EP0550841A2 - Curtain wall - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to improve the heat-insulating properties of facades in the region of the spandrel, the invention proposes a facade structure in which there are arranged, in an uninterrupted manner in the entire spandrel region, in particular also between the load-bearing elements of the facade and the principal load-bearing members, such as, for example, the posts (16) or crossmembers, one first, exterior, i.e. weather-side, thermal partition and a second, interior, i.e. room-side thermal partition. Between the principal load-bearing members there is arranged on the weather-side a covering (2), with adjoining air gap, or an insulating glazing or an insulating covering, and on the room side there is arranged a heat insulation (6), with covering (24), or an insulating glazing. The principal load-bearing members can be connected, on the weather-side, via a poorly heat-conducting structure (18, 12, 14) to the corresponding covering (2), and it comprises at least two spaced-apart individual elements (16, 26) which can be connected to each other via further poorly heat-conducting connections (28). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a facade construction as described in claim 1.

In the case of facade constructions of buildings with metallic supporting profiles, the outer cover or the outer shell is connected to the supporting profiles of the facade by means of a poorly heat-conducting construction to avoid heat loss. The outer cover can be, among other things, glazing or other elements that are usual for facades, such as single or insulating glazing or panels. The poorly heat-conducting construction between the cover and the supporting profiles of the facade prevents the formation of a cold bridge. The area of the poorly heat-conducting construction is also referred to as the first insulation zone. A second insulation zone results from the arrangement of thermal insulation in the area of the parapets. The thermal insulation is interrupted by the metal supporting profiles of the facade, which often consist of hollow aluminum profiles. The room-side termination of the support profiles is usually flush with the room-side covering of the thermal insulation. In such facade constructions, thermal insulation is also referred to as a second insulation zone.

With these known facade constructions there is the disadvantage that the second insulation zone is interrupted in the area of the load-bearing elements of the facade and consequently an interruption or a crack occurs in the thermal insulation level in the course of the second insulation zone.

It is an object of the present invention to improve the thermal insulation properties of facades, particularly in the area of the parapet.

The object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1.

The basic idea of the invention is the uninterrupted arrangement of two thermal separations one behind the other. The interruption of the main load-bearing elements of the facade should also create a second insulation zone in the area of these elements. For this purpose, the main supporting elements of the facade are divided into at least two independent individual elements, these individual elements being connected to one another via at least one poorly heat-conducting connection. In the area between the main load-bearing elements of the facade, the first thermal separation either consists of a cover with a subsequent air gap or an insulating glazing or an insulating cover. The second thermal separation consists of thermal insulation with cover or double glazing. With this proposed facade construction, the desired uninterrupted arrangement of two thermal separations one behind the other can be produced. As a result, thermal insulation is significantly improved. In addition, an air gap can also be arranged between the weather-side insulating cover or the insulating glazing and the thermal insulation. This measure additionally increases the thermal insulation properties in this area.

The air gap in the aforementioned constructions can be closed or designed to be compressive. In the pressure-relieved formation of the air gap, only small areas, for example in the area of the seals, are cut out. If the air gap represents the first thermal separation, the pressure-relieved design must not have a significantly negative influence on the heat-insulating effect of the air gap, which can be achieved through the aforementioned small channels.

At least one individual element of the main support member must absorb or remove force, i.e. acting statically, in the sense of a main support member. Depending on the particular requirement, the further individual element (s) can either also have a static effect or be non-force-absorbing or force-absorbing. The connection between the individual elements can then be designed according to the requirements, namely if necessary act force-transmitting or non-transmission.

In the case of the proposed facade construction, it is particularly advantageous that the thermal insulation only has to have a cover on the room side. The cover can consist of sheet metal or similar materials and represents the vapor barrier or vapor barrier. In contrast to conventional thermal insulation in the form of panels, which usually have two cover shells or covers and are designed as self-supporting elements, the present facade construction only requires the thermal insulation cover on the room side.

To further optimize the heat-insulating properties of the second thermal separation, the room-side cover of the thermal insulation is connected to the individual element of the main support member for holding it. This ensures that the cover is not connected to that associated with the first thermal separation Individual element has a contact and so would negatively affect the thermal insulation of the proposed facade construction.

The cover of the thermal insulation is expediently designed to be flush with the individual element of the main support element on the room side. A continuous surface or level can thus be created on the room side. Individual elements protruding into the room from the thermal insulation or individual elements springing back from the thermal insulation can thus be avoided, in particular for aesthetic reasons.

The poorly heat-conducting connection between the individual elements can preferably be designed as a web-like or also as a punctiform connection. The choice of the appropriate connection depends, among other things, on whether, for example, the individual element on the room side should also be designed to absorb or transfer force or whether a static bond is not provided in the area of the poorly heat-conducting connection.

If a web-like connection is selected, the poorly heat-conducting connection preferably consists of at least one insulating web or an insulating rail. The insulating web can be made of plastic or other poorly heat-conducting materials.

Preferably, the insulating web, with its free edges, engages in a form-fitting manner in undercuts formed on the individual elements in a shear-resistant or sliding manner and, for this purpose, preferably has a dovetail-shaped cross section in the free edge regions. The corresponding undercuts on the individual elements are particularly easy to produce if the individual elements are extruded from aluminum profiles. The individual elements will usually be hollow-profile-like elements. The advantage of the shear-resistant design is the higher rigidity of the entire main support member. Under certain circumstances, the disadvantage can be the so-called bimetal effect, since the room-side and the weather-side individual element heat up differently, in particular at low outside temperatures, and thus expand differently, and bending of the main support element can then occur. Such a bimetallic effect advantageously does not occur during the sliding formation, with the main support member having a lower rigidity here, since, for example, only the individual element arranged on the weather side is designed to absorb or transfer force, since the individual element on the room side then makes no contribution to the load-bearing effect.

The poorly heat-conducting construction, via which the corresponding cover can be connected to the main support members, can preferably be designed as a point connection. Several such spaced-apart point-like connections are then present over the length of the corresponding main support member.

If the punctiform connection is selected, the poorly heat-conducting construction preferably essentially consists of the holder of the weather-side cover on the main support member, in particular in the form of a screw made of preferably stainless steel, and sealing and plastic profiles or plastic spacer profiles arranged between the weather-side cover and the main support member. Thus there is a connection between the weather-side cover and the main support member. The poor heat-conducting properties of the stainless steel screws and the profiles used, as well as the air between the weather-side cover and the main support element, however, represent the area of the first thermal separation in a sufficient manner.

If screws are used, it is expedient to provide the corresponding individual element for the arrangement of the screw with passages or bores or to provide threads or threaded sleeves for the individual element.

Especially for aesthetic reasons, the area of the poorly heat-conducting connection between the individual elements is not designed to be visible on the room side. This is achieved in the parapet area by the flush design of the room-side individual element with the thermal insulation. In the visible area, however, there is no thermal insulation or insulating glass on the room side, so that the area of the connections between the individual elements would be visible.

In order to achieve this invisibility on the room side, the area of the connection between the individual elements can preferably have a cover profile.

Such a cover profile can be arranged laterally in the area of the connection between the individual elements, in particular clipped on, and in particular be flush with the corresponding surfaces of the individual elements.

However, the cover profile can also completely cover or cover the individual element visible on the room side and the connection area itself. Such a cover profile would then be U-shaped in cross-section, for example, and can be clipped or pushed onto the room-side individual element in a simple manner.

The proposed cover profiles expediently consist of plastic. The desired thermal separation is therefore retained. The cover profiles can also be adapted to the color of the individual elements or the cladding of the thermal insulation. Color requests can thus be taken into account in the broadest sense.

The weather-side cover is preferably held on the main support members by means of retaining strips overlapping its edge regions with sealing profiles arranged thereon.

Between the weather-side cover and the main support members, poorly heat-conducting spacers with sealing profiles arranged on them are preferably provided. The spacers are expediently made of plastic or other poorly heat-conducting materials.

The retaining strip itself is preferably attached to the main supporting elements of the facade by means of stainless steel screws. The weather-side cover clamped between the retaining strip and the spacers via the sealing profiles can thus be held securely on the main supporting members of the facade.

However, it is also possible to attach the retaining strip to the main support members of the facade via a poorly heat-conducting web-like part, in particular an insulating web or an insulating rail. For this purpose, the insulating web is again a special design in the edge areas, e.g. have a dovetail shape. Corresponding undercuts are then provided on the retaining strip and the opposite main support members of the facade. As an alternative, the cover can also be arranged on the corresponding main support member via load-bearing bonds. The adhesive instead of the spacers is poorly heat-conducting due to its material.

Fig. 1:

einen Querschnitt durch eine Fassadenkonstruktion im Brüstungsbereich,

Fig. 2:

einen Querschnitt entsprechend Fig. 1 im sichtbaren Bereich,

Fig. 3:

einen Querschnitt durch eine andere Ausgestaltung der Fassadenkonstruktion im Brüstungsbereich,

Fig. 4:

einen Querschnitt entsprechend Fig. 3 im sichtbaren Bereich und

Fig. 5:

einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Fassadenkonstruktion im Brüstungsbereich.

In the following, the invention will be explained in an exemplary manner on the basis of some preferred exemplary embodiments. It shows:

Fig. 1:

a cross section through a facade construction in the parapet area,

Fig. 2:

1 in the visible area,

Fig. 3:

a cross section through another embodiment of the facade construction in the parapet area,

Fig. 4:

3 in the visible area and

Fig. 5:

a cross section through a further facade construction in the parapet area.

Fig. 1 shows the cross section of a facade construction in the parapet area. A weather-side cover 2 of the facade consists of individual panes 4, the mutually facing free edges of which are spaced apart. Arranged at a distance from the cover 2 and thus forming an air gap, which can be closed or ventilated, is thermal insulation 6. This basic arrangement creates a ventilated or pressure-relieved facade construction in the parapet area. In the area of the free edges of the individual panes 4, a holding strip 8 is provided on the outside, ie on the weather side, and sealing profiles 10 are arranged at the free ends thereof. The retaining strip 8 overlaps with the sealing profiles 10 on the outer edge region of the individual panes 4. On the inside of the individual panes 4, ie on the room side, sealing profiles 12 are again provided for each side region of the individual panes 4, which are held in undercuts by plastic profiles 14. The end of the plastic profiles 14 facing away from the individual disks 4 is dovetail-shaped and in corresponding undercuts one Post 16 arranged. The spacing of the individual panes 4 from the thermal insulation 6 is accordingly determined by the arrangement of the plastic profiles 14 with the sealing profiles 12. The retaining strip 8 is held together with the individual disks 4, the sealing profiles 10, 12 and the plastic profiles 14 by means of a screw 18 on the post 16. The screw 18 is preferably made of poorly heat-conducting material, such as stainless steel. Several screws 18 are arranged in a punctiform manner - as seen over the longitudinal extent of the post 16. For receiving the screw 18, the retaining strip 8 has a corresponding bore, which is preferably designed such that the head of the screw 18 is flush with the outer surface of the retaining strip 8. A corresponding thread is provided in the side wall of the post 16, into which the screw 18 is screwed.

The area between the holding strip 8 or the cover 2 and the subsequent thermal insulation 6 and the post 16 is also the first, i.e. referred to weather-side thermal separation.

The post 16 is designed as a hollow profile with a rectangular cross section and can consist, for example, of aluminum. The thermal insulation 6 directly adjoins the side walls 20, 22 of the post 16. However, the post 16 is not guided up to the room-side, ie inner, end of the thermal insulation 6, which is formed by a room-side cover 24. Rather, the post 16 already ends within the thermal insulation 6. The area up to the end of the thermal insulation 6 is filled by a single element 26. The connection between the individual element 26 and the post 16 is poorly heat-conducting and, according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, takes place via two insulating webs 28. The insulating webs 28 are preferably made of plastic. The individual element 26 is - like the post 16 - a hollow section with a rectangular cross section, which can also be extruded from aluminum. The insulating webs 28 have a dovetail configuration at their edge regions 30 facing the individual element 26 or the post 16. The corresponding side walls of the individual element 26 or of the post 16, on which the insulating webs 28 are arranged, have corresponding undercuts. The supporting element of the facade or the main supporting element of the facade is consequently divided into two individual elements, namely the post 16 and the individual element 26.

1 shows that the individual element 26 and the post 16 are arranged at a distance from one another, it being possible for a shear-resistant or sliding connection to be produced by the insulating webs 28. The post 16 is designed as a force-absorbing or transferring element with a static function, the connection via the insulating webs 28 to the individual element 26, as mentioned, need not constitute a static bond. If this is desired for static or other reasons, however, a static bond can be formed in the aforementioned area. The side wall of the individual element 26 facing the room side runs flush with the cover 24 of the thermal insulation 6 in order to form a continuous parapet area on the room side.

The area of the entire thermal insulation is called the second, ie room-side thermal separation. This second thermal separation is not interrupted by the proposed poorly heat-conducting connection between the post 16 and the individual element 26 via the insulating webs 28. The thermal insulation properties of the facade construction shown in FIG. 1 and the following figures can thus be significantly improved.

The cover 24 of the thermal insulation 6 arranged on the room side is bent at right angles in the area of the individual element 26 in the direction of the cover 2 and thus comes into contact with the side walls of the individual element 26. With this configuration, the second thermal separation is retained in this area or the second thermal separation is not interrupted.

Fig. 2 shows a further cross section of the facade construction according to Fig. 1, but in the so-called visible area, i.e. 1. The parts identical in FIGS. 1 and 2 have identical reference numbers.

The weather-side cover 2 consists of double glazing 34 in the visible region. The individual panes 36 of the double glazing 34 are spaced apart from one another by spacers 38, the adhesive 40 of the double glazing 34 being shown on the outer edge region of the double glazing 34. The mutually facing edge regions of the double glazing 34 are spaced apart from one another, the double glazing 34 being - like the individual panes 4 according to FIG. 1 - arranged on the post 16 via the retaining strip 8, the sealing profiles 10, 12 and the screw 18. The thickness of the double glazing 34 corresponds to the thickness of the single pane 4 and that of the plastic profile 14 according to FIG. 1.

In the visible area, the thermal insulation 6 according to FIG. 1 is missing, so that the side areas of the post 16 and of the individual element 26 are visible from the room side. However, this also means that the poorly heat-conducting connection between the post 16 and the individual element 26 consisting of the insulating webs 28 is visible from the room side. Since this is generally not desired for aesthetic reasons, two cover profiles 42 are clipped in the area of the connection between the post 16 and the individual element 26. The space for the cover profiles 42 is created in that the insulating webs 28 are not arranged in the outer edge area, but at a distance from it. The cover profiles 42 are designed such that, after they have been clipped in, they run flush with the side walls 20, 22 of the post 16 and those of the individual element 26, both of which have the same width. The cover profiles 42 are preferably made of plastic and can be adapted to the color of the post 16 or the individual element 26.

As a rule, the individual element 26 will not have any load-bearing properties, so that the area of the connection between the post 16 and the individual element 26 does not have to represent a static bond. In this respect, the individual element 26 could also be omitted in the visible area. Then, however, there would be a crack or a tapering visible from the room side in the area of the post 16, which is generally not desirable for aesthetic reasons.

An alternative, not shown, consists in the arrangement of further room-side insulating glazing in the area between the main girders, ie between the posts 16 and the individual elements 26. These further insulating glazing would preferably be arranged on the individual elements 26 by means of conventional holding structures with sealing profiles. For this purpose, the individual element 26 could, for example, have projecting brackets running parallel to the planes of the individual disks 36, the free end regions of which are designed to accommodate the corresponding seals. These additional insulating glazing, not shown, could on the one hand be arranged in the visible area of the facade. Such an arrangement would also be conceivable in the parapet area, however, this insulating glazing, not shown, would then replace the thermal insulation 6 shown in FIG. The resulting facade construction would then correspond in an identical manner to the facade construction described in the main claim, whereby only the thermal insulation 6 would be replaced by the insulating glazing, not shown, mentioned here. The second thermal separation would then be the insulating glazing (not shown), the thermal insulation of such a facade construction being additionally influenced by the air cushion then created between the weather-side double glazing 34 and the insulating glazing, not shown. The design of the main support members, ie the posts 16 and the individual elements 26, would in principle be retained in this alternative design of the facade construction as it has been described for FIGS. 1 and 2 or for the following figures. The insulating glazing, not shown, could be fixed, ie immovable, on the individual elements 26 or also openable, so that easy access to the weather-side double glazing 34 could be created. As already mentioned, this proposed alternative facade construction can also be used in the parapet area. If, as is generally desired, the parapet area should continue to be made opaque, this can be done by coloring the glass panes of the insulating glazing, not shown here, for example.

3 corresponds fundamentally to the cross section according to FIG. 1. Identical parts are again provided with identical reference numbers.

The only difference is the arrangement of another cover profile 44 in the region of the individual element 26 or the connection between the individual element 26 and the post 16. The cover profile 44 is U-shaped in cross section and is pushed onto the individual element 26 from the room side or attached, so that the room side facing side wall and the side walls of the individual element 26 facing the thermal insulation 6 are covered. For this purpose, the external dimensions - seen in the direction of the thermal insulation 6 - are made narrower than the corresponding dimensions of the post 16 by twice the thickness of the webs of the cover profile 44.

FIG. 4 shows the cross section corresponding to FIG. 3, but not - as in FIG. 3 - in the parapet area but in the visible area. Here too, identical parts are provided with identical reference numbers.

While it is not necessary in the parapet area for the free ends of the cover profile 44 to extend to the post 16, this is desirable in the visible area in order to cover or cover the area of the connection between the post 16 and the individual element 26. However, it is also possible to design the cover profile 44 in the parapet area with longer webs, as shown in FIG. 4. The cover profile 44 can in turn be made of plastic and the color of the post 16 can be adapted.

Finally, FIG. 5 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a facade construction, which essentially corresponds to the facade construction according to FIG. 1. Identical parts are again identified by identical reference numbers.

Different from FIG. 5 is the fastening of the retaining strip 8 to the corresponding side wall of the post 16. It does not take place - as in FIG. 1 - via a screw 18, but via an insulating web 46. The insulating web 46 has - like the insulating webs 28 - The post 16 or the retaining strip 8 facing, dovetail-shaped edge regions 48. Correspondingly, there are 16 undercuts in the holding strip 8 and the corresponding side wall of the post provided for receiving the edge areas 48 of the insulating web 46.

Reference symbol list

2nd

weather-side cover

4th

Single disc

6

Thermal insulation

8th

Retaining bar

10th

Sealing profile

12

Sealing profile

14

Plastic profile

16

post

18th

screw

20th

Side wall

22

Side wall

24th

cover on the room side

26

Single element

28

Insulating bridge

30th

Edge area

34

Double glazing

36

Single disc

38

Spacers

40

Bonding

42

Cover profile

44

Cover profile

46

Insulating bridge

48

Edge area

Claims (23)

Facade construction, in which a first external, i.e., continuously in the entire parapet area, in particular also between the load-bearing elements of the facade or the main support members, such as the posts (16) or transoms. H. weather-side thermal separation and a second internal, d. H. thermal separation is arranged on the room side, a cover (2) with a subsequent air gap or insulating glazing or an insulating cover and a thermal insulation (6) with a cover (24) or insulating glazing on the weather side being arranged between the main supporting members and the main supporting members having a poor weather side thermally conductive construction (18, 12, 14) can be connected to the corresponding cover (2) and consist of at least two spaced apart individual elements (16, 26) which are connected to one another via further poorly heat-conducting connections (28). Facade construction according to Claim 1, in which an air gap is arranged between the weather-side insulating cover or the insulating glazing and the thermal insulation (6). Facade construction according to claim 1 or 2, in which the air gap is closed or depressurized. Facade construction according to Claim 1, in which at least one individual element (16) is designed to absorb or release force in the sense of a main support element. Facade construction according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the thermal insulation (6) has only one cover (24) on the room side. Facade construction according to Claim 1 or 5, in which the room-side cover (24) of the thermal insulation (6) is connected to the room-side individual element (26) of the main support member for holding it. Facade construction according to one of Claims 5 or 6, in which the cover (24) of the thermal insulation (6) is designed in alignment with the room-side individual element (26) of the main support member. Facade construction according to Claim 1, in which the poorly heat-conducting connection is designed as a web-like connection. Facade construction according to Claim 1 or 8, in which the poorly heat-conducting connection consists of at least one insulating web (28) or an insulating rail. Facade construction according to claim 9, in which the insulating web (28) engages with its free edges in a form-fitting manner in undercuts formed on the individual elements (16, 26) in a shear-resistant or sliding manner. Facade construction according to Claim 1, in which the poorly heat-conducting construction is designed as a punctiform connection. Facade construction according to Claim 1 or 11, in which the poorly heat-conducting construction is arranged from the holder of the weather-side cover (2) on the main support member, in particular in the form of a screw (18) preferably made of stainless steel, and between the weather-side cover (2) and the main support member Sealing (12) - and Plastic profiles (14) or plastic distance profiles. Facade construction according to Claim 12, in which the corresponding individual element (16) for the arrangement of the screw (18) has passages or threads or threaded sleeves. Facade construction according to Claim 1, in which the poorly heat-conducting connection between the individual elements (16, 26) is not designed to be visible from the room side. Facade construction according to Claim 14, in which the area of the connection has a cover profile (42; 44). Facade construction according to Claim 14 or 15, in which the cover profile (42) is arranged laterally in the region of the connection and in particular runs flush with the corresponding surfaces of the individual elements (16, 26). Facade construction according to Claim 15 or 16, in which the cover profile (44) completely covers or covers the individual element (26) visible on the room side and the area of the connection itself. Facade construction according to one of Claims 15 to 17, in which the cover profiles (42; 44) consist of plastic. Facade construction according to one of Claims 15 to 18, in which the cover profiles (42; 44) are matched to the color design of the individual elements (16, 26) or the room-side cover (24) of the thermal insulation (6). Facade construction according to one of claims 1 to 19, in which the weather-side cover (2) over its edge regions holding strips (8) with sealing profiles (10) arranged thereon are held on the main support members. Facade construction according to one of Claims 1 to 20, in which poorly heat-conducting spacers (14) with sealing profiles (12) arranged thereon are arranged between the weather-side cover (2) and the main support members. Facade construction according to Claim 20, in which the retaining strip is arranged on the main support members by means of stainless steel screws (18). Facade construction according to Claim 20, in which the retaining strip (8) is arranged on the main support members of the facade via a poorly heat-conducting web-like part, in particular an insulating web (46) or an insulating rail.

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