EP0528427B1 - High pressure discharge lamp - Google Patents

High pressure discharge lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0528427B1
EP0528427B1 EP92114222A EP92114222A EP0528427B1 EP 0528427 B1 EP0528427 B1 EP 0528427B1 EP 92114222 A EP92114222 A EP 92114222A EP 92114222 A EP92114222 A EP 92114222A EP 0528427 B1 EP0528427 B1 EP 0528427B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
discharge lamp
plug
pressure discharge
lamp according
electrical feedthrough
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EP92114222A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0528427A1 (en
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Gottfried Eichelbrönner
Stefan Dr. Jüngst
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Osram GmbH
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Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
    • H01J61/366—Seals for leading-in conductors

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Feedthroughs made of niobium are usually used (DE-PS 1 471 379). However, these are only of limited suitability for long lifespans and good color rendering, since the niobium tube and the melting ceramic used for sealing corrode particularly strongly in lamps with metal halide filling. An improvement is described in EP-PS 136 505. Due to the shrinking process of the "green" ceramic, the niobium tube is melted tight during final sintering without melting ceramic. This is possible because both materials have approximately the same thermal expansion coefficient (8 x 10 ⁇ 6 K ⁇ 1).
  • a bushing with a surface made of platinum, iron, nickel or cobalt which has a core made of an alloy adapted to the ceramic.
  • the bushing may be tapered and connected to the stopper using a ceramic inner support, both also tapered, by axial pressing under a certain pressure and in a certain gas atmosphere.
  • Discharge lamps are known from DE-PS 25 48 732 and 26 41 880, in which the tubular current feedthrough consists of tungsten, molybdenum or rhenium, the tube being supported by a ceramic cylinder with straight, axially aligned walls in its interior. It is made solid or hollow, in the latter case the bore serves as a pump nozzle and is subsequently closed.
  • the seal between the bushing and the ceramic parts lying inside and outside, both of which had already been sintered beforehand at a temperature of 1850 ° C is still made using a melting ceramic, so that the susceptibility to corrosion of these lamps is improved, but especially when using Metal halide fillings do not yet meet the desired requirements.
  • a corrosion-resistant melting ceramic it has so far not been possible to develop a corrosion-resistant melting ceramic.
  • the invention uses the shrinking process of a green ceramic for the sealing between the stopper and the non-adapted bushing, thereby avoiding the use of the melting ceramic, which is susceptible to corrosion.
  • an inner support in the form of an already finished sintered ceramic is used, which is no longer exposed to a shrinking process.
  • Inner support and stopper should consist of the same ceramic material. The combination of these two measures extends the life of these lamps considerably (up to a factor of four).
  • Sealing is achieved by initially leaving the end plug as a green body into which the tubular current feedthrough including the inner support is inserted. In the final sintering of the stopper, the necessary secure bond is achieved by shrinking the end stopper (approx. 2-20%). The expanding green body of the end plug presses on the pipe and presses it against the inner support body. The temperatures required for this (approx. 1850 ° C) are far from being reached at the end plug during lamp operation (approx. 1100 ° C).
  • the melting ceramic is also dispensed with in the inner support.
  • the idea here is to put the seal on the To create the inside of the current feedthrough by the pressure of the plug on the outside.
  • the inner support is in the form of a solid cylinder or a cylindrical tube (hollow cylinder). In the latter case, the central hole is used for pumping and filling purposes. You can later with a melting ceramic or the like. be closed.
  • the height of the inner support is smaller than the height of the stopper has proven particularly useful, especially if the inner support is also fastened in the tube without melting ceramic or metallot.
  • a typical value is a 30% reduction.
  • One embodiment shows particular advantages in which tapers at least part of the inner support. This shape makes it considerably easier to adapt the composite parts (plug-pipe inner support), since differences in diameter are automatically compensated for by axial displacement. The initial fit only has to be accurate to about 200 »m. In addition, the mounting of the inner support in the tube is automatically ensured before it is connected. This embodiment is particularly well suited for connection technology without melting ceramics.
  • the tube itself can already have a conical section, the angle of inclination being the same for the inner support and tube (typically 10 °).
  • the inner support typically 10 °
  • the originally circular cylindrical tube is first pressed into a conical shape. This is advantageously done by friction welding, in that the tube is pulled onto the inner support while constantly rotating it.
  • the tube can already be slightly conical (typically 5 °) and additionally expanded (to typically 10 °) during friction welding. Then this assembly is inserted into the conically shaped green body of the end plug and the end plug is sintered.
  • the invention provides a high-pressure discharge lamp with a long service life, the tightness of which is not impaired even by the use of halide-containing fillings.
  • the discharge vessel is usually tubular, either cylindrical or bulged in the middle. It is often arranged in a one- or two-sided outer bulb.
  • a metal halide discharge lamp with an output of 150 W is shown schematically in FIG. It consists of a cylindrical outer bulb 1 made of tempered glass, which defines a lamp axis and is squeezed (2) and rocked (3) on two sides.
  • the axially arranged discharge vessel 8 made of Al2O3 ceramic is bulged in the middle 4 and has cylindrical ends 9. It is held in the outer bulb 1 by means of two power supply lines 6, which are connected to the base parts 3 via foils 5.
  • the power supply lines 6 are welded to tubular bushings 10, which are each fitted in a stopper 11 at the end of the discharge vessel.
  • the two bushings 10 made of molybdenum (or also tungsten, possibly alloyed with rhenium) each hold electrodes 12 on the discharge side, consisting of an electrode shaft 13 and a coil 14 pushed on at the discharge end.
  • the filling of the discharge vessel consists of an inert ignition gas, e.g. Argon, from mercury and additives to metal halides.
  • the melting area at one end of the discharge vessel 8 is shown in detail in FIG.
  • the discharge vessel 8 has a wall thickness of 1.2 mm at its two ends 9.
  • a cylindrical stopper 11 made of Al2O3 ceramic is inserted into the end 9 of the discharge vessel. Its outer diameter is 3.3 mm with a height of 5 mm.
  • a bushing a molybdenum tube 10 with a length of 12 mm, a wall thickness of 0.1 mm and a constant diameter of 1.4 mm fitted, which is closed at the discharge end 15.
  • the shaft 13 is welded onto the end 15.
  • the tube 10 projects beyond the plug 11 on both sides.
  • a ceramic inner support 16 made of Al2O3 is arranged at the level of the plug. It is a solid cylinder, the outer diameter of which is closely matched to the inner diameter of the tube 10 (to approximately 15 »m) and which is connected to the tube by a metal layer 17 located therebetween. In contrast, there is no additional compound between tube 10 and plug 11.
  • the plug 11 is sintered directly onto the tube 10.
  • the stopper 11 is also sintered onto the tube 18, which is sealed gas-tight on the discharge side in that the electrode shaft 13 is welded into the open end of the tube 18.
  • the inner support 19, which has approximately the height of the plug, is tightly fitted into the tube 18 - the tolerance is approximately 50 »m - and thereby forms a counterpart in the shrinking process of the plug 11, which provides a solid gas-tight contact between the tube 18 and the inner support 19 ensures.
  • a stop for the inner support can be used. It can be in the In the simplest case, it is an annular spring part made of high-melting material that is spread into the cylindrical tube. As shown in FIG. 3, an extension 25 of the inner support serving as a spacer, which rests on the shaft 13 of the electrode, is particularly suitable.
  • the tightness is further improved in that the inner support 20, which is designed here as a hollow cylinder, has a reduced height of 3.5 mm in comparison to the stopper 11 and in the tube 18 in the middle with respect to the height the plug is arranged.
  • indentations 21 form, which extend from the end edges 22 of the inner support to the height of the end faces 23 of the plug. The reason is that the resistance of the inner support when the plug ceramic shrinks is missing in these sections.
  • the indentations 21 are exaggerated because in reality they are barely visible to the naked eye.
  • the fit of the stopper and the tightness of the bushing 18 on both its outside and inside are additionally improved.
  • the hollow cylinder 20 can be used in this version as a pump nozzle if the tube 18 is equipped with an opening 18 '. After evacuation and filling, the hollow cylinder 20 is closed by a suitable melting ceramic 24 in a manner known per se.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 Another option, especially at an inner support which is shortened in comparison to the plug can be used is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the stop is formed by a conical central section 26 or 27 of the tube 28 or 29, against which a corresponding conical end section 30 or 31 of the inner support 32 or 33 abuts. It does not matter whether the conical section is arranged on the side of the bushing facing the discharge (FIG. 5) or the side facing away (FIG. 6). In both cases, the plug 11 is also provided with corresponding bevels 34, 35.
  • the inner support 33 can be offset relative to the stopper on the side remote from the discharge or even protrude on the end face of the stopper.
  • the inner support can be fastened using both of the techniques previously shown (FIGS. 2 and 3).
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 Embodiments with special advantages are shown in FIGS. 7 to 9.
  • a completely conical inner support is inserted in the conical central sections 27 of the tube 29, offset to the side remote from the discharge.
  • the inner support can again be solid (Fig. 7) as a truncated cone 36 or tubular with conical inner walls (36 'in Fig. 8) or straight inner walls (36 ⁇ in Fig. 9). With this arrangement, the advantages of a stop can be ideally combined with the reduced requirement for the tolerances to be observed.
  • FIG. 9 meets extremely high requirements for tightness and thus a long service life. It essentially corresponds to that Examples of FIGS. 7 and 8, but here is a particularly secure connection between the molybdenum tube 29 and the conical inner support 36bid by friction welding.
  • a connecting layer 37 a few atomic layers thick (drawn in excessively strongly in FIG. 9 for clarity) is formed between the molybdenum tube and the inner support.
  • the angle of inclination of the cone is less than 10 ° here in order to keep the mechanical deformation of the originally straight molybdenum tube 29 as low as possible.
  • the bevels 35 of the plug have the same inclination.
  • the end section 38 of the tube with an enlarged diameter starts directly at the base end 39 of the inner support, in accordance with the method of manufacture.
  • the friction welding technique can also be applied to the partially conical embodiments.

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Hochdruckentladungslampe gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention is based on a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1.

Es handelt sich hierbei beispielsweise um Natriumhochdrucklampen, insbesondere jedoch um Metallhalogenid-Lampen mit verbesserter Farbwiedergabe. Die Benutzung eines keramischen Entladungsgefäßes gestattet den Betrieb bei den dafür benötigten höheren Temperaturen. Typische Leistungsstufen sind 100 - 250 W. Die Enden des rohrförmigen Entladungsgefäßes sind mit zylindrischen keramischen Endstopfen verschlossen, die mittig eine metallische Stromdurchführung aufweisen.These are, for example, high pressure sodium lamps, but in particular metal halide lamps with improved color rendering. The use of a ceramic discharge vessel allows operation at the higher temperatures required for this. Typical power levels are 100 - 250 W. The ends of the tubular discharge vessel are closed with cylindrical ceramic end plugs, which have a metal feedthrough in the middle.

Üblicherweise werden Durchführungen aus Niob verwendet (DE-PS 1 471 379). Für lange Lebensdauern und gute Farbwiedergabe sind diese jedoch nur bedingt geeignet, da insbesondere bei Lampen mit Metallhalogenid-Füllung das Niob-Rohr und die zur Abdichtung verwendete Schmelzkeramik stark korrodieren. Eine Verbesserung wird in der EP-PS 136 505 beschrieben. Das Niobrohr wird aufgrund des Schrumpfungsprozesses der "grünen" Keramik beim Endsintern ohne Schmelzkeramik dicht eingeschmolzen. Dies ist gut möglich, weil beide Materialien in etwa den gleichen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten (8 x 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹) besitzen.Feedthroughs made of niobium are usually used (DE-PS 1 471 379). However, these are only of limited suitability for long lifespans and good color rendering, since the niobium tube and the melting ceramic used for sealing corrode particularly strongly in lamps with metal halide filling. An improvement is described in EP-PS 136 505. Due to the shrinking process of the "green" ceramic, the niobium tube is melted tight during final sintering without melting ceramic. This is possible because both materials have approximately the same thermal expansion coefficient (8 x 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹).

Andererseits sind auch Durchführungen aus anderen Metallen erprobt worden.On the other hand, bushings made of other metals have also been tested.

Aus der GB-PS 1 152 134 ist eine Durchführung mit einer Oberfläche aus Platin, Eisen, Nickel oder Kobalt bekannt, die einen Kern aus einer der Keramik angepaßten Legierung besitzt. Die Durchführung kann konisch geformt sein und mit dem Stopfen unter Verwendung einer keramischen Innenstütze, beide ebenfalls konisch geformt, durch axiales Pressen unter einem bestimmten Druck und in einer bestimmten Gas-Atmosphäre verbunden sein.From GB-PS 1 152 134 a bushing with a surface made of platinum, iron, nickel or cobalt is known, which has a core made of an alloy adapted to the ceramic. The bushing may be tapered and connected to the stopper using a ceramic inner support, both also tapered, by axial pressing under a certain pressure and in a certain gas atmosphere.

Aus den DE-PS 25 48 732 und 26 41 880 sind Entladungslampen bekannt, bei denen die rohrförmige Stromdurchführung aus Wolfram, Molybdän oder Rhenium besteht, wobei das Rohr durch einen keramischen Zylinder mit geraden, axial ausgerichteten Wänden in seinem Inneren gestützt wird. Er ist massiv oder hohl ausgeführt, wobei im letzteren Fall die Bohrung als Pumpstutzen dient und nachträglich verschlossen wird. Die Abdichtung zwischen der Durchführung und den innen und außen anliegenden keramischen Teilen, die beide bereits vorher bei einer Temperatur von 1850 °C fertiggesintert wurden, erfolgt allerdings weiterhin mittels einer Schmelzkeramik, so daß die Korrosionsanfälligkeit dieser Lampen zwar verbessert ist, aber insbesondere beim Einsatz von Metallhalogenid-Füllungen den gewünschten Anforderungen noch nicht entspricht. Trotz großer Anstrengungen ist es bisher nicht gelungen, eine korrosionsbeständige Schmelzkeramik zu entwickeln.Discharge lamps are known from DE-PS 25 48 732 and 26 41 880, in which the tubular current feedthrough consists of tungsten, molybdenum or rhenium, the tube being supported by a ceramic cylinder with straight, axially aligned walls in its interior. It is made solid or hollow, in the latter case the bore serves as a pump nozzle and is subsequently closed. However, the seal between the bushing and the ceramic parts lying inside and outside, both of which had already been sintered beforehand at a temperature of 1850 ° C, is still made using a melting ceramic, so that the susceptibility to corrosion of these lamps is improved, but especially when using Metal halide fillings do not yet meet the desired requirements. Despite great efforts, it has so far not been possible to develop a corrosion-resistant melting ceramic.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine temperaturwechsel- und korrosionsbeständige Durchführung zu schaffen, die insbesondere auch für halogenidhaltige Füllungen verwendbar ist.It is an object of the invention to provide a bushing which is resistant to changes in temperature and corrosion and which can also be used in particular for fillings containing halide.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Lampe der eingangs beschriebenen Art durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen finden sich in den abhängigen Ansprüchen.This object is achieved in a lamp of the type described in the opening paragraph by the characterizing features of claim 1. Particularly advantageous configurations can be found in the dependent claims.

In folgenden soll die Wirkungsweise der vorliegenden Erfindung erläutert werden. Sie basiert auf der in der Parallelanmeldung EP-A-0528428 beschriebenen Technik, dünnwandige Molybdänrohre (Wandstärke 0,05-0,25 mm) in keramische Stopfen direkt einzusintern. Dabei bildet sich bei Lampen mit besonders guter Farbwiedergabe nach etwa 500 Temperaturzyklen (d.h. Ein- und Ausschalten der Lampe, wobei eine Temperaturwechselbelastung auftritt) ein schmaler Spalt zwischen Stromdurchführung und Stopfen. Seine Breite beträgt etwa 15 »m. Dies beruht auf dem großen Unterschied (25 %) zwischen den thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von Molybdän (6 x 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹) und Keramik (8 x 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹), der durch die Wechselbeiastung zum Tragen kommt.The operation of the present invention will be explained below. It is based on the technique described in parallel application EP-A-0528428 of sintering thin-walled molybdenum tubes (wall thickness 0.05-0.25 mm) directly into ceramic stoppers. In the case of lamps with particularly good color rendering, a narrow gap is formed between the current feedthrough and the plug after about 500 temperature cycles (i.e. switching the lamp on and off, which causes a change in temperature). Its width is about 15 »m. This is due to the large difference (25%) between the thermal expansion coefficients of molybdenum (6 x 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹) and ceramic (8 x 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹), which is due to the alternating load.

Die Erfindung benutzt zum einen den Schrumpfungsprozeß einer grünen Keramik auch für die Abdichtung zwischen Stopfen und nicht angepaßter Durchführung und vermeidet dadurch die Benutzung der korrosionsanfälligen Schmelzkeramik. Zum anderen wird eine Innenstütze in Form einer bereits fertig gesinterten Keramik verwendet, die keinem Schrumpfungsprozeß mehr ausgesetzt ist. Innenstütze und Stopfen sollen aus dem gleichen keramischen Material bestehen. Durch das Zusammenwirken dieser beiden Maßnahmen wird die Lebensdauer dieser Lampen erheblich (bis zu einem Faktor vier) verlängert.On the one hand, the invention uses the shrinking process of a green ceramic for the sealing between the stopper and the non-adapted bushing, thereby avoiding the use of the melting ceramic, which is susceptible to corrosion. On the other hand, an inner support in the form of an already finished sintered ceramic is used, which is no longer exposed to a shrinking process. Inner support and stopper should consist of the same ceramic material. The combination of these two measures extends the life of these lamps considerably (up to a factor of four).

Die Abdichtung wird erzielt, indem der Endstopfen zunächst als Grünkörper belassen wird, in den die rohrförmige Stromdurchführung einschließlich der Innenstütze eingebracht wird. Bei der nun stattfindenden Endsinterung des Stopfens wird der notwendige sichere Verbund durch die Schrumpfung des Endstopfens (ca. 2-20 %) erreicht. Der aufschwindende Grünkörper des Endstopfens drückt auf das Rohr und preßt dieses gegen den inneren Stützkörper. Die dafür notwendigen Temperaturen (ca. 1850 °C) werden am Endstopfen während des Betriebs der Lampe bei weitem nicht mehr erzielt (ca. 1100 °C).Sealing is achieved by initially leaving the end plug as a green body into which the tubular current feedthrough including the inner support is inserted. In the final sintering of the stopper, the necessary secure bond is achieved by shrinking the end stopper (approx. 2-20%). The expanding green body of the end plug presses on the pipe and presses it against the inner support body. The temperatures required for this (approx. 1850 ° C) are far from being reached at the end plug during lamp operation (approx. 1100 ° C).

Diese Art der Verbindung ist von besonderem Vorteil bei halogenidhaltigen Füllungen, da auf korrosionsanfällige Komponenten ganzlich verzichtet wird.This type of connection is of particular advantage in the case of fillings containing halide, since there is no need for components susceptible to corrosion.

Für den Fall, daß die rohrförmige Stromdurchführung entladungsseitig gasdicht verschlossen ist, kann u.U. für den Verbund zwischen Innenstütze und Rohr trotzdem die bereits bekannte Schmelzkeramik-Technik beibehalten werden, weil in diesem Fall kein Halogenid zur Schmelzkeramik gelangt. Zu beachten ist, daß nur Schmelzkeramiken mit einem Schmelzpunkt oberhalb der Sintertemperatur geeignet sind. Es hat sich dabei gezeigt, daß auch metallische Lote verwendbar sind. Letztere besitzen eine höhere elastische Dehnung und sind daher eher in der Lage, Körper mit unterschiedlichen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten miteinander zu verbinden.In the event that the tubular current lead-through is sealed gas-tight on the discharge side, for the bond between the inner support and the tube, the already known melting ceramic technology is still retained, because in this case no halide reaches the melting ceramic. It should be noted that only melting ceramics with a melting point above the sintering temperature are suitable. It has been shown that metallic solders can also be used. The latter have a higher elastic elongation and are therefore more able to connect bodies with different coefficients of expansion.

Bei einer entladungsseitig offenen, d.h. nicht gasdicht verschlossenen Stromdurchführung wird auch bei der Innenstütze auf die Schmelzkeramik verzichtet. Die Idee dabei ist, die Dichtung auf der Innenseite der Stromdurchführung durch den Druck des Stopfens auf der Außenseite herzustellen.In the case of a current lead-through which is open on the discharge side, that is to say which is not closed in a gastight manner, the melting ceramic is also dispensed with in the inner support. The idea here is to put the seal on the To create the inside of the current feedthrough by the pressure of the plug on the outside.

In beiden Fällen ist eine relativ genaue Passung der Innenstütze notwendig (ca. 15-50 »m): Bei der Verwendung von Schmelzkeramik, um diese durch einen Kapillareffekt einzubringen; bei der Direkteinsinterung, um auch bei nur geringer Schrumpfung (ca. 2 %) eine sichere Dichtung zu erzielen.In both cases, a relatively precise fit of the inner support is necessary (approx. 15-50 »m): When using melting ceramics to bring them in by a capillary effect; with direct sintering in order to achieve a secure seal even with only slight shrinkage (approx. 2%).

Am einfachsten hat die Innenstütze die Form eines Vollzylinders oder eines zylindrischen Rohrs (Hohlzylinder). Im letzteren Fall dient die zentrale Bohrung für Pump- und Füllzwecke. Sie kann später wieder mit einer Schmelzkeramik o.ä. verschlossen werden.The easiest way is for the inner support to be in the form of a solid cylinder or a cylindrical tube (hollow cylinder). In the latter case, the central hole is used for pumping and filling purposes. You can later with a melting ceramic or the like. be closed.

Insbesondere dann, wenn auch die Innenstütze ohne Schmelzkeramik bzw. Metallot im Rohr befestigt wird, hat sich eine Ausführungsform besonders gut bewährt, bei der die Höhe der Innenstütze kleiner als die Höhe des Stopfens ist. Ein typischer Wert ist eine Verringerung um 30 %. Beim Fertigsintern des mit dem Rohr bestückten Endstopfens werden die über die Innenstütze überstehenden Teile der Durchführung noch weiter zusammengedrückt, da hier der Widerstand der Innenstütze fehlt, so daß zumindest an einem Ende der Innenstütze eine besonders sichere Abdichtung entsteht und überdies die Innenstütze sicher gehaltert wird. Die mittige Anordnung der Innenstütze in bezug auf die Stopfenhöhe ist besonders geeignet, weil dann der Sicherungseffekt an beiden Enden der Innenstütze auftritt.An embodiment in which the height of the inner support is smaller than the height of the stopper has proven particularly useful, especially if the inner support is also fastened in the tube without melting ceramic or metallot. A typical value is a 30% reduction. During the final sintering of the end plug equipped with the tube, the parts of the bushing protruding beyond the inner support are compressed even further, since the resistance of the inner support is missing here, so that a particularly secure seal is created at least at one end of the inner support and, moreover, the inner support is held securely. The central arrangement of the inner support with respect to the plug height is particularly suitable because the securing effect then occurs at both ends of the inner support.

Besondere Vorteile zeigt eine Ausführungsform, bei der zumindest ein Teil der Innenstütze konisch zuläuft. Diese Form erleichtert die Anpassung der Verbundteile (Stopfen-Rohr-Innenstütze) ganz erheblich, da Durchmesserunterschiede durch axiale Verschiebung von selbst ausgeglichen werden. Die anfängliche Passung muß nur noch auf etwa 200 »m genau sein. Außerdem ist damit die Halterung der Innenstütze im Rohr vor deren Verbindung automatisch sichergestellt. Diese Ausführungsform eignet sich besonders gut für die Verbindungstechnik ohne Schmelzkeramik.One embodiment shows particular advantages in which tapers at least part of the inner support. This shape makes it considerably easier to adapt the composite parts (plug-pipe inner support), since differences in diameter are automatically compensated for by axial displacement. The initial fit only has to be accurate to about 200 »m. In addition, the mounting of the inner support in the tube is automatically ensured before it is connected. This embodiment is particularly well suited for connection technology without melting ceramics.

Die Herstellung dieser besonders gut geeigneten Ausführungsform ist auf zwei Arten möglich. Zum einen kann das Rohr selbst bereits einen konischen Abschnitt aufweisen, wobei der Neigungswinkel bei Innenstütze und Rohr gleich ist (typisch sind 10°). Zum anderen ist es auch möglich, daß ursprünglich allein die Innenstütze vollständig oder abschnittsweise leicht konisch (5-10°) geformt ist. In diesem Fall wird das ursprünglich kreiszylindrische Rohr erst in eine konische Form gepreßt. Dies geschieht vorteilhaft durch Reibschweißen, indem das Rohr unter ständigem Drehen auf die Innenstütze aufgezogen wird. Zur Erleichterung dieser Technik oder zur Erzielung größerer Winkel kann das Rohr auch bereits leicht konisch (typisch 5°) vorgeformt sein und beim Reibschweißen zusätzlich (auf typisch 10°) aufgeweitet werden. Anschließend wird diese Baueinheit in den konisch vorgeformten Grünkörper des Endstopfens eingesetzt und der Endstopfen fertig gesintert.This particularly suitable embodiment can be produced in two ways. On the one hand, the tube itself can already have a conical section, the angle of inclination being the same for the inner support and tube (typically 10 °). On the other hand, it is also possible that originally only the inner support is completely or partially slightly conical (5-10 °). In this case, the originally circular cylindrical tube is first pressed into a conical shape. This is advantageously done by friction welding, in that the tube is pulled onto the inner support while constantly rotating it. In order to facilitate this technique or to achieve larger angles, the tube can already be slightly conical (typically 5 °) and additionally expanded (to typically 10 °) during friction welding. Then this assembly is inserted into the conically shaped green body of the end plug and the end plug is sintered.

Beim Reibschweißen muß darauf geachtet werden, daß durch die Reibung das Rohr auf eine Temperatur gebracht wird, die oberhalb des Übergangs von der spröden in die duktile Phase liegt, so daß das Rohr elastisch verformt werden kann. Die Temperatur des Übergangs liegt bei Molybdän besonders tief (200 °C), weshalb Molybdän im Vergleich zu Wolfram und Rhenium für diese Technik, die eine besonders sichere Abdichtung zwischen Innenstütze und Stromdurchführung schafft, bevorzugt wird. Bei den anderen Ausführungsbeispielen sind Wolfram und eine Legierung aus Wolfram und Rhenium ähnlich gut wie Molybdän geeignet. Ihr Ausdehnungskoeffizient (4 x 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹) ist noch kleiner als der von Molybdän. Zusammenfassend läßt sich feststellen, daß die vorliegende Erfindung für eine Durchführung anwendbar ist, deren Ausdehnungskoeffizient mindestens 20 % kleiner als der der keramischen Formstücke ist.When friction welding, care must be taken to ensure that the tube is at a temperature due to the friction is brought, which lies above the transition from the brittle to the ductile phase, so that the tube can be elastically deformed. The temperature of the transition is particularly low for molybdenum (200 ° C), which is why molybdenum is preferred to tungsten and rhenium for this technology, which creates a particularly secure seal between the inner support and the current feedthrough. In the other exemplary embodiments, tungsten and an alloy of tungsten and rhenium are suitable as well as molybdenum. Its coefficient of expansion (4 x 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹) is even smaller than that of molybdenum. In summary, it can be stated that the present invention can be used for a bushing whose coefficient of expansion is at least 20% smaller than that of the ceramic shaped pieces.

Mit der Erfindung steht eine Hochdruckentladungslampe mit langer Lebensdauer zur Verfügung, deren Dichtheit auch durch Verwendung von halogenidhaltigen Füllungen nicht beeinträchtigt wird. Das Entladungsgefäß ist üblicherweise rohrförmig, entweder zylindrisch oder in der Mitte ausgebaucht. Es ist häufig in einem ein- oder zweiseitigen Außenkolben angeordnet.The invention provides a high-pressure discharge lamp with a long service life, the tightness of which is not impaired even by the use of halide-containing fillings. The discharge vessel is usually tubular, either cylindrical or bulged in the middle. It is often arranged in a one- or two-sided outer bulb.

Im folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert werden. Es zeigt

Figur 1
eine Metallhalogenidentladungslampe, teilweise geschnitten
Figur 2 - 9
mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele des Einschmelzbereichs des Entladungsgefäßes im Schnitt
The invention will be explained in more detail below with the aid of several exemplary embodiments. It shows
Figure 1
a metal halide discharge lamp, partially cut
Figure 2-9
several embodiments of the Melting area of the discharge vessel in section

In Figur 1 ist schematisch eine Metallhalogenidentladungslampe mit einer Leistung von 150 W dargestellt. Sie besteht aus einem eine Lampenachse definierenden zylindrischen Außenkolben 1 aus Hartglas, der zweiseitig gequetscht (2) und gesokkelt (3) ist. Das axial angeordnete Entladungsgefäß 8 aus Al₂O₃-Keramik ist in der Mitte 4 ausgebaucht und besitzt zylindrische Enden 9. Es ist mittels zweier Stromzuführungen 6, die mit den Sockelteilen 3 über Folien 5 verbunden sind, im Außenkolben 1 gehaltert. Die Stromzuführungen 6 sind mit rohrförmigen Durchführungen 10, die jeweils in einem Stopfen 11 am Ende des Entladungsgefäßes eingepaßt sind, verschweißt.A metal halide discharge lamp with an output of 150 W is shown schematically in FIG. It consists of a cylindrical outer bulb 1 made of tempered glass, which defines a lamp axis and is squeezed (2) and rocked (3) on two sides. The axially arranged discharge vessel 8 made of Al₂O₃ ceramic is bulged in the middle 4 and has cylindrical ends 9. It is held in the outer bulb 1 by means of two power supply lines 6, which are connected to the base parts 3 via foils 5. The power supply lines 6 are welded to tubular bushings 10, which are each fitted in a stopper 11 at the end of the discharge vessel.

Die beiden Durchführungen 10 aus Molybdän (oder auch Wolfram, evt1. mit Rhenium legiert) haltern entladungsseitig jeweils Elektroden 12, bestehend aus einem Elektrodenschaft 13 und einer am entladungsseitigen Ende aufgeschobenen Wendel 14. Die Füllung des Entladungsgefäßes besteht neben einem inerten Zündgas, z.B. Argon, aus Quecksilber und Zusätzen an Metallhalogeniden.The two bushings 10 made of molybdenum (or also tungsten, possibly alloyed with rhenium) each hold electrodes 12 on the discharge side, consisting of an electrode shaft 13 and a coil 14 pushed on at the discharge end. The filling of the discharge vessel consists of an inert ignition gas, e.g. Argon, from mercury and additives to metal halides.

In Figur 2 ist der Einschmelzbereich an einem Ende des Entladungsgefäßes 8 im Detail gezeigt. Das Entladungsgefäß 8 hat an seinen beiden Enden 9 eine Wandungsdicke von 1,2 mm. Ein zylindrischer Stopfen 11 aus Al₂O₃-Keramik, ist in das Ende 9 des Entladungsgefäßes eingesetzt. Sein Außendurchmesser beträgt 3,3 mm bei einer Höhe von 5 mm. In eine axiale Öffnung des Stopfens ist als Durchführung ein Molybdän-Rohr 10 mit einer Länge von 12 mm, einer Wandstärke von 0,1 mm und einem konstanten Durchmesser von 1,4 mm eingepaßt, das am entladungsseitigen Ende 15 abgeschlossen ist. Der Schaft 13 ist auf das Ende 15 aufgeschweißt.The melting area at one end of the discharge vessel 8 is shown in detail in FIG. The discharge vessel 8 has a wall thickness of 1.2 mm at its two ends 9. A cylindrical stopper 11 made of Al₂O₃ ceramic is inserted into the end 9 of the discharge vessel. Its outer diameter is 3.3 mm with a height of 5 mm. In an axial opening of the plug is a bushing a molybdenum tube 10 with a length of 12 mm, a wall thickness of 0.1 mm and a constant diameter of 1.4 mm fitted, which is closed at the discharge end 15. The shaft 13 is welded onto the end 15.

Das Rohr 10 ragt beidseitig über den Stopfen 11 hinaus. Im Innern des verschlossenen Rohrs 10 ist eine keramische Innenstütze 16 aus Al₂O₃ in Höhe des Stopfens angeordnet. Es handelt sich um einen Vollzylinder, dessen Außendurchmesser dem Innendurchmesser des Rohres 10 eng (auf ca. 15 »m) angepaßt ist, und der mit dem Rohr durch eine dazwischen befindliche Metallotschicht 17 verbunden ist. Im Gegensatz dazu befindet sich zwischen Rohr 10 und Stopfen 11 kein zusätzliches Verbundmittel. Der Stopfen 11 ist direkt auf das Rohr 10 aufgesintert.The tube 10 projects beyond the plug 11 on both sides. Inside the sealed tube 10, a ceramic inner support 16 made of Al₂O₃ is arranged at the level of the plug. It is a solid cylinder, the outer diameter of which is closely matched to the inner diameter of the tube 10 (to approximately 15 »m) and which is connected to the tube by a metal layer 17 located therebetween. In contrast, there is no additional compound between tube 10 and plug 11. The plug 11 is sintered directly onto the tube 10.

In einem anderen schematisch gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 3 ist der Stopfen 11 gleichfalls auf das Rohr 18 aufgesintert, das entladungsseitig dadurch gasdicht verschlossen ist, daß der Elektrodenschaft 13 in das offene Ende des Rohres 18 eingeschweißt ist. Die Innenstütze 19, die etwa die Höhe des Stopfens besitzt, wird in das Rohr 18 eng eingepaßt - die Toleranz beträgt etwa 50 »m - und bildet dadurch beim Schrumpfungsprozeß des Stopfens 11 einen Widerpart, der einen festen gasdichten Kontakt zwischen Rohr 18 und Innenstütze 19 sicherstellt.In another schematically shown exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, the stopper 11 is also sintered onto the tube 18, which is sealed gas-tight on the discharge side in that the electrode shaft 13 is welded into the open end of the tube 18. The inner support 19, which has approximately the height of the plug, is tightly fitted into the tube 18 - the tolerance is approximately 50 »m - and thereby forms a counterpart in the shrinking process of the plug 11, which provides a solid gas-tight contact between the tube 18 and the inner support 19 ensures.

Um das Anbringen der Innenstütze in der Durchführung zu erleichtern, kann ein Anschlag für die Innenstütze verwendet werden. Es kann sich dabei im einfachsten Fall um ein ringförmiges Federteil aus hochschmelzendem Material handeln, das in das zylindrische Rohr eingespreizt wird. Wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt, ist insbesondere eine als Abstandshalter dienende Verlängerung 25 der Innenstütze geeignet, die auf dem Schaft 13 der Elektrode aufliegt.To make it easier to attach the inner support in the bushing, a stop for the inner support can be used. It can be in the In the simplest case, it is an annular spring part made of high-melting material that is spread into the cylindrical tube. As shown in FIG. 3, an extension 25 of the inner support serving as a spacer, which rests on the shaft 13 of the electrode, is particularly suitable.

In einer abgewandelten Version dieser Ausführung (Fig. 4) wird die Dichtigkeit noch dadurch verbessert, daß die hier als Hohlzylinder ausgebildete Innenstütze 20 eine im Vergleich zum Stopfen 11 reduzierte Höhe von 3,5 mm aufweist und im Rohr 18 mittig in bezug auf die Höhe des Stopfens angeordnet ist. Dadurch bilden sich während des Schrumpfungsprozesses des Stopfens am Rohr 18 Einbuchtungen 21 aus, die von den Endkanten 22 der Innenstütze bis zur Höhe der Stirnflächen 23 des Stopfens reichen. Die Ursache ist, daß der Widerstand der Innenstütze beim Schrumpfen der Stopfenkeramik in diesen Abschnitten fehlt. Die Einbuchtungen 21 sind übertrieben dargestellt da sie in Wirklichkeit mit bloßem Auge kaum erkennbar sind. Der Sitz des Stopfens und die Dichtigkeit der Durchführung 18 sowohl auf ihrer Außen- als auch Innenseite wird dadurch zusätzlich verbessert.In a modified version of this embodiment (FIG. 4), the tightness is further improved in that the inner support 20, which is designed here as a hollow cylinder, has a reduced height of 3.5 mm in comparison to the stopper 11 and in the tube 18 in the middle with respect to the height the plug is arranged. As a result, during the shrinkage process of the plug on the tube 18, indentations 21 form, which extend from the end edges 22 of the inner support to the height of the end faces 23 of the plug. The reason is that the resistance of the inner support when the plug ceramic shrinks is missing in these sections. The indentations 21 are exaggerated because in reality they are barely visible to the naked eye. The fit of the stopper and the tightness of the bushing 18 on both its outside and inside are additionally improved.

Der Hohlzylinder 20 kann in dieser Version als Pumpstutzen benutzt werden, wenn das Rohr 18 mit einer Öffnung 18′ ausgestattet ist. Nach erfolgter Evakuierung und Füllung wird der Hohlzylinder 20 durch eine geeignete Schmelzkeramik 24 in an sich bekannter Weise verschlossen.The hollow cylinder 20 can be used in this version as a pump nozzle if the tube 18 is equipped with an opening 18 '. After evacuation and filling, the hollow cylinder 20 is closed by a suitable melting ceramic 24 in a manner known per se.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit, die insbesondere bei einer im Vergleich zum Stopfen verkürzten Innenstütze anwendbar ist, ist in Fig. 5 und 6 dargestellt. Der Anschlag wird von einem konischen Mittenabschnitt 26 bzw. 27 des Rohrs 28 bzw. 29 gebildet, an dem ein entsprechender konischer Endabschnitt 30 bzw. 31 der Innenstütze 32 bzw. 33 anliegt. Es spielt dabei keine Rolle, ob der konische Abschnitt auf der der Entladung zugewandten (Fig. 5) oder abgewandten (Fig. 6) Seite der Durchführung angeordnet ist. In beiden Fällen ist auch der Stopfen 11 mit entsprechenden Schrägen 34, 35 versehen. Bei diesen teilkonischen Varianten kann die Innenstütze 33 gegenüber dem Stopfen zur entladungsfernen Seite versetzt sein oder sogar an der Stirnfläche des Stopfens überstehen. Die Befestigung der Innenstütze kann nach beiden bisher gezeigten Techniken (Fig. 2 bzw. 3) erfolgen.Another option, especially at an inner support which is shortened in comparison to the plug can be used is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The stop is formed by a conical central section 26 or 27 of the tube 28 or 29, against which a corresponding conical end section 30 or 31 of the inner support 32 or 33 abuts. It does not matter whether the conical section is arranged on the side of the bushing facing the discharge (FIG. 5) or the side facing away (FIG. 6). In both cases, the plug 11 is also provided with corresponding bevels 34, 35. In these partially conical variants, the inner support 33 can be offset relative to the stopper on the side remote from the discharge or even protrude on the end face of the stopper. The inner support can be fastened using both of the techniques previously shown (FIGS. 2 and 3).

Ausführungsformen mit besonderen Vorzügen sind in den Figuren 7 bis 9 dargestellt. In den konischen Mittenabschnitten 27 des Rohres 29 ist, zur entladungsfernen Seite versetzt, eine vollständig konische Innenstütze eingesetzt.Embodiments with special advantages are shown in FIGS. 7 to 9. A completely conical inner support is inserted in the conical central sections 27 of the tube 29, offset to the side remote from the discharge.

Die Innenstütze kann wieder massiv (Fig. 7) als Kegelstumpf 36 oder rohrartig mit konischen Innenwänden (36′ in Fig. 8) oder auch geraden Innenwänden (36˝ in Fig. 9) ausgeführt sein. Mit dieser Anordnung lassen sich die Vorteile eines Anschlags mit der verringerten Anforderung an die einzuhaltenden Toleranzen in idealer Weise verbinden.The inner support can again be solid (Fig. 7) as a truncated cone 36 or tubular with conical inner walls (36 'in Fig. 8) or straight inner walls (36˝ in Fig. 9). With this arrangement, the advantages of a stop can be ideally combined with the reduced requirement for the tolerances to be observed.

Extrem hohen Anforderungen an die Dichtigkeit und damit hoher Lebensdauer genügt die Ausführungsform der Fig. 9. Sie entspricht im wesentlichen den Beispielen der Fig. 7 und 8, jedoch ist hier eine besonders sichere Verbindung zwischen Molybdänrohr 29 und konischer Innenstütze 36˝ durch Reibschweißen erfolgt. Bei diesem Vorgang wird eine wenige Atomlagen dicke Verbindungsschicht 37 (in Fig. 9 zur Verdeutlichung übertrieben stark eingezeichnet) zwischen Molybdänrohr und Innenstütze gebildet. Der Neigungswinkel des Konus ist hier kleiner als 10°, um die mechanische Verformung des ursprünglich geraden Molybdänrohrs 29 möglichst gering zu halten. Die Schrägen 35 des Stopfens weisen dieselbe Neigung auf. Der Endabschnitt 38 des Rohrs mit vergrößertem Durchmesser setzt, entsprechend der Herstellungsweise, unmittelbar am Basisende 39 der Innenstütze an.The embodiment of FIG. 9 meets extremely high requirements for tightness and thus a long service life. It essentially corresponds to that Examples of FIGS. 7 and 8, but here is a particularly secure connection between the molybdenum tube 29 and the conical inner support 36 erfolgt by friction welding. In this process, a connecting layer 37 a few atomic layers thick (drawn in excessively strongly in FIG. 9 for clarity) is formed between the molybdenum tube and the inner support. The angle of inclination of the cone is less than 10 ° here in order to keep the mechanical deformation of the originally straight molybdenum tube 29 as low as possible. The bevels 35 of the plug have the same inclination. The end section 38 of the tube with an enlarged diameter starts directly at the base end 39 of the inner support, in accordance with the method of manufacture.

Die Technik des Reibschweißens kann auch auf die teilkonischen Ausführungsformen angewendet werden.The friction welding technique can also be applied to the partially conical embodiments.

Claims (11)

  1. High-pressure discharge lamp having a ceramic discharge vessel (8) which contains an ionizable filling and has two ends which are in each case closed by a shaped ceramic part in the form of a plug (11) in which a tubular electrical feedthrough (10; 18; 28; 29) made of a metal is arranged, of which the coefficient of thermal expansion is less than that of the ceramic, characterized in that the green body of the plug (11) is sintered directly gas-tightly onto the electrical feedthrough (10; 18; 28; 29), a second ceramic shaped part in the form of an internal support (16; 19; 20; 32; 33; 36) being additionally fitted inside the electrical feedthrough approximately at the level of the plug.
  2. High-pressure discharge lamp according to Claim 1, characterized in that the internal support (19; 20; 31; 32) is connected to the electrical feedthrough (18; 28; 29) only by the pressure of the plug (11) sintered directly on.
  3. High-pressure discharge lamp according to Claim 1, characterized in that the electrical feedthrough (10) is closed off (15) on the discharge side and the internal support (16) is connected to the electrical feedthrough (10) by means of a meltable ceramic (17) or a metal solder (10).
  4. High-pressure discharge lamp according to Claim 1, characterized in that the internal support is formed as a solid cylinder (19) or hollow cylinder (20).
  5. High-pressure discharge lamp according to Claim 1, characterized in that the height of the internal support (20) is less than the height of the plug (11).
  6. High-pressure discharge lamp according to Claim 5, characterized in that the internal support (20) is arranged in the electrical feedthrough (18) midway with respect to the height of the plug in the electrical feedthrough.
  7. High-pressure discharge lamp according to Claim 4, characterized in that at least the outer wall of the internal support has a conical section (30; 31; 36; 36′; 36˝) tapering towards the discharge space, which section interacts with conical sections (26; 27) on the electrical feedthrough and on the plug.
  8. High-pressure discharge lamp according to Claim 1, characterized in that the electrical feedthrough consists of molybdenum, tungsten or rhenium or an alloy of these metals.
  9. High-pressure discharge lamp according to Claim 1, characterized in that the filling has a halogen-containing component.
  10. High-pressure discharge lamp according to Claim 7, characterized in that the internal support (33; 36; 36′; 36˝) is offset with respect to the plug (11) to the side remote from the discharge space.
  11. High-pressure discharge lamp according to Claim 7, characterized in that the electrical feedthrough is connected to the internal support by means of a layer (37) produced by friction welding.
EP92114222A 1991-08-20 1992-08-20 High pressure discharge lamp Expired - Lifetime EP0528427B1 (en)

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DE4127555A DE4127555A1 (en) 1991-08-20 1991-08-20 HIGH PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMP
DE4127555 1991-08-20

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EP0528427B1 true EP0528427B1 (en) 1995-05-31

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US8093815B2 (en) 2006-12-18 2012-01-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. High-pressure discharge lamp having a ceramic discharge vessel directly sealed to a rod

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US5404077A (en) 1995-04-04
DE4127555A1 (en) 1993-02-25
EP0528427A1 (en) 1993-02-24
JPH05205701A (en) 1993-08-13
CN1071534A (en) 1993-04-28
DE59202389D1 (en) 1995-07-06

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