EP0503370B1 - Resonant circuit coil for a magnetic field controlled oscillator - Google Patents
Resonant circuit coil for a magnetic field controlled oscillator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0503370B1 EP0503370B1 EP92103243A EP92103243A EP0503370B1 EP 0503370 B1 EP0503370 B1 EP 0503370B1 EP 92103243 A EP92103243 A EP 92103243A EP 92103243 A EP92103243 A EP 92103243A EP 0503370 B1 EP0503370 B1 EP 0503370B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coil
- oscillating circuit
- strip
- circuit coil
- core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type
- H01F17/04—Fixed inductances of the signal type with magnetic core
- H01F17/045—Fixed inductances of the signal type with magnetic core with core of cylindric geometry and coil wound along its longitudinal axis, i.e. rod or drum core
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F5/00—Coils
Definitions
- the invention relates to a resonance circuit coil for a magnetic field-controlled oscillator with a coil body, a winding and a coil core made of amorphous, ferromagnetic metal.
- oscillators of this type in which the oscillating circuit coils represent magnetic sensors with extremely high sensitivity and mechanical and thermal robustness.
- controllable oscillators by the magnetic fields of the flowing currents for monitoring current flows in electrical lines, for example vehicle lamps or other, preferably safety-relevant systems and systems.
- electrical lines for example vehicle lamps or other, preferably safety-relevant systems and systems.
- constant magnetic field it is possible in the constant magnetic field to be able to determine changes in position of such a sensor relative to the field direction and thus to create a compass function.
- Other applications are speed and angle measurements, whereby very slow movements can also be detected, as well as path and position determinations.
- the measured value is formed by changing the magnetic properties of a magnetic circuit consisting of a permanent magnet and a resonant circuit coil or of its coil core, in the end by changing the permeability of the coil core by either a relative movement of two magnetic circuit elements or a field distortion caused by movement relative to the sensor, ferromagnetic material.
- the resonant circuit coil acting as a sensor and at the same time being an element of the signal-processing oscillator circuit is suitable for large-volume production, ie the resonant circuit coil must be designed so that it consists of simple and easy to assemble components are insensitive to tolerances and can be easily assembled even on a suitable carrier, for example a printed circuit board, so that the prerequisites for mechanical assembly are met even with relatively small dimensions.
- the object on which the invention is based is therefore to create a resonance circuit coil of the type mentioned at the outset, which can be satisfactorily reproduced when it is manufactured under large-series conditions with as little manufacturing and assembly effort as possible.
- the solution to the problem provides that a winding mandrel is formed between cheeks formed on the coil body of the oscillating circuit coil, that the coil core is designed in the form of a band, and that this band is fastened to a surface which has just been formed on the winding mandrel.
- the coil core is designed in the form of a tape and that the tape can be fastened to the coil body from the outside, for example by direct gluing or by using a carrier coated on both sides.
- the coil body is designed in such a way that the band-shaped coil core extends over the entire length of the bobbin can be attached. This solution also offers the prerequisite for mechanical assembly of the coil core with little effort.
- the solution found can thus be produced without problems.
- it can be used universally and in particular also in cost-critical applications, for example in vehicle technology.
- the circuit according to FIG. 1 represents an emitter-coupled oscillator with an oscillating circuit connected in parallel, consisting of a filter capacitor 2, which is used for short-circuiting interference voltages, consisting of an emitter resistor 5 assigned to two transistors 3 and 4 connected in parallel, as well as a capacitor 6 and a parallel connected Voice coil 7, which the frequency-determining variables, d. H. specify the capacitance and the inductance of the oscillating circuit.
- a capacitor 8 is used to decouple the signal of the oscillating circuit.
- the output stage 9 connected downstream of the oscillator 1 consists of a voltage divider formed by resistors 10 and 11, which is used to set the operating point of a transistor 12. With 13 the load resistance of the transistor 12 is designated. After the input voltage has been applied, a signal according to the voltage-time diagram shown is present at output 14 of output stage 9.
- the coil former 15 produced by the injection molding process has two cheeks 16 and 17, between which a winding mandrel 18 which is cylindrical in the present exemplary embodiment and which can also have an elongated, in any case a rounded cross-sectional shape, is formed.
- a lug 19 attached to the coil former 15 serves to receive the coil former in a winding device, while the pins 20 and 21, which are offset on the cheeks 16 and 17, are provided for fixing the resonant circuit coil 7 on a suitable carrier, not shown, preferably a printed circuit board are.
- Openings 22 and 23 formed in the cheeks 16 and 17 serve to press in contact pins 24 and 25 (FIG. 4).
- the band-shaped coil core 27 is preferably attached to the coil body 15 by gluing on the base surface 28 of the groove 26. It is also conceivable to use a double-sided coated adhesive tape as a carrier and fastening element for the band-shaped coil core 27.
- the winding mandrel 18 can also be provided with a flat surface. It is crucial for the resonant circuit coil 7 according to the invention that the attachment or fastening surface for the band-shaped coil core 27 continues over the entire length of the coil body 15 in order to achieve the greatest possible sensitivity.
- the contact pins 24 and 25, on the one hand, together with the fixing pins 20 and 21 serve to fasten the voice circuit coil 7 to a printed circuit board by reaching through the printed circuit board and being connected to conductor tracks, and on the other hand to attach and contact the cable ends 29 and 30 on the winding mandrel 18 applied winding 31 of the voice circuit coil 7.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
- Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schwingkreisspule für einen magnetfeldgesteuerten Oszillator mit einem Spulenkörper, einer Wicklung und einem Spulenkern aus amorphem, ferromagnetischem Metall.The invention relates to a resonance circuit coil for a magnetic field-controlled oscillator with a coil body, a winding and a coil core made of amorphous, ferromagnetic metal.
Für derartige Oszillatoren, bei denen die Schwingkreisspulen magnetische Sensoren mit extrem hoher Empfindlichkeit sowie mechanischer und thermischer Robustheit darstellen, sind bereits die verschiedensten Anwendungsbeispiele bekannt geworden. So wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, für die Überwachung von Stromflüssen in elektrischen Leitungen, beispielsweise von Fahrzeuglampen oder anderen, vorzugsweise sicherheitsrelevanten Systemen und Anlagen, durch die Magnetfelder der fließenden Ströme steuerbare Oszillatoren vorzusehen. Andererseits ist es im konstanten Magnetfeld möglich, Lageänderungen eines derartigen Sensors relativ zur Feldrichtung bestimmen zu können und somit eine Kompaßfunktion zu schaffen. Andere Anwendungen sind Drehzahl- und Drehwinkelmessungen, wobei auch sehr langsame Bewegungen erfaßbar sind, sowie weg- und Positionsbestimmungen. Bei diesen Anwendungen erfolgt die Meßwertbildung durch Änderung der magnetischen Eigenschaften eines aus einem Dauermagneten und einer Schwingkreisspule bzw. aus deren Spulenkern bestehenden Magnetkreises, letzten Endes durch die Änderung der Permeabilität des Spulenkerns durch entweder eine Relativbewegung zweier Magnetkreiselemente oder einer Feldverzerrung durch relativ zum Sensor bewegtes, ferromagnetisches Material.A wide variety of application examples have already become known for oscillators of this type, in which the oscillating circuit coils represent magnetic sensors with extremely high sensitivity and mechanical and thermal robustness. For example, it has already been proposed to provide controllable oscillators by the magnetic fields of the flowing currents for monitoring current flows in electrical lines, for example vehicle lamps or other, preferably safety-relevant systems and systems. On the other hand, it is possible in the constant magnetic field to be able to determine changes in position of such a sensor relative to the field direction and thus to create a compass function. Other applications are speed and angle measurements, whereby very slow movements can also be detected, as well as path and position determinations. In these applications, the measured value is formed by changing the magnetic properties of a magnetic circuit consisting of a permanent magnet and a resonant circuit coil or of its coil core, in the end by changing the permeability of the coil core by either a relative movement of two magnetic circuit elements or a field distortion caused by movement relative to the sensor, ferromagnetic material.
Dieser Anwendungsumfang bedingt für die als Sensor wirkende und gleichzeitig ein Element der signalverarbeitenden Oszillatorschaltung darstellende Schwingkreisspule eine für die Großserienfertigung geeignete Architektur, d. h. die Schwingkreisspule ist konstruktiv so zu gestalten, daß sie aus einfachen und leicht montierbaren Bauteilen toleranzunempfindlich aufgebaut und selbst auf einem geeigneten Träger, beispielsweise einer Leiterplatte, problemlos montierbar ist, so daß die Voraussetzungen für eine maschinelle Montage auch bei relativer Kleinheit gegeben sind.This scope of application requires that the resonant circuit coil acting as a sensor and at the same time being an element of the signal-processing oscillator circuit is suitable for large-volume production, ie the resonant circuit coil must be designed so that it consists of simple and easy to assemble components are insensitive to tolerances and can be easily assembled even on a suitable carrier, for example a printed circuit board, so that the prerequisites for mechanical assembly are met even with relatively small dimensions.
Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe besteht somit in der Schaffung einer Schwingkreisspule der eingangs genannten Art, welche bei Herstellung unter Großserienbedingungen mit möglichst geringem Fertigungs- und Montageaufwand zufriedenstellend reproduzierbar ist.The object on which the invention is based is therefore to create a resonance circuit coil of the type mentioned at the outset, which can be satisfactorily reproduced when it is manufactured under large-series conditions with as little manufacturing and assembly effort as possible.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe sieht vor, daß zwischen an dem Spulenkörper der Schwingkreisspule angeformten Wangen ein Wickeldorn ausgeformt ist, daß der Spulenkern bandförmig ausgebildet ist und daß dieses Band an einer an dem Wickeldorn eben ausgebildeten Fläche befestigt ist.The solution to the problem provides that a winding mandrel is formed between cheeks formed on the coil body of the oscillating circuit coil, that the coil core is designed in the form of a band, and that this band is fastened to a surface which has just been formed on the winding mandrel.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildungen beschreiben die Unteransprüche.The subclaims describe further advantageous developments.
Mit der gefundenen Lösung ist eine weitgehende Miniaturisierung möglich, d. h. Dimensionierungsprobleme, insbesondere bei der unmittelbaren Zuordnung zu elektrischen Schaltungen, sind vermieden. Die einfach gestaltete und spritzgießtechnisch problemlos herstellbare Schwingkreisspule ist auf einem Träger, z. B. einer Leiterplatte, leicht montierbar und für das Aufbringen der Wicklungen in einer Wickelvorrichtung gut aufnehmbar. Dabei ist durch die Ausbildung des Wickeldorns dafür Sorge getragen, daß eine Kerbwirkung an der empfindlichen Isolation des Spulendrahtes vermieden ist.Extensive miniaturization is possible with the solution found. H. Dimensioning problems, in particular in the direct assignment to electrical circuits, are avoided. The simply designed and easily injection-molded voice circuit coil is on a carrier, for. B. a circuit board, easy to assemble and easy to take up for the application of the windings in a winding device. The formation of the winding mandrel ensures that a notch effect on the sensitive insulation of the coil wire is avoided.
Für die Fertigung von besonderem Vorteil ist es ferner, daß der Spulenkern in Bandform ausgebildet ist und daß das Band von außen an dem Spulenkörper, beispielsweise durch unmittelbares Kleben oder durch Verwendung eines beidseitig klebend beschichteten Trägers, befestigbar ist. Dabei ist, um eine maximale Empfindlichkeit zu erzielen, der Spulenkörper derart gestaltet, daß der bandförmige Spulenkern über die gesamte Länge des Spulenkörpers angebracht werden kann. Diese Lösung bietet zusätzlich die Voraussetzung für eine maschinelle Montage des Spulenkerns mit geringem Aufwand.It is also of particular advantage for the production that the coil core is designed in the form of a tape and that the tape can be fastened to the coil body from the outside, for example by direct gluing or by using a carrier coated on both sides. In order to achieve maximum sensitivity, the coil body is designed in such a way that the band-shaped coil core extends over the entire length of the bobbin can be attached. This solution also offers the prerequisite for mechanical assembly of the coil core with little effort.
Die gefundene Lösung ist somit problemlos herstellbar. Außerdem ist sie universell verwendbar und insbesondere auch bei kostenkritischen Anwendungen, beispielsweise in der Fahrzeugtechnik, einsetzbar.The solution found can thus be produced without problems. In addition, it can be used universally and in particular also in cost-critical applications, for example in vehicle technology.
Im folgenden sei die Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1 eine Oszillatorschaltung, in welcher die erfindungsgemäße Schwingkreisspule Anwendung findet,
- Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht des Spulenkörpers,
- Fig. 3 eine Seitenansicht des Spulenkörpers und
- Fig. 4 einen Teilschnitt der erfindungsgemäßen Schwingkreisspule in Richtung ihrer Längsachse.
- 1 shows an oscillator circuit in which the resonant circuit coil according to the invention is used,
- 2 is a plan view of the bobbin,
- Fig. 3 is a side view of the bobbin and
- Fig. 4 is a partial section of the resonance circuit coil according to the invention in the direction of its longitudinal axis.
Die Schaltung gemäß Fig. 1 stellt einen emittergekoppelten Oszillator dar mit einer einem Siebkondensator 2, der dem Kurzschließen von Störspannungen dient, parallel geschalteten Schwingschaltung, bestehend aus einem zwei parallel geschalteten Transistoren 3 und 4 gemeinsam zugeordneten Emitterwiderstand 5 sowie einem Kondensator 6 und einer parallel geschalteten Schwingkreisspule 7, welche die frequenzbestimmenden Größen, d. h. die Kapazität und die Induktivität der Schwingschaltung vorgeben. Ein Kondensator 8 dient der Auskopplung des Signals der Schwingschaltung. Die dem Oszillator 1 nachgeschaltete Ausgangsstufe 9 besteht aus einem von Widerständen 10 und 11 gebildeten Spannungsteiler, welcher der Einstellung des Arbeitspunktes eines Transistors 12 dient. Mit 13 ist der Arbeitswiderstand des Transistors 12 bezeichnet. Nach dem Anlegen der Eingangsspannung steht an dem Ausgang 14 der Ausgangsstufe 9 ein Signal gemäß dem dargestellten Spannungs-Zeit-Diagramm an.The circuit according to FIG. 1 represents an emitter-coupled oscillator with an oscillating circuit connected in parallel, consisting of a filter capacitor 2, which is used for short-circuiting interference voltages, consisting of an
Wie aus der Draufsicht Fig. 2 und der zugeordneten Seitenansicht Fig. 3 hervorgeht, weist der im Spritzgießverfahren hergestellte Spulenkörper 15 zwei Wangen 16 und 17 auf, zwischen denen ein im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel zylindrischer Wickeldorn 18, der auch eine längliche, jedenfalls eine abgerundete Querschnittsform aufweisen kann, ausgebildet ist. Ein am Spulenkörper 15 angebrachter Ansatz 19 dient dem Aufnehmen des Spulenkörpers in einer Wickelvorrichtung, während die an den Wangen 16 und 17 versetzt zueinander angeordneten Zapfen 20 und 21 für ein Fixieren der Schwingkreisspule 7 auf einem geeigneten, nicht dargestellten Träger, vorzugsweise einer Leiterplatte, vorgesehen sind. In den Wangen 16 und 17 ausgebildete Öffnungen 22 und 23 dienen dem Einpressen von Kontaktstiften 24 und 25 (Fig. 4). Eine Nut 26, die sich über die gesamte Länge des Spulenkörpers 15 erstreckt, ist für das Anbringen des bandförmigen Spulenkerns 27 (Fig. 4) vorgesehen. Dabei wird der bandförmige Spulenkern 27 vorzugsweise durch Kleben auf der Grundfläche 28 der Nut 26 an dem Spulenkörper 15 befestigt. Denkbar ist auch die Verwendung eines doppelseitig beschichteten Klebebandes als Träger und Befestigungselement für den bandförmigen Spulenkern 27. Anstelle einer Nut 26 kann der Wickeldorn 18 auch mit einer ebenen Fläche versehen sein. Entscheidend für die erfindungsgemäße Schwingkreisspule 7 ist es, daß sich die Anbringungs- bzw. Befestigungsfläche für den bandförmigen Spulenkern 27 über die gesamte Länge des Spulenkörpers 15 fortsetzt, um eine möglichst große Empfindlichkeit zu erzielen. Die Kontaktstifte 24 und 25 dienen einerseits zusammen mit den Fixierzapfen 20 und 21 dem Befestigen der Schwingkreisspule 7 auf einer Leiterplatte, indem sie durch die Leiterplatte hindurchgreifen und mit Leiterbahnen verbunden werden, andererseits dem Anheften und Kontaktieren der Leitungsenden 29 und 30 der auf dem Wickeldorn 18 aufgebrachten Wicklung 31 der Schwingkreisspule 7.As can be seen from the top view in FIG. 2 and the associated side view in FIG. 3, the coil former 15 produced by the injection molding process has two
Claims (6)
- An oscillating circuit coil for an oscillator controlled by magnetic field, having a coil body (15), a winding and a coil core (27) of amorphous ferromagnetic metal, characterized in that a winding mandrel (18) is formed between cheeks (16, 17) integrally formed on the coil body (15) of the oscillating circuit coil, in that the coil core (27) is of strip-shaped construction, and in that this strip is secured to a surface, constructed to be planar, on the winding mandrel (18).
- An oscillating circuit coil according to Claim 1, characterized in that the planar surface is constructed over the entire length of the coil body (15), and in that the length of the strip-shaped coil core (27) corresponds to the length of the planar surface.
- An oscillating circuit coil according to Claim 1, characterized in that the coil body (15) is provided with a groove (26) and the planar surface is formed by the base surface (28) of the groove (26).
- An oscillating circuit coil according to Claim 1, characterized in that tabs (20, 21) are integrally formed on the cheeks (16, 17) for the purpose of securing the oscillating circuit coil (7) specifically to a printed circuit board and contact pins (24, 25) are attached.
- An oscillating circuit coil according to Claim 1, characterized in that the strip-shaped coil core (27) is secured to the planar surface (28) by adhesion.
- An oscillating circuit coil according to Claim 1, characterized in that the strip-shaped coil core (27) is secured by using an adhesive strip in the groove (26) of the coil body (15).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE9102779U DE9102779U1 (en) | 1991-03-08 | 1991-03-08 | Resonant circuit coil for a magnetic field controlled oscillator |
DE9102779U | 1991-03-08 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0503370A1 EP0503370A1 (en) | 1992-09-16 |
EP0503370B1 true EP0503370B1 (en) | 1995-10-25 |
Family
ID=6865041
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92103243A Expired - Lifetime EP0503370B1 (en) | 1991-03-08 | 1992-02-26 | Resonant circuit coil for a magnetic field controlled oscillator |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0503370B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0739205Y2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE9102779U1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2085507T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19538757C1 (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1997-03-06 | Vdo Schindling | Magnetic field sensor for automotive instrumentation applications |
DE19547091B4 (en) * | 1995-12-16 | 2005-04-07 | Kaschke Kg (Gmbh & Co.) | Antenna coil with surface mountable housing and method of making the same |
US6466121B1 (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2002-10-15 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Coil assembly |
DE10249919A1 (en) * | 2002-10-26 | 2004-05-13 | Festo Ag & Co. | Coil arrangement as a magnetic field sensor |
JP6968720B2 (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2021-11-17 | ヒロセ電機株式会社 | Wire winding method and magnetic sensor |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5712283B2 (en) * | 1973-12-18 | 1982-03-10 | ||
DE3334827A1 (en) * | 1983-09-27 | 1985-04-11 | Vogt Gmbh & Co Kg, 8391 Erlau | Interference-protection inductor, and a method for producing such interference-protection inductors |
GB2157087A (en) * | 1984-03-13 | 1985-10-16 | Weyrad | Improvements relating to linearity coils |
JPS60233904A (en) * | 1984-05-04 | 1985-11-20 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Antenna system |
DE3824642A1 (en) * | 1988-07-20 | 1990-02-01 | Vogt Electronic Ag | DUO COIL E.g. AS A DRIVER AND VERTICAL DISTRACTION INTEGRATION COIL FOR THE EAST-WEST DIODE MODULATOR IN VIEWING EQUIPMENT |
-
1991
- 1991-03-08 DE DE9102779U patent/DE9102779U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-02-26 ES ES92103243T patent/ES2085507T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-02-26 DE DE59204087T patent/DE59204087D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-02-26 EP EP92103243A patent/EP0503370B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-06 JP JP1992011401U patent/JPH0739205Y2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE9102779U1 (en) | 1991-05-29 |
JPH0739205Y2 (en) | 1995-09-06 |
JPH04127614U (en) | 1992-11-20 |
EP0503370A1 (en) | 1992-09-16 |
ES2085507T3 (en) | 1996-06-01 |
DE59204087D1 (en) | 1995-11-30 |
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