EP0548758A1 - Board and method to manufacture it - Google Patents

Board and method to manufacture it Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0548758A1
EP0548758A1 EP92121335A EP92121335A EP0548758A1 EP 0548758 A1 EP0548758 A1 EP 0548758A1 EP 92121335 A EP92121335 A EP 92121335A EP 92121335 A EP92121335 A EP 92121335A EP 0548758 A1 EP0548758 A1 EP 0548758A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
binder
water
approximately
fleece
mixture
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP92121335A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0548758B1 (en
Inventor
Friedrich-Wilhelm Borcherding
Günter Bücking
Berndt Dipl.-Ing. Greten
Günter Dipl.-Ing. Seeger
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Bison Werke Baehre and Greten GmbH and Co KG
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Bison Werke Baehre and Greten GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/18—Auxiliary operations, e.g. preheating, humidifying, cutting-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/10—Moulding of mats

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing plates according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a plate according to the preamble of patent claim 8.
  • nonwovens also called chip cakes
  • the surface of nonwovens also called chip cakes
  • a process for the production of surface-treated chip moldings in which a chemically reactive substance is added to a mixture consisting of comminuted, organic fiber materials and a binder, and after a cold pre-compression of this mixture onto the surface of the pre-compact, a thermosetting plastic resin sprayed on or poured on, which is already in the cold condition is precondensed.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method with which a chipboard, wood fiber or the like plate can be produced or to create a chipboard, wood fiber or the like plate that has a high bending strength, a smooth with a comparatively low binder content and has a closed and sealed surface and has no tendency to stick to the pressing surfaces.
  • the binder mixture also contains a reaction-accelerating component which, in cooperation with the other two components, ensures rapid curing of the binder in the press nip and contributes to adhesive effects the pressing surfaces are avoided and an optimally sealed outer layer is obtained.
  • the thermosetting binder containing a reaction-accelerating component applied directly in front of the press nip in the form of a mist to the nonwoven surface thereby avoiding that in the cold state precondensation and an undesirable boundary layer formation impairing the strength of the plates produced occur.
  • the total binder content can be reduced both in the case of a single-layer and in a multi-layer nonwoven structure, and at the same time a high flexural strength can be achieved.
  • thermosetting binder in the three-component mixture and the reaction-accelerating component in this mixture can consist of a commercially available component. It is particularly preferred to use a sulfonated polycondensation product based on melamine or the like which optimally fulfills the special requirements given in the use case according to the invention.
  • thermosetting binder contained in the water-binder mixture consists of the same binder that is already contained in the fleece, so that only a single type of binder is present across the plate, with a hardener introduced both with the one previously in the fleece already contained as well as can react with the subsequently applied binder.
  • a plate designed according to the invention consists of a uniformly formed and pressed under the influence of heat fleece, which only has a selectively higher binder content in one or both outer layers.
  • the plate can be made from several non-woven layers.
  • the outer layer (s) and the subsequent inner layer (s) are each assigned to one and the same fleece layer.
  • the invention can also be carried out in such a way that when the nonwoven is produced, the binder content is reduced to such an extent that the cohesion of the plate produced is subsequently guaranteed, but the flexural strength of such a plate would not be sufficient for practical use.
  • the proportion of binder in the surface area can be increased so that overall a significantly improved flexural strength of the plate is achieved.
  • the further advantage provided by this is that the average binder content of the board is significantly reduced without loss of strength. This is of considerable economic importance.
  • the surface of an endless conveyor belt 11 forming a transport surface is sprayed with a water-binder mixture 20 by means of a nozzle 16 connected to a storage vessel 21.
  • a nozzle 16 connected to a storage vessel 21.
  • this spraying of the conveyor belt is not necessary.
  • the nozzle 16 is followed by a feed device 17 for fine particles 18, for example containing 5% binder, e.g. Shredded wood chips are provided, which are deposited from above as a fleece 15 onto the transport surface 11 moistened with the water-binder mixture 20.
  • a further spray nozzle 19 is provided, which is connected to the same storage container 21 as the spray nozzle 16 which may be provided and which converts the water-binder mixture into a fog form and thus wets the nonwoven surface immediately before the press inlet.
  • the distance between the nozzle 19 and the press inlet is minimized, so that the time which elapses between the misting of the water-binder mixture on the fleece and the start of pressing in the heated press is very short.
  • the feed device 17 must also extend over the entire width of the transport surface 11, so that a uniformly thick fleece 15 is deposited on the transport surface 11 over the entire width.
  • the spray nozzles 16, 19 do not have to spray vertically from above onto the transport surface 11 or the fleece 15, but can also be inclined at an angle of up to 60 ° to the vertical.
  • the fleece 15 thus wetted up and down with the water-binder mixture is introduced into a double belt press 22 and, with heating, pressed therein to a plate 14 which, viewed in the direction of transport, emerges from the rear end of the double belt press 22 and rests on a flat base 23 .
  • the plate 14 has the structure shown in FIG. 2.
  • a middle layer 24 with a bulk density of 650 kg / m3 and a binder content, e.g. Urea resin, of 5% there are thin outer layers 25, 26 in which there is an increased binder content of, for example, 7.5% due to the spraying on of the water-binder mixture 20. Due to the stronger compression caused by the water content, the bulk density there is about 850 kg / m3.
  • a binder content e.g. Urea resin
  • the outer layers 25, 26 have a thickness of 0.4 mm, for example.
  • the spray nozzles 16, 19 can work with or without compressed air and should in any case ensure that the water-binder mixture is dissolved in a fine droplet of mist.
  • the transition from the lower binder concentration in the middle layer 24 to the higher concentration in the Outer layers 25, 26 are not abrupt, but rather flowing or continuous, so that the formation of boundary layers which impair strength is avoided.
  • thermosetting binders for example, urea resins, urea-melamine resins or mixtures thereof can be used as thermosetting binders.
  • An alternative binder mixture which can also be used in the context of the invention, consists of water, a paraffin emulsion and a release agent, and good results are achieved if the ratio by weight percentages is approximately 90: 9: 1.
  • Commercially available paraffin emulsions and release agents can be used.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Abstract

In a process for continuous or discontinuous manufacture of boards, a flat web (15) of chips, fibres or similar particles, which contain lignocellulose and/or cellulose treated with at least one added binder, is formed on a transport surface (11), wetted with a water/binder mixture (20) with a heat-curing binder and a reaction-accelerating component in the form of a mist immediately before pressing and then pressed under the action of heat between two pressing surfaces to give a board(14). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Platten nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 und eine Platte nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 8.The invention relates to a method for producing plates according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a plate according to the preamble of patent claim 8.

Auf dem Gebiet der Herstellung von Holzspan-, Holzfaser- oder dergleichen Platten ist es bekannt (Bisonprospekt "Endlos-Faserplatten-Anlagen" 3000-5.89-W.; DE-OS 39 02 705), daß der Bindemittelanteil bei einschichtigem Vliesaufbau im allgemeinen 8-10% oder ca. 11 bis ca. 13% und der Bindemittelanteil bei mehrschichtem Vliesaufbau ca. 6 bis ca. 8% in der Mittelschicht und ca. 11 bis ca. 13% in der(den) Deckschicht(en), jeweils bezogen auf atro (absolut trockene) Vliesteilchen, beträgt.
Es ist außerdem bereits bekannt (F. Kollmann, Holzwerkstoffe, Springer Verlag, 1966, S. 353 - 355), die Oberfläche von aus Feinteilchen wie Holzspänen bestehenden Vliesen (auch Spankuchen genannt) mit Wasser zu besprühen, um beim Fertigpressen glattere und härtere Oberflächen zu erhalten. Erhöht man die Menge des aufgesprühten Wassers zu sehr, so tritt ein Abfall der Rohdichte der äußeren Deckschicht und damit ein jäher Abfall der Querzugfestigkeit ein.In the field of the production of chipboard, wood fiber or similar boards, it is known (bison brochure "Endless fiberboard systems" 3000-5.89-W .; DE-OS 39 02 705) that the proportion of binder in a single-layer nonwoven structure is generally 8 -10% or approx. 11 to approx. 13% and the binder content in the case of a multi-layer nonwoven construction approx. 6 to approx. 8% in the middle layer and approx. 11 to approx. 13% in the top layer (s), in each case related on non-woven (absolutely dry) fleece particles.
It is also already known (F. Kollmann, Holzwerkstoffe, Springer Verlag, 1966, pp. 353 - 355) to spray the surface of nonwovens (also called chip cakes) consisting of fine particles such as wood chips in order to smooth and harder surfaces during the final pressing to obtain. If the amount of water sprayed on is increased too much, the bulk density of the outer cover layer drops and thus the cross-tensile strength drops suddenly.

Aus der DD-PS 56 627 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von oberflächenvergüteten Spanpreßkörpern bekannt, wobei man einem aus zerkleinerten, organischen Faserstoffen und einem Bindemittel bestehenden Gemisch eine chemisch reaktive Substanz zusetzt und nach Durchführung einer Kaltvorpressung dieses Gemischs auf die Oberfläche des Vorpreßlings ein wärmehärtbares Kunststoffharz aufsprüht oder aufgießt, welches durch die im Spankuchen befindliche Reagens schon im kalten Zustand zur Vorkondensation gebracht wird. Dabei entwickelt sich eine gallertartige Viskosität des Kunstharzes, und es wird an der Grenzfläche zwischen Spangemisch und Kunstharz eine Barriere aus dem Kunstharz erzeugt, die ein Abfließen des Kunstharzes in die saugfähige Oberfläche des Formlings während der momentanen Verflüssigung des Kunstharzes zu Beginn des Heißpreßvorgangs verhindert.From DD-PS 56 627 a process for the production of surface-treated chip moldings is known, in which a chemically reactive substance is added to a mixture consisting of comminuted, organic fiber materials and a binder, and after a cold pre-compression of this mixture onto the surface of the pre-compact, a thermosetting plastic resin sprayed on or poured on, which is already in the cold condition is precondensed. This creates a gelatinous viscosity of the synthetic resin, and a barrier is created from the synthetic resin at the interface between the chip mixture and synthetic resin, which prevents the synthetic resin from flowing off into the absorbent surface of the molding during the instantaneous liquefaction of the synthetic resin at the beginning of the hot-pressing process.

Nachteilig ist bei dieser speziellen Plattenfertigung vor allem, daß die im Rahmen der Barrierebildung auftretenden Grenzschichten die Festigkeit der Platte wesentlich beeinträchtigen.The disadvantage of this special plate production is, above all, that the boundary layers occurring as part of the barrier formation significantly impair the strength of the plate.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit dem eine Holzspan-, Holzfaser- oder dergleichen Platte hergestellt werden kann bzw. eine Holzspan-, Holzfaser- oder dergleichen Platte zu schaffen, die bei vergleichsweise geringem Bindemittelanteil eine hohe Biegefestigkeit, eine glatte sowie geschlossene und versiegelte Oberfläche aufweist und keine Klebetendenz an den Preßflächen besitzt.The invention has for its object to provide a method with which a chipboard, wood fiber or the like plate can be produced or to create a chipboard, wood fiber or the like plate that has a high bending strength, a smooth with a comparatively low binder content and has a closed and sealed surface and has no tendency to stick to the pressing surfaces.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sind die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der Patentansprüche 1 und 8 vorgesehen.To solve this problem, the characterizing features of claims 1 and 8 are provided.

Von wesentlicher Bedeutung für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist vor allem, daß das Bindemittelgemisch neben Wasser und einem wärmehärtbaren Bindemittel auch eine reaktionsbeschleunigende Komponente enthält, die in Zusammenwirken mit den beiden anderen Komponenten für eine schnelle Aushärtung des Bindemittels im Preßspalt sorgt und dazu beiträgt, daß Klebeeffekte an den Preßflächen vermieden werden und eine optimal versiegelte Außenschicht erhalten wird. Dabei ist es von besonderer Bedeutung, daß das eine reaktionsbeschleunigende Komponente enthaltende wärmehärtbare Bindemittel unmittelbar vor dem Preßspalt in Nebelform auf die Vliesoberfläche aufgebracht und damit vermieden wird, daß im kalten Zustand eine Vorkondensation und eine unerwünschte, die Festigkeit der hergestellten Platten beeinträchtigende Grenzschichtbildung auftritt. Überraschenderweise kann dabei der Gesamt-Bindemittelgehalt sowohl bei einem einschichtigen als auch bei einem mehrschichtigen Vliesaufbau herabgesetzt und gleichzeitig eine hohe Biegefestigkeit erzielt werden.It is particularly important for the process according to the invention that, in addition to water and a thermosetting binder, the binder mixture also contains a reaction-accelerating component which, in cooperation with the other two components, ensures rapid curing of the binder in the press nip and contributes to adhesive effects the pressing surfaces are avoided and an optimally sealed outer layer is obtained. It is particularly important that the thermosetting binder containing a reaction-accelerating component applied directly in front of the press nip in the form of a mist to the nonwoven surface, thereby avoiding that in the cold state precondensation and an undesirable boundary layer formation impairing the strength of the plates produced occur. Surprisingly, the total binder content can be reduced both in the case of a single-layer and in a multi-layer nonwoven structure, and at the same time a high flexural strength can be achieved.

Sowohl das wärmehärtende Bindemittel im Dreikomponentengemisch als auch die reaktionsbeschleunigende Komponente in diesem Gemisch kann aus einer handelsüblichen Komponente bestehen. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Verwendung eines sulfonierten Polykondensationsprodukts auf Basis Melamin oder dergl., das die im erfindungsgemäßen Verwendungsfall gegebenen besonderen Anforderungen optimal erfüllt.Both the thermosetting binder in the three-component mixture and the reaction-accelerating component in this mixture can consist of a commercially available component. It is particularly preferred to use a sulfonated polycondensation product based on melamine or the like which optimally fulfills the special requirements given in the use case according to the invention.

Bevorzugt besteht das im Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisch enthaltene wärmehärtende Bindemittel aus dem gleichen Bindemittel, das bereits im Vlies enthalten ist, so daß quer durch die Platte hindurch nur eine einzige Art von Bindemittel vorhanden ist, wobei ein eingebrachter Härter sowohl mit dem vorher im Vlies schon enthaltenen als auch noch mit dem nachträglich aufgebrachten Bindemittel reagieren kann.Preferably, the thermosetting binder contained in the water-binder mixture consists of the same binder that is already contained in the fleece, so that only a single type of binder is present across the plate, with a hardener introduced both with the one previously in the fleece already contained as well as can react with the subsequently applied binder.

Von Vorteil kann es ferner sein, wenn die Transportfläche vor dem Aufbringen des Vlieses mit dem Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisch benetzt wird.It can also be advantageous if the transport surface is wetted with the water-binder mixture before the fleece is applied.

Aufbringungsmengen für das Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisch und zuvor im Vlies vorliegende Bindemittelkonzentrationen sind in Anspruch 9 angegeben. Durch diese Bemessungsregeln kann eine erhöhte Biegefestigkeit bei insgesamt herabgesetztem Bindemittelgehalt erzielt werden. Der erhöhte Bindemittelgehalt in der Außenschicht bzw. in den Außenschichten überkompensiert also den geringeren Bindemittelgehalt im Innern des Vlieses.Application amounts for the water-binder mixture and binder concentrations previously present in the nonwoven are specified in claim 9. With these design rules, increased flexural strength can be achieved with a reduced total binder content. The increased binder content in the outer layer or in the outer layers overcompensated thus the lower binder content inside the fleece.

Eine gemäß der Erfindung ausgebildete Platte besteht aus einem einheitlich gebildeten und unter Hitzeeinwirkung gepreßten Vlies, welches in einer oder beiden Außenschichten lediglich einen gezielt höheren Bindemittelgehalt aufweist. Die Platte kann aus mehreren Vlieslagen hergestellt sein. Die Außenschicht(en) und die anschließende Innenschicht(en) sind jedoch jeweils ein und derselben Vlieslage zugeordnet.A plate designed according to the invention consists of a uniformly formed and pressed under the influence of heat fleece, which only has a selectively higher binder content in one or both outer layers. The plate can be made from several non-woven layers. However, the outer layer (s) and the subsequent inner layer (s) are each assigned to one and the same fleece layer.

Die Erfindung kann auch so ausgeführt werden, daß bei Herstellung des Vlieses mit einem so stark herabgesetzten Bindemittelanteil gearbeitet wird, daß anschließend zwar ein Zusammenhalt der hergestellten Platte gewährleistet ist, die Biegefestigkeit einer solchen Platte für den praktischen Gebrauch aber nicht ausreichen würde. Durch Aufsprühen einer geeigneten Menge eines Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisches vor dem Verpressen kann jedoch im Oberflächenbereich der Bindemittelanteil so erhöht werden, daß insgesamt eine wesentlich verbesserte Biegefestigkeit der Platte erreicht wird. Der hierdurch gegebene weitere Vorteil besteht darin, daß der mittlere Bindemittelgehalt der Platte ohne Festigkeitsverlust deutlich herabgesetzt ist. Dem kommt eine erhebliche wirtschaftliche Bedeutung zu.The invention can also be carried out in such a way that when the nonwoven is produced, the binder content is reduced to such an extent that the cohesion of the plate produced is subsequently guaranteed, but the flexural strength of such a plate would not be sufficient for practical use. By spraying a suitable amount of a water-binder mixture before pressing, however, the proportion of binder in the surface area can be increased so that overall a significantly improved flexural strength of the plate is achieved. The further advantage provided by this is that the average binder content of the board is significantly reduced without loss of strength. This is of considerable economic importance.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Merkmale der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Further advantageous refinements and features of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden beispielsweise anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben; in dieser zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens zur Herstellung von Holzspan-, Holzfaser- oder dergl. Platten, und
Fig. 2
einen schematischen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Platte.
The invention is described below, for example with reference to the drawing; in this shows:
Fig. 1
is a schematic representation of an apparatus for performing the method for producing wood chip, wood fiber or the like. Plates, and
Fig. 2
a schematic cross section through a plate according to the invention.

Die Oberfläche eines endlosen, eine Transportfläche bildenden Transportbandes 11 wird mittels einer an ein Vorratsgefäß 21 angeschlossenen Düse 16 mit einem Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisch 20 besprüht. Dieses Besprühen des Transportbandes stellt jedoch keine Notwendigkeit dar. In der durch einen Pfeil gekennzeichneten Transportrichtung folgt auf die Düse 16 eine Aufgabevorrichtung 17 für mit beispielsweise 5% Bindemittel versetzte Feinteilchen 18, z.B. zerfaserte Holzspäne vorgesehen, die von oben als Vlies 15 auf die mit dem Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisch 20 befeuchtete Transportfläche 11 abgelegt werden.The surface of an endless conveyor belt 11 forming a transport surface is sprayed with a water-binder mixture 20 by means of a nozzle 16 connected to a storage vessel 21. However, this spraying of the conveyor belt is not necessary. In the direction of transport indicated by an arrow, the nozzle 16 is followed by a feed device 17 for fine particles 18, for example containing 5% binder, e.g. Shredded wood chips are provided, which are deposited from above as a fleece 15 onto the transport surface 11 moistened with the water-binder mixture 20.

Nach der Aufgabevorrichtung 18 und unmittelbar vor dem Presseneinlauf ist eine weitere Sprühdüse 19 vorgesehen, die an den gleichen Vorratsbehälter 21 wie die gegebenenfalls vorgesehene Sprühdüse 16 angeschlossen ist und das Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisch in Nebelform überführt und damit die Vliesoberfläche unmittelbar vor dem Presseneinlauf benetzt. Der Abstand zwischen der Düse 19 und dem Presseneinlauf ist minimiert, so daß die Zeitspanne sehr gering ist, die zwischen dem Aufnebeln des Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisches auf das Vlies und dem Beginn des Pressens in der beheizten Presse verstreicht.After the feed device 18 and immediately before the press inlet, a further spray nozzle 19 is provided, which is connected to the same storage container 21 as the spray nozzle 16 which may be provided and which converts the water-binder mixture into a fog form and thus wets the nonwoven surface immediately before the press inlet. The distance between the nozzle 19 and the press inlet is minimized, so that the time which elapses between the misting of the water-binder mixture on the fleece and the start of pressing in the heated press is very short.

Es versteht sich, daß bei breiteren Transportbändern 11 mehrere Sprühdüsen 16 bzw. 19 nebeneinander anzuordnen sind, um über die gesamte Breite des Vlieses 15 eine gleichmäßige Benetzung mit dem Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisch 20 zu erzielen.It is understood that in the case of wider conveyor belts 11, a plurality of spray nozzles 16 and 19 are to be arranged next to one another in order to achieve a uniform wetting with the water-binder mixture 20 over the entire width of the fleece 15.

In ähnlicher Weise muß sich auch die Aufgabevorrichtung 17 über die gesamte Breite der Transportfläche 11 erstrecken, damit ein über die gesamte Breite gleichmäßig dickes Vlies 15 auf der Transportfläche 11 abgelegt wird.In a similar way, the feed device 17 must also extend over the entire width of the transport surface 11, so that a uniformly thick fleece 15 is deposited on the transport surface 11 over the entire width.

Die Sprühdüsen 16, 19 müssen nicht senkrecht von oben auf die Transportfläche 11 bzw. das Vlies 15 sprühen, sondern können auch unter einem Winkel bis 60° zur Vertikalen geneigt sein.The spray nozzles 16, 19 do not have to spray vertically from above onto the transport surface 11 or the fleece 15, but can also be inclined at an angle of up to 60 ° to the vertical.

Das so oben und unten mit dem Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisch benetzte Vlies 15 wird in eine Doppelbandpresse 22 eingeführt und darin unter Erhitzung zu einer Platte 14 gepreßt, die in Transportrichtung gesehen aus dem hinteren Ende der Doppelbandpresse 22 austritt und auf einer ebenen Unterlage 23 aufliegt.The fleece 15 thus wetted up and down with the water-binder mixture is introduced into a double belt press 22 and, with heating, pressed therein to a plate 14 which, viewed in the direction of transport, emerges from the rear end of the double belt press 22 and rests on a flat base 23 .

Die Platte 14 hat den in Fig. 2 wiedergegebenen Aufbau. Beidseits einer Mittelschicht 24 mit einer Rohdichte von 650 kg/m³ und einem Bindemittelgehalt, z.B. Harnstoffharz, von 5% befinden sich dünne Außenschichten 25, 26, in denen aufgrund der Aufsprühung des Wasser-Bindemittel-GemischeS 20 ein erhöhter Bindemittelgehalt von beispielsweise 7,5% vorliegt. Aufgrund der durch den Wassergehalt mitbedingten stärkeren Zusammenpressung beträgt dort die Rohdichte etwa 850 kg/m³.The plate 14 has the structure shown in FIG. 2. On both sides of a middle layer 24 with a bulk density of 650 kg / m³ and a binder content, e.g. Urea resin, of 5% there are thin outer layers 25, 26 in which there is an increased binder content of, for example, 7.5% due to the spraying on of the water-binder mixture 20. Due to the stronger compression caused by the water content, the bulk density there is about 850 kg / m³.

Die Außenschichten 25, 26 weisen beispielsweise eine Dicke von 0,4 mm auf.The outer layers 25, 26 have a thickness of 0.4 mm, for example.

Die Sprühdüsen 16, 19 können mit oder ohne Druckluft arbeiten und sollen auf jeden Fall dafür sorgen, daß das Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisch in einen aus feinsten Tröpfchen bestehenden Nebel aufgelöst wird.The spray nozzles 16, 19 can work with or without compressed air and should in any case ensure that the water-binder mixture is dissolved in a fine droplet of mist.

Der Übergang von der geringeren Bindemittelkonzentration in der mittleren Schicht 24 zu der höheren Konzentration in den Außenschichten 25, 26 ist nicht sprungartig, sondern fließend bzw. stetig, so daß die Bildung von die Festigkeit beeinträchtigenden Grenzschichten vermieden wird.The transition from the lower binder concentration in the middle layer 24 to the higher concentration in the Outer layers 25, 26 are not abrupt, but rather flowing or continuous, so that the formation of boundary layers which impair strength is avoided.

Es wurde bereits darauf hingewiesen, daß als wärmehärtbare Bindemittel beispielsweise Harnstoffharze, Harnstoff-Melaminharze bzw. deren Gemische verwendet werden können. Ein alternatives Bindemittelgemisch, das im Rahmen der Erfindung ebenfalls verwendbar ist, besteht aus Wasser, einer Paraffinemulsion und einem Trennmittel, wobei gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden, wenn die Verhältnisse der Gewichtsprozente etwa 90:9:1 betragen. Dabei können handelsübliche Paraffinemulsionen und Trennmittel verwendet werden.It has already been pointed out that, for example, urea resins, urea-melamine resins or mixtures thereof can be used as thermosetting binders. An alternative binder mixture, which can also be used in the context of the invention, consists of water, a paraffin emulsion and a release agent, and good results are achieved if the ratio by weight percentages is approximately 90: 9: 1. Commercially available paraffin emulsions and release agents can be used.

Claims (10)

Verfahren zum Herstellen von Platten, bei dem ein ebenes Vlies (15) aus mit mindestens einem härtbaren Bindemittel, wie z.B. Harnstoffharz, Harnstoff-Melaminharz bzw. deren Gemische mit einem anderen Kunstharz, versetzten lignozellulose- und/oder zellulosehaltigen Spänen, Fasern oder dergleichen Teilchen auf einer Transportfläche (11) gebildet, auf der von der Transportfläche (11) abgewandten Oberfläche mit einem Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisch versehen und dann unter Hitzeeinwirkung zwischen zwei Preßflächen zu einer Platte (14) gepreßt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, - daß das Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisch ein wärmehärtendes Bindemittel sowie eine reaktionsbeschleunigende Komponente enthält oder vorzugsweise aus einem sulfonierten od.dgl. Polykondensationsprodukt auf Basis Melamin od.dgl. besteht oder anstelle eines Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisches ein Gemisch aus Wasser, einer Paraffinemulsion und einem Trennmittel eingesetzt wird, wobei das Gemisch - in Form eines Nebels unmittelbar vor einem waagerecht verlaufenden oder einem gekrümmten bzw. einem in etwa halbkreisförmigen Preßspalt einer kontinuierlich arbeitenden Presse zumindest auf die von der Transportfläche (11) abgewandte Oberfläche des Vlieses, das vor dem Eintritt in den Preßspalt vorverdichtet und/oder vorerwärmt sein kann, aufgebracht wird. Process for the production of plates, in which a flat fleece (15) made of shavings, fibers or similar particles containing lignocellulosic and / or cellulosic material is mixed with at least one hardenable binder, such as urea resin, urea-melamine resin or their mixtures with another synthetic resin formed on a transport surface (11), provided on the surface facing away from the transport surface (11) with a water-binder mixture and then pressed under the action of heat between two pressing surfaces to form a plate (14),
characterized, - That the water-binder mixture contains a thermosetting binder and a reaction-accelerating component or preferably from a sulfonated or the like. Polycondensation product based on melamine or the like. consists or a mixture of water, a paraffin emulsion and a release agent is used instead of a water-binder mixture, the mixture - In the form of a mist directly in front of a horizontally running or a curved or an approximately semicircular press nip of a continuously operating press at least on the surface of the fleece facing away from the transport surface (11), which pre-compresses and / or preheats before entering the press nip can be applied. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das wärmehärtende Bindemittel im Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisch das gleiche ist, das bereits im Vlies (15) enthalten ist.Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the thermosetting binder in the water-binder mixture is the same that is already contained in the fleece (15). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisch 2,5 bis 50%, vorzugsweise 20 bis 40% und insbesondere etwa 30% Bindemittel enthält.The method of claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the water-binder mixture contains 2.5 to 50%, preferably 20 to 40% and in particular about 30% binder. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß auf die Vliesoberfläche je nach Vlieshöhe und/oder je nach Dicke der zu erzeugenden harten Außenschicht(en) 5 g/m² bis zu 300 g/m², insbesondere etwa 20 bis 40 g/m² Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisch aufgebracht wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that 5 g / m² up to 300 g / m², in particular about 20 to 40 g / m² water-binder mixture is applied to the fleece surface depending on the fleece height and / or depending on the thickness of the hard outer layer (s) to be produced. Verfahren nacheinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisch eine solche Bindemittelkonzentration aufweist und in solcher Menge auf die Vliesoberfläche aufgebracht wird, daß dort ein Festbindemittelanteil von mehr als 6&, insbesondere 7%, und maximal 12%, vorzugsweise weniger als 10% und insbesondere weniger als 8%, insbesondere von etwa 7,5% vorliegt.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the water-binder mixture has such a binder concentration and is applied to the nonwoven surface in such an amount that there is a solid binder content of more than 6%, in particular 7%, and a maximum of 12%, preferably less than 10% and in particular less than 8% , in particular of approximately 7.5%. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Bindemittelkonzentration im einschichtigen Vlies (15) vor dem Aufbringen des Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisches größer als 4% und kleiner als 6%, insbesondere ungefähr 5% ist und in einem mehrschichten Vlies vor dem Aufbringen des Wasser-Bindemittel-Gemisches in der Mittelschicht entsprechend gewählt ist und in der (den) Deckschicht(en) zwischen ca. 7,5 und ca. 13% beträgt.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the binder concentration in the single-layer fleece (15) before the application of the water-binder mixture is greater than 4% and less than 6%, in particular approximately 5%, and in a multi-layer fleece before the application of the water-binder mixture in the middle layer is selected accordingly and in the top layer (s) is between approx. 7.5 and approx. 13%. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß bei Verwendung eines Bindemittelgemisches aus Wasser, einer Paraffinemulsion und einem Trennmittel das Verhältnis der Gewichtsprozente der Bestandteile etwa 90:9:1 beträgt.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that when using a binder mixture of water, a paraffin emulsion and a release agent, the ratio of the weight percent of the components is about 90: 9: 1. Platte, insbesondere hergestellt durch das Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die aus mit mindestens einem wärmehärtenden Bindemittel versetzten lignozellulose- und/oder zellulosehaltigen unter Hitzeeinwirkung zusammengepreßten Spänen, Fasern oder dergleichen Teilchen besteht,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in wenigstens einer Außenschicht (25, 26) der Bindemittelanteil und damit die Rohdichte gegenüber dem eine oder mehrere Schichten aufweisenden Inneren erhöht ist, wobei in der inneren Schicht die Rohdichte bei etwa 550 bis 750, vorzugsweise bei etwa 600 bis 700 und insbesondere bei etwa 650 kg/m³ liegt und bei Vorhandensein einer oder mehrerer Schichten unterhalb wenigstens einer Außenschicht in dieser Schicht 750 bis 950, vorzugsweise 800 bis 900 und insbesondere etwa 850 kg/m³ beträgt.Plate, in particular produced by the method according to one of the preceding claims, which consists of lignocellulosic and / or cellulosic chips, fibers or similar particles mixed with at least one thermosetting binder, which are compressed under the action of heat,
characterized,
that in at least one outer layer (25, 26) the proportion of binder and thus the bulk density is increased compared to the interior having one or more layers, the bulk density in the inner layer being approximately 550 to 750, preferably approximately 600 to 700 and in particular approximately 650 kg / m³ and, if one or more layers are present below at least one outer layer in this layer, is 750 to 950, preferably 800 to 900 and in particular approximately 850 kg / m³. Platte nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in den Außenschichten (25, 26) ein Fest-Bindemittelanteil im Bereich von ca. 7,5 bis ca. 13% vorliegt, während die Bindemittelkonzentration im Inneren vorzugsweise größer als 4% und kleiner als 6% ist und insbesondere etwa 5% beträgt.Plate according to claim 8,
characterized,
that in the outer layers (25, 26) there is a solid binder content in the range from approximately 7.5 to approximately 13%, while the binder concentration in the interior is preferably greater than 4% and less than 6% and in particular is approximately 5% . Platte nach Anspruch 8 oder 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß ihre Biegefestigkeit größer als 50 kg/mm² ist, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 55 bis 65 kg/mm² liegt und insbesondere etwa 60 kg/mm² beträgt.Plate according to claim 8 or 9,
characterized,
that their bending strength is greater than 50 kg / mm², preferably in the range from 55 to 65 kg / mm² and in particular is approximately 60 kg / mm².
EP92121335A 1991-12-20 1992-12-15 Board and method to manufacture it Expired - Lifetime EP0548758B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4142438 1991-12-20
DE4142438A DE4142438A1 (en) 1991-12-20 1991-12-20 PLATE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

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EP0548758A1 true EP0548758A1 (en) 1993-06-30
EP0548758B1 EP0548758B1 (en) 1996-05-01

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DE4425472C1 (en) * 1994-07-19 1996-01-18 Heraklith Baustoffe Ag Impregnating insulating mat made from natural fibres
EP0749814A1 (en) * 1995-06-23 1996-12-27 Giuseppe Locati A substantially lattice-like composite material having a large percentage of open spaces and method of making it
EP2388117A1 (en) * 2010-05-17 2011-11-23 Flooring Technologies Ltd. Method and assembly for manufacturing a wooden work surface
WO2013131528A1 (en) 2012-03-06 2013-09-12 Homatherm Ag Process for producing a wood-base material board

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WO2013131528A1 (en) 2012-03-06 2013-09-12 Homatherm Ag Process for producing a wood-base material board

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ES2086629T3 (en) 1996-07-01
DE59206180D1 (en) 1996-06-05
DE4142438A1 (en) 1993-06-24
ATE137435T1 (en) 1996-05-15
EP0548758B1 (en) 1996-05-01
DK0548758T3 (en) 1996-06-03

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