EP0521289A1 - Shredder for comminuting objects - Google Patents

Shredder for comminuting objects Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0521289A1
EP0521289A1 EP92108715A EP92108715A EP0521289A1 EP 0521289 A1 EP0521289 A1 EP 0521289A1 EP 92108715 A EP92108715 A EP 92108715A EP 92108715 A EP92108715 A EP 92108715A EP 0521289 A1 EP0521289 A1 EP 0521289A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shafts
toothed
shaft
disks
spacer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP92108715A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hermann Moser
Jirka Dipl. Ing. Blaha
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MOSER, EDELTRAUD
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Moser Edeltraud
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0521289A1 publication Critical patent/EP0521289A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16Details
    • B02C18/18Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C18/182Disc-shaped knives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shredder for comminuting objects with two shafts, which are arranged parallel to one another at a distance from one another and can be driven in opposite directions and each have a non-circular cross-sectional profile, and with toothed disks and spacers alternately fitted onto the two shafts, the toothed disks and spacers being the grasp a shaft offset between the toothed disks and spacers of the other shaft and the toothed disks are secured on their shaft by positive locking against rotation.
  • Shredders originally mean plants for scrapping car wrecks.
  • a shredder is generally understood to be a device for shredding objects of all kinds.
  • the known shredders basically have two shafts which are spaced parallel to one another and can be set into a counter-rotating movement by means of a corresponding drive.
  • the actual elements for comminuting the objects are toothed disks and spacer disks, which are arranged alternately on each shaft, the toothed disks and spacer disks of one shaft meshing with the toothed disks and spacer disks of the other shaft.
  • the spacers are round, while the toothed disks have teeth evenly distributed around their circumference.
  • the toothed washers and spacers are welded onto the shaft. Problems arise when defective tooth lock washers have to be replaced, which is only possible with great difficulty.
  • the shaft has a cross-sectional profile in the form of a regular hexagon.
  • the toothed disc has a hexagonal opening.
  • the lock washers designed in this way are attached to the shaft.
  • the spacers are in between.
  • the hexagonal shaft has to be specially manufactured, which is technically complex.
  • the tips of the 6-corner of the shaft flatten out and gradually slip due to the stresses that occur during shredding.
  • the shaft with the toothed lock can tilt due to the loads in such a way that a defective toothed lock can only be replaced with difficulty or not at all.
  • the object of the invention is to create a shredder for comminuting objects with an improved arrangement of the toothed disks on the shafts.
  • the invention proposes that the shafts each have ribs running in the longitudinal direction on their lateral surface and that the spacer disks each have an opening corresponding to the cross-sectional profile of the shafts, with one toothed disk each on the spacer disk to form a spacer disk / toothed disk Assembly is attached.
  • a shredder designed according to this technical teaching has the advantage that it creates a simple and secure structure of the toothed disks with easy interchangeability.
  • the toothed lock washers are not mounted on the shaft so that they cannot rotate, but indirectly by attaching them to a spacer that is arranged on the shaft so that it cannot rotate.
  • the ribs running in the longitudinal direction on the shaft form a kind of teeth or elevations in cross section, which in corresponding Engage recesses in the opening of the spacer and thus define the anti-rotation device.
  • To replace a defective toothed lock washer it is only necessary to remove the corresponding assembly from the shaft and replace it with a new one. This can be done quickly and easily.
  • the ribs of the shafts contact the corresponding recesses of the openings in the spacers at any time. This ensures that canting does not occur between the spacers and the shafts, since the force is absorbed by the abutting surfaces. This is particularly the case if high torsional forces occur due to the loads during operation of the shredder.
  • the ribs run helically around the outer surface of the shafts, so that the attached spacer washers / toothed washer assemblies have a certain angular spacing with respect to the arrangement of the teeth of adjacent toothed washers in accordance with the pitch of the helix.
  • the ribs run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. This means that the modules can be easily pushed onto the shaft.
  • the two shafts are spline shafts and that the spacers are each spline shafts are corresponding grooved washers.
  • a spline shaft is to be understood to mean a shaft whose cylindrical outer surface has ribs, preferably eight ribs, evenly distributed around the circumference, which has parallel, mutually opposite and essentially radially aligned side walls and an outer (curved) radial outer surface which is concentric with the outer surface are limited.
  • Such spline shafts are commercially available objects that are offered by the meter.
  • the corresponding grooved washers for the spacers are also commercially available objects and - like the spline shafts - do not have to be specially manufactured.
  • the two basic elements of the shredder namely the shafts and the spacers in the form of the spline shafts and the corresponding grooved washers, therefore represent only a small cost factor, since they can easily be obtained from the trade. Only the lock washer has to be specially manufactured and attached to the spacer. This creates an overall extremely inexpensive shredder that works very reliably and in which defective toothed lock washers can be easily replaced.
  • the toothed disks are pinned to their spacers. This provides a technically simple possibility, for example to replace a defective toothed washer to create a new assembly with a proper toothed washer while maintaining the previously used spacer.
  • toothed disks have a round inner bore, the inner diameter of which is greater than or equal to the maximum inner clear width of the opening in the spacer disk.
  • the angular distance between adjacent teeth of adjacent toothed disks is between 10 ° and 20 °, preferably 15 °. In a development of the shredder according to the invention, this is achieved in a technically simple manner in that the shafts each have eight ribs and the toothed disks each have six teeth.
  • Fig. 1 the shredder is shown in a purely schematic overall view (from above), while in Fig. 2 to 7 the individual parts of the shredder are shown.
  • the shredder basically has two shafts 1, which are aligned horizontally at a distance parallel to one another. On each of these two shafts 1, toothed disks 2 and spacer disks 3 are arranged alternately, the toothed disks 2 having a larger diameter than the spacer disks 3. This means that the toothed disks 2 of the one shaft 1 are in a gap between the toothed disks of the other shaft 1 and reach between them.
  • the two shafts 1 can be driven with their toothed disks 2 and spacer disks 3 in opposite directions, so that objects given to the shredder are drawn funnel-like downward into the shredder and be crushed in the process.
  • the shaft 1 of the shredder is shown in more detail. It can be seen that the shaft 1 is a so-called spline shaft, which is rotatable about its longitudinal axis A. This spline shaft has a cylindrical outer surface 4. Eight ribs 5, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the shaft 1 parallel to the longitudinal axis A, are arranged on the latter, distributed uniformly around the circumference. These ribs 5 have a cross-sectional profile, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 3. The ribs 5 are delimited by two mutually opposite and mutually parallel side surfaces 6. On the radial outside, the ribs 5 are each delimited by an outer surface 7, which is formed by a strip-shaped partial lateral surface concentric with the lateral surface 4.
  • the spacer disk 3 shown in FIG. 4 is designed as a round grooved disk corresponding to the spline shaft.
  • This has an opening 8 inside, in which recesses 9 are formed which are directed radially outwards.
  • the cross-sectional profile of this opening 8 with the recesses 9 corresponds to the cross-sectional profile of the spline, i.e.
  • the recesses 9 are designed with their cross-sectional profile corresponding to the cross-sectional profile of the ribs 5.
  • the ground and hardened toothed disk 2 shown in FIG. 5 initially has six teeth 10 distributed uniformly around the circumference.
  • the toothed disk 2 has a round inner bore 11, the inside diameter of which is somewhat larger than the inside clear width of the opening 8 of the spacer disk 3 in the region of the recesses 9.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show how the spacer 3 from FIG. 4 and the toothed washer 2 from FIG. 5 are coaxially connected to one another to form a spacer / toothed disk assembly 12.
  • both the spacer 3 and the toothed disk 2 are each provided with fastening holes 13 around the opening 8 or around the inner bore 11, in each of which a fastening pin 14 is arranged.
  • the two parts are thus connected to one another by pinning.
  • These each consist of a toothed washer 2 and a spacer 3 existing assemblies 12 are successively pushed onto the shafts 1 (as is shown schematically in FIG. 1) and secured.
  • a defective toothed lock washer 2 can be replaced in a simple manner by a new toothed lock washer 2 by pulling the assembly 12 with the defective toothed lock washer 2 from the shaft 1 and then a new assembly 12 with an intact one Toothed lock washer 2 is attached. This can be done quickly and easily.
  • the shredder according to the invention is very inexpensive. Finally, the objects are shredded safely and reliably.

Abstract

A shredder for comminuting objects has two shafts (1) which are arranged in parallel with one another with spacing and can be driven in opposite directions and each have a non-circular cross-sectional profile. Crown gears (2) and distancing washers (3) are stacked alternately on the two shafts (1) the crown gears (2) and distancing washers (3) of one shaft (1) engaging offset between the crown gears (2) and distancing washers (3) of the other shaft (1) and the crown gears (2) being secured on their shaft (1) against rotation by positive locking. For this, the shafts (1) have ribs (5) which extend in each case on their outer face (4) in the longitudinal direction and the distancing washers (3) have in each case an opening (8) which corresponds to the cross-sectional profile of the shafts (1), in each case a crown gear (2) being attached to the distancing washer (3) forming a distancing washer/crown gear assembly (12). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schredder zum Zerkleinern von Gegenständen mit zwei Wellen, die parallel zueinander mit Abstand angeordnet sowie gegenläufig antreibbar sind und die jeweils ein unrundes Querschnittsprofil aufweisen, sowie mit jeweils auf die beiden Wellen abwechselnd aufgesteckte Zahnscheiben und Distanzscheiben, wobei die Zahnscheiben und Distanzscheiben der einen Welle versetzt zwischen die Zahnscheiben und Distanzscheiben der anderen Welle greifen und wobei die Zahnscheiben auf ihrer Welle durch Formschluß gegen Verdrehen gesichert sind.The invention relates to a shredder for comminuting objects with two shafts, which are arranged parallel to one another at a distance from one another and can be driven in opposite directions and each have a non-circular cross-sectional profile, and with toothed disks and spacers alternately fitted onto the two shafts, the toothed disks and spacers being the grasp a shaft offset between the toothed disks and spacers of the other shaft and the toothed disks are secured on their shaft by positive locking against rotation.

Unter Schredder versteht man ursprünglich Anlagen zum Verschrotten von Autowracks. Heutzutage versteht man unter einem Schredder ganz allgemein eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Gegenständen unterschiedlichster Art.Shredders originally mean plants for scrapping car wrecks. Nowadays, a shredder is generally understood to be a device for shredding objects of all kinds.

Die bekannten Schredder weisen grundsätzlich zwei Wellen auf, die zueinander parallel beabstandet sind und mittels eines entsprechenden Antriebes in eine gegenläufige Drehbewegung versetzt werden können. Die eigentlichen Elemente zum Zerkleinern der Gegenstände sind Zahnscheiben und Distanzscheiben, die abwechselnd auf jeder Welle angeordnet sind, wobei die Zahnscheiben und Distanzscheiben der einen Welle mit den Zahnscheiben und Distanzscheiben der anderen Welle ineinandergreifen. Die Distanzscheiben sind dabei rund ausgebildet, während die Zahnscheiben gleichmäßig um ihren Umfang verteilt Zähne aufweisen.The known shredders basically have two shafts which are spaced parallel to one another and can be set into a counter-rotating movement by means of a corresponding drive. The actual elements for comminuting the objects are toothed disks and spacer disks, which are arranged alternately on each shaft, the toothed disks and spacer disks of one shaft meshing with the toothed disks and spacer disks of the other shaft. The spacers are round, while the toothed disks have teeth evenly distributed around their circumference.

In einer ersten Variante sind die Zahnscheiben und Distanzscheiben auf der Welle jeweils festgeschweißt. Probleme ergeben sich dann, wenn defekte Zahnscheiben ersetzt werden müssen, was nur umständlich möglich ist.In a first variant, the toothed washers and spacers are welded onto the shaft. Problems arise when defective tooth lock washers have to be replaced, which is only possible with great difficulty.

In einer zweiter Variante weist die Welle ein Querschnittsprofil in Form eines regelmäßigen 6-Ecks auf. Dazu korrespondierend weist die Zahnscheibe eine sechseckige Durchbrechung auf. Die so ausgebildeten Zahnscheiben sind auf die Welle aufgesteckt. Dazwischen befinden sich die Distanzscheiben. Nachteilig bei dieser Variante ist, daß die sechseckige Welle speziell hergestellt werden muß, was technisch aufwendig ist. Darüber hinaus flachen sich die Spitzen der 6-Ecke der Welle aufgrund der beim Zerkleinern auftretenden Belastungen ab und rutschen allmählich durch. Schließlich kann die Welle mit der Zahnscheibe aufgrund der Belastungen derart verkanten, daß zu einem Austausch einer defekten Zahnscheibe diese nur mit Mühe oder überhaupt nicht lösbar ist.In a second variant, the shaft has a cross-sectional profile in the form of a regular hexagon. Corresponding to this, the toothed disc has a hexagonal opening. The lock washers designed in this way are attached to the shaft. The spacers are in between. The disadvantage of this variant is that the hexagonal shaft has to be specially manufactured, which is technically complex. In addition, the tips of the 6-corner of the shaft flatten out and gradually slip due to the stresses that occur during shredding. Finally, the shaft with the toothed lock can tilt due to the loads in such a way that a defective toothed lock can only be replaced with difficulty or not at all.

Davon ausgehend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Schredder zum Zerkleinern von Gegenständen mit einer verbesserten Anordnung der Zahnscheiben auf den Wellen zu schaffen.Proceeding from this, the object of the invention is to create a shredder for comminuting objects with an improved arrangement of the toothed disks on the shafts.

Als technische Lösung wird mit der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, daß die Wellen jeweils auf ihrer Mantelfläche in Längsrichtung verlaufende Rippen aufweisen und daß die Distanzscheiben jeweils eine zu dem Querschnittsprofil der Wellen korrespondierende Durchbrechung aufweisen, wobei an der Distanzscheibe jeweils eine Zahnscheibe unter Bildung einer Distanzscheiben/Zahnscheiben-Baugruppe befestigt ist.As a technical solution , the invention proposes that the shafts each have ribs running in the longitudinal direction on their lateral surface and that the spacer disks each have an opening corresponding to the cross-sectional profile of the shafts, with one toothed disk each on the spacer disk to form a spacer disk / toothed disk Assembly is attached.

Ein nach dieser technischen Lehre ausgebildeter Schredder hat den Vorteil, daß dadurch ein einfacher und sicherer Aufbau der Zahnscheiben mit leichter Austauschbarkeit geschaffen ist. Die Zahnscheiben sind dabei nicht unmittelbar verdrehsicher auf der Welle gelagert, sondern mittelbar, indem sie jeweils an einer Distanzscheibe befestigt sind, welche verdrehsicher auf der Welle angeordnet ist. Die auf der Welle in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Rippen bilden im Querschnitt eine Art Zähne oder Erhebungen, welche in entsprechende Ausnehmungen in der Durchbrechung der Distanzscheibe eingreifen und somit die Verdrehsicherung definieren. Zum Auswechseln einer defekten Zahnscheibe ist es lediglich erforderlich, die entsprechende Baugruppe von der Welle abzuziehen und durch eine neue zu ersetzen. Dies läßt sich schnell und einfach durchführen. Darüber hinaus ist durch die Verwendung von Rippen mit dazu korrespondierenden Ausnehmungen eine Verdrehsicherung geschaffen, welche ein aufgrund der Belastungen auftretendes Verkanten verhindern, so daß die Distanzscheiben/Zahnscheiben-Baugruppe jederzeit lösbar ist. Statt der Anordnung der Rippen auf den Wellen und der dazu korrespondierenden Ausnehmungen in den Distanzscheiben kann in äquivalenter Weise diese Anordnung auch umgekehrt erfolgen, also Längsnuten auf der Mantelfläche der Wellen und dazu korrespondierende, radial nach innen gerichtete Vorsprünge in den Durchbrechungen der Distanzscheiben.A shredder designed according to this technical teaching has the advantage that it creates a simple and secure structure of the toothed disks with easy interchangeability. The toothed lock washers are not mounted on the shaft so that they cannot rotate, but indirectly by attaching them to a spacer that is arranged on the shaft so that it cannot rotate. The ribs running in the longitudinal direction on the shaft form a kind of teeth or elevations in cross section, which in corresponding Engage recesses in the opening of the spacer and thus define the anti-rotation device. To replace a defective toothed lock washer, it is only necessary to remove the corresponding assembly from the shaft and replace it with a new one. This can be done quickly and easily. In addition, by using ribs with corresponding recesses, an anti-rotation device is created, which prevents tilting occurring due to the loads, so that the spacer / toothed disk assembly can be released at any time. Instead of the arrangement of the ribs on the shafts and the corresponding recesses in the spacers, this arrangement can also be carried out in an equivalent manner, i.e. longitudinal grooves on the lateral surface of the shafts and corresponding, radially inward projections in the openings in the spacers.

In einer Weiterbildung wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Rippen der Wellen an den dazu korrespondierenden Ausnehmungen der Durchbrechungen in den Distanzscheiben jederzeit flächig anlegen. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, daß ein Verkanten zwischen den Distanzscheiben und den Wellen nicht auftritt, da die Kraft von den aneinanderliegenden Flächen aufgenommen wird. Dies ist insbesondere dann der Fall, wenn aufgrund der Belastungen beim Betrieb des Schredders hohe Verdrehkräfte auftreten.In a further development, it is proposed that the ribs of the shafts contact the corresponding recesses of the openings in the spacers at any time. This ensures that canting does not occur between the spacers and the shafts, since the force is absorbed by the abutting surfaces. This is particularly the case if high torsional forces occur due to the loads during operation of the shredder.

Es ist zwar grundsätzlich denkbar, daß die Rippen wendelförmig um die Mantelfläche der Wellen verlaufen, damit entsprechend der Steigung der Wendel die aufgesteckten Distanzscheiben/Zahnscheiben-Baugruppen hinsichtlich der Anordnung der Zähne von benachbarten Zahnscheiben einen bestimmten Winkelabstand aufweisen. In einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung wird jedoch alternativ hierzu vorgeschlagen, daß die Rippen parallel zur Längsachse der Welle verlaufen. Dadurch lassen sich die Baugruppen problemlos auf die Welle aufschieben.It is in principle conceivable that the ribs run helically around the outer surface of the shafts, so that the attached spacer washers / toothed washer assemblies have a certain angular spacing with respect to the arrangement of the teeth of adjacent toothed washers in accordance with the pitch of the helix. In a preferred development, however, it is alternatively proposed that the ribs run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. This means that the modules can be easily pushed onto the shaft.

Eine weitere Weiterbildung schlägt vor, daß die Rippen gleichmäßig um den Umfang der Mantelfläche der Welle verteilt sind.A further development suggests that the ribs are evenly distributed around the circumference of the outer surface of the shaft.

In einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung wird vorgeschlagen, daß die beiden Wellen jeweils Keilwellen sind und daß die Distanzscheiben jeweils zu den Keilwellen korrespondierende Nutscheiben sind. Unter einer Keilwelle ist dabei eine Welle zu verstehen, deren zylinderförmige Mantelfläche gleichmäßig um den Umfang verteilt Rippen, vorzugsweise acht Rippen aufweist, die durch zueinander parallele, einander gegenüberliegende sowie im wesentlichen radial ausgerichtete Seitenwände und durch eine zur Mantelfläche konzentrische äußere (gewölbte) radiale Außenfläche begrenzt sind. Bei derartigen Keilwellen handelt es sich um handelsübliche Objekte, welche als Meterware angeboten werden. Die dazu korrespondierenden Nutscheiben für die Distanzscheiben sind ebenfalls handelsübliche Objekte und müssen - ebenso wie die Keilwellen - nicht speziell hergestellt werden. Die beiden Grundelemente des Schredders, nämlich die Wellen und die Distanzschelben in Form der Keilwellen und der dazu korrespondierenden Nutscheiben stellen somit nur einen geringen Kostenfaktor dar, da sie ohne weiteres vom Handel bezogen werden können. Lediglich die Zahnscheibe muß speziell hergestellt und an der Distanzscheibe befestigt werden. Dadurch ist ein insgesamt äußerst preiswerter Schredder geschaffen, der sehr zuverlässig arbeitet und bei dem problemlos defekte Zahnscheiben ersetzt werden können.In a preferred development it is proposed that the two shafts are spline shafts and that the spacers are each spline shafts are corresponding grooved washers. A spline shaft is to be understood to mean a shaft whose cylindrical outer surface has ribs, preferably eight ribs, evenly distributed around the circumference, which has parallel, mutually opposite and essentially radially aligned side walls and an outer (curved) radial outer surface which is concentric with the outer surface are limited. Such spline shafts are commercially available objects that are offered by the meter. The corresponding grooved washers for the spacers are also commercially available objects and - like the spline shafts - do not have to be specially manufactured. The two basic elements of the shredder, namely the shafts and the spacers in the form of the spline shafts and the corresponding grooved washers, therefore represent only a small cost factor, since they can easily be obtained from the trade. Only the lock washer has to be specially manufactured and attached to the spacer. This creates an overall extremely inexpensive shredder that works very reliably and in which defective toothed lock washers can be easily replaced.

In einer Weiterbildung sind die Zahnscheiben an ihren Distanzscheiben verstiftet. Dadurch ist eine technisch einfache Möglichkeit gegeben, um beispielsweise eine defekte Zahnscheibe zur Schaffung einer neuen Baugruppe durch eine ordnungsgemäße Zahnscheibe unter Beibehaltung der bisher verwendeten Distanzscheibe zu ersetzen.In one development, the toothed disks are pinned to their spacers. This provides a technically simple possibility, for example to replace a defective toothed washer to create a new assembly with a proper toothed washer while maintaining the previously used spacer.

Eine weitere Weiterbildung schlägt vor, daß die Zahnscheiben eine runde Innenbohrung aufweisen, deren Innendurchmesser größer oder gleich der maximalen inneren lichten Weite der Durchbrechung der Distanzscheibe ist. Dadurch lassen sich die Zahnscheiben problemlos an ihren Distanzscheiben befestigen, ohne daß dadurch die Aufsteckbarkeit der so gebildeten Baugruppen auf die Wellen beeinträchtigt wird.A further development suggests that the toothed disks have a round inner bore, the inner diameter of which is greater than or equal to the maximum inner clear width of the opening in the spacer disk. As a result, the toothed disks can be attached to their spacer disks without any problems, without the pluggability of the assemblies thus formed being impaired on the shafts.

Eine weitere bevorzugte Weiterbildung schlägt vor, daß der Winkelabstand zwischen benachbarten Zähnen einander benachbarter Zahnscheiben zwischen 10° und 20°, vorzugsweise 15° beträgt. Dies wird in einer Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Schredders auf technisch einfache Weise dadurch erreicht, daß die Wellen jeweils acht Rippen und die Zahnscheiben jeweils sechs Zähne aufweisen.Another preferred development suggests that the angular distance between adjacent teeth of adjacent toothed disks is between 10 ° and 20 °, preferably 15 °. In a development of the shredder according to the invention, this is achieved in a technically simple manner in that the shafts each have eight ribs and the toothed disks each have six teeth.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Schredders zum Zerkleinern von Gegenständen wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen beschrieben. In diesen zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine rein schematische Draufsicht auf den Schredder;
Fig. 2
eine Einzelansicht der Welle des Schredders in vergrößertem Maßstab;
Fig. 3
einen Schnitt entlang der Linie III-III in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4
eine Einzelansicht der Distanzscheibe des Schredders ebenfalls in vergrößertem Maßstab;
Fig. 5
eine Einzelansicht der Zahnscheibe des Schredders, ebenfalls in vergrößertem Maßstab;
Fig. 6
eine Ansicht der aus der Distanzscheibe in Fig. 4 und der Zahnscheibe in Fig. 5 zusammengebauten Baugruppe;
Fig. 7
eine Ansicht der Baugruppe in Fig. 6, teilweise geschnitten.
An embodiment of a shredder according to the invention for crushing objects is described below with reference to the drawings. In these shows:
Fig. 1
a purely schematic top view of the shredder;
Fig. 2
a single view of the shaft of the shredder on an enlarged scale;
Fig. 3
a section along the line III-III in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4
a single view of the spacer of the shredder also on an enlarged scale;
Fig. 5
a single view of the toothed disk of the shredder, also on an enlarged scale;
Fig. 6
a view of the assembly assembled from the spacer in Fig. 4 and the toothed washer in Fig. 5;
Fig. 7
a view of the assembly in Fig. 6, partially sectioned.

In Fig. 1 ist der Schredder in einer rein schematischen Gesamtansicht (von oben) dargestellt, während in den Fig. 2 bis 7 die Einzelteile des Schredders dargestellt sind.In Fig. 1 the shredder is shown in a purely schematic overall view (from above), while in Fig. 2 to 7 the individual parts of the shredder are shown.

Der Schredder weist grundsätzlich zwei Wellen 1 auf, die mit Abstand parallel zueinander horizontal ausgerichtet sind. Auf jeder dieser beiden Wellen 1 sind abwechselnd Zahnscheiben 2 und Distanzscheiben 3 angeordnet, wobei die Zahnscheiben 2 einen größeren Durchmesser aufweisen als die Distanzscheiben 3. Dies bedeutet, daß die Zahnscheiben 2 der einen Welle 1 auf Lücke zwischen den Zahnscheiben der anderen Welle 1 stehen und dabei zwischen diese greifen. Die beiden Wellen 1 sind mit ihren Zahnscheiben 2 und Distanzscheiben 3 gegenläufig antreibbar, so daß dem Schredder aufgegebene Gegenstände trichterartig nach unten in den Schredder hineingezogen und dabei zerkleinert werden.The shredder basically has two shafts 1, which are aligned horizontally at a distance parallel to one another. On each of these two shafts 1, toothed disks 2 and spacer disks 3 are arranged alternately, the toothed disks 2 having a larger diameter than the spacer disks 3. This means that the toothed disks 2 of the one shaft 1 are in a gap between the toothed disks of the other shaft 1 and reach between them. The two shafts 1 can be driven with their toothed disks 2 and spacer disks 3 in opposite directions, so that objects given to the shredder are drawn funnel-like downward into the shredder and be crushed in the process.

In den Fig. 2 und 3 ist die Welle 1 des Schredders detaillierter dargestellt. Dabei ist erkennbar, daß es sich bei der Welle 1 um eine sogenannte Keilwelle handelt, welche um ihre Längsachse A drehbar ist. Diese Keilwelle weist eine zylinderförmige Mantelfläche 4 auf. Auf dieser sind gleichmäßig um den Umfang verteilt acht Rippen 5 angeordnet, die sich in Längsrichtung der Welle 1 parallel zur Längsachse A erstrecken. Diese Rippen 5 besitzen ein Querschnittsprofil, wie es insbesondere in Fig. 3 erkennbar ist. Die Rippen 5 sind dabei durch zwei einander gegenüberliegende und zueinander parallele Seitenflächen 6 begrenzt. An der radialen Außenseite sind die Rippen 5 jeweils durch eine Außenfläche 7 begrenzt, die durch eine zu der Mantelfläche 4 konzentrische, streifenförmige Teilmantelfläche gebildet ist.2 and 3, the shaft 1 of the shredder is shown in more detail. It can be seen that the shaft 1 is a so-called spline shaft, which is rotatable about its longitudinal axis A. This spline shaft has a cylindrical outer surface 4. Eight ribs 5, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the shaft 1 parallel to the longitudinal axis A, are arranged on the latter, distributed uniformly around the circumference. These ribs 5 have a cross-sectional profile, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 3. The ribs 5 are delimited by two mutually opposite and mutually parallel side surfaces 6. On the radial outside, the ribs 5 are each delimited by an outer surface 7, which is formed by a strip-shaped partial lateral surface concentric with the lateral surface 4.

Die in Fig. 4 dargestellte Distanzscheibe 3 ist als zu der Keilwelle korrespondierende runde Nutscheibe ausgebildet. Diese weist im Innern eine Durchbrechung 8 auf, in der radial nach außen gerichtete Ausnehmungen 9 ausgebildet sind. Das Querschnittsprofil dieser Durchbrechung 8 mit den Ausnehmungen 9 korrespondiert dabei mit dem Querschnittsprofil der Keilwelle, d.h. die Ausnehmungen 9 sind von ihrem Querschnittsprofil her korrespondierend zu dem Querschnittsprofil der Rippen 5 ausgebildet.The spacer disk 3 shown in FIG. 4 is designed as a round grooved disk corresponding to the spline shaft. This has an opening 8 inside, in which recesses 9 are formed which are directed radially outwards. The cross-sectional profile of this opening 8 with the recesses 9 corresponds to the cross-sectional profile of the spline, i.e. The recesses 9 are designed with their cross-sectional profile corresponding to the cross-sectional profile of the ribs 5.

Die in Fig. 5 dargestellte geschliffene und gehärtete Zahnscheibe 2 weist zunächst um den Umfang herum gleichmäßig verteilt sechs Zähne 10 auf. Im Zentrum besitzt die Zahnscheibe 2 eine runde Innenbohrung 11, deren Innendurchmesser etwas größer ist als die innere lichte Weite der Durchbrechung 8 der Distanzscheibe 3 im Bereich der Ausnehmungen 9.The ground and hardened toothed disk 2 shown in FIG. 5 initially has six teeth 10 distributed uniformly around the circumference. In the center, the toothed disk 2 has a round inner bore 11, the inside diameter of which is somewhat larger than the inside clear width of the opening 8 of the spacer disk 3 in the region of the recesses 9.

In den Fig. 6 und 7 schließlich ist dargestellt, wie die Distanzscheibe 3 aus Fig. 4 und die Zahnscheibe 2 aus Fig. 5 unter Bildung einer Distanzscheiben/Zahnscheiben-Baugruppe 12 miteinander koaxial verbunden sind. Zu diesem Zweck ist sowohl die Distanzscheibe 3 als auch die Zahnscheibe 2 um die Durchbrechung 8 herum bzw. um die Innenbohrung 11 herum jeweils mit Befestigungslöchern 13 versehen, in denen jeweils ein Befestigungsstift 14 angeordnet ist. Die beiden Teile sind somit durch Verstiften miteinander verbunden. Diese jeweils aus einer Zahnscheibe 2 und einer Distanzscheibe 3 bestehenden Baugruppen 12 werden nacheinander auf die Wellen 1 aufgeschoben (wie dies in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellt ist) und gesichert. Der Vorteil liegt in dem einfachen und sicheren Aufbau, wobei eine defekte Zahnscheibe 2 auf einfache Weise dadurch durch eine neue Zahnscheibe 2 ersetzt werden kann, indem die Baugruppe 12 mit der defekten Zahnscheibe 2 von der Welle 1 abgezogen und anschließend eine neue Baugruppe 12 mit intakter Zahnscheibe 2 aufgesteckt wird. Dies läßt sich schnell und unkompliziert durchführen. Da darüber hinaus die beiden Wellen 1 in Form von Keilwellen und die Distanzscheiben 3 in Form von Nutscheiben durch handelsübliche Produkte gebildet sind und daher nicht speziell hergestellt werden müssen, ist der erfindungsgemäße Schredder sehr preiswert. Schließlich werden mit ihm die Gegenstände sicher und zuverlässig zerkleinert.Finally, FIGS. 6 and 7 show how the spacer 3 from FIG. 4 and the toothed washer 2 from FIG. 5 are coaxially connected to one another to form a spacer / toothed disk assembly 12. For this purpose, both the spacer 3 and the toothed disk 2 are each provided with fastening holes 13 around the opening 8 or around the inner bore 11, in each of which a fastening pin 14 is arranged. The two parts are thus connected to one another by pinning. These each consist of a toothed washer 2 and a spacer 3 existing assemblies 12 are successively pushed onto the shafts 1 (as is shown schematically in FIG. 1) and secured. The advantage lies in the simple and safe construction, a defective toothed lock washer 2 can be replaced in a simple manner by a new toothed lock washer 2 by pulling the assembly 12 with the defective toothed lock washer 2 from the shaft 1 and then a new assembly 12 with an intact one Toothed lock washer 2 is attached. This can be done quickly and easily. In addition, since the two shafts 1 in the form of splines and the spacers 3 in the form of grooved disks are formed by commercially available products and therefore do not have to be specially manufactured, the shredder according to the invention is very inexpensive. Finally, the objects are shredded safely and reliably.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list

11
Wellewave
22nd
ZahnscheibeTooth lock washer
33rd
DistanzscheibeSpacer
44th
MantelflächeLateral surface
55
Ripperib
66
SeitenflächeSide surface
77
AußenflächeOutside surface
88th
DurchbrechungBreakthrough
99
AusnehmungRecess
1010th
Zahntooth
1111
InnenbohrungInner bore
1212
Distanzscheiben/Zahnscheiben-BaugruppeSpacers / lock washer assembly
1313
BefestigungslochMounting hole
1414
BefestigungsstiftMounting pin
AA
LängsachseLongitudinal axis

Claims (9)

Schredder zum Zerkleinern von Gegenständen
mit zwei Wellen (1), die parallel zueinander mit Abstand angeordnet sowie gegenläufig antreibbar sind und die jeweils ein unrundes Querschnittsprofil aufweisen,
sowie mit jeweils auf die beiden Wellen (1) abwechselnd aufgesteckte Zahnscheiben (2) und Distanzscheiben (3), wobei die Zahnscheiben (2) und Distanzscheiben (3) der einen Welle (1) versetzt zwischen die Zahnscheiben (2) und Distanzscheiben (3) der anderen Welle (1) greifen und wobei die Zahnscheiben (2) auf ihrer Welle (1) durch Formschluß gegen Verdrehen gesichert sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Wellen (1) jeweils auf ihrer Mantelfläche (4) in Längsrichtung verlaufende Rippen (5) aufweisen und
daß die Distanzscheiben (3) jeweils eine zu dem Querschnittsprofil der Wellen (1) korrespondierende Durchbrechung (8) aufweisen, wobei an der Distanzscheibe (3) jeweils eine Zahnscheibe (2) unter Bildung einer Distanzscheiben/Zahnscheiben-Baugruppe (12) befestigt ist.
Shredder for shredding objects
with two shafts (1), which are arranged parallel to each other at a distance and can be driven in opposite directions and each have a non-circular cross-sectional profile,
and with toothed disks (2) and spacers (3) alternately attached to the two shafts (1), the toothed disks (2) and spacers (3) of the one shaft (1) being offset between the toothed disks (2) and spacers (3 ) engage the other shaft (1) and the toothed lock washers (2) on their shaft (1) are secured against rotation by positive locking,
characterized,
that the shafts (1) each have on their lateral surface (4) longitudinal ribs (5) and
that the spacer disks (3) each have an opening (8) corresponding to the cross-sectional profile of the shafts (1), a toothed disk (2) being fastened to the spacer disk (3) to form a spacer disk / toothed disk assembly (12).
Schredder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rippen (5) der Wellen (1) an den dazu korrespondierenden Ausnehmungen (9) der Durchbrechnungen (8) in den Distanzscheiben (3) jederzeit flächig anliegen.Shredder according to claim 1, characterized in that the ribs (5) of the shafts (1) bear flat against the corresponding recesses (9) of the perforations (8) in the spacers (3) at all times. Schredder nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rippen (5) parallel zur Längsachse (A) der Welle (1) verlaufen.Shredder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ribs (5) run parallel to the longitudinal axis (A) of the shaft (1). Schredder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rippen (5) gleichmäßig um den Umfang der Mantelfläche (4) der Welle (1) verteilt sind.Shredder according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ribs (5) are evenly distributed around the circumference of the lateral surface (4) of the shaft (1). Schredder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Wellen (1) jeweils Keilwellen sind und daß die Distanzscheiben (3) jeweils zu den Keilwellen korrespondierende Nutscheiben sind.Shredder according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the two shafts (1) are each spline shafts and that the spacer disks (3) each correspond to the spline shafts are. Schredder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zahnscheiben (2) an ihren Distanzscheiben (3) verstiftet sind.Shredder according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the toothed disks (2) are pinned to their spacer disks (3). Schredder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zahnscheiben (2) eine runde Innenbohrung (11) aufweisen, deren Innendurchmesser größer oder gleich der maximalen inneren lichten Weite der Durchbrechung (8) der Distanzscheibe (3) ist.Shredder according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the toothed disks (2) have a round inner bore (11), the inner diameter of which is greater than or equal to the maximum inner clear width of the opening (8) of the spacer disk (3). Schredder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Winkelabstand zwischen benachbarten Zähnen (10) einander benachbarter Zahnscheiben (2) zwischen 10° und 20°, vorzugsweise 15° beträgt.Shredder according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the angular distance between adjacent teeth (10) of adjacent toothed discs (2) is between 10 ° and 20 °, preferably 15 °. Schredder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wellen jeweils acht Rippen (5) und die Zahnscheibe (2) jeweils sechs Zähne (10) aufweisen.Shredder according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the shafts each have eight ribs (5) and the toothed disc (2) each have six teeth (10).
EP92108715A 1991-07-04 1992-05-23 Shredder for comminuting objects Withdrawn EP0521289A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9108230U DE9108230U1 (en) 1991-07-04 1991-07-04
DE9108230U 1991-07-04

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DE (1) DE9108230U1 (en)

Cited By (3)

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FR2812565A1 (en) * 2000-08-01 2002-02-08 S M P In Pere & Fils Fa Grinding component for plastic waste grinder
CN104307611A (en) * 2014-10-13 2015-01-28 东莞市微然机电科技有限公司 Blade and blade rod of paper shredder
CN109154141A (en) * 2016-02-01 2019-01-04 梅里环境处理公司 Device and method for processing the pigtail object formed in pulper

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US5048764A (en) * 1989-11-06 1991-09-17 Flament Gregory J Apparatus for comminuting solid waste
DE4231376A1 (en) * 1992-09-21 1994-03-24 Jirka Dipl Ing Blaha Shredder for domestic, garden or industrial use - has conical mouthpiece above cutting shafts, which are driven in opposite directions by drive motor

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DE2827544A1 (en) * 1978-06-23 1980-01-17 Moco Masch & Apparatebau Disintegrator for used tyres - has twin counter-rotating shafts which carry cutting discs meeting in pairs with tapered separators
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DE3540896A1 (en) * 1985-11-18 1987-05-21 Bohmter Maschf CRUSHING DEVICE
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DE1117437B (en) * 1957-11-28 1961-11-16 Carl Schnell Maschinenfabrik About a perforated plate rotating knife for shredding machines for agricultural products, animal meat or the like.
DE3577514D1 (en) * 1984-08-31 1990-06-13 Mochizuki Precision Machine CUTTER.
DE3617349A1 (en) * 1986-05-23 1987-11-26 Knecht Gmbh Maschbau KNIFE HEAD FOR MEAT CUTTER

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FR2197655A1 (en) * 1972-08-31 1974-03-29 Tecned Ag
GB1558423A (en) * 1978-03-03 1980-01-03 Dresser Europe Sa Shredding machine
DE2827544A1 (en) * 1978-06-23 1980-01-17 Moco Masch & Apparatebau Disintegrator for used tyres - has twin counter-rotating shafts which carry cutting discs meeting in pairs with tapered separators
US4538766A (en) * 1983-06-03 1985-09-03 Constructie Werkhuizen Vandekerckhove N.V. Process and apparatus for crushing raw materials
DE3540896A1 (en) * 1985-11-18 1987-05-21 Bohmter Maschf CRUSHING DEVICE
US4993648A (en) * 1989-05-22 1991-02-19 Torp Per C Knife assembly

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2812565A1 (en) * 2000-08-01 2002-02-08 S M P In Pere & Fils Fa Grinding component for plastic waste grinder
CN104307611A (en) * 2014-10-13 2015-01-28 东莞市微然机电科技有限公司 Blade and blade rod of paper shredder
CN109154141A (en) * 2016-02-01 2019-01-04 梅里环境处理公司 Device and method for processing the pigtail object formed in pulper

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