EP0439970B1 - Slotted wave guide radiator with non-inclined slots excited by conductive printed patterns - Google Patents
Slotted wave guide radiator with non-inclined slots excited by conductive printed patterns Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0439970B1 EP0439970B1 EP90403194A EP90403194A EP0439970B1 EP 0439970 B1 EP0439970 B1 EP 0439970B1 EP 90403194 A EP90403194 A EP 90403194A EP 90403194 A EP90403194 A EP 90403194A EP 0439970 B1 EP0439970 B1 EP 0439970B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- slots
- guide
- slot
- small side
- pattern
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
- H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a guide with radiating slots not inclined with excitation by radiating pattern of the type comprising slots perpendicular to the axis of the guide, cut out on a short side of the guide with a spacing substantially equal to half a length of operating wave in the guide.
- Slotted guides are frequently used as linear arrays of radiating sources in array antennas, for example in radar. Their advantages are low cost and low losses. To obtain a radiation close to normal to the guide and a good adaptation, it is necessary on the one hand a distance between successive slits close to ⁇ g / 2, where ⁇ g is the wavelength in the guide, and on the other hand a additional phase shift of ⁇ between two consecutive slots.
- slots arranged on the long side of a rectangular section guide or on the short side have several drawbacks and in particular a large pitch between successive guides, which limits the scanning angle of the beam in a plane perpendicular to the guides. We therefore prefer to use slots on the short side of the guides.
- a first solution therefore consists in tilting the slots alternately on one side and on the other to obtain the necessary conditions specified above.
- this solution to the drawback due to the inclination of the slits, of radiating a cross-polarized component which can reach levels incompatible with proper operation of the antenna using these guides.
- Another known solution then consists in using non-inclined slots (perpendicular to the axis of the guide) and in exciting them by means of an obstacle placed in the guide (iris, stems).
- the invention relates to a slotted guide overcomes these drawbacks by using flat radiating conductive patterns (called "patch” in the English literature) to excite each slit.
- Figures 1 and 2 show a waveguide 1 comprising, cut on the short side, radiating slots 2, 3 not inclined, that is to say perpendicular to the axis of the guide. As already mentioned, such slots are normally not coupled to the energy propagating in the guide 1 and therefore do not radiate.
- the radiating patterns 5, 7 serve as a coupling antenna with the electromagnetic energy propagating in the guide 1; the energy sampled by a pattern 5, 7 feeds the line 6, 8 which is connected to it and the latter excites the associated slot 2, 3 which then radiates the energy which is thus transmitted to it.
- the radiating patterns 5, 7 and the lines 6, 8 are produced according to the technique of printed circuits on the face of the wafer 4 which is not in contact with the short side carrying the slots.
- This short side serves as a ground plane for the radiating patterns 5, 7 and for the microstrip lines 6, 8.
- the plate 4 is fixed against the short side for example by gluing.
- the radiating patterns are not placed in front of the slots so as not to disturb the behavior of these and the radiation they provide.
- the microstrip lines 6, 8 extend a length substantially equal to ⁇ g / 4 beyond the associated slot, which substantially reduces a short circuit at the level of the slot.
- the slots are spaced approximately ⁇ g / 2 apart and it is necessary to provide an additional phase shift of ⁇ between two consecutive slots.
- This phase shift is obtained by taking the energy alternately from one side and the other of the corresponding pattern and, consequently, by exciting the slits 2, 3 alternately at one end 2 ′ and at the other 3 ⁇ ( Figure 2 ).
- the slot following the slot 3 would thus be excited at its end located on the side of the end 2 ′.
- the value of the coupling of the radiating pattern with the wave propagated in the guide can be adjusted by the diameter of the pattern (or its dimensions in the case of shapes other than circular).
- Another way of adjusting the coupling coefficient of the slit is to modify the position of the connection point of the microstrip line on the pattern. Indeed, the coupling is theoretically zero for a point located in the median plane of the guide and increases to a maximum when the connection point moves away towards the points located in the median plane of the pattern parallel to the slots, this is that is to say moves away towards the long sides of the guide.
- FIG. 3 represents a variant in which the holding in position of the plate 4 is obtained by giving the latter a width slightly greater than the internal width of the short side carrying the slots.
- Figure 4 similar to Figure 2, shows another alternative embodiment in which the microstrip line 6 ′, 8 ′ is electrically connected to a longitudinal edge of the slot 2, 3. This can be achieved for example by means of a metallized hole 6 monll, 8 ⁇ through the dielectric plate. In this case, the microstrip line does not need to extend beyond the metallized hole.
Landscapes
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Description
La présente invention se rapporte à un guide à fentes rayonnantes non inclinées à excitation par motif rayonnant du type comportant des fentes perpendiculaires à l'axe du guide, découpées sur un petit côté du guide avec un espacement sensiblement égal à une demi-longueur d'onde de fonctionnement dans le guide.The present invention relates to a guide with radiating slots not inclined with excitation by radiating pattern of the type comprising slots perpendicular to the axis of the guide, cut out on a short side of the guide with a spacing substantially equal to half a length of operating wave in the guide.
Les guides à fentes sont fréquemment utilisés comme réseaux linéaires de sources rayonnantes dans des antennes réseaux, par exemple en radar. Ils ont pour avantages un faible coût et des pertes faibles. Pour obtenir un rayonnement voisin de la normale au guide et une bonne adaptation, il faut d'une part une distance entre fentes successives voisine de λg/2, où λg est la longueur d'onde dans le guide, et d'autre part un déphasage supplémentaire de ¶ entre deux fentes consécutives.Slotted guides are frequently used as linear arrays of radiating sources in array antennas, for example in radar. Their advantages are low cost and low losses. To obtain a radiation close to normal to the guide and a good adaptation, it is necessary on the one hand a distance between successive slits close to λg / 2, where λg is the wavelength in the guide, and on the other hand a additional phase shift of ¶ between two consecutive slots.
On peut remplir ces conditions avec des fentes disposées sur le grand côté d'un guide de section rectangulaire ou sur le petit côté. Les fentes sur le grand côté ont plusieurs inconvénients et notamment un pas important entre guides successifs, ce qui limite l'angle de balayage du faisceau dans un plan perpendiculaire aux guides. On préfère donc utiliser des fentes sur le petit côté des guides.These conditions can be fulfilled with slots arranged on the long side of a rectangular section guide or on the short side. The slots on the long side have several drawbacks and in particular a large pitch between successive guides, which limits the scanning angle of the beam in a plane perpendicular to the guides. We therefore prefer to use slots on the short side of the guides.
Si les fentes sont perpendiculaires à l'axe du guide, il n'y a pas couplage d'énergie entre les fentes et le guide et le rayonnement est nul.If the slots are perpendicular to the axis of the guide, there is no energy coupling between the slots and the guide and the radiation is zero.
Une première solution consiste donc à incliner les fentes alternativement d'un côté et de l'autre pour obtenir les conditions nécessaires spécifiées précédemment. Cependant cette solution à l'inconvénient, du fait de l'inclinaison des fentes, de rayonner une composante en polarisation croisée qui peut atteindre des niveaux incompatibles avec un bon fonctionnement de l'antenne utilisant ces guides.A first solution therefore consists in tilting the slots alternately on one side and on the other to obtain the necessary conditions specified above. However, this solution to the drawback, due to the inclination of the slits, of radiating a cross-polarized component which can reach levels incompatible with proper operation of the antenna using these guides.
Une autre solution connue consiste alors à utiliser des fentes non inclinées (perpendiculaires à l'axe du guide) et à les exciter au moyen d'un obstacle disposé dans le guide (iris, tiges).Another known solution then consists in using non-inclined slots (perpendicular to the axis of the guide) and in exciting them by means of an obstacle placed in the guide (iris, stems).
En particulier, le brevet américain US 4 435 715 (Hughes Aircraft) décrit un guide à fentes non inclinées dans lequel l'excitation d'une fente est obtenu en disposant des tiges conductrices de part et d'autre de la fente. Chaque tige est disposée entre un bord de la fente et un des grands côtés du guide. Cependant une telle solution a l'inconvénient d'être coûteuse à réaliser. En effet, il est nécessaire de fixer individuellement les tiges à l'intérieur du guide, par exemple par soudure au bain.In particular, American patent US 4,435,715 (Hughes Aircraft) describes a guide with non-inclined slits in which the excitation of a slit is obtained by placing conductive rods on either side of the slit. Each rod is arranged between an edge of the slot and one of the long sides of the guide. However, such a solution has the drawback of being costly to produce. Indeed, it is necessary to individually fix the rods inside the guide, for example by welding in a bath.
Une autre solution est décrite dans le brevet US 4 303 923 où on prévoit de disposer dans le guide, à proximité de chaque fente non inclinée, un élément rayonnant servant de sonde et disposé parallèlement au petit côté du guide. Cet élément est relié à la fente par un conducteur perpendiculaire au plan du petit côté, l'élément rayonnant et le conducteur servant de boucle sonde. Là aussi il est nécessaire de fixer individuellement les éléments et les conducteurs à l'intérieur du guide.Another solution is described in US Pat. No. 4,303,923 where provision is made to place in the guide, near each non-inclined slot, a radiating element serving as probe and arranged parallel to the short side of the guide. This element is connected to the slot by a conductor perpendicular to the plane of the short side, the radiating element and the conductor serving as a probe loop. Here too it is necessary to individually fix the elements and the conductors inside the guide.
L'invention a pour objet un guide à fentes remédiant à ces inconvénients grâce à l'utilisation de motifs conducteurs rayonnants plats (appelés "patch" dans la littérature anglo-saxonne) pour exciter chaque fente.The invention relates to a slotted guide overcomes these drawbacks by using flat radiating conductive patterns (called "patch" in the English literature) to excite each slit.
Selon l'invention, il est prévu un guide à fentes rayonnantes non inclinées à excitation par élément rayonnant tel que défini dans les revendications.According to the invention, there is provided a guide with radiating slots not inclined with excitation by radiating element as defined in the claims.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront à l'aide de la description ci-après et des dessins joints où :
- la figure 1 représente, vu en perspective, un guide à fentes selon l'invention ;
- la figure 2 représente le guide de la figure 1 vu de face, côté fentes rayonnantes ;
- les figures 3 et 4 montrent des variantes de réalisation du guide à fentes selon l'invention.
- Figure 1 shows, seen in perspective, a slotted guide according to the invention;
- 2 shows the guide of Figure 1 seen from the front, radiating slots side;
- Figures 3 and 4 show alternative embodiments of the slotted guide according to the invention.
Sur toutes les figures, les mêmes éléments sont désignés par les mêmes numéros de référence.In all the figures, the same elements are designated by the same reference numbers.
Les figures 1 et 2 représentent un guide d'ondes 1 comportant, découpées sur le petit côté, des fentes rayonnantes 2, 3 non inclinées, c'est-à-dire perpendiculaires à l'axe du guide. Ainsi qu'on l'a déjà mentionné, de telles fentes ne sont normalement pas couplées à l'énergie se propageant dans le guide 1 et ne rayonnent donc pas.Figures 1 and 2 show a
Selon l'invention, on prévoit, sur une plaquette diélectrique 4 fixée contre le petit côté portant les fentes, des motifs rayonnants ("patch") 5, 7 servant d'antenne associés chacun à une ligne de transmission de type microruban 6, 8 coupant transversalement les fentes associées. Les ensembles patch-ligne microruban se répètent au même pas que les fentes, c'est-à-dire sensiblement λg/2 où λg est la longueur d'onde de fonctionnement dans le guide 1.According to the invention, on a
Les motifs rayonnants 5, 7 servent d'antenne de couplage avec l'énergie électromagnétique se propageant dans le guide 1 ; l'énergie prélevée par un motif 5, 7 alimente la ligne 6, 8 qui lui est connectée et celle-ci vient exciter la fente associée 2, 3 qui rayonne alors l'énergie qui lui est ainsi transmise.The
Les motifs rayonnants 5, 7 et les lignes 6, 8 sont réalisés selon la technique des circuits imprimés sur la face de la plaquette 4 qui n'est pas en contact avec le petit côté portant les fentes. Ce petit côté sert de plan de masse pour les motifs rayonnants 5, 7 et pour les lignes microrubans 6, 8. La plaquette 4 est fixée contre le petit côté par exemple par collage.The
Comme on le voit mieux sur la figure 2, les motifs rayonnants ne sont pas placés en face des fentes de façon à ne pas perturber le comportement de celles-ci et le rayonnement qu'elles fournissent. D'autre part, les lignes microrubans 6, 8 se prolongent d'une longueur sensiblement égale à λg/4 au-delà de la fente associée, ce qui ramène sensiblement un court-circuit au niveau de la fente.As best seen in Figure 2, the radiating patterns are not placed in front of the slots so as not to disturb the behavior of these and the radiation they provide. On the other hand, the
Comme on l'a déjà indiqué plus haut, les fentes sont espacées sensiblement de λg/2 et il est nécessaire de fournir un déphasage additionnel de ¶ entre deux fentes consécutives. Ce déphasage est obtenu en prélevant l'énergie alternativement d'un côté et de l'autre du motif correspondant et, par suite, en excitant les fentes 2, 3 alternativement à une extrémité 2′ et à l'autre 3˝ (Figure 2). La fente suivant la fente 3 serait ainsi excitée à son extrémité située du côté de l'extrémité 2′.As already indicated above, the slots are spaced approximately λg / 2 apart and it is necessary to provide an additional phase shift of ¶ between two consecutive slots. This phase shift is obtained by taking the energy alternately from one side and the other of the corresponding pattern and, consequently, by exciting the
Sur les figures, on a représenté des motifs rayonnants circulaires. Mais on pourrait choisir toute autre forme géométrique telle que carré, rectangle ou triangle.The figures show circular radiating patterns. But we could choose any other geometric shape such as square, rectangle or triangle.
La valeur du couplage du motif rayonnant avec l'onde propagée dans le guide peut être réglée par le diamètre du motif (ou ses dimensions dans le cas de formes autres que circulaire).The value of the coupling of the radiating pattern with the wave propagated in the guide can be adjusted by the diameter of the pattern (or its dimensions in the case of shapes other than circular).
Une autre façon de régler le coefficient de couplage de la fente est de modifier la position du point de connexion de la ligne microruban sur le motif. En effet, le couplage est théoriquement nul pour un point situé dans le plan médian du guide et croit jusqu'à un maximum lorsque le point de connexion s'éloigne vers les points situés dans le plan médian du motif parallèle aux fentes, c'est-à-dire s'éloigne vers les grands côtés du guide.Another way of adjusting the coupling coefficient of the slit is to modify the position of the connection point of the microstrip line on the pattern. Indeed, the coupling is theoretically zero for a point located in the median plane of the guide and increases to a maximum when the connection point moves away towards the points located in the median plane of the pattern parallel to the slots, this is that is to say moves away towards the long sides of the guide.
La figure 3 représente une variante dans laquelle le maintien en position de la plaquette 4 est obtenu en donnant à celle-ci une largeur légèrement supérieure à la largeur interne du petit côté portant les fentes. On prévoit en outre deux rainures 40, 41 dans les grands côtés du guide 1, adjacentes au petit côté portant les fentes. La plaquette 4 est ensuite glissée dans les rainures 40, 41 où elle est ainsi maintenue en position. Une fixation et une butée quelconque permettent de centrer correctement les ensembles motif-ligne microruban sur les fentes associées.FIG. 3 represents a variant in which the holding in position of the
La figure 4, similaire à la figure 2, représente une autre variante de réalisation dans laquelle la ligne microruban 6′, 8′ est reliée électriquement à un bord longitudinal de la fente 2, 3. Cela peut être réalisé par exemple par l'intermédiaire d'un trou métallisé 6˝, 8˝ à travers la plaquette diélectrique. Dans ce cas, la ligne microruban n'a pas besoin de se prolonger au-delà du trou métallisé.Figure 4, similar to Figure 2, shows another alternative embodiment in which the
Bien entendu, les exemples de réalisation décrits ne sont nullement limitatifs de l'invention.Of course, the embodiments described are in no way limitative of the invention.
Claims (7)
- Waveguide with non-inclined radiating slots, and excitation by a radiating element of the type including slots perpendicular to the axis of the waveguide cut out on a small side of the waveguide with a spacing substantially equal to a half-wavelength of operation in the guide, each slot being associated with a radiating element, arranged in the guide, spaced from the slot in the direction of the axis of the guide, parallel to the said small side, and serving as an antenna for coupling with the energy propagating in the guide, the said element, transmitting the energy picked up at the said associated slot by means of a transmission line linked to the said pattern, characterized in that the said elements consist of flat radiating conductor patterns (5, 7), in that the said transmission lines consist of microstrip lines (6, 8; 6′, 8′) extending parallel to the said small side, in that the said radiating patterns (5, 7) and the said microstrip lines (6, 8; 6′, 8′) are produced by the technology of printed circuits on one face of a wafer (4) of dielectric material, with a pitch equal to that of the slots of the waveguide, and in that the said wafer is fixed with its other face against the inner wall of the small side of the said guide carrying the slots, the said small side serving as earth plane for the said microstrip lines.
- Slotted waveguide according to Claim 1, characterized in that the point of linking of each line (6, 8) with the associated pattern (5, 7) is situated on the periphery of the said pattern, substantially in proximity to the mid plane of the pattern, parallel to the slots.
- Slotted waveguide according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the said lines (6, 8) draw off the energy picked up by the said patterns (5, 7) alternately from one side or the other of the corresponding patterns in such a way as to introduce an additional phase shift of π between the excitations of two consecutive slots.
- Slotted waveguide according to Claim 3, characterized in that the said lines (6, 8) excite the associated slots alternately at one end (2′) or at the other (3˝) of the slot, corresponding to the side for drawing off the energy on the associated pattern.
- Slotted waveguide according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the said microstrip line (6, 8) extends transversely to the associated slot and is extended by a length substantially equal to a quarter-wavelength of operation beyond the slot.
- Slotted waveguide according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the said microstrip line (6′, 8′) is linked to one of the longitudinal edges of the associated slot (2, 3) by a metallized hole (6˝, 8˝) pierced through the said wafer (4) the said line not being extended beyond the said hole.
- Slotted waveguide according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the said wafer (4) is slightly wider than the internal width of the small side of the guide carrying the slots (2, 3) and in that each of the large sides of the guide (1) includes a groove (40, 41) adjacent to the said small side bearing the slots in order to slip the said wafer into the said grooves and hold it in place.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8914896A FR2654555B1 (en) | 1989-11-14 | 1989-11-14 | GUIDE TO RADIANT SLOTS NOT INCLINED WITH EXCITATION BY RADIATION PATTERN. |
| FR8914896 | 1989-11-14 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0439970A1 EP0439970A1 (en) | 1991-08-07 |
| EP0439970B1 true EP0439970B1 (en) | 1994-12-28 |
Family
ID=9387366
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90403194A Expired - Lifetime EP0439970B1 (en) | 1989-11-14 | 1990-11-09 | Slotted wave guide radiator with non-inclined slots excited by conductive printed patterns |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5170174A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0439970B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH03173205A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2029329A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69015608T2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2654555B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2685820B1 (en) * | 1991-12-31 | 1994-03-18 | Thomson Csf | GUIDE TO RADIANT SLOTS NOT INCLINED EXCITED BY METAL SHUTTERS. |
| FR2697949B1 (en) * | 1992-11-06 | 1995-01-06 | Thomson Csf | Antenna for radar, in particular for designation and trajectography. |
| FR2725075B1 (en) * | 1994-09-23 | 1996-11-15 | Thomson Csf | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ENLARGING THE RADIATION DIAGRAM OF AN ACTIVE ANTENNA |
| US5870061A (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1999-02-09 | Howell Laboratories, Inc. | Coaxial slot feed system |
| US7436361B1 (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2008-10-14 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Low-loss dual polarized antenna for satcom and polarimetric weather radar |
| US7498896B2 (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2009-03-03 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Waveguide to microstrip line coupling apparatus |
| US8743004B2 (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2014-06-03 | Dedi David HAZIZA | Integrated waveguide cavity antenna and reflector dish |
| DE102013012315B4 (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2018-05-24 | Airbus Defence and Space GmbH | Waveguide radiators. Group Antenna Emitter and Synthetic Aperture Radar System |
| JP6752394B2 (en) | 2018-05-02 | 2020-09-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Waveguide slot array antenna |
| CN118435455A (en) | 2021-12-23 | 2024-08-02 | 灏讯有限公司 | Antenna device |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2574433A (en) * | 1943-10-01 | 1951-11-06 | Roger E Clapp | System for directional interchange of energy between wave guides and free space |
| US3176300A (en) * | 1964-01-24 | 1965-03-30 | Avco Corp | Adjustable slotted wave guide radiator with coupling element |
| US3806945A (en) * | 1973-06-04 | 1974-04-23 | Us Navy | Stripline antenna |
| US3827054A (en) * | 1973-07-24 | 1974-07-30 | Us Air Force | Reentry vehicle stripline slot antenna |
| US4303923A (en) * | 1979-08-09 | 1981-12-01 | Motorola Inc. | Probe loop feed for transverse edge waveguide slot radiator |
| US4360813A (en) * | 1980-03-19 | 1982-11-23 | The Boeing Company | Power combining antenna structure |
| US4435715A (en) * | 1980-09-29 | 1984-03-06 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Rod-excited waveguide slot antenna |
-
1989
- 1989-11-14 FR FR8914896A patent/FR2654555B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-10-25 US US07/603,455 patent/US5170174A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-11-05 CA CA002029329A patent/CA2029329A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-11-07 JP JP2302294A patent/JPH03173205A/en active Pending
- 1990-11-09 DE DE69015608T patent/DE69015608T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-11-09 EP EP90403194A patent/EP0439970B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0439970A1 (en) | 1991-08-07 |
| DE69015608D1 (en) | 1995-02-09 |
| DE69015608T2 (en) | 1995-05-11 |
| FR2654555B1 (en) | 1992-06-19 |
| CA2029329A1 (en) | 1991-05-15 |
| JPH03173205A (en) | 1991-07-26 |
| US5170174A (en) | 1992-12-08 |
| FR2654555A1 (en) | 1991-05-17 |
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