canal annulaire étant conformée en forme d'arête,

ce dispositif étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, en aval de la paroi annulaire conformée en forme d'arête, disposé transversalement au flux de liquide, au moins un obstacle apte à s'opposer localement au passage des gouttelettes pulvérisées.The subject of the invention is also a device for spraying a flow of liquid with the aid of at least one auxiliary fluid such as a gas, for implementing the above method, by carrying out:
  • an annular flow of said liquid,
  • an annular flow of a primary gas,
  • an annular flow of a secondary gas, identical or not to the previous one,

this device comprising:
  • a) at least one conduit for supplying said liquid into a first annular liquid channel,
  • b) at least one conduit for supplying said primary gas into a second annular primary gas channel,
  • c) at least one conduit for supplying said secondary gas into a third annular secondary gas channel, the outlets of the annular channels being arranged from the outside towards the inside of the device so that the outlet of the first channel and the outlet of the second channel lead jointly into a fourth annular channel, which leads the mixture of liquid and primary gas to the outlet of the third channel, the mixture of liquid and primary and secondary gases being led to the outside of the device by a fifth channel annular possibly forming a venturi, the internal wall of the fourth annular channel being shaped as an edge,

this device being characterized in that it comprises, downstream of the annular wall shaped as an edge, arranged transversely to the flow of liquid, at least one obstacle capable of locally opposing the passage of the sprayed droplets.

Avantageusement, ce dispositif comprendra une pluralité d'obstacles répartis régulièrement par rapport à la direction d'écoulement du flux du liquide.Advantageously, this device will comprise a plurality of obstacles distributed regularly with respect to the direction of flow of the flow of the liquid.

Ces obstacles pourront être constitués par des pattes planes faisant saillie en aval de la paroi annulaire conformée en forme d'arête, sensiblement perpendiculaires à la direction d'écoulement des gouttelettes. De préférence, l'orientation de ces pattes sera réglable.These obstacles may be constituted by planar legs projecting downstream from the annular wall shaped as an edge, substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow of the droplets. Preferably, the orientation of these legs will be adjustable.

Les pattes formant obstacle pourront être portées par une même couronne fixée, par exemple, par vissage à l'extrémité aval du dispositif.The tabs forming an obstacle may be carried by the same crown fixed, for example, by screwing to the downstream end of the device.

De préférence, les obstacles disposés sur le trajet des gouttelettes pulvérisées déchireront de façon durable la nappe de gouttelettes en plusieurs jets distincts qui ne se réuniront pas, plus en aval, en un unique jet.Preferably, the obstacles placed on the route sprayed droplets will permanently tear the droplet sheet into several separate jets which will not come together, further downstream, in a single jet.

Avantageusement, pour ne pas altérer la qualité de la dispersion de liquide et le diamètre des gouttelettes dispersées, les obstacles disposés dans un plan transversal au sens d'écoulement de ces gouttelettes occupent une partie de la section transversale de la nappe de gouttelettes inférieure à 20% et, de préférence, à 10% de cette section transversale.Advantageously, in order not to alter the quality of the liquid dispersion and the diameter of the dispersed droplets, the obstacles placed in a plane transverse to the direction of flow of these droplets occupy a part of the cross section of the droplet sheet less than 20 % and preferably 10% of this cross section.

Dans son application à la pulvérisation de combustibles liquides lourds et visqueux, en vue de leur combustion dans une chambre où la pression est inférieure à 3 bars, de préférence à 2 bars, le dispositif conforme à l'invention s'est révélé particulièrement utile, car il réduit de façon appréciable la quantité d'imbrûlés et les fumées provenant de la combustion. De façon surprenante, dans cette utilisation, le dispositif conforme à l'invention produit également beaucoup moins de produits polluants, notamment d'oxydes d'azote.In its application to the spraying of heavy and viscous liquid fuels, with a view to their combustion in a chamber where the pressure is less than 3 bars, preferably 2 bars, the device according to the invention has proved to be particularly useful, because it appreciably reduces the amount of unburnt and the fumes from combustion. Surprisingly, in this use, the device according to the invention also produces much less polluting products, in particular nitrogen oxides.

Une forme de réalisation de l'invention, dans son application au dispositif faisant l'objet de la demande de brevet français précitée, va maintenant être décrite ci-après, à titre d'exemple non limitatif. Dans cette description, on se référera aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une coupe longitudinale du dispositif;
  • La figure 2 est une vue de face du dispositif ;
  • La figure 3 est une vue de détail en coupe de l'un des obstacles du dispositif ;
  • Les figures 4 et 5 sont des diagrammes illustrant des résultats d'essais effectués avec le dispositif conforme à l'invention, qui seront décrits ci-après.
An embodiment of the invention, in its application to the device which is the subject of the aforementioned French patent application, will now be described below, by way of non-limiting example. In this description, reference will be made to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the device;
  • Figure 2 is a front view of the device;
  • Figure 3 is a detailed sectional view of one of the obstacles of the device;
  • Figures 4 and 5 are diagrams illustrating the results of tests carried out with the device according to the invention, which will be described below.

Comme décrit dans la demande de brevet précitée, le pulvérisateur 1 représenté sur les dessins et destiné à équiper un four pour la combustion d'un fuel lourd, est incorporé dans un corps externe 2 de section cylindrique, solidaire d'une canne, non représentée, fixant le tout à la paroi du four.As described in the aforementioned patent application, the sprayer 1 shown in the drawings and intended to equip an oven for the combustion of heavy fuel oil, is incorporated in an external body 2 of cylindrical section, secured to a rod, not shown, fixing everything to the wall of the oven.

Le pulvérisateur proprement dit est composé de plusieurs pièces, incorporées ou fixées au corps externe 2, à savoir :

  • un tube cylindrique principal d'alimentation en vapeur d'eau 3,
  • un corps central d'injecteur 4,
  • un distributeur périphérique de vapeur d'eau 5,
  • un distributeur central de vapeur d'eau 6,
  • un embout 7,
  • un élément de fixation tel qu'une vis 8,
  • éventuellement, une pièce calibrée en forme de venturi 50 disposée dans le tube 3, destinée à maintenir le débit de gaz aussi constant que possible.
The sprayer itself is composed of several parts, incorporated or fixed to the external body 2, namely:
  • a main cylindrical water supply tube 3,
  • a central injector body 4,
  • a peripheral steam distributor 5,
  • a central steam distributor 6,
  • a nozzle 7,
  • a fixing element such as a screw 8,
  • optionally, a calibrated piece in the form of a venturi 50 disposed in the tube 3, intended to keep the gas flow as constant as possible.

Toutes les pièces de l'injecteur sont des pièces de révolution autour de l'axe A-A'.All the parts of the injector are parts of revolution around the axis AA ′.

Le tube 3 est le tube principal d'alimentation en vapeur d'eau du pulvérisateur, par le canal cylindrique interne 9 du tube 3, relié à une source de vapeur non représentée.The tube 3 is the main water vapor supply tube for the sprayer, via the internal cylindrical channel 9 of the tube 3, connected to a source of steam not shown.

La paroi externe 10 du tube 3 et la paroi interne 11 du corps externe 2 constituent un canal annulaire 12 d'alimentation en fuel lourd, relié à une source de fuel lourd non représentée.The external wall 10 of the tube 3 and the internal wall 11 of the external body 2 constitute an annular channel 12 for supplying heavy fuel oil, connected to a source of heavy fuel not shown.

Le canal 9 alimente en vapeur d'eau une chambre interne centrale cylindrique 13, aménagée dans le corps central 4.The channel 9 supplies water vapor to a cylindrical central internal chamber 13, arranged in the central body 4.

Dans le corps central 4 sont prévus des canaux cylindriques 14, dont les entrées 16 sont disposées à l'entrée de la chambre 13 et dont les sorties 17 débouchent dans une chambre annulaire 18 aménagée dans le distributeur 5. Afin de ne pas surcharger les figures, les canaux 14 non visibles sur les coupes n'ont pas été représentés en lignes interrompues, comme il est d'usage.In the central body 4 are provided cylindrical channels 14, the inlets 16 of which are arranged at the entrance to the chamber 13 and the outlets 17 of which open into an annular chamber 18 arranged in the distributor 5. In order not to overload the figures , the channels 14 not visible on the sections have not been shown in broken lines, as is customary.

Dans le corps central 4 sont également prévus des canaux cylindriques 19, dont les entrées 20 sont disposées à l'extrémité aval de la chambre 13 et dont les sorties 21 débouchent dans des entrées 22 de canaux correspondants cylindriques 23, aménagés dans le distributeur 6, par l'intermédiaire d'une gorge 21' formant un canal annulaire de distribution.In the central body 4 are also provided cylindrical channels 19, the inputs 20 of which are arranged at the downstream end of the chamber 13 and the outputs 21 open into inlets 22 of corresponding cylindrical channels 23, arranged in the distributor 6, by means of a groove 21 'forming an annular distribution channel.

A la sortie des canaux 23, se trouve un canal annulaire 23', formé par une portion de la paroi interne de l'embout 7 et de la paroi interne 32' du distributeur 6 formant l'arête avec la paroi externe 32 dudit distributeur.At the outlet of the channels 23, there is an annular channel 23 ′, formed by a portion of the internal wall of the end piece 7 and of the internal wall 32 ′ of the distributor 6 forming the edge with the external wall 32 of said distributor.

Afin de ne pas surcharger les figures, les canaux 19 et 21, non visibles sur les coupes, n'ont pas été non plus représentés en traits interrompusIn order not to overload the figures, the channels 19 and 21, not visible on the sections, have also not been shown in broken lines

Dans le corps central 4 sont en outre aménagés des canaux cylindriques 24, dont deux seulement ont été représentés dans un but de clarté, dont les entrées 25 sont situées à l'extrémité du canal 12 et dont les sorties 26 débouchent dans un canal annulaire 27.In the central body 4 are further arranged cylindrical channels 24, only two of which have been shown for clarity, the inlets 25 of which are located at the end of the channel 12 and the outlets 26 of which open into an annular channel 27 .

Les parois de ce canal sont constituées par une portion biseautée 28 du corps 4 et par une portion de la paroi interne 29 du distributeur 5.The walls of this channel are constituted by a bevelled portion 28 of the body 4 and by a portion of the internal wall 29 of the distributor 5.

Le canal 27 est prolongé par un canal annulaire 30, dont les parois sont constituées par une portion de la paroi interne 31 du corps externe 2 et une portion de la paroi externe 32 du distributeur 6, qui constitue l'arête sur laquelle se forme le préfilm de liquide, laquelle peut être lisse ou dentelée.The channel 27 is extended by an annular channel 30, the walls of which are constituted by a portion of the internal wall 31 of the external body 2 and a portion of the external wall 32 of the distributor 6, which constitutes the edge on which the liquid prefilm, which can be smooth or serrated.

Le canal 30 est prolongé par un canal circulaire 33 en forme d'anneau et éventuellement de venturi, dont les parois sont constituées par une portion 34 de la paroi interne du corps externe 2 et une portion 35 de la paroi externe de l'embout 7. Lorsque le canal 33 est en forme de venturi, une partie de l'énergie cinétique du gaz est transformée en pression.The channel 30 is extended by a circular channel 33 in the form of a ring and possibly of a venturi, the walls of which consist of a portion 34 of the internal wall of the external body 2 and a portion 35 of the external wall of the end piece 7 When the channel 33 is in the form of a venturi, part of the kinetic energy of the gas is transformed into pressure.

La chambre annulaire 18 est reliée au canal 30 par des canaux cylindriques 36, aménagés dans le distributeur 5 et prolongés par un canal annulaire 38, constitué par une portion 37 de la paroi extérieure du distributeur 5 et une portion 39 de la paroi intérieure du corps externe 2.The annular chamber 18 is connected to the channel 30 by cylindrical channels 36, arranged in the distributor 5 and extended by an annular channel 38, constituted by a portion 37 of the exterior wall of the distributor 5 and a portion 39 of the interior wall of the body. external 2.

Le fonctionnement de ce pulvérisateur est en tout point semblable à celui de la demande de brevet précitée, à laquelle on pourra se référencer.The operation of this sprayer is in all respects similar to that of the aforementioned patent application, to which reference may be made.

Le fuel lourd est amené par le canal annulaire 12, les canaux cylindriques 24, le canal annulaire 27 jusqu'au canal annulaire 30.The heavy fuel is brought through the annular channel 12, the cylindrical channels 24, the annular channel 27 to the annular channel 30.

A son entrée dans ledit canal 30, le flux de fuel lourd est plaqué sur la paroi externe 32 du distributeur 6 par un flux périphérique extérieur de vapeur d'eau. Ce flux périphérique extérieur provient d'un flux principal de vapeur d'eau, amené par le canal interne 9, dont une partie pénétrant dans les entrées 16 est conduite par les canaux cylindriques 14 dans la chambre annulaire 18 puis dans les canaux cylindriques 36 et le canal annulaire 38.On entering the said channel 30, the flow of heavy fuel oil is pressed against the external wall 32 of the distributor 6 by an external peripheral flow of water vapor. This external peripheral flow comes from a main water vapor flow, brought by the internal channel 9, a part of which penetrates into the inlets 16 is conducted by the cylindrical channels 14 in the annular chamber 18 then in the cylindrical channels 36 and the annular channel 38.

A l'extrémité de la lèvre formée par l'extrémité de la paroi 32, le film de fuel formé par l'action du flux de vapeur d'eau périphérique primaire reçoit intérieurement un flux de vapeur d'eau périphérique secondaire. Celui-ci provient de la chambre 13, par l'intermédiaire des entrées 20, des canaux 19 et 23.At the end of the lip formed by the end of the wall 32, the fuel film formed by the action of the flow of primary peripheral water vapor internally receives a flow of secondary peripheral water vapor. This comes from chamber 13, via inputs 20, channels 19 and 23.

Le fuel lourd est ainsi finement divisé dans le canal annulaire 33 et pulvérisé en fines gouttelettes à la sortie de celui-ci.The heavy fuel oil is thus finely divided in the annular channel 33 and sprayed into fine droplets at the outlet thereof.

Selon la présente invention, à l'extrémité aval du corps 2 est vissée une couronne 40 portant quatre pattes 41 distribuées de façon régulière par rapport à l'axe A-A et disposées en saillie en regard de l'orifice du canal annulaire 33. Les pattes 41 sont disposées transversalement à la nappe des gouttelettes de liquide pulvérisé. Comme indiqué ci-dessus, ces pattes 41 occupent avantageusement moins de 20% et, de préférence, moins de 10% de la section transversale de la nappe de gouttelettes et elles déchirent celle-ci en quatre jets distincts, qui ne se reforment pas en une unique nappe en aval de ces pattes.According to the present invention, at the downstream end of the body 2 is screwed a crown 40 carrying four legs 41 distributed regularly with respect to the axis AA and arranged projecting opposite the orifice of the annular channel 33. The legs 41 are arranged transversely to the sheet of droplets of sprayed liquid. As indicated above, these tabs 41 advantageously occupy less than 20% and, preferably, less than 10% of the cross section of the droplet sheet and they tear it into four separate jets, which do not reform into a single sheet downstream of these legs.

On peut concevoir de fixer les pattes 41 à l'intérieur du canal annulaire 33 pour éviter les dépôts de produit pulvérisé sur le nez du pulvérisateur (les pattes 41' ainsi disposées figurent en zone sombre sur la figure 1 jointe)It is conceivable to fix the tabs 41 inside the annular channel 33 to avoid deposits of sprayed product on the nose of the sprayer (the legs 41 'thus arranged appear in the dark area in Figure 1 attached)

Les exemples qui suivent illustre les avantages du dispositif conforme à l'invention.The examples which follow illustrate the advantages of the device according to the invention.

ExempleExample

On a réalisé différents essais de pulvérisation d'une huile à l'aide de deux variantes du pulvérisateur représenté sur les figures 1 et 2 présenteront quatre pattes 41.Various tests of spraying an oil were carried out using two variants of the sprayer shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will have four tabs 41.

La largeur l des pattes est de 1, 5 mm et 2 mm suivant le type de dispositif.The width l of the legs is 1.5 mm and 2 mm depending on the type of device.

L'angle de sortie du jet par rapport à l'axe AA' est de 30°.The exit angle of the jet relative to the axis AA ′ is 30 °.

On a fait également des essais avec le même pulvérisateur mais dépourvu de pattes 41.Tests were also carried out with the same sprayer but without legs 41.

L'essai de pulvérisation a été effectué à l'aide d'une huile ayant une masse volumique, à 15°C, de 850 kg/m³ (mesurée selon la norme AFNOR NFT 60-101) et une viscosité de 300 mm²/s, à 20°C, (mesurée selon la norme AFNOR NFT 60-100).The spraying test was carried out using an oil having a density, at 15 ° C, of 850 kg / m³ (measured according to AFNOR standard NFT 60-101) and a viscosity of 300 mm² / s , at 20 ° C, (measured according to standard AFNOR NFT 60-100).

Le débit d'huile était de 200 kg/h et la pression de 6.10⁵ pascals.The oil flow rate was 200 kg / h and the pressure was 6.10⁵ pascals.

On a utilisé comme fluide auxiliaire de l'azote à un taux massique de 0,2 par rapport à l'huile, la pression de l'azote étant de 6.10⁵ pascals.Nitrogen was used as auxiliary fluid at a mass rate of 0.2 with respect to the oil, the nitrogen pressure being 6.10⁵ pascals.

Le diamètre des gouttelettes à la sortie du pulvérisateur, mesuré à l'aide d'un granulomètre à laser, était de 85.10⁻³ mm et n'était pas affecté par la présence des obstacles 41. La pression de fonctionnement de pulvérisation était également très peu affectée par la présence des obstacles.The diameter of the droplets at the outlet of the sprayer, measured using a laser granulometer, was 85.10⁻³ mm and was not affected by the presence of obstacles 41. The spraying operating pressure was also very little affected by the presence of obstacles.

Pour illustrer la répartition du liquide à l'intérieur du jet de gouttelettes pulvérisées, on a mesuré le débit de liquide, exprimé en kg/m²s, en fonction de la distance à l'axe de pulvérisation, respectivement à 25cm et à 50cm de la fente 33 du pulvérisateur.To illustrate the distribution of the liquid inside the jet of sprayed droplets, the liquid flow rate, expressed in kg / m², was measured as a function of the distance from the spray axis, at 25cm and 50cm respectively from the slot 33 of the sprayer.

On a reporté sur la figure 4 les résultats obtenus à 25cm de la fente 33 et sur la figure 5 ceux relevés à 50 cm de cette fente.The results obtained at 25 cm from the slot 33 are reported in FIG. 4 and those noted at 50 are shown in FIG. 5 cm from this slot.

Sur les deux figures, la courbe C₁ est relative à l'injecteur dépourvu des obstacles 41, la courbe C₂ se rapporte à l'injecteur équipé de quatre obstacles 41 constitués des pattes de 1, 5 mm de largeur et la courbe C₃ concerne l'injecteur équipé de quatre obstacles constitués de pattes de 2 mm de largeur. La courbe C₄ est relative à un injecteur classique utilisé dans l'industrie. Cet injecteur témoin est différent de celui décrit dans la demande n° 90.06447 et ne comporte pas de brise-voile, mais comprend un diffuseur comme indiqué ci-dessus (page 3, lignes 3-6).In the two figures, the curve C₁ relates to the injector without obstacles 41, the curve C₂ relates to the injector equipped with four obstacles 41 made up of legs 1.5 mm wide and the curve C₃ relates to the injector fitted with four obstacles made up of legs 2 mm wide. The curve C₄ relates to a conventional injector used in the industry. This control injector is different from that described in application No. 90.06447 and does not include a breakwater, but includes a diffuser as indicated above (page 3, lines 3-6).

On voit que la présence des obstacles 41 permet de modifier sensiblement la répartition des gouttelettes dans le jet. Dans le cas des pattes ayant une largeur de 2 mm (courbe C₃), on obtient un jet qui est évidé dans sa partie centrale, ce qui, dans le cas d'un combustible pulvérisé, permet l'adaptation à des foyers particuliers larges et courts. Dans le cas des pattes ayant une largeur de 1, 5 mm, on obtient une répartition des gouttes similaires à celle obtenue avec l'injecteur témoin (courbe C₄), tout en permettant une combustion meilleure.It can be seen that the presence of obstacles 41 makes it possible to substantially modify the distribution of the droplets in the jet. In the case of the legs having a width of 2 mm (curve C₃), a jet is obtained which is hollowed out in its central part, which, in the case of a pulverized fuel, allows the adaptation to large specific hearths and short. In the case of the legs having a width of 1.5 mm, a distribution of the drops similar to that obtained with the control injector (curve C₄) is obtained, while allowing better combustion.

Il est donc possible, par un choix judicieux du nombre des obstacles, de leurs dimensions et de leurs positions, d'obtenir une répartition des gouttelettes pulvérisées approprié au but recherché.It is therefore possible, by a judicious choice of the number of obstacles, their dimensions and their positions, to obtain a distribution of the sprayed droplets appropriate to the desired objective.

Claims (7)

1- Procédé de pulvérisation d'un liquide à l'aide d'au moins un fluide auxiliaire tel qu'un gaz, ce procédé comprenant la mise en oeuvre : - d'un flux annulaire dudit liquide, - d'un flux annulaire d'un gaz primaire, - d'un flux annulaire d'un gaz secondaire, identique ou non au précédent, ce procédé consistant : a) à conduire le flux de liquide à l'intérieur dudit flux de gaz primaire dans le sens d'écoulement de celui-ci, b) à réaliser un film mince annulaire de liquide, en conduisant les flux coaxiaux de liquide et de gaz primaire sur la périphérie d'un anneau dont l'une des extrémités libres est conformée en forme d'arête, c) à pulvériser le liquide à l'extrémité de ladite arête par l'action combinée dudit flux de gaz primaire et du flux de gaz secondaire s'écoulant à l'intérieur de l'anneau dans le même sens que ledit flux de liquide et ledit flux de gaz primaire, ce procédé étant caractérisé en ce que, en aval de l'extrémité conformée en forme d'arête, on déchire la nappe de gouttelettes pulvérisées en une pluralité de jets distincts à l'aide d'au moins un obstacle disposé transversalement audit flux de liquide. 1- Process for spraying a liquid using at least one auxiliary fluid such as a gas, this process comprising the implementation: - an annular flow of said liquid, - an annular flow of a primary gas, - an annular flow of a secondary gas, identical or not to the previous one, this process consisting: a) directing the flow of liquid inside said flow of primary gas in the direction of flow thereof, b) producing an annular thin film of liquid, by conducting the coaxial flows of liquid and primary gas on the periphery of a ring, one of the free ends of which is shaped like an edge, c) spraying the liquid at the end of said edge by the combined action of said primary gas flow and the secondary gas flow flowing inside the ring in the same direction as said liquid flow and said primary gas flow, this process being characterized in that, downstream of the end shaped as an edge, the sheet of sprayed droplets is torn into a plurality of separate jets using at least one obstacle arranged transversely to said flow of liquid . 2- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le rapport de la masse totale du gaz à la masse totale de liquide est inférieur à 0,5. 2- A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the total mass of the gas to the total mass of liquid is less than 0.5. 3- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la pulvérisation est effectuée dans une chambre où la pression est inférieure à 3 bars, de préférence à 2 bars. 3- Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the spraying is carried out in a chamber where the pressure is less than 3 bars, preferably 2 bars. 4- Dispositif de pulvérisation d'un flux de liquide à l'aide d'au moins un fluide auxiliaire tel qu'un gaz, pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé ci-dessus, par réalisation : - d'un flux annulaire dudit liquide, - d'un flux annulaire d'un gaz primaire, - d'un flux annulaire d'un gaz secondaire, identique ou non au précédent, ce dispositif comprenant : a) au moins un conduit (24) d'amenée dudit liquide dans un premier canal annulaire (27) de liquide, b) au moins un conduit (14) d'amenée dudit gaz primaire dans un second canal annulaire de gaz primaire, c) au moins un conduit (19) d'amenée dudit gaz secondaire dans un troisième canal annulaire (23') de gaz secondaire, les sorties des canaux annulaires étant disposées de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur du dispositif de telle façon que la sortie du premier canal et la sortie du second canal (38) débouchent conjointement dans un quatrième canal annulaire (30), qui conduit le mélange de liquide et de gaz primaire à la sortie du troisième canal (23'), le mélange de liquide et des gaz primaire et secondaire étant conduit à l'extérieur du dispositif par un cinquième canal annulaire (33) formant éventuellement un venturi, la paroi interne du quatrième canal annulaire (30) étant conformée en forme d'arête, ce dispositif étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, en aval de la paroi annulaire conformée en forme d'arête, disposé transversalement au flux de liquide, au moins un obstacle (41) apte à s'opposer localement au passage des gouttelettes pulvérisées. 4- Device for spraying a flow of liquid using at least one auxiliary fluid such as a gas, for implementing the above process, by carrying out: - an annular flow of said liquid, - an annular flow of a primary gas, - an annular flow of a secondary gas, identical or not to the previous one, this device comprising: a) at least one conduit (24) for supplying said liquid into a first annular liquid channel (27), b) at least one conduit (14) for supplying said primary gas into a second annular primary gas channel, c) at least one conduit (19) for supplying said secondary gas into a third annular channel (23 ′) of secondary gas, the outlets of the annular channels being arranged from the outside towards the inside of the device so that the outlet of the first channel and outlet of the second channel (38) lead jointly into a fourth annular channel (30), which leads the mixture of liquid and primary gas to the outlet of the third channel (23 '), the mixture of liquid and primary and secondary gases being led outside the device by a fifth annular channel (33) possibly forming a venturi, the internal wall of the fourth annular channel (30) being shaped as an edge, this device being characterized in that it comprises, downstream of the annular wall shaped as an edge, arranged transversely to the flow of liquid, at least one obstacle (41) capable of locally opposing the passage of the sprayed droplets. 5- Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une pluralité d'obstacles (41) répartis régulièrement par rapport au flux de liquide. 5- Device according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of obstacles (41) distributed regularly with respect to the flow of liquid. 6- Dispositif selon l'une des revendication précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les obstacles (41) sont portés par une couronne fixée sur le corps des dispositifs. 6- Device according to one of the preceding claim, characterized in that the obstacles (41) are carried by a crown fixed to the body of the devices. 7- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que lesdits obstacles (41) ont une orientation réglable par rapport au flux des gouttelettes pulvérisées. 7- Device according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that said obstacles (41) have an adjustable orientation relative to the flow of sprayed droplets.
EP93401556A 1992-06-19 1993-06-17 Method and device for spraying a liquid using at least an auxiliairy fluid Expired - Lifetime EP0575254B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9207491 1992-06-19
FR9207491A FR2692502B1 (en) 1992-06-19 1992-06-19 Method and device for spraying a liquid using at least one auxiliary fluid.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0575254A1 true EP0575254A1 (en) 1993-12-22
EP0575254B1 EP0575254B1 (en) 1996-09-18

Family

ID=9430945

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93401556A Expired - Lifetime EP0575254B1 (en) 1992-06-19 1993-06-17 Method and device for spraying a liquid using at least an auxiliairy fluid

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0575254B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE143121T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69304813T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0575254T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2092253T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2692502B1 (en)
GR (1) GR3021189T3 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001053676A3 (en) * 2000-01-19 2001-12-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Atomizing nozzle
EP1391653A2 (en) 2002-08-21 2004-02-25 Rolls-Royce Plc Fuel injection arrangement
CN101884962A (en) * 2010-07-09 2010-11-17 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 Conical-face spray nozzle without blockage or air resistance and method for forming conical-face aerial fog

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1828463A (en) * 1929-12-06 1931-10-20 Morgan J Hammers Means for restricting atomized fluid discharge
DE664774C (en) * 1936-05-08 1938-09-03 Kurt Schuetz Atomizer nozzle for jet pipes
US2775482A (en) * 1952-10-02 1956-12-25 Berthoud & Cie Means for distributing liquids very finely
US3029863A (en) * 1960-06-22 1962-04-17 Edgar S Downs Liquid fuel burning heater
DE1163607B (en) * 1960-08-04 1964-02-20 Rolls Royce Double fuel injection device, especially for gas turbine jet engines
GB1113969A (en) * 1964-11-13 1968-05-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Spray nozzle
EP0458685A1 (en) * 1990-05-23 1991-11-27 Total Raffinage Distribution S.A. Process and device for the spraying of liquid, as well as their applications

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1828463A (en) * 1929-12-06 1931-10-20 Morgan J Hammers Means for restricting atomized fluid discharge
DE664774C (en) * 1936-05-08 1938-09-03 Kurt Schuetz Atomizer nozzle for jet pipes
US2775482A (en) * 1952-10-02 1956-12-25 Berthoud & Cie Means for distributing liquids very finely
US3029863A (en) * 1960-06-22 1962-04-17 Edgar S Downs Liquid fuel burning heater
DE1163607B (en) * 1960-08-04 1964-02-20 Rolls Royce Double fuel injection device, especially for gas turbine jet engines
GB1113969A (en) * 1964-11-13 1968-05-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Spray nozzle
EP0458685A1 (en) * 1990-05-23 1991-11-27 Total Raffinage Distribution S.A. Process and device for the spraying of liquid, as well as their applications

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001053676A3 (en) * 2000-01-19 2001-12-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Atomizing nozzle
US6991183B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2006-01-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Atomizing nozzle
EP1391653A2 (en) 2002-08-21 2004-02-25 Rolls-Royce Plc Fuel injection arrangement
EP1391653A3 (en) * 2002-08-21 2005-05-04 Rolls-Royce Plc Fuel injection arrangement
CN101884962A (en) * 2010-07-09 2010-11-17 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 Conical-face spray nozzle without blockage or air resistance and method for forming conical-face aerial fog
CN101884962B (en) * 2010-07-09 2013-05-08 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 Conical-face spray nozzle without blockage or air resistance and method for forming conical-face aerial fog

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2692502A1 (en) 1993-12-24
ATE143121T1 (en) 1996-10-15
DE69304813T2 (en) 1997-02-06
GR3021189T3 (en) 1996-12-31
EP0575254B1 (en) 1996-09-18
DK0575254T3 (en) 1996-10-07
DE69304813D1 (en) 1996-10-24
FR2692502B1 (en) 1995-03-31
ES2092253T3 (en) 1996-11-16

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