EP0494435B1 - Article abrasif revêtu et procédé pour sa fabrication - Google Patents

Article abrasif revêtu et procédé pour sa fabrication Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0494435B1
EP0494435B1 EP91122086A EP91122086A EP0494435B1 EP 0494435 B1 EP0494435 B1 EP 0494435B1 EP 91122086 A EP91122086 A EP 91122086A EP 91122086 A EP91122086 A EP 91122086A EP 0494435 B1 EP0494435 B1 EP 0494435B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
abrasive
grains
additional
deposited
grain
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91122086A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0494435A1 (fr
Inventor
Gustav Eisenberg
Wolfgang Dr. Falz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VEREINIGTE SCHMIRGEL- und MASCHINEN-FABRIKEN AG
Original Assignee
VEREINIGTE SCHMIRGEL- und MASCHINEN-FABRIKEN AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VEREINIGTE SCHMIRGEL- und MASCHINEN-FABRIKEN AG filed Critical VEREINIGTE SCHMIRGEL- und MASCHINEN-FABRIKEN AG
Publication of EP0494435A1 publication Critical patent/EP0494435A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0494435B1 publication Critical patent/EP0494435B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds

Definitions

  • Backed abrasives are generally described in manufactured in such a way that on a flexible carrier, like paper, fabric or vulcanized fiber, a binder, such as animal glue or phenol-formaldehyde resin into which the abrasive grain is electrostatic or is scattered mechanically. After curing this so-called basic bond is the abrasive grain in its position fixed on the carrier. Then it will a second bond layer, the so-called cover bond, applied, also from animal glues or resols mixed with fillers. This second bond layer gives the abrasive grain its final firm anchoring on the beam.
  • the use of different types of fillers in binding systems for abrasives such as those mentioned Glues or resols happen for various reasons. So in addition to stretching through cheaper fabrics like e.g. B. chalk, also improving each Drying and curing processes and an improvement the mechanical properties of the bonds.
  • grinding active fillers such as. B. cryolite or potassium fluoroborate, one depending on the respective material, more or less great improvement in grinding performance achieved because these substances the grinding process positive influence.
  • the addition takes place in finely ground form in the cover binding.
  • the maximum processable size is determined by the usual mixing and application procedures determined.
  • DE-PS 3 112 954 C2 grinding active substances in solid abrasives also in the form of granules or Pellets used.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an abrasive to show the questionable type, which is not the aforementioned Is subject to restrictions and still with a lower proportion of abrasive grain and thus reduced Cost grinding performance comparable to that Provides abrasives according to the prior art.
  • This task is performed on the abrasive after Preamble of claim 1 solved in that the Additional grains about the same grain size as that Have abrasive grains and one or more of the a lower hardness than the abrasive grains Fabrics chalk, cryolite, dried aluminum oxide suspension or single crystal magnesium oxide. It was surprisingly found that the grinding performance significantly increased through this training can be. The additional grains do not have to be possess abrasive properties. So it's for them Additional grains no particular hardness required. As well are grinding active properties, such as. B. at Known cryolite is not required.
  • the spatial arrangement of abrasive grain and Additional grain selected so that the tips of the abrasive grain and the additional grain lie in one plane if possible and so that they can be used simultaneously in the grinding process.
  • the advantage of the abrasive according to the invention is not only a matter of considerable savings expensive abrasive grain, but above all in one significant increase in grinding performance.
  • the application is according to the usual state of the art of additional grains in the size of the used Abrasive grains together with the cover binding only under major difficulties possible, so that the invention Abrasives advantageously produced in this way is that the additional grains used with the Abrasive grain are mixed and this mixture is electrostatic or mechanically sprinkled into the basic weave becomes.
  • the two components also in two or more consecutive Scattering processes are applied.
  • the cover binding is then roller-coated applied, these 50% by weight a phenol resole and 50% by weight synthetic Cryolite with an average particle size of 15 ⁇ m consists.
  • the amount applied is 460 g / sqm.
  • the cover binding is also cured in a known manner.
  • the abrasive thus obtained is then made flexible and to an endless belt of 2000 mm in length and 50 mm made up.
  • the test is carried out by grinding against a rotating one Round rod of 30 mm diameter made of C 45, material no. 1.0503 according to DIN 669 under a load of 35 N, grinding at intervals of 5 min each becomes.
  • the test is ended when the sanding per Interval drops below 50 g.
  • a test tape according to Example 1 is produced, with a mixture of 50 vol .-% zirconium corundum of grain size 36 (according to AINSI) and 50 vol .-% one on the same Grain size sifted on sifted chalk as additional grain becomes.
  • the applied amount is 680 g / qm.
  • the test is carried out as in Example 1 under a load of 40 N. The test is ended when the sanding drops below 100 g per interval.
  • a test tape according to Example 1 is produced, however, a mixture of 60 vol .-% cryolite granules as additional grain, sieved to grain size 36 and 40 Vol .-% zirconium corundum is scattered.
  • the test is done against a rotating round rod of 30 mm diameter made of stainless steel (material no. 1.4301 rolled and quenched, ADW 2, DIN 17440 - 7/85). It is in eight intervals of 5 minutes each, a total sanding 1203 g achieved.
  • Sprinkled with pure zirconium corundum Comparative band achieved in the same period a sanding of only 660 g.
  • a test tape according to Example 1 is produced, however, a mixture of 55 vol .-% zirconium corundum Grain size 36 and 45 vol .-% of a dried, finely divided Alumina suspension according to DE-PS 3 604 848 C2 as additional grain sifted to the same grain size, is scattered.
  • the tape is completed as in the previous examples.
  • the service life of the abrasive according to the invention is 25 intervals compared to only 12 intervals of the comparison tape.
  • a test tape according to Example 1 is produced, with a mixture of 50 vol .-% sintered corundum grain size 36 and 50 vol .-% monocrystalline magnesium oxide the same grain size is scattered as additional grain.
  • the test is carried out against a rotating round rod from 30 mm diameter made of 42 CrMo4 (material no. 1.7225). 20 intervals of 1 min each are ground under a pressure of 35 N. The removal is 642 g; a comparison belt with pure sintered corundum only grinded to 545 g in the same period.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Article abrasif sur un support sur lequel sont rapportées un liant de base et dessus une couche répandue en un mélange de particules abrasives et de grains d'addition et, sur la couche répandue, un liant de recouvrement,
    caractérisé en ce que les grains d'addition ont approximativement la même grosseur de grains que les particules abrasives et sont constitués d'un ou plusieurs matériaux, craie, cryolithe, suspension sèche d'oxyde d'aluminium ou oxyde de magnésium monocristallin ayant une dureté inférieure à celle des particules abrasives.
  2. Article abrasif selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que les particules abrasives sont constituées d'oxyde d'aluminium et d'oxyde de zirconium en mélange eutectique, ou d'oxyde d'aluminium polycristallin, ou de corindon normal ou d'un mélange de ceux-ci.
  3. Article abrasif selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que la grosseur de grains des particules abrasives et des grains d'addition est de P36.
  4. Article abrasif selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie des grains d'addition présente un diamètre de 50 à 150%, de préférence de 80 à 120%, du diamètre moyen des particules abrasives.
  5. Article abrasif selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que la masse de grains d'addition, rapportée à la masse totale du mélange particules abrasives/grains d'addition, est de 5 à 90% en volume, de préférence 20 à 80% en volume.
  6. Procédé pour la fabrication d'articles abrasifs sur un support selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    dans lequel sont rapportées sur le support, une couche de liant de base et dessus une couche répandue de particules abrasives et de grains d'addition n'ayant pas d'action abrasive, de taille de grains approximativement égale à celle des particules abrasives,
    les particules abrasives et les grains d'addition étant répandus sous forme de mélange ou dans des processus successifs de distribution et
    un liant de recouvrement étant rapporté sur la couche répandue respective.
  7. Utilisation de l'article abrasif selon l'une des revendications précédentes pour la fabrication d'outils de rectification.
EP91122086A 1991-01-05 1991-12-21 Article abrasif revêtu et procédé pour sa fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0494435B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4100167 1991-01-05
DE4100167A DE4100167A1 (de) 1991-01-05 1991-01-05 Schleifmittel und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0494435A1 EP0494435A1 (fr) 1992-07-15
EP0494435B1 true EP0494435B1 (fr) 1998-07-22

Family

ID=6422580

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91122086A Expired - Lifetime EP0494435B1 (fr) 1991-01-05 1991-12-21 Article abrasif revêtu et procédé pour sa fabrication

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0494435B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0739575B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR0149510B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE168611T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4100167A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0494435T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2120952T3 (fr)
HK (1) HK1011632A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA9235B (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5885311A (en) * 1997-06-05 1999-03-23 Norton Company Abrasive products

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0024099A1 (fr) * 1979-06-29 1981-02-25 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Minéral abrasif non-fondu à base d'oxyde d'aluminium, procédé pour sa fabrication et produits abrasifs contenant ledit minéral abrasif

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1830757A (en) * 1926-07-03 1931-11-10 Carborundum Co Abrasive article
US2806772A (en) * 1954-09-15 1957-09-17 Electro Refractories & Abrasiv Abrasive bodies
DE2026628A1 (en) * 1969-06-04 1970-12-10 Juillerat, Henri, BoIe (Schweiz) Manufacture of grinding discs
US3891408A (en) * 1972-09-08 1975-06-24 Norton Co Zirconia-alumina abrasive grain and grinding tools
DE7720014U1 (de) * 1977-06-25 1977-10-20 Feldmuehle Anlagen- Und Produktionsgesellschaft Mbh, 4000 Duesseldorf Schleifmittel auf unterlage
CA1113727A (fr) * 1978-01-09 1981-12-08 Paul Cichy Abrasif contenant du zirconium et de la bauxite; produits qui en contiennent
DE2813258C2 (de) * 1978-03-28 1985-04-25 Sia Schweizer Schmirgel- & Schleifindustrie Ag, Frauenfeld Schleifkörper
US4253850A (en) * 1979-08-17 1981-03-03 Norton Company Resin bonded abrasive bodies for snagging metal containing low abrasive and high filler content
AT370024B (de) * 1980-04-01 1983-02-25 Swarovski Tyrolit Schleif Schleifkoerper mit schleifkorn
DE3031657A1 (de) * 1980-08-22 1982-03-04 Ernst Winter & Sohn ( GmbH & Co.), 2000 Hamburg Schleifwerkzeug
US4800685A (en) * 1984-05-31 1989-01-31 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Alumina bonded abrasive for cast iron
DE3604848A1 (de) * 1986-02-15 1987-08-20 Ver Schmirgel & Maschf Schleifkorn und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
JPH07102505B2 (ja) * 1988-04-13 1995-11-08 富士写真フイルム株式会社 研磨テープ
US5037453A (en) * 1989-09-13 1991-08-06 Norton Company Abrasive article
US5110322A (en) * 1989-09-13 1992-05-05 Norton Company Abrasive article
JPH06179576A (ja) * 1992-12-11 1994-06-28 Fujikura Ltd 線条体の巻取装置
JP3052636B2 (ja) * 1993-02-17 2000-06-19 日産自動車株式会社 車載用ジャッキ及び輪止め具の収納方法

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0024099A1 (fr) * 1979-06-29 1981-02-25 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Minéral abrasif non-fondu à base d'oxyde d'aluminium, procédé pour sa fabrication et produits abrasifs contenant ledit minéral abrasif

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, 17. Auflage, 1969, F.A.Brockhaus Verlag, Wiesbaden, Band 17, Seite 704. *
Chemie, 5. Auflage, VEB F.A.Brockhaus Verlag, Leipzig, 1981, Band 1, Seite 2 und Band 2, Seite 1020. *
Fachkunde für Metallberufe, 44. Auflage, Verlag Europa-Lehrmittel, Wuppertal, 1981, Seiten 402 und 403 *
Kunstoff-Handbuch, Band X, "Duroplaste", Carl Hanser Verlag, München, 1968, Seiten 99 und 282. *
Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der technischen Chemie, 3. Auflage, Urban und Schwarzenberg, München-Berlin, Band 15 (1964), Seiten 197-199 und Band 19 (1969), Seiten 195-197. *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0494435A1 (fr) 1992-07-15
DK0494435T3 (da) 2001-04-23
ZA9235B (en) 1992-09-30
JPH04304287A (ja) 1992-10-27
KR920014565A (ko) 1992-08-25
DE4100167A1 (de) 1992-07-16
JPH0739575B2 (ja) 1995-05-01
AU650309B2 (en) 1994-06-16
KR0149510B1 (ko) 1998-10-15
DE59109030D1 (de) 1998-08-27
HK1011632A1 (en) 1999-07-16
AU9008491A (en) 1992-07-09
ATE168611T1 (de) 1998-08-15
DE4100167C2 (fr) 1993-04-29
ES2120952T3 (es) 1998-11-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE69115735T2 (de) Schleifkörnchen
DE69125086T2 (de) Mit erodierbaren Konglomeraten überzogener Schleifkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE69123749T2 (de) Erodierbare agglomerate enthaltendes beschichtetes schleifmittel
DE69029421T2 (de) Gesintertes Filament auf Sol-Gel-Aluminiumoxidbasis und Verfahren und dessen Verwendung
DE3030506C2 (fr)
DE69115220T2 (de) Schleifmittel und Verfahren zu seiner Verwendung.
DE69008444T2 (de) Beschichtete Schleifkörper mit antistatischer Überschicht.
DE3855176T2 (de) Produkt zum Polieren von Glas
DE69016327T2 (de) Schleifkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung.
DE2449317A1 (de) Verstaerkte harzgebundene schleifscheibe
DE2536090A1 (de) Schleifkoerper und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE2635104C3 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von gebundenen Schleifkörpern
DE69004233T2 (de) Band für die Feinbearbeitung von Oberflächen und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben.
DE10392537T5 (de) Anti-Zusetz-Behandlungen
EP0494435B1 (fr) Article abrasif revêtu et procédé pour sa fabrication
DE10197149B4 (de) Beschichtetes Schleifmittel und Verfahren zur Herstellung
DE3042643A1 (de) Schleifkoerper und verfahren zur herstellung desselben
DE7718924U1 (de) Schleifscheibe
DE2744877C3 (de) Verstärkungsmaterial für harzgebundene Schleifkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
EP0560018A1 (fr) Article abrasif
DE2025204C3 (de) Flexibles Schleifwerkzeug
DE69109671T2 (de) Verbesserungen für oder betreffende brembeläge.
DE3111232A1 (de) Schleifpapiere oder -leinen
DE3218441C1 (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen von blatt- oder bandförmigen Schleifwerkzeugen
DE2417196C3 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schleifkörpern auf Unterlage

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19921205

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19940214

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 168611

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19980815

Kind code of ref document: T

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59109030

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19980827

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: PATENTANWALTSBUERO JEAN HUNZIKER

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19981021

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2120952

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: EGE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: T3

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Payment date: 20101112

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20101231

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20110104

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 20101202

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20101228

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20101217

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20101230

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20101229

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: GR

Payment date: 20101126

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20110207

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20101229

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20101223

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20101111

Year of fee payment: 20

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R071

Ref document number: 59109030

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R071

Ref document number: 59109030

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: V4

Effective date: 20111221

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

BE20 Be: patent expired

Owner name: *VEREINIGTE SCHMIRGEL- UND MASCHINEN-FABRIKEN A.G.

Effective date: 20111221

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: PE20

Expiry date: 20111220

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: EUP

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20111221

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: EUG

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20111220

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GR

Ref legal event code: MA

Ref document number: 980402432

Country of ref document: GR

Effective date: 20111222

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK07

Ref document number: 168611

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20111221

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20111222

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20140827

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20111222