EP0437668A1 - Metallic roof as well as a method for its construction and fixing device related thereto - Google Patents

Abstract

Metallic roof as well as a method for its construction and fixing device (40) related thereto, which connects adjacent roofing slabs (14) to one another by means of a watertight standing seam (75, 81). The fixing device (42) consists of an anchor plate (38) and a holding element (36) which embraces an offset part (50) of the anchor plate (38) in sliding fashion. The slidable connection is achieved by deformation of a U-shaped base part (57) of the holding element (36) which encloses between it on two sides the cranked part (50) of the anchor plate (38), in such a way that the anchor plate (38) cannot be deformed during transportation, assembly or use, whereas it simultaneously stiffens the assembled part such that the holding element (36) securely holds the roofing panels (14) with a folded-seam joint. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a metal roof, a method for its production and a fastening device for this, taking into account the expansion of such a metal roof. The invention is particularly useful with metal roofs and other covers and is described in particular with reference to their use in construction. However, the invention has a broader field of application and could also apply to metal side walls of buildings and the like. Like. Be used.

Metal roofs of the type to which the present invention relates are usually produced on site, with the sheet of the desired thickness being pulled off a sheet metal roll. The sheet is unwound, cut to the desired length and shaped into the roof panels using a roller or roof panel molding machine. Here, the form rolling machine forms upright edges on the longitudinal edges of the cut metal sheet. The formation of the edges of the roof panel depends on the type of connection with which the roof panels are connected to one another. Basically, the folds for connecting adjacent roof panels are either overlapping folds, which are approximately horizontal, or standing seams, which are designed to project in the vertical direction. The invention relates covers that use standing seams and the following description deals with metal roofing systems which use standing seams.

In a roof covering previously produced, the roof panels are typically designed such that the longitudinally extending front edge of the roof panel is designed differently than the rear edge of the roof panel. The roof panels are then positioned on the roof skin underlay so that the front edge of a roof panel lies against the rear edge of the adjacent roof panel. Before connecting the roof panels, a holding element is attached to the roof underlay. The holding element can be a continuous element over the entire length of the roof panel, or several individual elements can be attached to the roof skin, which are aligned with one another in the longitudinal direction. Whether the holding element passes through or not, it always has an essentially L-shaped configuration, the base of the "L" being nailed to the roof underlay or fastened in another way and the upstanding leg of the "L" being perpendicular to the roof skin underlay in one extends substantially in the vertical direction. The rear edge of a roof panel is then pressed against one side of the upstanding leg of the holding element, while the front edge of an adjacent roof panel is pressed against the opposite side of the leg of the holding element. The top of these three adjacent pieces is then bent or folded or compressed to produce what was referred to above as the "standing seam". In this way, a roof panel is attached to the other roof panel and both roof panels are attached to the holding element, which in turn is attached to the roof underlay.

The standing seam is usually soldered to the fold waterproof. A watertight connection has also been proposed in which the edges are simply pressed together without the need for soldering. Such a fold connection can also be used in another embodiment of the present invention. It is also possible to use stainless steel sheet, which is coated with a lead-tin alloy (so-called "terne sheet"), both for the roof plates and for the holding elements. In such sheet metal roofs, which use TCS (Terne Coated Steel) sheets or "Terne sheets", the soldered connection can be made by heating the fold and applying a soldering flux. Such a seam connection is also possible with the metal roof according to the invention.

Roof systems of the type described above have extremely strong and durable waterproof joint connections or folds and are easy to produce compared to other roof systems. However, the manufacturing process can be simplified for certain roofs that have large spans. It is not uncommon these days to install metal roofs whose specially shaped metal plates are 80 to 100 feet in length. At such lengths the thermal expansion to which the panels are subjected is significant. Although the expansion extends in all directions, the elongation in the longitudinal direction of the plates is primarily noteworthy and can adversely affect the sealing properties of the standing seam. The thermal expansion of a 100 'long roof panel is approximately 1.1 "in the longitudinal direction of the panel with a temperature rise of 100 ° F. In direct sunlight it is not uncommon for the temperature of the roof skin to exceed 165 ° F. Therefore, a temperature rise of 100 ° F realistic over an initial temperature, therefore it is common to provide expansion joints at 15 'intervals when using roof tiles whose spans exceed 30 '(prefabricated roof panels are supplied in standard lengths from 8' to 12 '). The expansion joints are effectively sealed by the folds, so that the quality of the roof is not adversely affected. However, if there are expansion joints, manufacturing is complicated.

In order to avoid expansion joints, an expandable fastening device is known (US Pat. Nos. 4,096,681 and 3,353,319), in which an anchor plate is fastened to the roof underlay, which is cranked in its central part in the vertical direction, so that between the cranked part and there is a gap in the roof underlay. A holding element is then attached to the anchor plate in such a way that it can move relative to the cranked part of the anchor plate. This holding element is L-shaped and has a base part or a leg that is "J" shaped. The base of the support leg fits vertically into the space between the bottom of the cranked part of the anchor plate and the roof underlay, so that the hook of the "J" overlaps the surface of the cranked part. The leg of the holding element standing vertically upward is then sandwiched between two adjacent roof panel edges, and the three parts are connected to one another by seam welding. If the panels expand longitudinally under the influence of heat, the holding element theoretically moves or slides with respect to the anchor plate to compensate for the expansion without the need for an expansion joint.

However, the known system has its difficulties. Since the roof panels must be connected to one another by a weld seam, the thickness of the leg of the holding element which extends in the vertical direction must be small enough to allow the fold to be welded, which is three sheet thicknesses thick. For this reason, the upstanding leg of the holding element is 0.5 mm thick. So that the holding element is sufficiently stiff to be able to move relative to the anchor plate, the thickness of the J-shaped base part must be increased at the same time and have a different steel composition than the upstanding flange part. For this reason, the holding element must be made of a composite material with two different thicknesses.

Furthermore, the holding element and the anchor part are shipped as loose parts and assembled on site to form a fastening device. It is therefore possible that the cranked part of the anchor plate is deformed during transport, so that the anchor plate becomes unusable or the possibility of displacement of the holding element is limited. It is also possible for a worker to hit the cranked portion of the anchor plate and deform that plate when attaching the anchor plate, whether the J-shaped hook is in place or not. Due to the deformation of the cranked part of the plate, the mobility of the holding element is in turn limited or the holding element becomes unusable for expansion purposes.

A further difficulty arises with the holding element because an actual movement of the long roof plates does not take place exactly in the longitudinal direction, so that the holding elements can unhook from the anchor plates. In a close examination of this roof system, in which a weld seam was used for long roof panels, it was found that the weld seams have a remarkable tendency to crack in the event of thermal expansion, in particular with different thermal expansions, which leads to the waterproof connection being lost, even if the tips or edges of the fold are pressed together or folded over.

It is also known (US Pat. No. 1,882,105) to movably connect an anchor plate to a holding element. With this known connection, the pull-out problem explained above is apparently eliminated. The known design of the anchor holding device is not economically justifiable for modern metal roofs and occupies an excessive space in the transverse direction, which requires a higher fold than is otherwise necessary.

The object of the invention is to provide a metal roof and a method for its production and a fastening device therefor, with which the disadvantages inherent in the known roofs and fastening devices are avoided and roof panels of great length can be processed without expansion joints, which are permanent at their connection points even without a weld seam are tight, with the fastening devices allowing the roof panels an unhindered linear expansion.

This object is achieved with the features specified in the claims.

With the invention, a fastening device that enables longitudinal expansion of the roof panels is created, which has an anchor plate that has a base plate that can be attached to the roof underlay. The base plate in turn has essentially flat, longitudinally spaced flat parts, between which an offset part is arranged. This offset part of the anchor plate is surrounded by a holding element that can slide on the anchor plate. The holding element has a flange that protrudes between the ends of adjacent roof panels, a folded part that attaches itself one end of the flange and a U-shaped base portion extending from the opposite end of the flange. The U-shaped base part in turn consists of a first leg that adjoins the flange, a bend on the opposite edge of the first leg and a second leg that adjoins the bend. The first leg engages under the underside of the laterally offset part of the anchor plate and the second leg can overlap the opposite side of the offset part of the anchor plate, so that the offset part of the anchor plate is enclosed between the two legs of the U-shaped base part of the holding element. It is important here that the second leg is at least half as wide as the first leg, and that the U-shaped base part is at least half as long in the longitudinal direction as the offset part, so that a ratio in dimensions is achieved which a Deformation of the offset part of the anchor plate is prevented during assembly, which does not lead to the pull-out problems with thermal expansion that occur with the known roof coverings. It is important that the holding element has only a single thickness throughout and is preferably made of a thin metal sheet with a thickness between 0.015 "and 0.0020".

According to a further feature of the invention, the holding element has a "preformed" design and a "assembled" design, the second leg of the holding element forming an acute angle with the first leg when the holding element is in its preformed state while in the assembled state the second leg runs essentially parallel to the first leg. This makes it possible to produce the fastening element, which enables a length expansion, from two different parts, which in the Factory can be combined into one part, which can be shipped as a whole and processed as a part on the construction site. The U-shaped base part of the holding element prevents deformation of the offset part of the anchor plate during shipping and installation.

According to a further expedient feature of the invention, the folded part of the holding element in the assembled state has an upper sealing leg which starts from and is connected to the flange and an outer leg part which connects to the upper sealing leg and points downwards. The upper sealing leg forms an acute angle with the flange and the outer leg part forms an acute angle with the upper sealing leg. This configuration, in conjunction with the front and rear ends of the roof panel in the "installed" state, enables the formation of a watertight, bent standing seam which does not have the defects which occur in spot welding or continuous weld seams of the known roof systems.

In this way, the fastening device according to the invention allows the production of a standard standing seam in the installed state of the device with all the advantages and advantages that such fold connections have. These advantages include the possibility of a Terne coating at least on the folded part of the fastening device and the use of Terne sheet metal for the roof panels in order to use the advantages associated therewith.

In another embodiment of the invention, the anchor plate can be modified such that it has a plurality of staggered parts which are arranged at a longitudinal distance from one another has and the length of everything corresponds to that of the roof plate. The holding element is modified in a similar manner and has a continuous fold part and a continuous flange part, from which a plurality of U-shaped base parts arranged in the longitudinal direction at a distance from one another emanate. The distance between the U-shaped base parts corresponds to the distance between the offset parts of the anchor plate in order to create a continuous fastening device. This continuous fastening device allows the formation of a continuous standing seam with eight wall thicknesses, which can be pressed together to form a watertight fold without having to solder the fold, but with which the roof panels can expand under the influence of heat without adversely affecting the fold connection.

The metal roof according to the invention to be fastened on a roof skin underlay consists of several roof plates which have a longitudinally extending front edge and a longitudinally extending rear edge. For fastening two roof panels arranged next to one another on the base, at least one anchor plate extending in the longitudinal direction is provided, which has a base plate or a base part which is attached to the roof base and first and second, essentially flat, longitudinally spaced parts has, which are in contact with the roof underlay and between which a laterally offset part is arranged. The offset part of the anchor plate is slidably surrounded by a holding element. The holding element has a flange which is arranged between the front edge of one roof panel and the rear edge of an adjacent roof panel and to which a folded part adjoins which is clamped between the edge part of the front edge of one roof panel and the edge part of the rear edge of the adjacent roof panel and forms a standing seam with these parts, while a U-shaped base part extends from the opposite edge of the flange. The U-shaped base part has a first leg which is arranged on one side of the offset part of the anchor plate, a bend adjoining the first leg and a second leg which adjoins the bend and against the opposite side of the offset part the holding plate is bent. The second leg extends in the transverse direction into a position in which it lies next to the flange, as a result of which the holding element remains in contact with the anchor plate even when the roof plates expand as a result of temperature.

In the method for manufacturing the metal roof according to the invention, side-by-side, long metal roof panels are attached to a roof underlay. The roof panels each have a longitudinally extending front edge with a channel-shaped edge part and a rear edge, the edge part of which is in the form of an inverted "L". The method of making the roof uses one or more fasteners of the type described above. Here, the flat end parts of the fastening device are attached to the roof underlay. Then the roof panels are positioned on the roof underlay such that the rear edge of a roof panel lies next to the holding element in such a way that the upstanding leg of the L-shaped edge is essentially next to the flange of the holding element and the shorter leg of the L-shaped edge comes to rest under the sealing leg of the holding element. Then the second roof tile is placed next to it in alignment, that its front edge lies next to the holding element in such a way that the channel-shaped edge of the plate engages over the upper side of the sealing leg and the outside of the outer leg part of the holding element. to form a standing seam without having to weld the individual parts together.

The metal roof according to the invention has the advantage that roof panels of great length can be installed without expansion joints, and that watertight folds are produced between the panels, which do not have to be welded. The fastening devices used in the metal roof according to the invention, which allow the roof panels to expand, can be produced from a supply of sheets of the same thickness. When assembled, they have sufficient rigidity to allow movement that results from thermal expansion or other factors that result in the roof panels shifting after assembly. Nevertheless, the holding function of the fastening devices is retained.

The invention also has the advantage that the fastening devices can be easily assembled before they are dispatched or before they are installed and are therefore not subject to any deformation which would adversely affect their use.

Another advantage of the invention is that the fastening devices can be made from a sheet of metal with a single thickness and after they are installed in a roof system, they do not spring open or themselves separate from each other due to thermal expansion of the roof panels.

Furthermore, the invention has the advantage that a continuous, stretching fastening device is provided which has a waterproof standing seam which can be formed without soldering the fold. Furthermore, the fastening device according to the invention is inexpensive to manufacture and easy to install.

Fig. 1

die bildliche Darstellung eines Gebäudes mit einem Metalldach in einer perspektivischen Teildarstellung,

Fig. 2A

den Gegenstand der Fig. 1 in einem Teilquerschnitt nach Linie 2A-2A in vergrössertem Maßstab, der einen Stehfalz mit Befestigungsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung zeigt,

Fig. 2B

den Gegenstand der Fig. 1 in einem Teilquerschnitt nach Linie 2B-2B in vergrößertem Maßstab, der einen Stehfalz zwischen zwei Dachplatten außerhalb der Befestigungsvorrichtung zeigt,

Fig. 3

zwei auf einer Dachunterlage befestigte Befestigungsvorrichtungen nach der Erfindung in einer perspektivischen Darstellung,

Fig. 4

eine der Fig. 3 ähnliche Darstellung, bei der zwei Dachplatten mit den Befestigungsvorrichtungen an der Dachhaut befestigt sind,

Fig. 5

einen Teil der Dachhaut und seiner Unterlage in einer seitlichen Teilansicht und teilweise im Schnitt nach Linie 5-5 der Fig. 2A,

Fig. 6A

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Ankerplatte und des Halteelementes einer Befestigungsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung in ihrem "geformten" Zustand,

Fig. 6B

eine Stirnansicht der Befestigungsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung in einem für den Zusammenbau vorbereiteten Zustand,

Fig. 6C

eine Stirnansicht der Befestigungsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung in ihrem "zusammengebauten" Zustand,

Fig. 7

eine perspektivische Teildarstellung einer Dachplatte,

Fig. 8A-8E

schematische Darstellungen der Verfahrens-schritte, die beim Bilden des Stehfalzes mit der Befestigungsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung ablaufen,

Fig. 9

eine andere Ausführungsform eines Halteelementes einer Befestigungsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung in einer perspektivischen Darstellung und

Fig. 10

eine andere Ausführungsform der Ankerplatte, die zusammen mit dem Halteelement nach Fig. 9 für eine durchgehende, eine Dehnung ermöglichende Befestigungsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung verwendet wird, in einer perspektivischen Darstellung.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail by the following description and the drawings using examples. It shows:

Fig. 1

the pictorial representation of a building with a metal roof in a perspective partial representation,

Figure 2A

1 in a partial cross section along line 2A-2A on an enlarged scale, showing a standing seam with fastening device according to the invention,

Figure 2B

1 in a partial cross section along line 2B-2B on an enlarged scale, which shows a standing seam between two roof panels outside the fastening device,

Fig. 3

two fastening devices fastened on a roof underlay according to the invention in a perspective view,

Fig. 4

3 shows a representation similar to that in which two roof panels are fastened to the roof skin with the fastening devices,

Fig. 5

a part of the roof skin and its base in a partial side view and partly in section along line 5-5 of Fig. 2A,

Figure 6A

2 shows a perspective illustration of the anchor plate and the holding element of a fastening device according to the invention in its “shaped” state,

Figure 6B

3 shows an end view of the fastening device according to the invention in a state prepared for assembly,

Figure 6C

3 shows an end view of the fastening device according to the invention in its “assembled” state,

Fig. 7

a partial perspective view of a roof panel,

8A-8E

schematic representations of the process steps that take place when forming the standing seam with the fastening device according to the invention,

Fig. 9

another embodiment of a holding element of a fastening device according to the invention in a perspective view and

Fig. 10

another embodiment of the anchor plate, which is used together with the holding element according to FIG. 9 for a continuous, a stretching fastening device according to the invention, in a perspective view.

In Fig. 1, a building 10 is shown which carries a metal roof 11. The metal roof 11 consists of a plurality of elongated roof panels 14 which are arranged one next to the other and connected to one another.

To define and orient the terms used in the description and claims, "longitudinal" means the length or direction of the roof panels 14 and "transverse" the direction or axis that extends perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, i.e. in the width direction of the roof plate 14. The longitudinal direction and the transverse direction are designated by the arrows L and T in FIG. 1 in the roof shown in FIG. 1. However, it can be seen that these designations are relative, i.e. if the roof panels 14 in FIG. 1 were attached to the building 10 in a position rotated by 90 °, the transverse axis T and the longitudinal axis L would also have to be rotated by 90 °.

The roof panels 14 attached to the building 10 of the preferred embodiment have an overall length of 80 to 100 feet. Accordingly, building 10 in FIG. 1 has a roof span of 80 to 100 feet so that roof panels 14 are not butted axially to span the roof. Since, as explained above, conventional roof tiles for the large span of the roof 11 shown in FIG. 1 do not exceed a length of 20 feet, regardless of whether they were produced on site by a roll forming machine or preformed, sold by a manufacturing plant, several roof panels would meet in the longitudinal direction L to bridge the span, and they would be connected by an expansion joint which ensures a waterproof rebate. In normal installation practice, 15-foot panels are used, which are connected with expansion joints. Accordingly, expansion joints are arranged at points 30 feet apart from each other, which is dictated by the thermal expansion properties of the roof panels, the expansion of which results from the environmental conditions to which the metal roof 11 is subjected.

A roof panel 14 is best shown in FIG. 7. As mentioned above, the roof panel 14 is made with a panel molding machine or a roller press from a flat sheet or a sheet metal strip that is unwound from a spool. This usually happens on the construction site.

In theory, any unalloyed carbon steel of a thickness specified in the sheet gauges can be used to make a roof panel 14 therefrom. However, since the roof 11 is exposed to the elements and a long life is expected from metal roofs, the steel used in a metal roof 11 is typically stainless steel or a steel known as a "terne plate". This "terne plate" is defined in US Federal Specifications QQ-T-201 F of November 12, 1986, which is incorporated herein by reference. In the following, "terne plate" is understood to mean a tin-lead alloy with which either a mild steel sheet or a sheet made of stainless steel is coated. The plate or sheet including the coating then has a thickness between 0.015 "to 0.018".

Unless otherwise stated, the thickness of the parts used in the metal roof system 11 according to the invention in the preferred embodiment is i. for the roof panels 14 and the fastening devices 0.018 ".

In the preferred embodiment according to the invention, Terne-Plate with a base made of stainless steel is also used. Alternatively, a terne coating could alternatively be applied to the rebate parts of the individual components of the roof, or the roof system could simply be made of stainless steel. It should be noted that the sheet thickness (ie 0.018 ", which corresponds to approximately 0.46 mm) for the fastening device according to the invention is three times the thickness of the fastening flange of the holder, as is used in the above-mentioned known roof system There, a thin web or flange is required to create a continuous weld or spot weld between the roof panels, which in turn leads to an inherently weaker roof system.

The roof panel 14 is provided, in a general sense, with an edge formation that depends on the type of fold used in the roof system. In the present invention, the roof tile design shown in Fig. 7 is preferred, which is known to have been used by the patentee. The roof panel 14 has a longitudinally extending front edge 20 and a longitudinally extending rear edge 21, between which an essentially flat body part 22 is found. The body part 22 can optionally also with itself longitudinally extending ribs may be provided for stiffening purposes, which depend on the overall width dimension of the roof panel 14. The front edge 20 can essentially be regarded as a folded edge in the form of a channel, while the rear edge 21 can be regarded as a folded edge in the form of an inverted "L". The front edge 20 consists of an upstanding flange part 25 which adjoins the body part 22 in a substantially vertical direction and ends in a bent part 26. The bent part 26 is substantially perpendicular to the upstanding flange part 25 and runs parallel to the body part 22. The bent part 26 ends in an outwardly extending leg part 27 which is substantially parallel to the upstanding flange part 25 and substantially perpendicular to the body part 22 runs.

The rear edge 21 has an upstanding longer leg 29 which adjoins the body part 22 perpendicularly and ends in a transversely extending shorter leg 30. The shorter leg 30 adjoins the longer leg 29 essentially perpendicularly and runs parallel to the body part 22.

The width of the body portion 22 in the transverse direction may remain the same over the entire length of the roof panel 14 or, for ease of assembly, be designed so that the width of the body portion 20 is greater at one end of the panel 14 than at the opposite end, i.e. that the plate is flared.

Turning now to FIG. 6A, one can see there the two parts of the fastening device, namely a holding element 36 and an anchor plate 38 in their “shaped” or “preformed” state. These parts 36 and 38 can be easily punched or Pressing process can be produced. These two parts are then assembled, as shown in FIG. 6B, and bent into their "assembled" condition using a conventional press, as shown in FIG. 6C, forming the expansion fixture or expansion bracket 40. When this fastening device 40 has then been fastened to the roof and folded, it assumes the "installation position" shown in FIG. 2A.

The anchor plate 38 consists of a rectangular, elongated base plate or a base part 42 which is reinforced by an upright stiffening flange 43 which rises on one side of the elongated base plate 42. The base plate 42 has two longitudinally spaced, substantially flat end parts 45 and 46. In each end part 45 and 46 there is an opening 48 and 49, respectively, which receives a fastening means, which will be described further below. Between the two end parts 45 and 46 there is a longitudinally offset part 50 which is vertically offset from the end parts 45 and 46 or is at a vertical distance from them. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the width of the base portion 42 is approximately 25/32 ". The total length of the base plate 42 is approximately 4" and the total length of the offset portion 50 is approximately 2 3/4 ". The vertical distance between the top or outer surface of the offset portion 50 and the top or outer surface of the flat end portion 45 is approximately 3/64 ". The height of the stiffening flange 43 is 5/16 ". These dimensions or the ratio of the dimensions to one another in connection with the dimensions of the holding element 36 create essential relationships which are essential for the proper functioning of the invention described below.

The holding element 36 has a longitudinally extending vertical flange 55 which merges into a folded part 56 at one end and into a U-shaped base part 57 at its opposite end. The folded part 56 has an upper sealing leg 59 beginning at the flange 55 and an outer leg part 60 which adjoins the upper sealing leg 59. As best seen in FIG. 6B, when the fastener 40 is assembled, the outer leg portion 60 forms an acute angle with the upper seal leg 59, while the upper seal leg 59 itself forms an acute angle with the flange 55. The U-shaped base part 57 has a first leg 63, which extends from the flange 55 and ends in a bend 64, which in turn continues into a second leg 65. As already indicated, the dimensional relationship between the holding element 36 and the anchor plate 38 is critical for the functioning of the invention. In the preferred embodiment, the length of the U-shaped base member 57 is 2 ". The width of the first leg 63 is 1" and the width of the second leg 65 3/4 ". The height of the flange 55 in the vertical direction is 1" and that Width dimension of the upper sealing leg 59 7/16 ".

The holding element 36 and the anchor plate 38 preferably have a thickness of 0.018 ", but they could also be made with any other sheet thickness between 0.015" and about 0.020 ".

The support member 36 and anchor plate 38 are assembled as shown in Figures 6B and 6C. In the preformed state, the second leg 65 forms an acute angle with the first leg 63, so that a distance remains, which is denoted by A in FIG. 6B and is slightly smaller than the width of the base part 42 of the anchor plate 38. As a result, the holding element 36 can be loosely connected to the anchor plate 38, the first leg 63 touching the underside of the offset part 50. The loose connection is then brought into the "assembled" state shown in FIG. 6C in that the second leg 65 is bent over the outer surface of the offset part 50, so that the second leg 65 runs essentially parallel to the first leg 63.

As shown in FIG. 3, the roof covering 11 according to the invention is generally installed in such a way that a center line 70 is first recorded on the roof underlay 71 in a direction in which the roof tiles 14 are to extend in the longitudinal direction. The fastening devices 42 are then fastened on this center line 70 with the aid of fastening means 73 which extend through the openings 48 and 49 into the base 71. All usual fastening means, such as nails, screws, clamps etc., can be used as fastening means 73. The fastening devices 42 are at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction, which is designated by "C" in FIG. 3. This distance "C", i.e. the distance between the centerlines of adjacent fasteners 42 is about 1 foot, so a roof panel 14 80 feet in length would require 78 fasteners 42.

If one now turns to the schematic illustration in FIGS. 8A-8E, it can be seen that the fastening device attached to the base 71, as shown in FIG. 3, is shown schematically in FIG. 8A. The rear edge 21 of a roof panel 14 is applied to the fastening device 42 in the manner shown in FIG. 8B. Here, the longer leg 29 of the Roof plate 14 against the flange 55 of the holding element 36 and the shorter leg 30 of the roof plate 14 engages under the upper sealing leg 59 of the folded part 56, while the outer leg part 60 prevents the rear edge 21 of the roof plate 14 from being pulled out of the holding element 36.

As the next step, as shown in FIG. 8C, the front edge 20 of an adjacent roof panel 14 is brought over the folded part 56 of the holding element 36. Here, the upstanding flange part 25 is pushed against the opposite surface of the flange 55 of the holding element 36, the bent part 26 of the roof plate 14 engaging over the sealing leg 59 of the holding element 36. In a similar manner, the downward limb part 27 overlaps the outer limb part 60 of the holding element 36.

Figures 8D and 8E show the formation of a standing seam 75. The first step in the formation of the standing seam 75 is that the leg portion 27, the outer leg portion 60, the shorter leg 30, the upper sealing leg 59 and the bent portion 26 into the Line contact shown in Fig. 8D can be brought together, creating an L-shaped connection 77 having a compressed upper leg 78. The leg 78 of the L-shaped arrangement 77 is then bent down and pressed onto the flange part 25, the longer leg part 29 and the flange 55, as indicated by the arrows 80 in FIG. 8E. In the fold 50 shown in FIG. 8E there are then eight wall thicknesses which, as described, are pressed together. The eight sections result from the presence of the fastening element 32. The clamping force indicated by the arrows 80 is sufficient to move between the wall parts of the fold shown to produce a press fit. As a result of the large number of sheet metal sections which are pressed together there is a stronger standing seam which will be explained in more detail with reference to the other embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.

The standing seam 75 formed by eight sections of the sheet thickness, which includes the fastening element 32 and is shown schematically in FIG. 8E, is shown in section in FIG. 2 for the preferred embodiment. Since the preferred embodiment uses multiple fasteners, the standing seam 81 is shown in FIG. 2B in the form where a holding member 32 is not present. The standing seam 81 is formed here by five wall sections which, like the eight wall sections of the standing seam 75, are pressed together with a press fit, so that no space remains between any of the wall sections.

The roof covering 11 is produced by simply repeating this process, with further subsequent panels being added and fastened exactly on a pencil line with the expansion fastening devices 42 until the entire roof is covered. As indicated above, the expansion fasteners disposed in the roof panels 14, in their preferred embodiment, are made of sheet steel with a tern coating, a lead-tin coating that can be considered a solder joint. As a result, flux can be applied to the fold and the fold can then be heated to create a weatherproof solder joint. Alternatively, a terne coating could optionally only be applied to the fold connections of the fastening device.

In the known expansion fastening device, the holding elements and anchor plates are sent loose and assembled on site by pushing the holding element with the J-shaped hook under the cranked part, with the flange opposite edge of the cranked part lying between them. During shipping and installation, the cranked part can be easily deformed with the known anchor clamp at the specified thickness (0.5 mm). It can therefore be assumed that if the bent part 50 is deformed, the holding element is no longer able to move on the anchor plate and the purpose of the expansion fastening device is nullified. Since the anchor plate of the fastening device according to the invention is thicker and is approximately 0.018 "and is therefore inherently stiffer, it is still a sheet metal plate within the framework of the sheet metal gauges, the invention having the result that the cranked part 50 is deformed is prevented both during shipping and during installation.

As already mentioned above, the width of the first leg 63 is 1 "and the width of the second leg 65 3/4", while the total width of the anchor plate 38 (including the stiffening flange 43) is 25/32 ". This dimension ratio leads to that the second leg 65 extends at least about 1/2 "over the surface of the offset part 50 and thus occupies 2/3 of the width of the offset part 50. Since the flange 55 bears against the outside of the stiffening flange 43, as can best be seen in FIG. 6C, there may be a small space 82 during installation. This means that the 1/2 "overlap is a minimum. In fact, there is a slight play of 0.013" between the outer edge 67 of the second leg 65 and the stiffening flange 43 when the outer edge 51 of the offset part 50 lies in the bend in the second leg part 65 (ie if the width of the anchor plate 38 is 25/32 "minus the width of the stiffening flange 43 is 0.018", minus the width of the second leg 65 is 3/4 "= 0.013" is). This gradation, which allows movement in the transverse direction, between the holding element 36 and the anchor plate 38 is desirable and, in a way, also necessary to support the insertion of a long roof plate 14. At the same time, no less than 2/3 of the width of the offset part 30 remains covered or enclosed in layers between the U-shaped base part 57. In this way, the holding element 36 can not be pulled out of the anchor plate 38 even in the assembled state, so that the expansion fastening device 40 can be shipped as a whole, installed and remain in the installed position, so that thermal expansion and contraction of the roof plates 14 does not result in the holding element 36 can separate from the anchor plate 38.

In connection with the width overlap in the transverse direction of the holding element 36 relative to the anchor plate 38, there is the ratio of the dimensions of the U-shaped base part 57 to the length of the offset part 50. As already mentioned above, the length of the offset part 50 is approximately 2 3/4 " , while the length of the U-shaped base part 57 is approximately 2 ". Assuming that the U-shaped base part 57 is in the middle of the offset part 50, there remains a space of approximately 3/8 "which is not covered by the U-shaped base part 57. This distance is in FIG. 5 designated B. With this, the holding element 32 in the given terminal space has the possibility of sliding in the longitudinal direction by an amount which compensates for the normal longitudinal expansion which is observed when the temperature rises by 100 ° F. At the same time, the first leg 63 closes and the second leg 65 insert the offset part 50 on both sides and thereby effectively form an offset part with three times the wall thickness, which prevents deformation of the offset part 50 both during shipping and during installation. The U-shaped base part 57, which effectively encompasses the entire exposed edge 51 of the offset part 50 and covers at least 50% of the surface of the offset part 50, creates an anchor plate with a triple wall thickness, which not only deforms the offset part during shipping , but also prevented during installation.

As already mentioned above, the cranked part 50 has a height of approximately 3/64 ". This leaves a minimal distance of only approximately 0.01" between the top of the roof underlay 71 and the underside of the first leg 63 (ie 3 / 64 ", less the wall thickness of the offset part 50, 0.018" and the wall thickness of the first leg 0.018 "). If a worker knocks nails 73 through the anchor plate 38 during installation and thereby accidentally hits the offset part 50, the offset part becomes 50 simply jumping back into its assembled position and the width of the second leg 65 in the transverse direction will prevent the U-shaped base part 57 from being pressed against the offset part 50 in such a way that a displacement of the holding element 36 with respect to the anchor plate 38 is no longer possible the worker would have to carefully insert a pointed object into the intermediate space B or deliberately machine the bend 64 with a hammer blow to disable the expansion fixture 40.

It can be seen from this that the fastening device 40 described always remains displaceable. Although specific dimensions have been given to show this, it can be seen that other dimensions are also can be used as long as the proportions discussed above are maintained. In addition to the sliding properties of the fastening device 40 following expansion, the length of the U-shaped base part 57 prevents serious holding of the holding element 36 with respect to the anchor plate 38, since the bevel installed in the connection allows easy installation. The stiffening flange 43 has no adverse effect on the distance between the adjacent edges of the roof panels 14, so that the height of the usual standing seam can be maintained, while at the same time the flange 55 of the holding element 36 is stiffened and a stronger fastening device is thereby created than this is the case with known fastening devices. This in turn makes it possible to install longer roof panels and to use the short standard spacing of roof panel fastenings or to provide a larger spacing of the fastening devices from one another.

Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. In this other embodiment, a continuous fastening device is used, which allows longitudinal expansion. This device consists of a continuous holding element 90 which is connected to a continuous anchor plate 100. In theory, the continuous holding element 90 and the continuous anchor plate 100 could be provided as a unit in a length that corresponds to the length of the roof plates 14. In practice, however, these fasteners are supplied in shorter lengths of, for example, 3 to 5 feet, which are butt-fastened on the roof underlay at their ends to provide a continuous expansion fastener that spans the length of the roof panels.

The continuous holding element 90 has a continuous flange 91, which corresponds to the flange 55 in the preferred embodiment described above, but runs over the entire length of the holding element 90.

Similarly, the continuous holding strip 90 also has a folded part 92, which is similar to that of the preferred embodiment described above, but extends over the entire length of the holding strip 90. Finally, the continuous holding element or the holding strip 90 also has a U-shaped base part 93, which is similar to the U-shaped base part 57 in the preferred exemplary embodiment described above. As a result, the length of the U-shaped base part 93 in the alternative embodiment as well as in the previously described embodiment could be approximately 2 ". There are several of these U-shaped base parts 93 which adjoin the flange 91 and are arranged at a longitudinal distance from one another , which is designated D in Fig. 9. This distance D between the centers of adjacent base parts 93 is approximately 1 foot.

The continuous anchor plate 100 is similar to the anchor plate 38 of the preferred embodiment described above in that the continuous anchor plate 100 has a rectangular base portion 101, the width of which approximately corresponds to the width of the base portion 42 of the preferred embodiment, but extends the length of the continuous anchor plate 100 . The continuous anchor plate 100 also has a longitudinally (5/16 ") stiffening flange 102 which corresponds to the reinforcing flange 43 of the preferred embodiment but runs the full length of the anchor plate 100. The rectangular base portion 101 has a plurality of longitudinally spaced cranked or offset parts 105 which are dimensionally identical to the cranked part 50 of the preferred embodiment. Between the cranked parts 105 there is a flat mounting surface 106 which serves the same purpose as the end parts 45 and 46 of the preferred embodiment. The fastening parts 106 are provided with openings 108, with which the continuous anchor plate 100, as described above, can be fastened to the roof skin underlay. The longitudinal distance between adjacent cranked parts 105, which is labeled "D" in FIG. 10, is as great as the distance between the U-shaped base parts 93 of the continuous holding element 90 and is approximately 12 ".

Assuming that the dimensions of the cranked part 105 and the U-shaped base part 93 of the modified embodiment are the same as those explained in the preferred embodiment, the length of the flat fastening part 106 is approximately 9 1/4 " Other dimensions are of course possible.

The “preformed” state of the continuous fastening device that enables expansion is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. The "assembled" state of the continuous fastening device in the alternative embodiment occurs when the second leg of the U-shaped base part 93 is bent over the cranked part 105, as shown in FIG. 6C. The "installed state" is shown in Fig. 2.

Because the flange 91 and the folded part 92 over the length through the roof panel 14, a standing seam with eight times the wall thickness (shown in Figures 8A to 8E) extends the entire length of the roof panel 14. This means that a high pressure 80 (which is several 1000 psi (pounds per square inch)) is applied can to bend the standing seam 75 and to create a press fit without the need to solder the fold. With such a high pressure, the Terne coating is plastically deformed into all "open" gaps in the fold to seal the fold The alternative embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 therefore has the advantage over the preferred embodiment that not only is welding not necessary to produce a standing seam, but also that a waterproof and flexible standing seam is produced which does not require soldering.

The invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment and an alternative embodiment. However, there are changes and modifications that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding this description. Although the invention has been explained for example with reference to an expansion-stretching device, the fastening device described could also be used in the installation of conventional roof panels instead of the known fastening devices. The dimensional relationships could also be changed in order nevertheless to produce an expansion fastening device with the features of the invention. This could happen in particular in the alternative embodiments. The alternative embodiment could also function with a continuously running anchor plate and several holding elements or also with a continuously running holding element and several anchor plates. But it is essential that the fastening device is constructed according to the invention so that any deformation is prevented, which would have an adverse effect on the mutual displaceability between the anchor plate and the holding element.

Claims (21)

Expansion fastening device for fastening sheet metal roof panels (14) to a roof support (71) with a standing seam connection, characterized by an elongated anchor plate (38) with a base part (42) to be attached to the roof support (71), which is arranged in the longitudinal direction at a distance from one another has substantial flat portions (45, 46) and an offset or offset portion (50) disposed therebetween; and by a holding element (36) which slidably engages with the anchor plate (38) and a vertically extending flange (55) to be arranged between the ends (20, 21) of adjacent roof plates (14), one to the flange (55) adjoining folded part (56) and a U-shaped base part (57) adjoining the opposite end of the flange (55), the U-shaped base part (57) comprising a first leg adjoining the flange (55) (63), has a bend (64) adjoining the first leg (63) and a second leg (65) adjoining the bend (64) and wherein the first leg (63) is on one side of the cranked part (50) of the Anchor plate (38) and the second leg (65) on the opposite side of the cranked part (50) of the anchor plate (38) to thereby establish a connection between the anchor plate (38) and the holding element (36), the second Thigh q In addition to the longitudinal direction of the fastening element, it is at least half as wide as the first leg (63) and the U-shaped base part (57) in the longitudinal direction of the fastening element is at least half as long as the cranked or offset part (50) of the anchor plate (38). and wherein the holding element (36) is movably and securely attached to the anchor plate (38). Fastening device according to claim 1, characterized in that all parts (56, 55, 57) of the holding element (36) have essentially the same thickness. Fastening element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second leg (65) of the holding element (36) forms an acute angle with the first leg (63) in a "preformed" state and in an "assembled" state with the first leg (63) is substantially parallel. Fastening device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the folded part (56) has an upper sealing leg (59) starting from the flange (55) and an outer leg part (60) adjoining the upper sealing leg (59), which in the " preformed "and" assembled "condition with the upper sealing leg (59) encloses an acute angle. Fastening device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the holding element (36) has a constant thickness between 0.015 "and 0.020". Fastening device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the anchor plate (38) has a longitudinally extending stiffening flange on one side of the base part (42) which is substantially parallel can be arranged next to the flange (55) of the holding element (36) when the holding element (36) and the anchor plate (38) are in the "assembled" state. Fastening device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the base part (42) of the anchor plate (38) has a substantially rectangular shape and that the length of the U-shaped base part (57) of the holding element (36) is at least 75% of that Length of the offset part (50) of the anchor plate (38) is and that the holding element (36) with the anchor plate (38) is slidably connected to each other when the holding element (36) and anchor plate (38) are in their "assembled" state. Fastening device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the width of the second leg part in the transverse direction (T) of the fastening element (36) is approximately the same as the width of the offset part (50) of the anchor plate (38) in the transverse direction (T ), whereby the assembly of the holding element (36) and the anchor plates (38) can be accomplished regardless of the thermal expansion of the roof plates (14). Fastening device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that each flat part (45, 46) of the anchor plate (38) has through openings (48, 49) for fastening means (73) around the anchor plate (38) on the roof underlay ( 71) in such a way that the cranked part (50) is at a distance from the roof underlay (71). Fastening device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the anchor plate (100) has a plurality of cranked or offset parts (105) which are arranged at a distance from one another and are connected to one another by flat parts (104), and in that the holding element (90 ) has a continuous flange and folded part (92) which in the longitudinal direction (L) has the same length as the anchor plate (100) and has a plurality of U-shaped base parts (93) which are arranged at intervals from one another which correspond to the intervals of the cranked Parts (50) correspond, whereby a continuous fastening device is created. Metal roof which is arranged on a roof underlay (71), characterized by a plurality of roof plates (14), at least one elongated anchor plate (38) and a holding element (36) connected to this anchor plate (38) and displaceable relative thereto, the anchor plate (38 ) is fastened on the roof underlay (71) with a base part (42) which has first and second flat parts (45, 46) which are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction and a transversely offset part (50) arranged between these parts, and wherein the holding element (36) slidably engages around the cranked part (50) of the anchor plate (38) and has a flange (55) which lies between the front edge (20) of a first roof plate (14) and the rear edge (21) of an adjacent, second roof plate (14) is arranged and wherein the holding element (36) has a folded part (56) which starts from the flange part (55) and between the edge part (27) of the front edge (20) of the first roof plate (14) and the edge part (30) of the rear edge (21) of an adjacent roof panel (14) is pressed together to form a standing seam and wherein from opposite end of the flange (55) extends from a U-shaped base part (57) which has a first leg (63) arranged on one side of the cranked part (50 of the anchor plate (38), a bend (64) following this first leg and one on the opposite side of the offset part (50) of the anchor plate (38) bent down second leg (65) which extends transversely to the longitudinal direction (L) to a position in which it lies essentially next to the flange (55) , wherein the holding element (36) remains in contact with the anchor plate (38) despite a thermal expansion of the roof plates (14). Metal roof according to claim 11, characterized in that the base plate (42) of the anchor plate (38) has a substantially rectangular shape, that the anchor plate (38) has an elongated stiffening flange (43) which is arranged on one side of the base plate (42) and is arranged essentially parallel and next to the flange (55) of the holding element (36) and that the length of the offset part (50) of the holding plate (38) in the longitudinal direction (L) is slightly greater than the length of the U-shaped base part (57) of the holding element (36) which is attached to the anchor plate (38) in such a way that a sliding movement is possible between the anchor plate and the holding element. Roof according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the holding element (36) consists of sheet metal of substantially constant thickness, the thickness being 0.015 "to 0.020". Roof according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the second leg (65) of the holding element (36) in the transverse direction (T) is approximately as wide as the offset part (50) of the anchor plate (38) and that the length of the U-shaped base part (57) in the longitudinal direction (L) is at least 75% of Length of the offset part (50) in the longitudinal direction (L) is. Roof according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the anchor plate (100) has a plurality of cranked parts (105) which are arranged at a distance from one another and are connected to one another by flat parts (106) and that the holding element (90) is approximately the same has the same length as the anchor plate (100) and has a plurality of U-shaped base parts (93) which are arranged at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction (L) and which slidely engage the cranked parts (105) and form a continuous expansion fastening device. Method for producing a metal roof, in which adjacent metal roof panels (14) are attached to a roof underlay (71) and the roof panels have a channel-shaped front edge (20) and an L-shaped rear edge, characterized by the following method steps: a) providing an elongated anchor plate (38), the first and second, substantially flat end parts (45 and 46) and a vertically offset, substantially rectangular part (50); b) providing an elongated holding element (36) which consists of the following parts: i. a flange (55) extending in the vertical direction; ii. an essentially U-shaped base part (57) starting from the lower edge of the flange (55) and a first leg (63) adjoining the flange (55), a bend (64) adjoining the first leg (63) ) and a second leg (65) adjoining the bend (64) and iii. one from the opposite, upper edge of the flange (55) starting fold part (56), which has an upper, on the flange (55) in the U-shaped base part (57) in the opposite direction extending upper sealing leg (59) and one has outer leg part (60) adjoining the upper sealing leg (59) in the vertical direction; c) Assembling the holding element (36) with the anchor plate (38) by laying the U-shaped base part (57) around the offset part (50) of the anchor plate (38) so that the first leg (63) next to the underside of the offset part (50) and bending the second leg (65) to the opposite side of the offset part (50) of the anchor plate (38) so that the U-shaped base part (57) encloses the offset part (50) in layers between them and the second leg (65) after folding around the offset part (50) covers the substantially largest part of the offset part (50) and thereby securely holds the holding element (36) firmly on the anchor plate (38); d) fastening the end parts (45, 46) of the fastening device (36, 38) to the roof underlay (71); e) Applying the rear edge (21) of a roof panel (14) to the holding element (36) such that the upstanding leg (29) of the L-shaped edge lies essentially next to the flange (55) of the holding element and the shorter leg (30 ) the L-shaped edge is located under the upper sealing leg (59); f) Applying the front edge (20) of another roof panel (14) to the holding element (36) such that the channel-shaped edge (59, 60) engages over the top of the upper sealing leg (59) and the outside of the outer leg part (60) and g) bending the leading edge (20), the trailing edge (21) and the folded part (56) together to form a standing seam that does not require spot welding. Method according to Claim 16, characterized in that the roof plates (14) have a length of more than 30 feet and that a plurality of interconnected holding elements (36) and anchor plates (38) are used to secure the roof plates (14) to the roof underlay (71) will. Method according to one of claims 16 or 17, characterized in that the standing seam (75) is soldered. Method according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that an anchor plate (100) is used which has a plurality of cranked parts (105) which are arranged at a longitudinal distance from one another and that a plurality of holding elements (36) are used, the number of which is number corresponds to the displaced parts (50) in the anchor plate. Method according to one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that a holding element (90) is used which is as long as the anchor plate (100) and has as many U-shaped base sections (93) as on the anchor plate (100) cranked parts (105) are present and are spaced the same distance apart, thereby using a continuous exhaustion fastener (90). Method for producing an expansion fastening device for use in metal roof systems, characterized by the following method steps: a) punching out an anchor plate (38) from a metal sheet of a small thickness (<1/4 "or <10 lb / sq.ft.) with first and second, essentially flat end parts (46 and 46) and a vertically cranked, substantially rectangular part (50) between these end parts; b) punching out an elongated holding element (36) from a metal sheet of small thickness, which consists of the following parts: i. a vertically extending flange part (55), ii. a folding part (56) adjoining one end of the flange (55) and iii. a U-shaped base part (57) which extends from the opposite end of the flange (55) and a first leg (63) which adjoins the flange (55) essentially perpendicularly, a bend adjoining the first leg (63) ( 64) and a second one following the bend (64) Has leg (65) which forms an acute angle with the first leg (63); c) positioning the U-shaped base part (57) around the cranked part (50) such that the first leg (63) is on one side of the cranked part (50) and d) bending the second leg (65) into a position substantially parallel to the first leg (63), so that the cranked part (50) is enclosed in layers between the first leg (63) and the second leg (65).

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