EP0562487B1 - Press for refuse with a frame and a press box - Google Patents

Abstract

The press for refuse has a pressing frame with a horizontal frame piece (3) and two vertical frame pieces (2). The horizontal frame piece situated at the top supports a drive unit, by means of which a pressing plate (5) which is placed horizontally can be displaced vertically in a pressing basket (10) which accommodates the material to be pressed. Abutments (7) which accommodate the sides of the pressing basket (10) are arranged on the vertical frame pieces (2) in the floor region and on the sides facing one another. The abutments (7) which extend at right angles to the plane of the pressing frame are designed to form channels. The surfaces forming the channel-shaped abutments converge downwards to form an acute angle and form a channel which is essentially V-shaped in cross-section and is open at the top. The pressing basket (10) has standing feet (12) which are designed so as to correspond to the cross-section of the channel. The height (h) of the standing feet (12) of the pressing basket (10) may be larger or smaller than the height (H) of the abutments. The V-shaped channel forming the abutment (7) is reinforced by means of transverse webs which extend parallel to the plane of the frame. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a waste press with a press frame with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Waste presses have already been developed and are known in various embodiments. In one of these known embodiments, the press frame is designed as an open U, the two parallel legs being arranged horizontally. The upper horizontal, freely projecting leg carries a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit with a horizontally lying press plate, the lower horizontal leg lies on the floor and serves as an abutment for absorbing the pressure. The press basket interacting with this press with a base and four vertical walls, at least two of which walls can be swung open like a door, can be moved on four rollers, these rollers being pivotable in vertical planes relative to the force of a spring and the lower edge of the base of the press basket is so high, even when it is loaded, that it can move onto the horizontal leg of the press frame, the bottom horizontal leg of the press frame lying between the paired wheels of the press basket when the press basket is retracted. If the pressing pressure is applied, the bottom of the pressing basket is pressed onto the horizontal leg of the press frame, which has been mentioned several times, as an abutment, so that the swivel-mounted rollers are loaded only to a very small extent by the pressing pressure. If the wheels or rollers of such a press basket are mounted not only in vertical planes, but also pivotable about vertical axes, several such movable baskets can be provided per press, the individual press baskets for different pressed material (paper, cardboard, plastics, metals) be stocked. Presses of this type are intended for smaller companies. Press baskets with rollers of the latter type can be moved freely (US Pat. No. 2,463,079; prospectus "Frihopreß" F. Holzer).

A waste press with a movable press basket is also known from DE-OS 22 33 444. On the vertical legs of the U-shaped press frame, pivotable supports are provided at the bottom by means of levers. If the press basket is retracted into the press, the supports are raised by pivoting the levers mentioned and also raise the press carriage, so that its rollers lose contact with the ground. Such presses can only be used for relatively low pressures because these swiveling supports cannot absorb excessive reaction forces.

Another known and comparable type of waste press can be found in DE-OS 26 35 605, which also works with a press basket which can be moved by means of rollers. The vertical legs of the U-shaped press basket are connected to horizontal standing rails, on which a plurality of freely rotatable rollers are mounted on the sides facing one another. The press basket, which can be moved by means of rollers, is pushed to the waste press, then swiveled up a little by tilting and pushed onto the foremost rollers of the row of rollers and then moved into the press. The press basket lies on the edge of these freely rotatable rollers during the pressing process. Such a press is also only suitable for low pressing pressures, since these support rollers cannot take up excessively high pressures, apart from the fact that it is hardly possible to arrange the rollers per stand rail in such a way that each of these numerous rollers is subjected to the same compressive force when pressure is exerted .

US Pat. No. 3,800,694 also shows and describes a waste press that was developed for low pressures, primarily for household purposes. In a box-like frame with an overhead, vertically adjustable press plate, a receptacle for the material to be pressed is provided in a drawer-like manner, which is fastened to drawer guides, so that this receptacle can be pulled out of the box-like frame or pushed into it like a drawer. This device can also only be used for limited pressures, since the rollers of such drawer guides cannot be dimensioned to any desired size.

High-performance presses have a circumferentially closed frame with an upper and a lower horizontal leg and two parallel vertical legs. Between the two vertical legs, the lower horizontal leg extends overlapping and at right angles to the plane of the frame, a driving platform for the press basket equipped with wheels or rollers. Below the horizontal upper frame leg, which carries the hydraulic piston-cylinder unit with the press plate, the platform is raised like a block. The wheels or rollers of the press basket can be pivoted here in vertical planes. The driving platform is so long that the press cage can be pulled entirely out of the effective area overrun by the press plate. Stops on both sides of the carriageway limit the movement of the press carriage. Since this driving platform is due to its construction, approx 10 to 15 cm high, only one press basket can be provided for these presses per unit, since it is not possible to lift the filled press basket without mechanical aids over the step caused by the height of the driving platform. In one and the same press basket, therefore, the material to be pressed must be introduced in chronological order, which must be stored in different containers or rooms until pressing. The material to be pressed is fed from its storage location to the press, then the press carriage is pulled out of the press on the platform, filled with the material to be pressed, inserted into the press and pressed, then moved out of the press and then the pressed material is transferred to the press basket taken. This is cumbersome and time-consuming, which probably does not require further clarification.

Based on this prior art, it is an object of the invention to further develop this last-mentioned waste press in such a way that a plurality of press baskets can be provided per press unit, which are fed with different pressed material and which are then alternately delivered to the actual press until they are sufficiently used pressed goods are filled. Above all, however, it is provided that such waste presses are to be used for industrial and commercial operations, with the press baskets having a very large holding volume, which, as an empty weight, already weigh up to 500 kg and more, so that press baskets of this type no longer apply Rollers can be stored movable, rather driving and lifting devices must be used for their change of location. Press baskets with such an empty weight can no longer be moved directly, they are too heavy. To achieve this object, the invention proposes that measure, the content and subject of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Fig. 1

eine Presse mit einem U-förmigen Preßrahmen in Ansicht;

Fig. 2

einen Horizontalschnitt nach der Linie II - II in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

einen zur Presse nach Fig. 1 gehörenden Preßkorb;

Fig. 4

den Preßkorb nach Fig. 3 in die Presse nach Fig. 1 eingesetzt; die

Fig. 5 und 6

in Schrägsicht verschiedene Ausführungsformen des balkenartigen Widerlagers;

Fig. 7

einen Teilschnitt gemäß der Schnittlinie VII - VII in Fig. 1;

Fig. 8

die Presse nach Fig. 1 in Draufsicht und

Fig. 9

eine Ansicht des unteren Teiles des Preßkorbes nach Fig. 3 (Blickrichtung Pfeil A);

Fig. 10

ein Detail des Bodens des Preßkorbes;

Fig. 11

eine Detaildarstellung in Schrägsicht einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante für das Widerlager;

Fig. 12

eine Detaildarstellung in Schrägsicht einer Abwandlung der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 11.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail in the accompanying drawing, without thereby restricting them to these examples. Show it:

Fig. 1

a press with a U-shaped press frame in view;

Fig. 2

a horizontal section along the line II - II in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

a press basket belonging to the press according to FIG. 1;

Fig. 4

the press basket of Figure 3 used in the press of Fig. 1. the

5 and 6

in oblique view different embodiments of the beam-like abutment;

Fig. 7

a partial section along the section line VII - VII in Fig. 1;

Fig. 8

1 in top view and

Fig. 9

a view of the lower part of the press basket of Figure 3 (viewing direction arrow A).

Fig. 10

a detail of the bottom of the press basket;

Fig. 11

a detailed view in an oblique view of a further embodiment for the abutment;

Fig. 12

11 shows a detailed illustration in an oblique view of a modification of the embodiment according to FIG. 11.

1 has a press frame 1 with two vertical frame legs 2 and an overhead horizontal frame leg 3 which carries a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit 4, the piston rod of which is connected to the horizontal press plate 5 lying between the vertical frame legs 2 . Horizontal standing rails 6 at the lower end of the vertical frame legs 2 ensure the stability of the press frame 1. These horizontal standing rails 6 extend at right angles to the plane of the press frame 1. At the lower end of the vertical frame legs 2 or on the horizontally lying standing rails 6, to be precise their mutually facing inside, abutments 7 are attached here, the mutually facing sides are formed as channels 17. The length L of this abutment 7 corresponds approximately to the length L of the press basket 10 (FIG. 9). These abutments 7 run parallel to the horizontal standing rails 6, so they extend at right angles to the plane of the press frame 1.

3 shows a press basket in view. On the underside of a sufficiently stable base 11 of the press basket 10, V-shaped feet 12 are fastened, which are offset somewhat inwards from the outer edges 13 of the base 11 towards the container center plane (FIG. 3).

As far as their inclination is concerned, these feet 12 are designed to correspond to the inclination of the channel 17 of the abutment 7. The height h of these feet 12 is slightly larger than the height H of the abutment 7.

On the side from which the press basket 10 is moved into the press (arrow B), 2 guide links 9 are arranged in the upper section of the vertical frame legs, which project freely horizontally and which are shown in plan view in FIG. 7. The actual guide section of this guide link 9 is formed by a plurality of freely rotatably mounted, vertical axes of rotation 15. Instead of rollers, a sliding lining with a low coefficient of friction can be provided here.

The upper structure of the press basket 10 corresponds to that which is common in such press baskets: there are four vertical walls 16 on the floor 11, the upper mouth opening of the press basket or its width is slightly larger than the corresponding dimensions of the horizontally lying press plate 5 .

Several press baskets 10 of the type described are expediently provided for each press, each press basket 10 being provided for a type of waste (paper - cardboard - sheet metal - plastic, to name a few examples). Once the press basket 10 has been filled at its installation site, it is raised with a motor-operated or manually operated fork lifter and moved to and into the press, the guide link 9 ensuring the lateral positioning. If the press basket 10 is retracted with the fork lifter into the press and positioned laterally, then it is placed on the abutment 7, the feet being received by the grooves 17 and the interacting inclined surfaces ensuring that the press basket 10 is positioned correctly in the press . Stops and limiting devices located behind the frame level ensure positioning in the direction of entry (arrow B). Then the piston-cylinder unit is put into operation, the material in the press basket 10 is compressed, and then the press basket 10 with the compressed material to be pressed is moved back to its starting point with the aforementioned fork lifter.

Fig. 5 shows the embodiment of the abutment 7 in detail. The surfaces 8 of the abutments 7, which converge downward at an acute angle, form the side cheek of an essentially V-shaped channel 17 and the feet 12 of the press basket 10 are designed to correspond to the cross section of this channel 17. Crosspieces 18, which are parallel to the frame plane, stiffen the V-shaped channel 17. The upper edges of the crosspieces 18 lying in the direction of entry (arrow B) are expediently somewhat lower than those of the rearmost crosspiece, so that the press basket 10 when entering the Press only has to be raised so high that the lower edges of its feet 12 can run over the low-lying upper edges of the crosspieces 18, whereas the rear crosspiece 18 can then serve as a stop surface. In the embodiment of the abutment discussed here, the feet 12 of the retracted and inserted press basket are supported from both sides.

An abutment 7 in a bar-like embodiment is shown in an oblique view in FIG. 6. Here 7 openings 19 are recessed in the support surface 20 of the abutment. These openings have a circular shape here. Instead of V-shaped feet 12 on the bottom 11 of the press basket 10, the stands are designed here as truncated cones which protrude into these openings 19 when the press basket is set down when it is inserted into the press, as a result of which the press basket 10 relative to the press frame 1 is positioned.

If hand-operated fork lifters are used to transport the press baskets 10 between the installation site and the press, experience has shown that they can only be moved on completely flat floors. For this reason, the press frame 1 according to FIG. 2 is also open (FIGS. 1, 2 and 4). However, if a motor-operated fork lifter is used to transport the press baskets, it is possible to drive over unevenness in the floor, so that a tension member 21, for example in the form of a flat steel plate, can be arranged between the abutments 7 provided in pairs (FIG. 6). Under these conditions, such a tension member 21 can also be provided in a press according to FIGS. 1 or 5.

The equipment (pumps, oil reservoir, valves, throttles) and actuation switches and levers required and necessary for the operation and the pressurization of the piston-cylinder unit 4 and actuation switches and levers are not shown here in these schematic drawings. These devices and devices can be accommodated in a housing which is attached, for example, laterally to one of the two vertical frame legs 2.

Since in this press the bottom 11 of the press basket 10 is not supported during normal use in the central region, this bottom must be stiffened accordingly so that it does not deform too much under the effect of the pressing pressure, bends downward. In the embodiment of the press or its abutment according to FIGS. 5 and 6, the bottom 11 of the press basket 10 together with its feet 12 serves as a tension member between the two free ends of the vertical frame legs 2, since in these cases these abutments form-fit with the rigid Bottom 11 of the press basket 10 are connected.

The press basket, as used in such presses, has 4 walls 16, of which at least one, but usually 2 adjacent walls can be swung open about vertical axes in the manner of doors. In order to keep these pivotable walls of the press basket in their closed position, locking members are provided on the press basket, but are not shown here. Such locking and closing members are known in numerous embodiments in press baskets of this type. These baskets can have such a large floor area that a pallet with standard dimensions can be used. Since 10, spaced feet 12 are provided on the bottom 11 of the press basket, it is also possible to retract with the forks of a fork lifter either from the front or from the side under the bottom 11 of the press basket.

Fig. 10 illustrates a detail of the bottom 11 of a particular embodiment of a press basket. The bottom 11 here has two groove-like depressions 22 running parallel to one another, the mean distance C of which corresponds to the distance between the forks of a fork lifter. 10, these trough-like depressions 22 run at right angles to the plane of the drawing. If the material to be pressed is compacted, after opening the wall 16 the forks of the fork lifter can be inserted directly under the bale. In order to prevent these trough-like depressions 22 from filling with the material to be pressed, U-shaped rails 23 are expediently inserted into these troughs, thus saving the space required for accommodating the forks. These rails are inserted so that they face down with their open side. Their height or width is such that they fill the profile of the channel-like depression, so to speak. These rails are then removed from the press basket 10 together with the pressed bale.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 5, the abutment is designed as a simple channel 17. In a further exemplary embodiment - as illustrated in FIG. 11 - there is a second cross-section 24 with essentially the same cross section in the channel 17, a low-friction sliding lining advantageously being arranged between the two channels. The gutter 24 received by the gutter 17 has at its front end a spring-supported roller 25 which rests directly on the floor. On the rear side 26 of this inner channel 24, the piston rod 27 engages a piston-cylinder unit 28 (not shown further here), which in turn can be supported on the standing rail 6 or a crossbar 29 connecting the standing rails. This arrangement is provided in pairs on both sides of the press. The channels 24 can be extended or advanced with the piston-cylinder units 28, which are connected hydraulically in parallel. Then the filled press basket is placed on the extended channels 24 and then the channels 24 with the piston-cylinder units 28 are drawn in until the press basket has reached its position in relation to the waste press. During the pressing process, the springs supporting the running wheels 25 are compressed so far that the channels 24 and 17 rest directly against one another over the entire surface. These gutter-shaped Abutments form together with the feet 12 and the bottom 11 of the press basket during the pressing a circumferentially closed stable frame.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 12, two channels 17 and 24 lying one inside the other are also provided on both sides of the press, with spring-supported rollers 25 arranged on the end face. The two standing rails 6 are here connected to one another via a cross bar 29, on the central region of which a lying piston Cylinder unit 30 is provided. This lies in the horizontal middle plane of the waste press. The piston rod 31 of this piston-cylinder unit 30 carries at its free end a hook-like extension 32; At the bottom of the press basket, not shown here, a receiving eyelet or the like provided for receiving the hook-like extension 32 is arranged. The channels 24 can either be pushed out freely or they can be connected to the piston rod 32 by horizontal cross-connections which only have to transmit small forces, because the actual tensile force is introduced directly onto the piston-cylinder unit via the hook-like extension 32, because the press basket, which is placed on the pulled-out troughs 24, is drawn into the press with the piston-cylinder unit 30 or ejected from the press.

Thanks to the disclosed constructions, press baskets with a high volume can be used here, the empty weight of which can be 500 and more kilos. The hydraulic piston-cylinder unit 4, with which the pressure plate 5 is actuated, is dimensioned so that it is able to apply a compressive force of up to 25 tons. Thanks to the measure according to the invention, such high-pressure presses can now also be designed with a U-shaped, open press frame. Such U-shaped, open press frames have hitherto only been available for waste presses with low pressure, as are primarily used for household purposes.

If plastic materials, textiles or foams are pressed, it should be noted that the pressed part package expands after the pressure has been released. It is therefore expedient to insert tapes into the basket during operational use and thus to bind the pressed package after pressing, and that several times over its height, each time after a pressing process has ended.

Legend for the reference numbers:

1

Press frame

2nd

vertical frame leg

3rd

horizontal frame leg

4th

hydraulic piston-cylinder unit

5

Press plate

6

Stand rails

7

Abutment

8th

surface

9

Leadership backdrop

10th

Press basket

11

ground

12th

Pedestal

13

edge

14

Outside

15

role

16

wall

17th

Gutter

18th

Crossbar

19th

opening

20th

Contact surface

21

Tension member

22

channel-like depression

23

U profile rail

24th

Gutter

25th

Roller

26

back

27

Piston rod

28

Piston-cylinder unit

29

Querholm

30th

Piston-cylinder unit

31

Piston rod

32

hook-like approach

Claims (13)

1. A press for refuse, with a press frame having at least one horizontal limb (3) and two vertical limbs (2), the uppermost horizontal limb supporting a drive unit via which a press plate (5), horizontally positioned between the vertical limbs of the frame, is vertically displaceable inside a press cage (10) receiving the material for compression, and supports (7) are arranged on the vertical limbs (2) of the press frame in the base region and on the opposed sides, the press cage (10) being received at its edges in the said supports, characterised in that the supports (7), extending at right angles to the plane of the press frame, are formed to be channel-like or beam-like,
      the surfaces forming the channel-like supports extending downwards and converging at an acute angle and forming a channel of substantially V-shaped cross-section which is open upwards, and the press cage having feet which are formed to correspond to the cross-section of the channel,
      and/or
      the beam-like supports preferably having a plurality of openings on their upper surface, in which openings there engage feet (12) on the press cage which is charged and inserted into the press (figs. 5 and 6), the said feet being provided at the edges of the base (11) of the press cage (10) and formed as pyramids or truncated cones.
2. A press for refuse in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the height (h) of the feet (12) on the press cage (10) is greater than the height (H) of the supports (7).
3. A press for refuse in accordance with claim 2, characterised in that the height of the feet (12) formed as truncated pyramids or cones is less than the height of the supports (7).
4. A press for refuse in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the V-shaped channel (17) forming the support (7) is reinforced by transverse crosspieces (18) parallel to the plane of the frame.
5. A press for refuse in accordance with claim 4, characterised in that the transverse crosspieces (18) in the V-shaped channel (7), which face the insertion side of the press cage (10), are formed to be lower than the longitudinal sides of the V-shaped channel (17).
6. A press for refuse in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that inside the substantially V-shaped channel (17), open upwards and connected to the limbs of the frame, there is a further channel (24) of a cross-section corresponding to that of the channel (17) acting as a support, the two channels being mounted to be displaceable in relation to one another, and on one front end surface the displaceable channel (24) has a spring-mounted castor (25) supported on the base.
7. A press for refuse in accordance with claim 6, characterised in that a low-friction coating is arranged between the two channels (7, 24).
8. A press for refuse in accordance with one of claims 6 or 7, characterised in that at least one horizontally positioned piston/cylinder unit (30) is arranged on a transverse bar (29) which is near the base and connects the horizontal supporting rails (6), and the said piston/cylinder unit is connected to the displaceable channels (24).
9. A press for refuse in accordance with claim 8, characterised in that a piston/cylinder unit is associated with each of the two displaceable channels (24) (fig. 11).
10. A press for refuse in accordance with claim 8, characterised in that the cylinder unit (30) is positioned in the vertical central plane of the press frame (1), and at its free end the piston rod (31) in the piston/cylinder unit (30) has a hook-like projection (32) which can be brought into active connection with an opposite part on the press cage (10) which receives the projection (32).
11. A press for refuse in accordance with one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that horizontal guide links (9) oriented towards the direction of introduction (B) are provided on the vertical press limbs (2) on that side from which the press cage (10) is introduced into the press.
12. A press for refuse in accordance with claim 11, characterised in that the portions of the guide links (9) directly co-operating with the press cage to be pushed in or introduced are fitted with low-friction coatings, or are formed by freely rotatable rollers (15) with vertical axes of rotation.
13. A press for refuse in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the beam-like or block-like supports (7) are interconnected by a strip-like or band-like tension member (21) resting on the base.

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