EP0554529A1 - Process and apparatus for gasifying combustible materials - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for gasifying combustible materials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0554529A1
EP0554529A1 EP92119228A EP92119228A EP0554529A1 EP 0554529 A1 EP0554529 A1 EP 0554529A1 EP 92119228 A EP92119228 A EP 92119228A EP 92119228 A EP92119228 A EP 92119228A EP 0554529 A1 EP0554529 A1 EP 0554529A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zone
gasification
fixed bed
vortex
entrained flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP92119228A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Werner Jelich
Friedrich Dr. Klauke
Heiko Dr. Rehwinkel
Dieter Dr. König
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Babcock Werke Energie und Umwelttechnik AG
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Deutsche Babcock Werke Energie und Umwelttechnik AG
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Publication of EP0554529A1 publication Critical patent/EP0554529A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/463—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension in stationary fluidised beds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/40—Movable grates
    • C10J3/42—Rotary grates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/466—Entrained flow processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C10K1/024—Dust removal by filtration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C10K1/026—Dust removal by centrifugal forces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/156—Sluices, e.g. mechanical sluices for preventing escape of gas through the feed inlet
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/158—Screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the gasification of combustible and / or melting of non-combustible, in particular contaminated materials according to the preamble of claims 1 and 9.
  • thermal decomposition is particularly suitable as a disposal solution in a reducing atmosphere.
  • Used oils, paints, varnishes and other liquid or pasty substances can preferably be disposed of in an air flow gasifier.
  • An admixture of dust-like, low calorific value residues as well as contaminated soils, fluidized bed ash and similar products as a suspension with e.g. B. Used oils is possible.
  • entrained-flow gasification is suitable as a disposal unit for pyrolysis residues, sewage sludges and other grindable residues from chemical processes.
  • Hard-to-grind materials from car recycling, computer scrap, old tires, household waste, plastics and the like can preferably be used according to the fixed bed principle or as Thermally convert fluidisable substances in a fluidized bed gasification.
  • a disadvantage of the latter method is that the ashes are subject to the regulations of the Special Landfill Ordinance, especially when using contaminated disposal products. With the demand for environmentally neutral disposal, these ashes must then preferably be disposed of in an entrained-flow gasifier.
  • the invention has for its object to utilize the advantages of the known gasification processes in a fixed bed, in a fluidized bed and in entrained flow and to combine them in one unit in such a way that their disadvantages are avoided and the products, gas and solids produced are recyclable and / or low in pollutants attack.
  • the process steps known per se are arranged in such a way that all ashes and slags are forced to pass through an entrained-flow gasification zone and melting zone and are thus converted or melted in an environmentally neutral manner, and that gases which are still contaminated from the colder gasification zone can be treated in the hotter gasification zone. Solids discharged with the product gas are separated after the carburetor outlet and returned to the entrained-flow gasification or the melting chamber zone.
  • the head of a reactor 1 for gasification receives a gas-tight material lock 2, through which coarse-grained fuel or combustible contaminated waste material is fed.
  • a distributor 3 distributes the feed materials evenly to a fixed bed zone 4 provided in the upper part of the reactor 1.
  • the fixed bed rests on a mechanically moved discharge member 5, e.g. B. on a rotating grate.
  • a heat shield 6 is arranged below the discharge member 5 and protects the discharge member 5 from thermal stress from the reactor 1.
  • the gasifying agent required for gasifying the fuel and / or waste material in the fixed bed zone 4, e.g. B. water vapor or, preferably, air or an air-oxygen mixture, the fixed bed zone 4 is supplied to the material to be gasified via an annular channel 7, via distribution channels 8 branching off from it and via through slots in the discharge member 5. Due to the gas-tight seal in the head of the reactor 1, the gas resulting from gasification flows down through the fixed bed zone 4 in the edge region. It is also possible to allow the gas to flow through the fixed bed zone 4 in ascending order while providing appropriate flow cross sections. The gas passes along with the solid residues through a between the wall 10 and the discharge member 5 remaining gap in a vortex zone 9, which is generated below the fixed bed zone 4. To guide the gas, the wall 10 surrounding the fixed bed zone 4 is immersed in the vortex zone 9.
  • B. water vapor or, preferably, air or an air-oxygen mixture the fixed bed zone 4 is supplied to the material to be gasified via an annular channel 7, via distribution channels 8 branching
  • the vortex zone 9 is generated in that fluidisable fuel or waste material is given in via a feed screw 11 and in that a gasifying agent, e.g. B. steam, pure oxygen or preferably air or an air-oxygen mixture.
  • a gasifying agent e.g. B. steam, pure oxygen or preferably air or an air-oxygen mixture.
  • the feed material is converted in a reducing manner through this gasification medium.
  • the solids discharged from the fixed bed zone 4 are gasified.
  • the gas resulting from the gasification flows through the vortex zone 9 in ascending order and is discharged together with the gas returned from the fixed bed zone 4 via an annular channel 14 which is connected to a gas outlet 20.
  • the ring channel 14 is formed between the wall 10 surrounding the fixed bed zone 4 and the ring channel 7 carrying the gasification medium. In the heat exchange with the discharged gas, the gasification medium supplied to the fixed bed zone 4 is preheated.
  • the wall separating the ring channels 7, 14 is designed as a double jacket wall, the interior of which is flowed through by a coolant.
  • This coolant which is preferably evaporating water, has a pressure which is higher than the pressure of the gasification medium and the gas. In this way, the ingress of gasification medium into the escaping gas is avoided, so that the safety regulations are complied with.
  • the temperature in the fixed bed zone 4 is set depending on the process. At this temperature, higher aromatic hydrocarbons can form. These are thermally decomposed in the vortex zone 9, if necessary, by adding further gasifying agents. For this purpose the Eddy zone 9 operated at a higher temperature than the fixed bed zone 4. Desulphurization of the gases can also be carried out in the vortex zone 9 by adding lime to the vortex zone 9 via the feed screw 11.
  • entrained flow zone 15 below the vortex zone 9 there is an entrained flow zone 15 in the reactor 1.
  • One or more burners 16 open into the entrained flow zone 15, through which gasification medium and ground, liquid, pasty or gaseous feed materials are introduced.
  • Each burner 16 can be connected to a separate supply system.
  • feedstocks and the solid that sinks from the vortex zone 9 are reacted in a reducing atmosphere.
  • An air-oxygen mixture or preferably oxygen is used as the gasification medium.
  • the temperature in the entrained flow zone 15 can be above the melting temperature of the gasification residues, so that a melt zone 21 adjoins the entrained flow zone 15.
  • the reactor 1 is provided below the melting zone 21 with a solids outlet 22 through which all the solids passing through the reactor 1 from top to bottom are discharged as molten residues as non-gasifiable residues.
  • the residues are drawn off via a discharge container 17, in which a water bath 18 is provided for liquid discharge.
  • a melting zone can be dispensed with. This applies to pure wood gasification or treatment for soil disinfestation. Dry discharge of the gasification residues is provided here.
  • the gas resulting from gasification in the entrained flow zone 15 flows ascending through the entrained flow zone 15 and enters the vortex zone 9, from which it is discharged via the gas outlet 20 connected to the vortex zone 9.
  • Gas cooling is provided between the entrained flow zone 15 and the vortex zone 9. This gas cooling is preferably generated by that 19 colder gas is blown into the reactor 1 below the vortex zone 9 via nozzles.
  • the media introduced into the entrained flow zone 15 and the vortex zone 9 can be blown in perpendicularly or at an angle to the wall of the reactor 1 in or against the direction of flow of the solids.
  • the vortex zone 9 is arranged inside the reactor 1 above the entrained flow zone 15, so that the gases resulting from the gasification flow through the entrained flow zone 15 and the vortex zone 9 in ascending order and the solids out be deducted from the system behind the entrained flow zone 15.
  • the fixed bed zone 4 is accommodated outside the reactor 1 in a separate vessel 23. This vessel 23 is connected to the reactor 1 via a line 24, through which gas and solid are discharged from the fixed bed zone 4 and fed to the reactor 1.
  • the gas outlet 20 leads to a separator 25, the solids discharge of which is preferably connected to the feed screw 11 via a solids cooler 26.
  • the gas-side outlet of the separator 25 leads to a filter 27, the solid discharge of which is preferably also connected to a metering container 30 via a solid cooler 28 and an intermediate container 29.
  • the metering container 30 supplies one of the burners 16. In this way, the dusty solid entrained in the escaping gas is returned to the reactor 1 for post-gasification and / or melting.
  • the separator 25 and the filter 27 are preferably designed as hot gas separators or hot gas filters.
  • the contour of the entrained-flow gasifier part can be provided with a refractory lining or with wall cooling.
  • the gasification pressure and the gasification temperature are set according to the gas use and the requirements of the feed materials.
  • the individual zones (fixed bed zone 4, Vortex zone 9, entrained flow zone 15) can be operated individually or together. The zones can be fed with the same feed material, or each individual zone can be fed with different feed materials.

Abstract

In a fixed bed zone, a fluidised zone and a pneumatic stream zone, particulate, fluidisable, dusty, liquid, pasty or gaseous, combustible or incombustible materials are subjected to a gasification and/or melting. The coarse-grained solids are fed from the fixed bed zone and the fluidised zone ascending to the pneumatic stream zone, from which the non-gasifiable solid is withdrawn in a molten state. The gas generated by gasification in the fixed bed zone is conducted in a rising or descending manner through this zone and fed to the fluidised zone. The gases generated by gasification in the pneumatic stream zone and the fluidised zone are conducted in a rising manner and all gases generated by gasification are discharged from the fluidised zone. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Vergasung von brennbaren und/oder Einschmelzung von nicht brennbaren, insbesondere schadstoffbelasteten Materialien nach dem Oberbegriff der Patentansprüche 1 und 9.The invention relates to a method and a device for the gasification of combustible and / or melting of non-combustible, in particular contaminated materials according to the preamble of claims 1 and 9.

Der zunehmende Anfall an schwer entsorgbaren Abfallprodukten macht es erforderlich, diese durch eine thermische Nachbehandlung in umweltneutrale und/oder wiederverwertbare Endprodukte umzuwandeln. Da eine Vielzahl der Abfallstoffe örtlich nur in geringen Mengen anfällt oder aufgrund des Heizwertes ohne Zusatzbrennstoff thermisch nicht zersetzt werden können, sind die Anforderungen an die Entsorgungseinheit durch wirtschaftliche Baugrößen sowie den Einsatz einer multivalenten Brennstoffpalette zur Erhöhung des Heizwertes gekennzeichnet.The increasing amount of waste products that are difficult to dispose makes it necessary to convert them into environmentally neutral and / or recyclable end products by means of thermal after-treatment. Since a large number of the waste materials only accumulate locally in small quantities or cannot be thermally decomposed due to the calorific value without additional fuel, the requirements for the disposal unit are characterized by economical sizes and the use of a multivalent range of fuels to increase the calorific value.

Da die meisten der zu entsorgenden Abfallstoffe mit polychlorierten Benzolen (PCB) und Dioxinen belastet sind, sowie chlorhaltige Kohlenwasserstoffe enthalten, bietet sich die thermische Zersetzung insbesondere in reduzierender Atmosphäre als Entsorgungslösung an.Since most of the waste materials to be disposed of are contaminated with polychlorinated benzenes (PCB) and dioxins and contain chlorine-containing hydrocarbons, thermal decomposition is particularly suitable as a disposal solution in a reducing atmosphere.

So können vorzugsweise Altöle, Farben, Lacke sowie sonstige flüssige oder pastöse Stoffe in einem FLugstromvergaser entsorgt werden. Eine Zumischung von staubförmigen, heizwertarmen Reststoffen sowie kontaminierten Böden, Wirbelschichtaschen und ähnlichen Produkten als Suspension mit z. B. Altölen ist möglich. Des weiteren bietet sich die Flugstromvergasung als Entsorgungseinheit für Pyrolyserückstände, Klärschlämme sowie sonstige aufmahlbare Rückstände aus Chemieprozessen an.Used oils, paints, varnishes and other liquid or pasty substances can preferably be disposed of in an air flow gasifier. An admixture of dust-like, low calorific value residues as well as contaminated soils, fluidized bed ash and similar products as a suspension with e.g. B. Used oils is possible. Furthermore, entrained-flow gasification is suitable as a disposal unit for pyrolysis residues, sewage sludges and other grindable residues from chemical processes.

Schwer aufmahlbare Stoffe aus dem Autorecycling, Computerschrott, Altreifen, Hausmüll, Kunststoffe und ähnliches lassen sich vorzugsweise nach dem Festbettprinzip oder als fluidisierbare Stoffe in einer Wirbelschichtvergasung thermisch umsetzen.Hard-to-grind materials from car recycling, computer scrap, old tires, household waste, plastics and the like can preferably be used according to the fixed bed principle or as Thermally convert fluidisable substances in a fluidized bed gasification.

Nachteilig für letztgenannte Verfahren ist, daß die anfallenden Aschen, speziell beim Einsatz von belasteten Entsorgungsprodukten den Vorschriften der Sonderdeponieverordnung unterliegen. Mit der Forderung nach umweltneutraler Entsorgung müssen diese Aschen dann vorzugsweise in einem Flugstromvergaser nachentsorgt werden.A disadvantage of the latter method is that the ashes are subject to the regulations of the Special Landfill Ordinance, especially when using contaminated disposal products. With the demand for environmentally neutral disposal, these ashes must then preferably be disposed of in an entrained-flow gasifier.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Vorteile der bekannten Vergasungsverfahren im Festbett, in der Wirbelschicht und im Flugstrom zu nutzen und in einer Baueinheit so zu kombinieren, daß deren Nachteile vermieden werden und die erzeugten Produkte, Gas und Feststoffe, wiederverwertbar und/oder schadstoffarm anfallen.The invention has for its object to utilize the advantages of the known gasification processes in a fixed bed, in a fluidized bed and in entrained flow and to combine them in one unit in such a way that their disadvantages are avoided and the products, gas and solids produced are recyclable and / or low in pollutants attack.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens ist Gegenstand des Patentanspruches 9. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved in a generic method according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1. A device for performing the method is the subject of claim 9. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sind die an sich bekannten Verfahrensschritte so angeordnet, daß alle anfallenden Aschen und Schlacken zwangsweise eine Flugstromvergasungszone und Schmelzzone durchlaufen und damit umweltneutral umgewandelt oder eingeschmolzen werden und daß eventuell noch schadstoffbelastete Gase aus der kälteren Vergasungszone in der heißeren Vergasungszone nachbehandelt werden können. Mit dem Produktgas ausgetragene Feststoffe werden nach dem Vergaseraustritt abgeschieden und in die Flugstromvergasungs- bzw. in die Schmelzkammerzone zurückgeführt.In the process according to the invention, the process steps known per se are arranged in such a way that all ashes and slags are forced to pass through an entrained-flow gasification zone and melting zone and are thus converted or melted in an environmentally neutral manner, and that gases which are still contaminated from the colder gasification zone can be treated in the hotter gasification zone. Solids discharged with the product gas are separated after the carburetor outlet and returned to the entrained-flow gasification or the melting chamber zone.

Aus der DE-PS 26 40 180 ist zwar ein Verfahren zur Vergasung von Brennstoff in einem Reaktor bekannt, in dem übereinander eine Festbett-, eine Wirbelschicht- und eine Flugstromvergasungszone erzeugt werden. Dieses Verfahren macht es zwar möglich, Brennstoff, z. B. Kohle mit einem breiten Kornband einzusetzen. Da aber die Flugstromvergasungszone im oberen Teil des Reaktors angeordnet ist und kein schmelzflüssiges Endprodukt aus dem System entfernt werden kann, ist mit dem bekannten Verfahren eine Entsorgung von Abfallstoffen nicht möglich.From DE-PS 26 40 180 a method for gasifying fuel in a reactor is known in which one above the other Fixed bed, fluidized bed and entrained flow gasification zone are generated. This method makes it possible to use fuel, e.g. B. use coal with a wide grain belt. However, since the entrained-flow gasification zone is arranged in the upper part of the reactor and no molten end product can be removed from the system, it is not possible to dispose of waste materials with the known method.

Mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
den Längsschnitt durch einen Reaktor und
Fig. 2
den Längsschnitt durch einen Reaktor gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform.
Several embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail below. Show it:
Fig. 1
the longitudinal section through a reactor and
Fig. 2
the longitudinal section through a reactor according to another embodiment.

Der Kopf eines Reaktors 1 zur Vergasung nimmt eine gasdichte Materialschleuse 2 auf, über die grobkörniger Brennstoff oder brennbarer schadstoffbelasteter Abfallstoff aufgegeben wird. Ein Verteiler 3 verteilt die aufgegebenen Materialien gleichmäßig auf eine im oberen Teil des Reaktors 1 vorgesehene Festbettzone 4. Das Festbett ruht auf einem mechanisch bewegten Austragsorgan 5, z. B. auf einem Drehrost, auf. Unterhalb des Austragsorganes 5 ist ein Hitzeschild 6 angeordnet, der das Austragsorgan 5 vor thermischer Belastung aus dem Reaktor 1 schützt.The head of a reactor 1 for gasification receives a gas-tight material lock 2, through which coarse-grained fuel or combustible contaminated waste material is fed. A distributor 3 distributes the feed materials evenly to a fixed bed zone 4 provided in the upper part of the reactor 1. The fixed bed rests on a mechanically moved discharge member 5, e.g. B. on a rotating grate. A heat shield 6 is arranged below the discharge member 5 and protects the discharge member 5 from thermal stress from the reactor 1.

Das zur Vergasung des Brenn- und/oder Abfallstoffes in der Festbettzone 4 erforderliche Vergasungsmittel, z. B. Wasserdampf oder vorzugsweise Luft oder ein Luft-Sauerstoff-Gemisch wird der Festbettzone 4 über einen Ringkanal 7, über von diesem abzweigende Verteilkanäle 8 und über Durchtrittsschlitze in dem Austragsorgan 5 dem zu vergasenden Material zugeführt. Das durch Vergasung entstehende Gas durchströmt aufgrund des gasdichten Abschlusses im Kopf des Reaktors 1 absteigend die Festbettzone 4 in dem Randbereich. Es ist ebenso möglich, unter Bereitstellung entsprechender Strömungsquerschnitte das Gas aufsteigend die Festbettzone 4 durchströmen zu lassen. Das Gas gelangt zusammen mit den festen Rückständen durch einen zwischen der Wand 10 und dem Austragsorgan 5 verbleibenden Spalt in eine Wirbelzone 9, die unterhalb der Festbettzone 4 erzeugt wird. Zur Führung des Gases taucht die die Festbettzone 4 umschließende Wand 10 in die Wirbelzone 9 ein.The gasifying agent required for gasifying the fuel and / or waste material in the fixed bed zone 4, e.g. B. water vapor or, preferably, air or an air-oxygen mixture, the fixed bed zone 4 is supplied to the material to be gasified via an annular channel 7, via distribution channels 8 branching off from it and via through slots in the discharge member 5. Due to the gas-tight seal in the head of the reactor 1, the gas resulting from gasification flows down through the fixed bed zone 4 in the edge region. It is also possible to allow the gas to flow through the fixed bed zone 4 in ascending order while providing appropriate flow cross sections. The gas passes along with the solid residues through a between the wall 10 and the discharge member 5 remaining gap in a vortex zone 9, which is generated below the fixed bed zone 4. To guide the gas, the wall 10 surrounding the fixed bed zone 4 is immersed in the vortex zone 9.

Die Wirbelzone 9 wird dadurch erzeugt, daß über eine Zuteilschnecke 11 fluidisierbarer Brenn- oder Abfallstoff aufgegeben wird und daß über einen oder mehrere in mehreren Ebenen übereinander angeordnete Düsenkränze 12, 13 ein Vergasungsmittel, z. B. Wasserdampf, reiner Sauerstoff oder vorzugsweise Luft oder ein Luft-Sauerstoff-Gemisch eingeblasen wird. Durch dieses Vergasungsmedium wird der Einsatzstoff reduzierend umgesetzt. In der Wirbelzone 9 werden die aus der Festbettzone 4 ausgetragenen Feststoffe nachvergast.The vortex zone 9 is generated in that fluidisable fuel or waste material is given in via a feed screw 11 and in that a gasifying agent, e.g. B. steam, pure oxygen or preferably air or an air-oxygen mixture. The feed material is converted in a reducing manner through this gasification medium. In the fluidized zone 9, the solids discharged from the fixed bed zone 4 are gasified.

Das durch die Vergasung entstehende Gas durchströmt aufsteigend die Wirbelzone 9 und wird zusammen mit dem aus der Festbettzone 4 rückgeführten Gas über einen Ringkanal 14 abgeführt, der mit einem Gasauslaß 20 verbunden ist. Der Ringkanal 14 ist zwischen der die Festbettzone 4 umschließenden Wand 10 und dem das Vergasungsmedium führenden Ringkanal 7 gebildet. Im Wärmetausch mit dem abgeführten Gas wird das der Festbettzone 4 zugeführte Vergasungsmedium vorgewärmt.The gas resulting from the gasification flows through the vortex zone 9 in ascending order and is discharged together with the gas returned from the fixed bed zone 4 via an annular channel 14 which is connected to a gas outlet 20. The ring channel 14 is formed between the wall 10 surrounding the fixed bed zone 4 and the ring channel 7 carrying the gasification medium. In the heat exchange with the discharged gas, the gasification medium supplied to the fixed bed zone 4 is preheated.

Die die Ringkanäle 7, 14 trennende Wand ist als Doppelmantelwand ausgebildet, deren Innenraum von einem Kühlmittel durchflossen ist. Dieses Kühlmittel, das vorzugsweise verdampfendes Wasser ist, weist einen Druck auf, der höher ist als der Druck des Vergasungsmediums und des Gases. Auf diese Weise wird ein Eindringen von Vergasungsmedium in das austretende Gas vermieden, so daß den Sicherheitsvorschriften entsprochen wird.The wall separating the ring channels 7, 14 is designed as a double jacket wall, the interior of which is flowed through by a coolant. This coolant, which is preferably evaporating water, has a pressure which is higher than the pressure of the gasification medium and the gas. In this way, the ingress of gasification medium into the escaping gas is avoided, so that the safety regulations are complied with.

Die Temperatur in der Festbettzone 4 wird prozeßbedingt eingestellt. Bei dieser Temperatur können sich höhere aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe bilden. Diese werden in der Wirbelzone 9 gegebenenfalls durch Zusatz weiterer Vergasungsmittel thermisch zersetzt. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Wirbelzone 9 mit einer höheren Temperatur als die Festbettzone 4 betrieben. In der Wirbelzone 9 kann auch eine Entschwefelung der Gase durchgeführt werden, indem über die Zuteilschnecke 11 Kalk in die Wirbelzone 9 aufgegeben wird.The temperature in the fixed bed zone 4 is set depending on the process. At this temperature, higher aromatic hydrocarbons can form. These are thermally decomposed in the vortex zone 9, if necessary, by adding further gasifying agents. For this purpose the Eddy zone 9 operated at a higher temperature than the fixed bed zone 4. Desulphurization of the gases can also be carried out in the vortex zone 9 by adding lime to the vortex zone 9 via the feed screw 11.

Unterhalb der Wirbelzone 9 befindet sich in dem Reaktor 1 eine Flugstromzone 15. In die Flugstromzone 15 münden ein oder mehrere Brenner 16 hinein, durch die Vergasungsmedium und mahlbare, flüssige, pastöse oder gasförmige Einsatzstoffe eingebracht werden. Dabei kann jeder Brenner 16 an ein separates Versorgungssystem angeschlossen sein.Below the vortex zone 9 there is an entrained flow zone 15 in the reactor 1. One or more burners 16 open into the entrained flow zone 15, through which gasification medium and ground, liquid, pasty or gaseous feed materials are introduced. Each burner 16 can be connected to a separate supply system.

Diese Einsatzstoffe sowie der aus der Wirbelzone 9 absinkende Feststoff werden in reduzierender Atmosphäre umgesetzt. Als Vergasungsmedium wird ein Luft-Sauerstoff-Gemisch oder vorzugsweise Sauerstoff verwendet. Die Temperatur in der Flugstromzone 15 kann oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur der Vergasungsrückstände liegen, so daß sich an die Flugstromzone 15 eine Schmelzzone 21 anschließt.These feedstocks and the solid that sinks from the vortex zone 9 are reacted in a reducing atmosphere. An air-oxygen mixture or preferably oxygen is used as the gasification medium. The temperature in the entrained flow zone 15 can be above the melting temperature of the gasification residues, so that a melt zone 21 adjoins the entrained flow zone 15.

Der Reaktor 1 ist unterhalb der Schmelzzone 21 mit einem Feststoffauslaß 22 versehen, durch den alle den Reaktor 1 von oben nach unten durchwandernden Feststoffe als unvergasbare Rückstände schmelzflüssig abgeführt werden. Die Rückstände werden über einen Austragsbehälter 17 abgezogen, in dem bei flüssigem Austrag ein Wasserbad 18 vorgesehen ist. In Sonderfällen kann eine Schmelzzone entbehrlich sein. Das trifft auf eine reine Holzvergasung oder eine Behandlung zur Bodenentseuchung zu. Hier wird eine trockene Ausschleusung der Vergasungsrückstände vorgesehen.The reactor 1 is provided below the melting zone 21 with a solids outlet 22 through which all the solids passing through the reactor 1 from top to bottom are discharged as molten residues as non-gasifiable residues. The residues are drawn off via a discharge container 17, in which a water bath 18 is provided for liquid discharge. In special cases, a melting zone can be dispensed with. This applies to pure wood gasification or treatment for soil disinfestation. Dry discharge of the gasification residues is provided here.

Das durch Vergasung in der Flugstromzone 15 entstehende Gas durchströmt aufsteigend die Flugstromzone 15 und tritt in die Wirbelzone 9 ein, aus der es über den an die Wirbelzone 9 angeschlossenen Gasauslaß 20 abgeführt wird. Zwischen der Flugstromzone 15 und der Wirbelzone 9 ist eine Gaskühlung vorgesehen. Vorzugsweise wird diese Gaskühlung dadurch erzeugt, daß über Düsen 19 kälteres Gas unterhalb der Wirbelzone 9 in den Reaktor 1 eingeblasen wird. Die in die Flugstromzone 15 und die Wirbelzone 9 eingetragenen Medien können senkrecht oder unter einem Winkel zur Wand des Reaktors 1 in oder entgegen der Fließrichtung der Feststoffe eingeblasen werden.The gas resulting from gasification in the entrained flow zone 15 flows ascending through the entrained flow zone 15 and enters the vortex zone 9, from which it is discharged via the gas outlet 20 connected to the vortex zone 9. Gas cooling is provided between the entrained flow zone 15 and the vortex zone 9. This gas cooling is preferably generated by that 19 colder gas is blown into the reactor 1 below the vortex zone 9 via nozzles. The media introduced into the entrained flow zone 15 and the vortex zone 9 can be blown in perpendicularly or at an angle to the wall of the reactor 1 in or against the direction of flow of the solids.

Bei der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform ist wie bei der nach Fig. 1 innerhalb des Reaktors 1 oberhalb der Flugstromzone 15 die Wirbelzone 9 angeordnet, so daß die durch die Vergasung entstehenden Gase aufsteigend die Flugstromzone 15 und die Wirbelzone 9 durchströmen und die Feststoffe aus dem System hinter der Flugstromzone 15 abgezogen werden. In Abweichung von Fig. 1 ist jedoch die Festbettzone 4 außerhalb des Reaktors 1 in einen davon getrennten Gefäß 23 untergebracht. Dieses Gefäß 23 ist mit dem Reaktor 1 über eine Leitung 24 verbunden, durch die Gas und Feststoff aus der Festbettzone 4 ausgetragen und dem Reaktor 1 zugeführt werden.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, as in the case of FIG. 1, the vortex zone 9 is arranged inside the reactor 1 above the entrained flow zone 15, so that the gases resulting from the gasification flow through the entrained flow zone 15 and the vortex zone 9 in ascending order and the solids out be deducted from the system behind the entrained flow zone 15. In deviation from FIG. 1, however, the fixed bed zone 4 is accommodated outside the reactor 1 in a separate vessel 23. This vessel 23 is connected to the reactor 1 via a line 24, through which gas and solid are discharged from the fixed bed zone 4 and fed to the reactor 1.

Der Gasauslaß 20 führt zu einem Abscheider 25, dessen Feststoffaustrag vorzugsweise über einen Feststoffkühler 26 mit der Zuteilschnecke 11 verbunden ist. Der gasseitige Auslaß des Abscheiders 25 führt zu einem Filter 27, dessen Feststoffaustrag vorzugsweise ebenfalls über einen Feststoffkühler 28 und einen Zwischenbehälter 29 mit einem Dosierbehälter 30 verbunden ist. Der Dosierbehälter 30 versorgt einen der Brenner 16. Auf diese Weise wird der von dem austretenden Gas mitgeführte staubförmige Feststoff in den Reaktor 1 zur Nachvergasung und/oder Einschmelzung zurückgeführt. Der Abscheider 25 und der Filter 27 sind vorzugsweise als Heißgasabscheider bzw. Heißgasfilter ausgebildet.The gas outlet 20 leads to a separator 25, the solids discharge of which is preferably connected to the feed screw 11 via a solids cooler 26. The gas-side outlet of the separator 25 leads to a filter 27, the solid discharge of which is preferably also connected to a metering container 30 via a solid cooler 28 and an intermediate container 29. The metering container 30 supplies one of the burners 16. In this way, the dusty solid entrained in the escaping gas is returned to the reactor 1 for post-gasification and / or melting. The separator 25 and the filter 27 are preferably designed as hot gas separators or hot gas filters.

Abhängig vom Ascheschmelzverhalten der Einsatzstoffe kann die Kontur des Flugstromvergaserteiles mit einer Feuerfestausmauerung oder mit einer Wandkühlung versehen werden. Der Vergasungsdruck und die Vergasungstemperatur werden entsprechend der Gasverwendung und nach den Erfordernissen der Einsatzstoffe eingestellt. Die einzelnen Zonen (Festbettzone 4, Wirbelzone 9, Flugstromzone 15) können einzeln für sich oder gemeinsam betrieben werden. Die Zonen können mit dem gleichen Einsatzstoff, oder jede einzelne Zone kann mit unterschiedlichen Einsatzstoffen beschickt werden.Depending on the ash melting behavior of the feed materials, the contour of the entrained-flow gasifier part can be provided with a refractory lining or with wall cooling. The gasification pressure and the gasification temperature are set according to the gas use and the requirements of the feed materials. The individual zones (fixed bed zone 4, Vortex zone 9, entrained flow zone 15) can be operated individually or together. The zones can be fed with the same feed material, or each individual zone can be fed with different feed materials.

Claims (19)

Verfahren zur Vergasung von brennbaren und/oder Einschmelzung von nicht brennbaren, insbesondere schadstoffbelasteten stückigen, fluidisierbaren, staubförmigen, flüssigen, pastösen oder gasförmigen Materialien mit Hilfe von Vergasungsmedien in einer Festbettzone, einer Wirbelzone und einer Flugstromzone, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die grobkörnigen Feststoffe aus der Festbettzone und der Wirbelzone absteigend der Flugstromzone zugeführt werden, daß der nicht vergasbare Feststoff schmelzflüssig aus der Flugstromzone abgezogen wird, daß das durch Vergasung in der Festbettzone erzeugte Gas auf- oder absteigend geführt und der Wirbelzone zugeführt wird, daß die durch Vergasung in der Flugstromzone und der Wirbelzone erzeugten Gase aufsteigend geführt werden und daß alle durch Vergasung erzeugten Gase aus der Wirbelzone abgeführt werden.Process for the gasification of combustible and / or melting of non-combustible, in particular pollutant-laden lumpy, fluidizable, dusty, liquid, pasty or gaseous materials with the aid of gasification media in a fixed bed zone, a vortex zone and an entrained flow zone, characterized in that the coarse-grained solids from the Fixed bed zone and the fluidized bed are descending the entrained flow zone, that the non-gasifiable solid is withdrawn from the entrained flow zone in a molten state, that the gas generated by gasification in the fixed bed zone is passed up or down and fed to the fluidized zone, that by gasification in the entrained flow zone and gases produced in the vortex zone are conducted in ascending order and that all gases produced by gasification are removed from the vortex zone. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gase der Flugstromzone zwischen der Flugstromzone und der Wirbelzone gekühlt werden.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gases of the entrained flow zone between the entrained flow zone and the vortex zone are cooled. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem die Wirbelzone verlassenden Gas enthaltener Staub vorzugsweise heiß abgetrennt und in die Wirbel- und/oder Flugstromzone zurückgeführt wird.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that dust contained in the gas leaving the vortex zone is preferably separated off hot and returned to the vortex and / or entrained flow zone. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gase aus der Festbettzone durch Zugabe weiterer Vergasungsmedien in der Wirbelzone nachbehandelt werden.Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the gases from the fixed bed zone are post-treated in the fluidized zone by adding further gasification media. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zonen einzeln oder in jeder beliebigen Kombination betrieben werden.Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the zones are operated individually or in any combination. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Festbettzone und die Wirbelzone mit Luft oder einem Luft-Sauerstoff-Gemisch und die Flugstromzone mit Sauerstoff als Vergasungsmedium betrieben wird.Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fixed bed zone and the fluidized zone is operated with air or an air-oxygen mixture and the entrained flow zone with oxygen as the gasification medium. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zu vergasenden Materialien und/oder Vergasungsmedien senkrecht zu der Wand des Reaktors zugeführt werden.Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the materials and / or gasification media to be gasified are fed perpendicular to the wall of the reactor. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zu vergasenden Materialien und/oder Vergasungsmedien unter einem Winkel zu der Wand des Vergaser zugeführt werden.Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the materials and / or gasification media to be gasified are supplied at an angle to the wall of the gasifier. Vorrichtung zur Vergasung von brennbaren und/oder Einschmelzung von nicht brennbaren, insbesondere schadstoffbelasteten, stückigen, fluidisierbaren, staubförmigen, flüssigen, pastösen oder gasförmigen Materialien mit Hilfe von Vergasungsmedien in einer Festbettzone (4), einer Wirbelzone (9) und einer Flugstromzone (15), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß innerhalb eines einen Feststoffauslaß (22) und einen Gasauslaß (20) aufweisenden Reaktors (1) die Flugstromzone (15) unterhalb der Wirbelzone (9) angeordnet ist, daß der Feststoffauslaß (22) unterhalb einer sich an die Flugstromzone (15) anschließenden Schmelzzone (21) und der Gasauslaß (20) oberhalb der Wirbelzone (9) angeordnet ist und daß der Feststoff- und der Gasaustrag der Festbettzone (4) mit der Wirbelzone (9) verbunden ist.Device for the gasification of flammable and / or melting of non-flammable, in particular polluted, lumpy, fluidizable, dusty, liquid, pasty or gaseous materials with the aid of gasification media in a fixed bed zone (4), a vortex zone (9) and an entrained flow zone (15) , characterized in that within a reactor (1) having a solids outlet (22) and a gas outlet (20) the entrained flow zone (15) is arranged below the vortex zone (9), that the solids outlet (22) is located below a 15) subsequent melting zone (21) and the gas outlet (20) above the fluidized zone (9) is arranged and that the solids and gas discharge of the fixed bed zone (4) is connected to the fluidized zone (9). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Festbettzone (4) außerhalb des Reaktors (1) angeordnet und mit diesem über eine den Feststoff und das Gas führenden Leitung (24) verbunden ist.Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the fixed bed zone (4) is arranged outside the reactor (1) and is connected to it via a line (24) carrying the solid and the gas. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Festbettzone (4) oberhalb der Wirbelzone (9) innerhalb des Reaktors (1) angeordnet ist.Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the fixed bed zone (4) is arranged above the vortex zone (9) within the reactor (1). Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Festbettzone (4) auf einem Austragsorgan (5) aufruht und von einer Wand (10) umgeben ist und daß zwischen der Wand (10) und dem Austragsorgan (5) ein umlaufender Spalt verbleibt.Device according to one or more of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the fixed bed zone (4) rests on a discharge member (5) and is surrounded by a wall (10) and that between the wall (10) and the discharge member (5) a circumferential gap remains. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11 und 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die Festbettzone (4) umschließende Wand (10) in die Wirbelzone (9) eintaucht.Device according to claims 11 and 12, characterized in that the wall (10) surrounding the fixed bed zone (4) is immersed in the vortex zone (9). Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wand (10) von einem ersten Ringkanal (14) umgeben ist, der die Wirbelzone (9) mit dem Gasauslaß (20) des Reaktors (1) verbindet.Device according to one or more of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the wall (10) is surrounded by a first annular channel (14) which connects the vortex zone (9) to the gas outlet (20) of the reactor (1). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Ringkanal (14) von einem zweiten Ringkanal (7) umgeben ist, der mit einer Zuführung für ein Vergasungsmedium und mit zu der Festbettzone (4) führenden Verteilkanälen (8) verbunden ist und daß die Trennwand zwischen den Ringkanälen (7, 14) von einem Kühlmittel von einem über dem Druck des Gases und des Vergasungsmediums liegenden Druck durchströmt ist.Apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the first ring channel (14) is surrounded by a second ring channel (7) which is connected to a supply for a gasification medium and to distribution channels (8) leading to the fixed bed zone (4) and that A coolant flows through the partition between the ring channels (7, 14) at a pressure above the pressure of the gas and the gasification medium. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 9 und 11 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Festbettzone (4) von der Wirbelzone (9) durch einen Hitzeschild (6) getrennt ist.Device according to one or more of claims 9 and 11 to 15, characterized in that the fixed bed zone (4) is separated from the vortex zone (9) by a heat shield (6). Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 9 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flugstromzone (15) mit einem oder mehreren Brennern (16) versehen ist.Device according to one or more of claims 9 to 16, characterized in that the entrained flow zone (15) is provided with one or more burners (16). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brenner (16) der Flugstromzone (15) in mehreren Ebenen übereinander angeordnet und an unterschiedliche Versorgungssysteme angeschlossen sind.Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the burners (16) of the entrained flow zone (15) are arranged one above the other in several planes and are connected to different supply systems. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 9 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unterhalb der Flugstromzone (15) eine Trockenentaschung angeordnet ist.Device according to one or more of claims 9 to 18, characterized in that a dry ash removal is arranged below the entrained flow zone (15).
EP92119228A 1992-02-03 1992-11-11 Process and apparatus for gasifying combustible materials Withdrawn EP0554529A1 (en)

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EP0625562A1 (en) * 1993-05-19 1994-11-23 Hugo Petersen Ges. für verfahrenstechn. Anlagenbau mbH &amp; Co KG Process for gasification of solid substances and gasification reactor
EP0924288A2 (en) * 1997-12-16 1999-06-23 Brunner, Winfried Dipl. Ing. Process for producing combustible gases from organic solids as well as reactor for carrying out the process
EP0979857A2 (en) * 1998-08-12 2000-02-16 Siempelkamp Guss- und Anlagentechnik Holding GmbH & Co. Process and plant for the gasification of biomass, in particular wood-based materials
WO2002046331A1 (en) 2000-12-04 2002-06-13 Emery Energy Company L.L.C. Multi-faceted gasifier and related methods
EP1286113A2 (en) * 1994-03-10 2003-02-26 Ebara Corporation Method and apparatus for fluidized-bed gasification and melt combustion
WO2008095977A1 (en) * 2007-02-07 2008-08-14 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Method and device for the entrained-flow gasification of solid fuels under pressure
WO2016178176A1 (en) * 2015-05-05 2016-11-10 Syn-Gas Societa' A Responsabilita' Limitata Semplificata Gasification plant

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EP0625562A1 (en) * 1993-05-19 1994-11-23 Hugo Petersen Ges. für verfahrenstechn. Anlagenbau mbH &amp; Co KG Process for gasification of solid substances and gasification reactor
CN1311191C (en) * 1994-03-10 2007-04-18 株式会社荏原制作所 Method and apparatus for fluidized bed gasification and molten conbustion
EP1286113A2 (en) * 1994-03-10 2003-02-26 Ebara Corporation Method and apparatus for fluidized-bed gasification and melt combustion
EP1286113A3 (en) * 1994-03-10 2003-03-05 Ebara Corporation Method and apparatus for fluidized-bed gasification and melt combustion
EP0924288A2 (en) * 1997-12-16 1999-06-23 Brunner, Winfried Dipl. Ing. Process for producing combustible gases from organic solids as well as reactor for carrying out the process
EP0924288A3 (en) * 1997-12-16 1999-12-08 Brunner, Winfried Dipl. Ing. Process for producing combustible gases from organic solids as well as reactor for carrying out the process
EP0979857A2 (en) * 1998-08-12 2000-02-16 Siempelkamp Guss- und Anlagentechnik Holding GmbH & Co. Process and plant for the gasification of biomass, in particular wood-based materials
EP0979857A3 (en) * 1998-08-12 2001-08-29 Siempelkamp Guss- und Anlagentechnik Holding GmbH & Co. Process and plant for the gasification of biomass, in particular wood-based materials
EP1348011A1 (en) * 2000-12-04 2003-10-01 Emery Energy Company L.L.C. Multi-faceted gasifier and related methods
EP1348011A4 (en) * 2000-12-04 2006-08-09 Emery Energy Company L L C Multi-faceted gasifier and related methods
WO2002046331A1 (en) 2000-12-04 2002-06-13 Emery Energy Company L.L.C. Multi-faceted gasifier and related methods
WO2008095977A1 (en) * 2007-02-07 2008-08-14 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Method and device for the entrained-flow gasification of solid fuels under pressure
EA017334B1 (en) * 2007-02-07 2012-11-30 Технише Университет Бергакадеми Фрайберг Method and device for the entrained-flow gasification of solid fuels under pressure
CN101605876B (en) * 2007-02-07 2013-07-10 北卡德米弗莱贝格工业大学 Method and device for the entrained-flow gasification of solid fuels under pressure
US8518134B2 (en) 2007-02-07 2013-08-27 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Method and device for the entrained-flow gasification of solid fuels under pressure
WO2016178176A1 (en) * 2015-05-05 2016-11-10 Syn-Gas Societa' A Responsabilita' Limitata Semplificata Gasification plant

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